Factors Influencing The International Expansion Of...

Factors Influencing The International Expansion Of...
As discussed earlier, research on the internationalisation of Nigerian firm's is still under–explored and scant in the literature. In fact, few studies have
research internationalisation phenomenon have studied it on the perspective of the banking sector (Amungo in Adeleye, White, & Boso, 2016, pp.
69–91), "examining the factors influencing the international expansion of Nigerian banks" finds that Nigerian banks internationalisation is influenced
by home country regulations and the domestic competitive pressure, managerial intentionality and risk diversification. Similarly, Boojihawon and
Acholonu (2013) on the study of "the internationalisation of African banks" shows that the consolidation and recapitalization program in the banking
sector 2004 motives Nigerian banks embark on foreign expansion. This is an indication that SSA firms deserves a focus in the international business
research, because of the region diversity in terms of resources, political systems, cultural diversity and economic structures (Initiative for Global
Development and Dalberg Global Development, 2011).
As a result this study focus is on the motivation and patterns of Nigerian firm's internationalisation. The open economic policies adopted in Nigeria in
the early 2000,s created an opportunity for the Nigerian firms to emerge as large domestic firms to embark and become a regional player. This also
strengthened the firms' abilities to expand their operations beyond Nigeria, especially in the
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The Republic Of Botswan A Country With A Fairy Tale...
The Republic of Botswana is a country with a fairy tale success story. It began as an independent country that was one of the poorest in the world, and
built itself up to be an African success story. It is a landlocked country, which most often means its fate is left in the hands of the surrounding countries.
Botswana built a very successful diamond mining empire as well as a cattle industry, and has grown into a successful middle–income country.
The Republic of Botswana is considered to be one of the most established countries in Africa (BBC News, 2016). Surrounded by Namibia,
Zimbabwe, South Africa, Zambia, and Angola, it is a landlocked country in the southern part of Africa, below the equator. The capital is Gaborone,
and the current population of the Republic of Botswana is around two million, with an area of 224,607 square miles, and is known as one of Africa's
most popular tourist destinations. Eighty percent of the country is the Kalahari Desert, and it only receives about 500 mm of rain per year. English is
the official language, but Setswana is also a major language spoken throughout the country. Christianity and other indigenous beliefs are popular
religions in the country (BBC News, 2016).
In 1966, the Republic of Botswana gained independence, and elected Seretse Khama as its first president. Khama was a chief of the Bangwato tribe of
north Botswana, but he maintained a balance while leading the country, and appointed government officials that would help

Sociocultural Vulnerabilities On The Transmission Of The...
Sociocultural Vulnerabilities on the Transmission of the HIV/AIDS in South Africa
The HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa has been largely driven by the distinctive interaction of sex, gender, and power relations. Cultural norms
regarding gender dynamics are a critical area of inquiry when it comes to understanding the course of HIV/AIDS in rural South Africa. Many of the key
questions on the intersection of biological and cultural factors in the transmissibility of HIV can only be answered through anthropological knowledge,
insight, and research. The degree to which the epidemic in South Africa is spread through customs and practices are critical concerns for the health
sector, which a biocultural anthropological perspective is uniquely ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This allowed those who did not belong to these "high risk" groups to imagine that they were immune from infection. Minorities on the margin of
society were often blamed for the spread of the disease (Feldman 48). Those who were infected were believed to be the victims of their own immoral
behavior. These perceptions added to the stigma attached to AIDS. The South African government neglected the topic until the epidemic had spiraled
out of control. But by 1989, it was clear that the AIDS epidemic in South Africa was mainly heterosexually transmitted (Feldman 29). The disease now
overwhelmingly affects poor heterosexuals.
In severity, however, South Africa's story of HIV and AIDS is unique even in Africa. It remains the country with the largest AIDS epidemic in the
world. South Africa is home to the greatest number of HIV–positive people in the world, totaling over 5.7 million in 2007 (UNAIDS 40). But why was
South Africa hit so hard when other countries came away comparatively unscathed? The answers can be found by examining South Africa's social
structure, looking at issues in traditional society such as gender inequity, polygamy, promiscuity, condom use, dry sex, widow inheritance, rape, and
women's societal role. When we consider these issues and customs that keep African women powerless, we begin to realize why these causes
represent well more than half of all cases of HIV transmission, and why factoring culture into the equation is so vital (Biakolo 43).

