Starbucks Financial Statement Analysis

Starbucks Financial Statement Analysis
ACCOUNTING HORIZONS Vol. 18, No. 4 December 2004 pp. 263В–XXX
How Do Earnings Numbers Relate to Stock Returns? A Review of Classic Accounting Research with Updated Evidence
D. Craig Nichols and James M. Wahlen
SYNOPSIS: An extensive body of academic research in accounting develops theory and empirical evidence on the relation between earnings
information and stock returns. This literature provides important insights for understanding the relevance of financial reporting. In this article, we
summarize the theory and evidence on how accounting earnings information relates to firmsВ’ stock returns, particularly for the benefit of students,
practitioners, and others who may not yet have been exposed to this literature. In addition, we ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We use the updated empirical analysis to assess the extent to which the findings in three seminal papers still hold, and provide some additional results
that do not appear in the original work. This paper can serve as a resource for those interested in a deeper appreciation for the capital market
consequences associated with accounting earnings. We organize this review using the three theoretical links between earnings and share prices
developed by Beaver (1998). These В“three linksВ” are: 1) current period earnings provides information to predict future periodsВ’ earnings, which 2)
provide information to develop expectations about dividends in future periods, which 3) provide information to determine share value, which
represents the present value of expected future dividends. We describe how this theoretical structure provides a practical framework for analyzing and
understanding the valuation implications of earnings information in the capital market. We then provide empirical evidence on the relation between
earnings and stock returns by extending three classic studies using data from 1988 through 2002. Our first set of empirical results provides evidence
on links 1В–3 by showing a
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Analysis Of Are Too Many People Going To College
Are too many people going to college? A question that I would have never expected or never heard of until I read the title of the article, "Are Too
Many People Going to College?", by Charles Murray. College is where most people strive to be. It's a place to learn and evolve into a human being
who will change and innovate the world, so a question like this startled me and made me really confused as to why but it also caught my attention.
Murray provides us with reasons, examples, and statistics on why he believes people should or should not go to college. In his article Murray talks
about the compensations that come with a degree, the reality about college, bachelor of arts, liberal education, core knowledge, and the four years
spent at university. Three particularly points that sparked my interest were: the truth about college, the supposed rewards that accompany a college
degree, and the four years you spend at your desired institution. I will be discussing the many flaws that are contained within his arguments and will
be utilizing logical fallacies, diction, to describe why. One of Charles Murray points is about college and claims that it's not all the hype It's known to
be. Murray provides us with an example comparing a young male, more specifically a high school graduate, aspiring to get a business major or settling
as an electrician.
He states that he's got talent and has the skills required to be an excellent electrician,

Affirmative Action Programs Should Be Legal
On March 6, 1961, President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925, introducing the phrase "affirmative action." A few years later, President
Lyndon B. Johnson issued Executive Order 11246, which prohibited discrimination based on race, color and religion. Although there were no specific
policies that require colleges and universities to use affirmative action programs, they voluntarily gave advantages to minorities and women in the
admission process. Affirmative action programs were first challenged in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978), in which the Supreme
Court ruled that racial quotas are unconstitutional and violated the 14th Amendment. However, schools could still use race as a factor in the admission
process as long as it is not the only factor. As a result, colleges have adjusted their affirmative action programs to fit the guidelines outlined by the
Court. Today, affirmative action is still a highly controversial issue. In modern day America, the majority of Americans support affirmative action, but
there are still those who do not. Affirmative action benefits minorities by moving jobs towards minorities, but the shift is relatively small. Affirmative
action also provides minorities with higher acceptance rates to colleges and universities. On the other hand, opponents of affirmative action often cite
mismatch theory as one of their main reasons of opposition, but minorities who attend high tier colleges actually benefit from the the

Permanent And Temporary Components Of Stock Prices Using...
This paper reexamines the permanent and temporary components of stock prices using the vector error correction estimation method. Fama and French
(1988) show that a slow 'mean reverting component' adjusts stock prices by constructing decile portfolios by firm size. In this context, I would like to
propose the model that able to consider dynamic time–varying component and long term stable component at the same time. 1. Introduction Fama and
French (1988) introduce that there is a slow mean reverting of stock prices, and the speed of mean reverting for smaller firms is faster. This is the same
idea that no one can obtain excess return using historical prices patterns, under the market efficiency. This is because all stocks have permanent
component, which is the random walk and drift, and temporary component, which is the stationary error term, in their model. Thus, prices will be
slowly decayed a temporary component when it moves far away from the mean. In this study, I follow their fundamental idea that stock prices have
permanent and temporary components under the market efficiency. However, I would like to employ the vector error correction model to capture the
permanent equilibrium component and the temporary dynamic component with a long period of panel data, rather than generating yearly returns by
each decile portfolio. The major benefit of the vector error correction estimation method is that we can directly compare the speed of adjustment
between permanent

The Development Of The Adolescent Health Status Of Young...
Introduction:
Adolescents are a group often overlooked when it comes to health interventions. Currently there are many services to assist parents with young children
involving early intervention and community based services both nationally and in the MidCentral region. The availability and accessibility of those
services have meant that there has been an overall improvement in the health of young children. In comparison the improvement of health in
adolescents has been much less. (1) In particular concern for this group are mental health disorders, drug and alcohol abuse, sexually transmitted
infections and teenage pregnancy. (3) In MidCentral, some initiatives have already been implemented to improve the accessibility of health services to
youth. This paper will look at these current services and examine aspects that could be improved as well as propose alternative ideas that can contribute
to the improvement of the adolescent health status in this region.
Issues affecting Adolescents:
An investigation was made exploring the factors that may contribute to adolescent behavior called Improving the Transition – Reducing Social and
Psychological morbidity during adolescence. Mentioned in the report is that there is a large increase in mortality and morbidity during adolescence by
almost 200% compared with childhood. Adolescents undergo many physical and emotional changes as a result of puberty. Brain maturation is also
occurring but is not complete until later in life. The

Addison 's Attitude Towards Reading
Family History
Addison is a third grade student at Westside Elementary School in the West Fargo Pubic School District. Addison is nine years old. Addison lives with
her parents and two younger brothers. Addison's mother stated Addison is not a proficient reader. She feels that Addison reads slowly. Addison's
mother stated Addison struggles with longer words and struggles to keep the flow of the sentence, but acknowledges Addison's comprehension is a
strength when mom reads with her. Addison becomes frustrated easily whenreading multisyllabic words. Addison enjoys reading books to her parents
and to her younger siblings. However, she often lacks the motivation to read independently. Typically, Addison reads 10
–20 minutes daily at home.
Addison's parents are very supportive and provide many opportunities for Addison to read at home. Addison has a public library card and has access to
a wide variety of reading materials in the home. Addison understands the importance of reading and works extremely hard to improve her reading
skills. Addison's attitude towards reading is positive. When considering the information provided via the Elementary Reading Attitude Survey,
Addison's score fell in the 95th percentile.
Medical
Addison is a healthy nine year old girl. According to Addison's mother, Addison developed normally and met all age appropriate milestones. There are
no concerns with vision, hearing, fine motor skills, or gross motor skills. Addison socializes with

Ben Netanyahu Essay
When I analyze the actions and character of a leader, I will begin analyzing the period in the socio–economic and security aspects. Ben–Gurion's period
is characterized by the threat of survival for the State of Israel and the Jewish community of about 600 thousand people and a difficult economic
situation and lack of infrastructure both physical and spiritual. Benjamin Netanyahu's term is characterized by a stronger Israel than a regional power, a
developed economy, and existing infrastructures.
In this essay I would like to estimate the differences between Ben–Gurion and Netanyahu in two aspects: statehood and the unification of the people.
In the first aspect, Ben–Gurion's statehood is responsible for the establishment of the state's security ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, in the economic aspect, the transfer of state assets to foreign parties (members) and private hands (the gas outline) and the transfer of state
assets to foreign parties and private hands, Creation of classes of tycoons.
In terms of national solidarity and the unification of the nation, one can see Ben–Gurion, who advocated the concept of a "melting pot," on the one
hand unifying the social network and narrowing socio–economic gaps, on the other hand, with the view that a homogenous state is a strong state. This
was expressed in social laws and bodies, the unification of the various streams in education and the establishment of state education.
In Netanyahu's time, he worked to dismantle socio–economic solidarity through anti–social laws, such as the Budget Law in the distribution of a
budget in a country in which it waives the provision of funds for education and welfare, preferring the upper deciles, the use of incitement and division
of parts of the people by media manipulation and

Social Inequalities Within New Zealand Essay
This essay will be discussing the social inequalities within New Zealand. These inequalities can include unequal income, education and healthcare.
Through extensive research of academic resources, I will be discussing how educational, family, social and political factors contribute to the
development of these inequalities. I will also be providing a line graph that shows the unequal income between classes and a second line graph that
demonstrates the difference in student success between high decile and low decile schools.
Society holds many structures that mould human performance and produce opportunities for some, but inequalities for others (Morrall, 2009). These
structures in society are organized by the hierarchies of class, ethnicity and gender (Crossman, 2016). Due to having a society based on hierarchies,
social inequalities are inevitable. Social inequality refers to the ways in which a group or individual of a certain social position may receive unequal
opportunities or distribution of 'goods' such as education, income, living conditions and healthcare (Walker, 2009). These unequal opportunities may be
given to someone because of their ethnicity, gender, income, religion orsocial class (Walker, 2009). For example, people in a high social class will be
able to pay for their children to go to a good private school for a good education, whereas lower–class or working class people will struggle to afford
the same education.
There are two main components to social

Economic Growth From The Plan
economic growth from the plan," he said, "it still wouldn't be able to claw back the revenue losses." (LA Times). In addition to these steps, Trump
proposes to eliminate carried interest breaks. Currently private equity investors and hedge funds pay a tax rate of 23.8%. Under Trump's proposal
their earnings would be classed as ordinary income and be taxed at 25%, however under the current taxation system they pay 39.6%, so although as a
corporate entity the earnings under capital gains tax would go from 23.8% to 25%, under his model as ordinary income those people who manage the
hedge fund or equity investment company would see a drop in personal tax of 14.6%. When asked what loopholes he intended to close, he became
vague, some ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The top 1 percent of all taxpayers would see a 21.6 percent increase in after–tax income."
Table 4. Distributional Analysis for Donald Trump 's Tax Reform Plan
Effect of Tax Reform on After–Tax Income Compared to Current Law
All Returns by DecileStatic Distributional AnalysisDynamic Distributional Analysis
0% to 10%1.4%10.7%
10% to 20%0.6%10.6%
20% to 30%1.2%11.5%
30% to 40%3.0%14.3%
40% to 50%5.3%17.7%
50% to 60%7.2%19.5%
60% to 70%8.0%19.7%
70% to 80%8.3%19.4%
80% to 90%8.9%19.5%
90% to 100%14.6%22.6%
99% to 100%21.6%27.0%
TOTAL FOR ALL10.2%20.0%
Source: Tax Foundation Taxes and Growth Model, Sept. 2015.
Donald Trump's tax plan would enact a number of tax reforms that would both lower marginal tax rates on workers and significantly reduce the
cost of capital. These changes in the incentives to work and invest would greatly increase the U.S. economy's size in the long run, leading to higher
incomes for taxpayers at all income levels. The plan would also be a large tax cut, which would increase the federal government's deficit by over $10

trillion, both on a static and dynamic basis. Finally, it is worth noting that the Taxes and Growth Model does not take into account the fiscal or
economic effects of interest on debt. It also does not require budgets to balance over the long term. It also does not account for

Thai Mutual Fund Performance Skill or Luck
ABSTRACT
Using a data set on Thai open–end domestic equity funds over the June 2000 to October 2007 period. We apply a Bootstrap methodology to distinguish
between "skill" and "luck" for the individual funds. A Bootstrap approach is necessary because the nonnormal distributions of individual fund alphas.
This study points to the existence of genuine stock–picking skill among the top performing Thai equity mutual funds, performance which is not solely
due to good luck. At the bottom fund, our analysis strongly rejects the hypothesis that most poor performing funds are merely unlucky. Most of these
funds demonstrate "bad skill".
1
I. INTRODUCTION
Equity fund is a fund that has the investment policy with an objective to invest in or hold ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Research Question
With mutual fund alphas that deviate significantly from normality, how many funds from a large group would we expect to exhibit high alphas simply
due to luck, and how does this figure compare to the number we actually observe?
3
Objectives of the Study
1. To study performance of equity funds in Thailand whether equity funds outperform the benchmark. 2. To study whether performance of equity funds
in Thailand is due to genuine stock– picking skill or in part of luck.
3. To study the performance persistence of equity funds in Thailand.
Scope of the Study
Weekly returns of the universe of Thai open–end, domestic equity funds which have been operated during 2000 to 2007 period.
Limitation of Study
1. The returns used in this research are returns of mutual funds. So, we can only evaluate the stock–picking skill of all managers of funds, not skill of
individual fund manager. 2. The returns used in this research are not the net returns, which already deducts management fee. So, there is possibility that
the underperformed fund is caused by ineffective management of fund not from lack of managerвЂџs skill.
Contribution of the Study
To guide the investors of equity funds in Thailand how to invest in the outperformed fund by considering past performance of fund and genuine
stock–picking

Datamining group final version Essay
Data Mining Turn in your answers, along with excerpted output as relevant. In this assignment, we will explore RFM segmentation, a technique used to
group customers according to their aggregate purchase history with a company. We specifically look at how recently customers have purchased (R–
recency), how often they have purchased (F – frequency), and how much they have spent (M – monetary). We will then consider how these different
segments responded to the offer to buy "The Art History of Florence." Use the CUSTOMER.SAV dataset for all parts of this assignment. Team
members: WANG MAOXIN 53869782 LIU YI 53699531 YANG RONGRONG 53719976 HONG YIHAN 53735560 HUXIAO 53872424 MA CHUI
YU 53916610 CHING KAM TO... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For this dataset, use the following breakpoints: Recency Frequency Monetary 1–3 months 3 or more orders $201 and up 4–6 months 2 orders
$101–$200 7–12 months 1 order $51–$100 > 12 months $26–$50 $1–$25 Create a composite RFM index for each customer (use "Transform
/Compute" in SPSS). HINT: Suppose a customer has the following individual index values: R = 2 F = 1 M = 4 The resulting RFM index would be
214. You can create such an index with the following formula: RFM index = R*100 + F*10 + M (Type any name you want into "Target Variable"). Do
the Decile Analysis– Use the transform/Rank Case to break the sample into 10 deciles. Make sure you specify lower the rank the better it is. Generate a
report showing number of customers per RFM segment, and the response rate to the offer to buy "The Art History of Florence" per RFM segment
(remember that the response rate is the mean of the BUYERS variable). HINT: use Analyze/Reports/Case Summaries) Case Summaries Bought "Art
History of Florence?" Percentile Group of RFMSCORE1 N Mean % of Total Sum 1 4847 .20 21.1% 2 5241 .12 14.5% 3 4824 .15 16.4% 4 5371 .08
9.2% 5 4762 .09 9.9% 6 4815 .09 9.5% 7 5151 .07 7.9% 8 4806 .04 4.6% 9 5039 .04 4.7% 10 5144 .02 2.2% Total 50000 .09 100.0% Transfer the
output to Excel. 5. Suppose that the mailing offering "The Art History of Florence" to these 50,000 customers cost 50

Essay on Child Observation
–1Observer: Michelle StanleyDate of Observation: 3/2/10
Fictitious Name of Child: AbbySetting: Bed room and living room
Child's Age: 3 years and 10 monthsPhysical Description of Child: When I walked into the house Abby was wearing her princess Belle dress–up gown.
Her hair is bright blonde, down lloose and knotted, her eyed are blue, her skin is pale and her cheeks are rosy.
Time Observed: 4:00pm – 4:10pm
Behavior Observed: Upon entering the house Abby politely took my jacket and hung it up on a chair. She then ran up the stairs and asked me to come
see her dollhouse. She identified every little thing in her dollhouse as she was showing it to me. She showed me the "windows", "stove", "soap",
"mantel", ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She may one day need physical therapy for this but as of right now she participates in activities such as swimming and using the monkey bars on a
play set. She is also always made to carry her bags, and once or twice a week she and her father have fake push up competitions. As a result of her
weaker upper trunk she may one day have trouble in fine motor skills, such as forming her letters, but so far she has developed normally.
When did she begin walking?
Around 1 year, she began to walk.
What percentile is Abby in for height and weight?
Abby is in the 50th percentile for weight for kids her age and in the 98th percentile for height.
What have you done for daycare throughout the years?
From birth until September of 2006 Abby remained with me at home. When I finally returned to work Abby's primary care giver was her father, he
stayed home with her from September of 2006 through December of 2006. She was then placed in the care of her aunt's daycare from December of
2006 until August of 2008 as she then began Preschool at Precious Gems Learning Center.
How is Abby doing academically?
She can recognize and write all of her letters, knows how to spell her first and last name, can recognize and write simple words such as "mom" and
"dad", can recognize numbers up through ten and can count up to about thirty.

Has she received any evaluations from her learning

TKI Reflective Essay
The TKI Assessment allowed me to gain an honest understand of what my negotiation tendencies are between competing, collaborating, compromising,
avoiding, and accommodating. No single style is the best to have or necessarily the "right" answer, but the assessment does help you understand your
true tendencies for dealing with a conflict. Knowing where you rank on this assessment is important for knowing where your deficiencies and your
strengths. This coincides with chapter five in learning what type of negotiation style you use, when, and how you can improve your negotiation tactics
arsenal. The main lesson that I have learned from these activities is that relying too heavily on one negotiation style is not appropriate because the
same styles ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is always a skill that I thought I could pride myself on, especially in the workplace, so seeing the low score was a little tough for me once I
completed the assessment. I was reluctant to admit that I am not as apt to collaborate when I should as I thought I was. Upon reflection, I realized
that I may not necessarily be bad at collaboration but I may not realize when I should be using the skill. I have always preferred to work alone, and
I've always known that about myself. I tend to believe that this is a more efficient way to work most of the time, so when I take that into
consideration it makes more sense that my collaboration score would be lower. I may not have considered my preference for working alone as a
hindrance to my ability to collaborate when I should if I had not taken this assessment. I now know, especially in a work setting, that I need to be
more willing to take on teamwork and seek the input of others on projects that I am working on. Doing so will allow me to learn more skills from
the different points of view I will be able to take into

North Carolina: The General Fund And K-12 Education...
North Carolina: The General Fund and K–12 Education Appropriations North Carolina's General Fund revenues have shown an increase since the
2009 recession. Profits have increase about 3.3% on average each year (North Carolina Office of State Budget, 2016). According to the North Carolina
General Assembly the enacted General Fund Budget for the 2016–2017 fiscal year totals $21,919,468,078. Of this over $21 billion dollar budget about
$12 billion is earmark by lawmakers for education. K–12 public education has been allocated $8,419,444,621 for the 2016–2017 school year (North
Carolina Office of State Budget, 2016). Below is a breakdown of North Carolina's tax revenue sources that make up the General Fund Budget and an
analysis of the current ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Either method is an appropriate way to generate funds, although one might consider raising taxes in areas such as alcohol and tobacco to allow for cuts
to income and sales tax. Alcohol and tobacco are considered to be a health hazards if over consumption is involved, therefore raising taxes for these
products should be considered appropriate. Also, it might be suitable for the state of North Carolina to raise sales tax a bit more and lower income
taxes to produce funds from taxes that are considered more equitable across the state. Overall, North Carolina's current tax setup is producing steady
revenues for the state, and showing a gradual gain each fiscal year since the recession.
Equity and Adequacy Fixes: Ohio and New Jersey When determining equity and adequacy fixes for funding public schools in New Jersey and Ohio a
framework for assessing must be determined. Starting with equity, both states have a history of litigation that determines the educational objects for the
framework. Since the mid–90's to this decade the most influential New Jersey court decisions are the Abbott v. Burke decisions. The New Jersey
Supreme Court ordered the state to bring per–pupil revenues in the low–income Abbott districts up to the per–pupil expenditures of successful
suburban districts (National Education Access Network, 2016). In Ohio the DeRolph v. State

Financial Modelling
Session 1 Page 1
9/29/10
Material presented in four sections.
Analytical and ratio techniques for understanding
business performance, liquidity, and financial structure. Cash flow forecasting techniques are then applied to to produce a cash flow (and
earnings–based) financial valuation model. Special topics include taxes, compensation, pensions, financial institutions (time permitting) Multiples
valuation analysis, lawsuits and false information, regulatory environment.
Session 1 Page 2
9/29/10
Two projects account for 80% of course.
The first group project is to develop a cash flow
financial valuation model of a company of your choice (50%) As a second group project, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
activities
Non–Core Non–Operating Net Cash Flow
Dividends & Buybacks

Net Operating (core) + Non Operating net assets
Session 1 Page 14
=
Invested Capital
9/29/10
Net Operating Assets (NOA) and NOI
RNOA = NOI Г· NOA (text p. 94) NOA = CE + NFO (text p. 95)
What if NOA includes significant non–operating financial assets (e.g, Microsoft), then ... NOI* = NOI – financial income NOA* = NOA –
non–operating financial assets, and RNOA* = NOI* Г· NOA* (see, also, pp. 98,99)
Session 1 Page 15
9/29/10
Example: RNOA versus RNOA*
Net Financial Assets Net Operating Assets Net Financial Obligations Common Equity EBIT Interest Income Interest Expense Net Interest EBT Taxes
Net income after taxes Common Equity + Net Financial Obligations Net Operating Assets Net Financial Assets Operating income after taxes Financial
income after taxes After–tax interest expense Net income after taxes ROE RNOA RNOA* 10% 10% 40% Company 1 Company 2 4,000 5,000 5,000
3,000 2,000 9,000 2,000 (300) (300) 1,700 680 1,020 5,000 5,000 1,200 (180) 1,020 51.00% 24.00% 24.00% 2,000 400 400 2,400 960 1,440 9,000
5,000 4,000 1,200 240 1,440 16.00% 16.00% 24.00%
Session 1 Page 16

Aqr Momentum Fund
Overview
Momentum is a phenomenon shows that well–performed stocks continue to outperform their peers while poor–performed stocks continue to
underperform. Thus, more mutual funds use this powerful strategy to draw a broad range of investors by getting higher risk–adjusted returns. AQR is a
hedge fund based in Greenwich, Connecticut, offering investing products that applies price phenomenon known as momentum. This case study enables
investors to get a closer look at AQR's momentum fund.
Comparison of momentum specifications
In order to analyze the momentum effect of different specifications, stocks were divided into 'winner' stocks and 'loser' stocks according to their
rankings.
From the data we can see that the decile spread ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Traditional momentum strategy
According to the case, there were four differences between AQR's retail momentum strategy and traditional momentum strategy.
1. The retail strategy can only take long positions on winner stocks, while the traditional one can also short the loser stocks to maximize returns.
2. As an open–ended mutual fund, AQR has to maintain certain level of liquidity and be ready to return capital to investors when they demand, while
the traditional strategy used by hedge funds can require a lock–up period and a long redemption notice period.
3. AQR's strategy faced more stringent reporting and compensation requirements.
4. AQR's strategy was required by regulators to be sufficiently diversified among assets, industries as well as companies. And to compare the
profitability of both strategies, we estimated the expected returns and risks measured by different ratios, shown as below. Excess return of
AQR's Momentum StrategyExcess return of
Traditional Momentum Strategy
Mean15.287.17
Standard Deviation27.3012.27
Beta1.2240.006
Alpha5.947.12
Standard Error of Alpha9.1912.35
Table 2.1 Basic parameters of returns estimated with the sample data AQR's Momentum StrategyTraditional Momentum Strategy
Sharpe Ratio0.560.58

Treynor Ratio0.124811.95
Information

Social Security Benefits
Social security has been a big part of our nation since 1935 when the great depression plagued our nation. Social security is an independent trust
fund and has been since its creation. 1 Social Security Benefits cannot be given out to anyone who hasn't paid into it. No one can receive it as
welfare or other types of governmental assistance. 1 Many people think that Congress takes money out of the Social Security fund and irresponsibly
uses it. The truth is, congress is using it how they are supposed to be. They are using it to pay people their owed social security benefits and other
important government programs. Although the federal debt may be high and respect for congress may be low, they are using it as they should. 2 III.
Changes in... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Prior to this year, many people above the age of 65 were applying for government assistance because they could not handle their medical bills, the
bills were just too high. So congress evaluated what they could do and in 1965 they passed the Medicare bill. Those 65 years and older could
receive the benefits and this helped immensely to cover hospital bill costs. Over 56 million people today now receive Social Security benefits.
Medicare and Social Security are two interconnected government systems that typically serve the same people. Medicare premiums can directly affect
how much social security you're getting and many Americans in 2011 saw their social security increase when their Medicare premiums changed. The
dates you signed up and if you were a wealthier beneficiary determined how much your premium and social security income changed. Medicare is
handled through the two trust fund accounts; Hospital Insurance (HI) Trust Fund and Supplementary Medical Insurance (SMI) Trust Fund. The HI is
funded by payroll taxes, income taxes, and premiums. It pays for Medicare Part A and Medicare administration. The SMI is funded with authorization
from congress and from Medicare premiums. It pays for Part B and D benefits, and Medicare

Cultural Capital And Its Impact On Education
A student's cultural capital will have an impact on their education. It will either be positive or it can be negative for the child. In this essay I will
explain the idea of cultural capital and then use it to analyse the impact it has had on education in different settings. The first educational setting I will
discuss is a story called Butterflies, written by Patricia Grace (2002), and the second being the contrast in education between high and low decile
schools in New Zealand. This essay will demonstrate the implications of the inequality in education because of cultural capital, and the effects it has on
a student's presence, participation and achievement.
Cultural capital is an idea that was used by Bordieu to contribute to his explanation of inequality in social settings (Zepke & Leach, 2007). It comprises
the "norms, values and practices of a society" (Zepke & Leach, 2007, p.657). "Cultural capital includes cultural resources and activities that are
expressed in the relationships between parents and children" (Tramonte & Willms, 2010, p.203). This results in cultural capital being different in
different social settings. This can create inequality because of the difference in values, knowledge and skills that individuals can bring to a certain
environment. One issue can be the conflict between teacher and student because of their cultural capital and can result in unequal educational
outcomes because the cultural capital of others is valued higher than other students.

The Long Tail Of Underachievement Essay
"Education systems are expressly set up to help achieve quality of opportunity and outcome(APA)", but question is, are they? Statistic 's put out by the
'Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study ' (TIMSS) showed our 9–year–olds were ranked 34th out of 53 countries–effectively bottom
equal with other developing nations along with a whole lot of unforgiving data findings (Johnston, 2015). Social inequality has a much bigger role to
play in the "long tail of underachievement". It is common knowledge that in New Zealand the gap between the wealthy and the poor has widened
enormously over the past two decades (APA). To analyses this dilemma we need to look at the defection of socioeconomic status. Max Weber formed
the term socioeconomic status (SES): "An individual 's or group 's position within hierarchical social structure. Socioeconomic status depends on a
combination of variables,including occupation, education, income, wealth, and place of residence" (APA). I will shed some light on answering this
question and to also look at historical issues relating to socioeconomic status and New Zealand 's education. I will also mention some solutions that
have put forward, to provide opportunities for all children in New Zeland.
From where it all began, the first contact with Pakeha in the late 1700s and early 1800s, was largely on Maori terms. It is often suggested that one of
the main reasons that the first European settles came to New Zealand was to get away from

Case Study Of Nutcracker
ABSTRACT This is a study about how profitable a peanut butter spread can be. Studies shown here that peanut butter spread despite of many
competitors in it can still have a chance in capturing the market. Peanuts are chosen by the group members because they saw that peanuts have many
nutritional values and thus could benefit people who will be buying our spreads. Nutcracker is a preservative–free homemade gourmet peanut butter
aimed to sell to the upper class A,B, and C of the households in Metro Manila. This study proves how the changing preferences of Filipinos toward
buying delicacies such as ours affect the profitability of our product and how lifestyle trends are going to help us reinvent and innovate more flavors as
the company continuously expands its product offerings. Keywords: peanut butter, spread, nutritional value, delicacy, preservative–free, homemade,
gourmet... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was created because of the shared love for spreads of the owners that gave additional drive to create something with utmost nutritional value for
today's healthy lifestyle. We want our spreads to be one of the best in Metro Manila in three years. We are continuously developing a product that is
we believe has a very big potential in the market because of its distinct taste. Currently, we offer original peanut butter and chocolate peanut butter
with plans of expanding to offer unique flavors such as cookies and cream, toffee nut, and the like. Our main difference from our competitors is the
assurance of safety. Numerous reports have been mentioned about salmonella or aflatoxin. This is what we see as one of our edge over the rest of
the brands. Our products are guaranteed safe because all of our processes have been approved by a food technologist. Our spreads only uses fresh and
quality ingredients to satisfy our customers'

Analysis of Singapore's Economy Recovery
If I was the consultant of Singapore, the economy would continue to grow fast as the country will keep its focus on Technology, Communications and
Media as Subsistence. The Republic of Singapore is the second–smallest country in Asia and consists of Singapore Island and several smaller islands
off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula. Singapore's geographic location gives it strategic importance in the region. It is mostly low lying and
hilly, with sections of rain forest, and mangrove groves. The tropical climate is characterized by heavy rainfall and high humidity. Average winter
temperatures are 75В°F and average summer temperatures are 88В°F. The nation's 4.6 million people are 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, and 8% Indian.
They are 42.5%... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(www.singstat.gov.sg) There are many reasons why Singapore has been able to attract large volumes of foreign direct investment (FDI). The most
important of these are its liberal investment climate, its stable and incorrupt political and business regime, its world–class infrastructure, its highly
educated workforce, its competitive economy and its favourable tax system (which includes special incentives for FDI). With strong government
support, Singapore has one of the most advanced, competitive and mature technology, communications and media (TCM) sectors in the world.
Although constrained by a small domestic market, Singapore's TCM industry still offers great opportunities for equipment manufacturers, service
providers and network operators, especially in the mobile phone and digital media sectors. (Ghesquiere 2010) After the full liberalisation of the
telecommunications sector in January 2000, Singapore's mobile communications market has become highly competitive. The largest mobile phone
service provider remains SingTel, a telecom company which is a subsidiary of Temasek Holdings, the investment arm of the Singaporean government.
The share of mobile telecoms revenues in total telecoms revenues rose from 36.0% in 2003 to 45.2% in 2008. Almost all Singaporean households
own a mobile phone as the rate of household possession of mobile phones reached 98.7% in 2008, up from 85.0% in 2003. With an almost full
penetration rate, the

Math 116 Essay
Math 116 – Chapter 6 reviewName___________________________________
Provide an appropriate response. 1)
Two random variables are normally distributed with the same mean. One has a standard deviation of 10 while the other has a standard deviation of
15. How will the graphs of the two variables differ and how will they be alike? 2)
Which is larger, the area under the standard normal curve between –1 and 1, or the area under the standard normal curve between 0 and 2? Explain
your reasoning. 3)
Which of the variables below do you think will be roughly normally distributed?
a. Weights of 10 year old boys
b. Incomes of 40 year old adults
c. The numbers that show up when you roll a balanced die
d. The amount of coffee ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You wish to approximate a binomial probability by an area under a normal curve. Use the continuity correction to determine which area under the
appropriate normal curve will approximate the required probability. 18)
The probability of more than 49 correct answers 19)
The probability of fewer than 48 democrats
For the binomial distribution with the given values for n and p, state whether or not it is suitable to use the normal distribution as an approximation. 20)
n = 27 and p = 0.6 21) n = 19 and p = 0.8
Estimate the indicated probability by using the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution. 22)
Estimate the probability of getting exactly 43 boys in 90 births. 23)
A certain question on a test is answered correctly by 22% of the respondents. Estimate the probability that among the next 150 responses there will be at
most 40 correct answers.
Provide an appropriate response. 24)
Fill in the blanks.
A fair coin is flipped 280 times. You wish to find the probability that the number of tails is greater than 160. This probability can be estimated by
finding the area to the right of _____ under the normal curve with Ој = ____ and Пѓ = ___.
1)

Both graphs will have the same shape (they will both be bell–shaped) and they will be centered at the same place (the common mean). The graph of the
variable with the smaller standard deviation will be narrower and taller than the other graph.

Graduation Speech : Low Participation And Achievement
1.Low participation and achievement in education settings:
No role model to identify with – there is no set goal of what the learner wants to achieve when enrolling for English Literacy and Numeracy courses.
No computer or access to a computer, and therefore computer illiterate, will leave the learner frustrated – English Literacy and Numeracy with
computer skills are vital today when applying for higher paying employment in order to better your standard of living.
No time to enrol in full time courses – adults must sometimes take on two or even more jobs to meet ends. This will leave them tired with no energy
left to participate in part time English Literacy and Numeracy courses.
Larger families bring more responsibilities – to participate and to achieve success in English Literacy and Numeracy are quite often not the number one
priority. Takes too much family time.
As Maori children and the younger adults (15+ years) had to enrol in schools with English Literacy and Numeracy – this result (as can see from the
result in the Snapshot below) gives a very negative picture for our countrys future. Low income, low attendance and enrolling in the low–income decile
schools left some Maori people with low or not sufficient qualifications to contribute to the economical growth of this country.
"A snapshot of the Auckland Maori population in 2013 indicates:
49 percent of Maori students are enrolled in Decile 1–3 schools
Maori made up 15 percent of all students

Evidence Of Momentum Effect On The Market, Asian Markets,...
2 Evidence of Momentum Effect
The following presents the studies examined on the momentum effect in several markets. The markets have been divided into the United States
market, European market, Asian market, and emerging market.
2.1 Portfolio formation
The most commonly used method in the literature to investigate the existence of momentum effect was from the study by Jegadeesh and Titman
(1993). In this method, the strategy was selecting stocks based on returns in the past J months and holding them for K months (J month/K month
strategy). It was constructed as follows: At the beginning of each month t during the sample period, stocks were ranked in ascending order based on
their returns in the past J months. J was the formation period set at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The portfolio with the highest past returns was called the
winners decile and it contained the best 10% of the sample firms, whereas the portfolio with the lowest pasts return was called the losers decile and it
contained the worst 10% of the sample firms. In each month t, the momentum strategy bought the winners decile and sold the losers decile, and then
held for K months. K was the holding period set at 3,6,9 and 12 months. Lastly, the strategy closed out the position started from t–K. To increase the
robustness of the test, the strategy usually included portfolios with overlapping holding periods, where in any given month t, the strategy held a group
of portfolios that were selected in the current month,

Class Or Socioeconomic Level Analysis
Class or socioeconomic level is typically defined as social sets, where each particular group share similar or the same resources, in terms of
economical, property, and status (Phillips, 2012). Therefore, it tends to be a rank in accordance to wealth, power, and income, meaning the more you
have of each of these the higher the class will be (Lyall, 2016). This idea of class or socioeconomic level has a huge impact on children in the New
Zealand education sector, as many policies indirectly effecting education typically advantages the middle class families (Thrupp, 2007). Class effects
not only the access to resources, but also the health of the students, and the zoning that they are included in. All these factors, as well as many more,
have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Class plays a major contributor to the standard of health children bring into the education sector, those from working class families tend to have a
lower standard of health than those in middle class families (Brooks–Gunn & Duncan, 1997). This is due to a number of reasons, all resulting back to
the limited access working class families have to needed amenities. Working class are likely to have a limited access to healthy foods, as these
foods are typically more expensive (Stephens, Markus, Fryberg, 2012). Therefore, these families receive little nutritional food, which leads to a large
amount of diseases and unhealthy habits. Housing also impacts on the health of children which influences on the education sector. This is because
working class tends to only have access to a lower quality of housing, these may be houses that are potentially damp, and cold (Childrens
Commissioner, 2010). This leads to an unhealthy environment, which causes the children and families to be unwell, therefore lowering their standard
of health. Working class also have less access to services such as health care and services (Childrens Commissioner, 2010). Therefore, they are less
likely to rebound as quickly from illness, as those in middle class would, with a large access to healthcare. These issues have a significant effect on the
health of the children, and therefore on the education sector, as it leads

Brazil And Its Effects On Society Essay
Brazil 1
What are some of the Policies that Brazil or China has followed in Recent Years to Reduce Inequality? Has it been Successful?
Ehsan Rahmanian
Professor Mitu Sengupta
November 25 2016
Brazil 2
In the same way as other nations in Latin America, Brazil has had accomplishment in diminishing destitution and inequality in the course of the most
recent two decades. As opposed to the worldwide pattern of enlarging the divide amongst rich and poor, which has turned into a developing concern
since the financial related emergency. The world is awakening to the destructive impacts of inequality, on society, as well as having a negative impact
on encouraging financial development. Brazil 's advance on inequality came from a low base; the wage crevice between the nation 's top and base
decile stays around five times as wide as in advanced economies (Corrigan, 2015). Brazil should in any case do substantially more to guarantee that its
gross domestic product (GDP) development converts into expansive based change in expectations for everyday standards. Among Brazil 's qualities is
the comprehensiveness of its financial framework, positioned best out of the twenty six nations named upper middle salary. Brazil 's business
visionaries have moderately little trouble in getting resources to build up their organizations in contrast with their competitor. The nation additionally
scores nearly well on a scope of pointers identified with the labour market, registered

Singapore's Rapid Economic Development Essay
4 NEGATIVE IMPACT OF RAPID ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 4.1 AGING POPULATION Local and foreign labour are deemed essential to
Singapore's workforce in order to sustain competitiveness in economic development. However long standing past policy implication and current policy
taken by the Government to spur economic development, could be argued to affect the labour market and SMEs in the long run. The past and current
policies that might inflicted negative impact to labour market and SMEs are elaborated as follow: 1) Curbing Singapore growing population during
early economic development is arguably the main factor leading to Singapore lower birth rate. This argument has been supported by Asher (2008)
saying Singapore has experienced below–replacement... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Supply of low skilled worker especially in non PMET market would be scarce especially for domestic service industries driven by local SMEs. SMEs
normally run with small capital would face tougher business environment. SMEs would not be able to increase their productivity in a shorter time as
they could not leverage on technology. Eventually they would have to compromise their service levels which in return force the consumers to adjust to
uncertainty. The potential growth of SMEs industry would be hampered which in return impede Singapore's economic growth. According to Dr Chua
Hak Bin, economist at Bank of Merrill Lynch, Singapore's tight foreign labour policy could cost the economy 1.3% points of growth in 2014 which in
the long run degrade Singapore's competitive landscape with ailing domestic businesses. Besides dampening local business competitiveness, ageing
population and restricted foreign labour may lead to a lower level of innovation. As productivity growth is associated with higher innovation and
improving technology, reports from high–income OECD countries suggests that the median age of the population is negatively correlated with total
factor productivity (OECD, 2013). 4.2 BRAIN DRAIN Past policy of tailoring education to manpower has contributed its fair share to Singapore's
economic development. However, globalization

Analysis Of ' Addison 's ' Essay
Background Information
Family History
Addison is a third grade student at Westside Elementary School in the West Fargo Pubic School District. Addison is nine years old. Addison's is the
oldest child in her family. She has a five year old brother and an eighth month old brother.
Addison's mother feels that Addison is not a proficient reader. She feels that Addison is a slower reader. Addison's mother stated Addison sometimes
struggles with longer word and can't keep the flow of the sentence, but acknowledges Addison's comprehension is a strength when mom does a read
aloud with Addison. She frustrates easily when reading multisyllabic words because she lacks decoding skills. Addison enjoys reading books to herself
and to her younger siblings, but often lacks the motivation to read independently. Typically, Addison reads 10
–20 minutes every day at home.
Addison's parents are very supportive and stress the importance of reading. Addison has a public library card and the home has a wide variety of
reading materials in the house.
Addison shared that she reads daily at home after summer school. She understands the importance of reading and works extremely hard to improve her
reading skills. Addison's attitude towards reading is positive according to the information provided via the Elementary Reading Attitude Survey.
Addison score fell at the 95th percentile.
Information about the context
According to Addison's MAP (Measurement of Academic Progress) assessments

Poverty Today 's Day And Age Has Become More Common Than...
Poverty in today's day and age has become more common than ever before. Poverty involves not being able to participate in activities that most other
people are able to do (Raphael 2015, Lecture). The topic of poverty connects with inequality, where living conditions produce material and social
deprivation that intensively threaten health and reduce the quality of life for an exclusive subset of the population (Raphael 2011, preface). For
children, this has been a disregarded subject and deserves much more attention and consideration worldwide. In health, education, and material
well–being, there comes this impression of children "falling behind" (Adamson 2010, p. 1). In a well–established country like Canada, the topic of
poverty, as well ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
5). The second dimension of inequality is the inequality in young people's achievement through their education (Adamson 2010, p. 9). The third
dimension of inequality involves three indicators that are used in children's self–reported health complaints; healthy eating; and frequency of vigorous
physical activity (Adamson 2010, p. 13). Through economic causes, its social costs and its possible remedies, inequality has become a major
concern over the last three decades (Adamson 2010, p. 3). Inequality is an example of the changes in both the ability and effort it provides for further
progress in all types of fields that engage in human endeavor (Adamson 2010, p. 3). Before the economic crisis in 2008, surveys were conducted to
measure inequality and deploy data. Since well–being has many dimensions, survey's were conducted favoring multidimensional measurements
(Adamson 2010, p. 3). In terms of measuring the gap, based on the data that is available, there are two different methods that are used for
approximating how far behind children are being allowed to fall (Adamson 2010, p. 4). The first method compares the child at the 10th percentile with
the child at the 50th percentile. Then the degree of inequality is measured by the gap in between these two individuals, and that is shown as a
percentage of the median position that exists. The second method compares the level of

Global Signature Assignment
Jason Silva
Professor Kreier
Macroeconomics
2 November 2016
Global Perspectives Signature Assignment: The Distribution of Income within and among Nations 161026
Based on three graphs from Piketty (2014)
Questions 1–4 refer to Piketty's Figure 9.8
1. The variable measured on the vertical axis of Figure 9.8 is the share of total income received by the "highest decile." What does the term, "highest
decile," mean in the context of this graph?
The term highest decile means the richest 10% of the population.
2. Does this graph provide information about the distribution of income among social classes within a nation (or region, in the case of Europe), or about
the distribution of income among nations or regions?
This graph provides information ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He puts a question mark at the end of the phrase to make people question if it's truly possible for countries like Asia and Africa to have the same GDP
as the rest of the world.
Questions 11–13 pertain to Piketty's explanation of the data presented in Figure 9.8
11. What does Piketty think happens to the distribution of income and wealth if market forces are allowed to operate without government intervention?
Market forces that are left to follow a natural path without government intervention, lead to an even greater inequality. The rate of return investment is

greater than the rate of GDP, which means the rich control more of the economy.
12. What forces, in Piketty's view, fostered the movement towards greater equality and the creation of mass prosperity during the mid–20th century in
the wealthy democracies?
World War One and World War Two, The Great Depression, Union Rights, and Labor Corporations fostered the movement towards greater equality and
the creation of mass prosperity.
12. Describe Piketty's views about globalization and its effect on income distribution among social classes in Europe and the United

Martin Thrupp: Article Analysis
Introduction
Within this review I am going to summarise, critique, and discuss Martin Thrupp's Journal Article "Education's 'Inconvenient Truth': Persistent Middle
Class Advantage'.
Summary
Overall, Thrupp, within this journal article discusses ideas around middle class and the advantages they receive in comparison to the working class, in
relation to education, and problems that affect education.
Throughout the article it describes how due to the neo–liberal policies brought into action in the 1980s–1990s, the middle class were the ones to
benefit. This therefore was the start of the increase of wage inequality between those of middle class, and those in working class. Which has
continued to have effects on education directly and indirectly, which resume to be one of the problems in New Zealand education. The article
advances to discuss how middle class have better access to the more popular high decile schools, due to lower socio–economical families being kept
out of the zoning, which is drawn up by the schools. This is partly due to influences from other sectors, such as housing. Thrupp writes that there
tends to be relationships between house prices and schools. Those houses near high decile schools tend to be more expensive houses, as those in
middle class do not typically pursue those low decile schools. This leads to typically middle class living in that area, and attending the more popular
schools as Thrupp describes. Later on in the article, Thrupp allows the consideration of funding for low decile schools, in comparison to those high
decile schools. That although those low decile schools get more funding, they ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thrupp discusses how lower decile schools tend to have a larger teacher turnover, as teachers are more willing to teach at those higher decile schools.
These higher decile schools therefore receive more experienced

Marketing Case Study: Market Analysis: Nutcracker
CHAPTER 3
MARKET ANALYSIS Nutcracker is a locally made spread that was created because of the shared love for spreads of the owners that gave additional
drive to create something with utmost nutritional value for today's healthy lifestyle. Nutcracker also wants to embody a memory that will bring back
good childhood days with families while enjoying a local favorite that never gets old. The target market of the company is the household population of
NCR.
Table 1. Household population by age group and sex, and sex ratio by sex group1: The company's target market is the household population in NCR
belonging to the middle to high income class. Below is a simplified computation for the projected population of the target market.
1.78% increase ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Market Survey
The organization surveyed a total of 120 respondents through online survey and physical distribution. Below is the result of the survey:
Chart 1. Survey Question 1
The survey result shows that most of the people are eating peanut butter. There is only 40% percent of the surveyed people are not eating peanut butter.
This proves a greater market to serve for the company.
The frequency of usage of the products (Peanut Butter and Coco Jam) was focused on the customers who eat twice to thrice a month. That is why the
market of the organization will be focused on these consumers.
The top places where the customers are buying spreads are Supermarkets, Convenient Stores, and Bazaars. The organization will treat this as their
distribution channels.
Attribute NutcrackerLily'sSkippySpeculousLady's Choice

1. Taste пѓјпѓјпѓјпѓјпѓј
2. Texture (smooth /creamy) пѓјxпѓјпѓјпѓј
3. Affordability (80–150

The Demand For Branded Goods Essay
INTRODUCTION Over these 68 years of independence, Indian economy has witnessed a drastic change in the pattern of consumption due to
increase in level of income and purchasing power. Post 1991 economic policy reforms, there has been high degree of competition and mass
production. There is immense positive change in demand for high end technologically advanced branded goods, stimulated by increased awareness
and changing taste and preference spurred by demonstration effect. This would mainly be due to narrow difference in prices of non branded and
branded goods. Attractive services and accountability provided by various brands also contribute to this increase in demand for branded goods. Post
liberalisation, Indian markets were flooded by foreign goods and there was wide range of choice. Earlier, Indian consumer durable market was
dominated by few domestic producers like Godrej, Voltas, Kelvinator etc. The main categories of consumer durables are colour TVs, refrigerators, air
conditioners and washing machines. Double income families, rising income level, increasing awareness among consumers are driving growth of this
industry and easy financing avenues fueling the market. OBJECTIVES This paper is an effort to study the change in consumption pattern of consumer
durables and its effects on the Indian economy. It tries to establish a relation between the growth of consumer durables industry and the overall growth
of the economy i.e. the change in consumption of these goods

Hydroclimate of the Northwest of the United States Essay
Although runoff and streamflow have generally decreased in the Northwest over the past century (Luce and Holden, 2009), instances of flooding –
particularly in rain–dominated and 'transition' basins – have increased over the same period (Hamlet and Lettenmaier, 2007), and are often driven by
exceptional precipitation events. Impacts are basin specific and dependent on antecedent conditions, though higher intensity storms generally result in
increased flooding and runoff risk, and such events can disrupt systems ranging from ecological (e.g. Knapp et al., 2008), to agricultural (e.g.
Rosenzweig et al., 2000), to urban (e.g. Rosenberg et al., 2010). Further, the synchronicity of precipitation across a basin or region has the potential to...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gershunov and Barnett, 1998). ii. The Inland Northwest The region to the east of the Cascades is typified by generally sunnier and drier conditions as
compared to the PNW. Annual average precipitation across the Inland Northwest (INW) is less than 50cm, with a greater percentage of that
precipitation coming during the late spring and early summer months. Lower average annual precipitation amounts exist even within the higher
elevation mountainous areas of northern Idaho, northeastern Oregon, and western Montana, with annual averages of only 150–250cm as compared to
the 200–500cm MAP in the mountain ranges west of the Cascade crest (CESE, UW). The sub–regional variability of MAP within the INW exists
primarily as a result of orographic effects (is this correct???). B. Extreme precipitation events in the Northwest i. Defining 'extreme' The definition of
'extreme' can vary across studies. In some studies (e.g. Karl et al., 1995), if a fixed threshold value is exceeded an event is considered extreme.
However, this method for defining extreme events is not suitable for a region like the Northwest with large spatial variability in rainfall amounts. A
preferable method is to define an extreme event at point i as one in which the precipitation total for the event falls within the xth

Arithmetic vs. Geometric Means: Empirical
1
"Arithmetic vs. Geometric Means: Empirical
Evidence and Theoretical Issues" by Jay B. Abrams, ASA, CPA, MBA
Copyright 1996
There has been a flurry of articles about the relative merits of using the arithmetic mean
(AM) versus the geometric mean (GM). The Ibbotson SBBI Yearbook took the first position that thearithmetic mean is the correct mean to use in
valuation. Allyn Joyce's June 1995
BVR article initiated arguments for the GM as the correct mean.
The previous articles have centered around Professor Ibbotson's famous example using a binomial distribution with 50%–50% probabilities of a +30%
and –10% return. The debate has been very interesting, but it is off on a tangent, focused on the wrong issue.
There are theoretical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Regression #1: Returns as a Function of Risk
The arithmetic mean outperforms3 the geometric mean in this regression, with Adjusted R2 of 97.78% versus 81.93% and t–statistic of 19.9 versus 6.5.
Additionally, the constant of
2 "A Breakthrough in Calculating Reliable Discount Rates," Valuation, August, 1994. Additionally, Grabowski and King subsequently published
articles on the same topic in Business Valuation Review, June 1995, p. 69–74 and September 1996, p.
103–115.
3 In other words, AM does a better job of explaining risk than GM.
3
5.24% for the arithmetic mean makes economic sense, i.e., it matches the 70–year average Treasury Bond rate–the best proxy for the risk–free
rate–while the constant for the geometric mean matches nothing in particular; and how could it? The geometric mean is stripped of some of the
information relating to volatility, so therefore it will obviously do an inferior job of forecasting returns based on volatility.
Let's see how it does in explaining returns as a function of log size.
Regression #2: Returns as a Function of Log Size
Again, the arithmetic mean outperforms the geometric mean. Its adjusted R2 is 91.43% compared to 84.48% for the geometric mean. The absolute
value of Its t–statistic is 9.2,

Education : A Western Way Of Viewing Education
Education:
Education is invaluable when it comes to looking at child poverty and the way in which this issue effects New Zealand communities. MДЃori overall
tend to have lower pass rates at all levels of NCEA than European New Zealanders. This alone however is a very much western way of viewing
education. It measures academic success against exams that a very much created through western thought processes that may not accurately portray the
ways in MДЃori learn and achieve. Education is both an outcome and leading factor in the cycle of Child Poverty in New Zealand as with such a high
importance placed on tertiary education today it is harder to obtain reasonable or higher paying jobs without such higher education. But poverty in itself
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, it also needs to be questioned as whether or not systems such as NCEA do truly benefit and assess everyone equally or whether they
unintentionally favor those who prescribe to mainstream European discourse through the way questions and answers are structured or whether NCEA
is an entire discourse on its own. Addressing Poverty: Hands outs vs. A Hand Up: How sustainable long term equitable solutions can be achieved.
In order to reduce the disproportionate numbers of MДЃori living in poverty an approach that incorporates MДЃori discourses and acknowledges the
past as well as the future is key.
The WhДЃnau Ora Approach:
The WhДЃnau Ora Approach is an approach to welfare that was launched in 2010 with the goal of empowering MДЃori to be able to take charge of
their own lives. It focuses on being able to achieve better livelihood outcomes in areas such as health, education, housing and employment ("WhДЃnau
Ora at a glance", 2016). This program incorporates the MДЃori ideas around the importance of Community and WhДЃnau into an approach that will
empower MДЃori to be able to take charge of their own lives rather than being reliant on the government. By creating a strengths–based approach that is
in line with MДЃori ideas surrounding the importance of community and the collective a much more relatable and holistic program is created (Dale, O
'Brien, & St John, 2011, P.34). The framework in which this approach is underpinned by seeks

Benefits And Advantages Of Flexible Work Arrangement...
Flexibility is the willingness to change or compromise. When flexibility exists in the workspace, both the employee and employer maximize their
productivity. Workspace is a space in which employees execute work for the company employing them. Workspace flexibility is comprised of the
decisions made by the company and the employee to better tailor when, where, and how an individual will work to meet the needs of both the
employee and the company. Workspace flexibility encompasses a large array of arrangements that allow individuals to both contribute to their firm,
while also being able to have a schedule that better suits their needs. A business's objective is to create a smart management strategy in its workspace
that will increase its productivity while lowering costs, thus making the business more efficient. It is believed that increasing flexibility can be a
means to achieve this. I can be very expensive to do this; however, the benefits outweigh the costs. Flexible work arrangement strategies can be
separated into categories including scheduled hours, amount of hours, and work location. Flexibility in the workspace helps employers and employees
reach their ultimate goal of maximizing their profit. Flexible Work Arrangements Flexible work arrangement is "a spectrum of work structures that
alters the time and/or place that work [is achieved] on a regular basis" (Worldat Work). These arrangements differ from company to company. Flexible
schedules must take into

How Does Poverty Affect A Vulnerable Population
The researchers explain one of the social problems in community today that are affecting a vulnerable population. One of the most devastating issues is
that the problem of poverty affects the children in current times, but also has an unfavorable impact on a children's future. For example,
poverty–stricken children are likely to have a poor diet that lacks nutrition, inadequate education, engage more frequently in crimes, and have higher
rates of unwanted pregnancies and ill health. Also, when children are hungry, they have the an inability to retain information accurately. Nutrition is the
main part of getting your body to work properly and fuel the brain concentration. Therefore, the researchers feel it is necessary to assist these children

Collective Bargaining and Labour Market Outcomes for...
Collective Bargaining and Labour Market Outcomes for Canadian Working Women
I INTRODUCTION: UNIONS, LOW PAY, AND EARNINGS INEQUALITY
The major purposes of this paper are, first, to examine the impacts of collective bargaining on labour market outcomes for women workers in
Canada, specifically with respect to pay, benefits coverage, the incidence of low pay and the extent of earnings inequality, and, second, to suggest
ways in which positive impacts could be extended via the expansion of collective bargaining coverage. This part of the paper briefly reviews the
literature on the impacts of collective bargaining on earnings, low pay, and earnings inequality, and Part II provides some background description of the
labour market ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To indicate the extremes, the earnings gap between the top and bottom deciles of women earners in Canada is double that in Sweden (i.e. the ratio
between the upper limit of D9 and the bottom limit of D2 is 3.7 compared to 1.8), and the incidence of low pay among full–time women workers
(defined as earning below two–thirds of the economy wide median wage) is 34.3% in Canada compared to just 8.4% in Sweden. OECD countries such
as Canada and Sweden are exposed to broadly comparable forces of "structural" change, such as exposure to international trade and investment flows
and to rapid technological change, but differ significantly in terms of labour market institutions. This suggests that institutions such as collective
bargaining can have significant impacts on the quality of jobs as well as on the level of inequality between wage earners.
As the OECD notes, a major explanation for large differences between countries is labour market institutions: "different institutional settings with
regard to wage bargaining, legal minimum wages and the generosity of unemployment and other related benefits appear to account for some of the
wide variation across countries in the over all incidence of low pay." More specifically, it was established in the OECD analysis that there is a high
and negative correlation between collective bargaining coverage and the incidence of low pay. Similarly, a major set of Canada–U.S. comparative
studies has showed that labour

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