The Internationalisation Process Of Emerging Market...
The study of the internationalisation process of emerging market multinationals (EMNCs) has gained prominence in the last two decades. This is as a
result of the economic growth and transformation witnessed among the emerging markets (EM) and the growth of EMNCs. The internationalisation
phenomenon has resulted in a surge of interest from international business (IB) scholars (Athreye & Kapur, 2009; Hoskisson, Eden, Lau, & Wright,
2000; Hoskisson, Wright, Filatotchev, & Peng, 2013; Jormanainen & Koveshnikov, 2012). A critical observation of extant literature shows, however,
that Asia and Latin America has dominated the study of EMNCs internationalisation for many years (Child & Rodrigues, 2005; Cyrino, Barcellos, &
Tanure, 2010; Eren–Erdogmus, Cobanoglu, YalcД±n, & Ghauri, 2010; Fortanier & Tulder, 2009; Olaya, Olaya, & CuГ©ter, 2012; Sim, 2005) and
Bianchi, (2014). Sub–Saharan Africa (SSA) firms have also emerged as high profile multinationals increasingly engaged in foreign expansion especially
across the region. Such firms for examples include MTN, First Bank of Nigeria, Eco bank of Senegal, Dangote, ShopRite, Equity Group holdings,
Globalcom, SABMiller of South Africa, InterSwitch and Computer Warehouse Group to mention a few. These multinationals are emerging across
different sectors, taking advantage of their home country business environment to internationalise (Initiative for Global Development and Dalberg
Global Development, 2011; William, 2013). However, emerging SSA

Case Study Of Virgin Active
Three levels of strategy relevant to Virgin Active: 1. CORPORATE STRATEGY Corporate mission: Virgin Active is currently in the business of
Health and Fitness. "Virgin Active's mission is to bring positive change to people's lives, because life's more fun when you move" (Virgin.com)
Corporate Goals & Objectives: Making fitness a lifestyle choice. Providing the most innovative and up to date; equipment and classes. Hiring trainers
with the highest level of expertise. Getting the whole family involved in fitness. Creating a worldwide focus on health and well–being. Keeping up to
date with all the latest industry trends. Corporate Development Strategies: Include partnerships with; 1) Medical Aid Schemes (Discovery Vitality,
Momentum Multiply,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sales team working on a sound commission basis for obtaining new customers. Operations strategy and plans: Analysis of the customers' needs in order
to provide a high quality service, cutting edge equipment and expertise. Ensuring that the "day–to–day' functions of the business run smoothly (HR,
Finance, IT, Marketing etc.) This goes hand in hand with the HR Strategy ensuring that the correct people are employed and continued training and
development is done. Operations and strategy must work together in order for the business to run successfully. Conclusion: Virgin Active have
effective and robust marketing strategies in place and have created a sense of trust and loyalty for its consumers. They are arguably the leaders in the
health and fitness industry and have created a sound brand which is known world–wide. Virgin Active continues to grow, develop and maintain their
objectives of being innovative and keeping up with industry trends as well as maintaining their focus on customer satisfaction. Effective use of
partnerships which are well aligned with the brand and its

Import And Local Production Of Cement Importation
Source: CMAN In spite of the local production, cement importation has been high over the years because of the out–dated manufacturing technology,
high–interest rates and exchange rate fluctuations. These factors have contributed to the manufacturing overhead both in terms of the high cost of raw
materials and other inputs in the manufacturing and distribution process. Also, the easy access and low cost of acquiring an import license in
comparison with difficulty in import license acquisition for manufacturing equipment spare parts also discouraged local manufacturing (Mojekwu,
Idowu, & Sode, 2013). See table below for the import and local manufacturing trend over time Table 3: Cement imports and local production
1986–2011 As seen from... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other incentives under the BIP included a VAT and import duty waiver on cement production equipment (Elijah, 2014). The next section discusses
Alpha's background and its domestic expansion process 2.3Alpha Background and Domestic Expansion Process 2.3.1Early and Formative Years
Alpha is a fully integrated cement manufacturing company with Headquarters in Nigeria and subsidiaries in 16 African countries and Nepal where
production is proposed to start in 2018. The company's business operations span all business sectors and the most expansive of it is cement
manufacturing which is the focus of this study. The firm was established as a one man trading business in 1981 specialising in commodity trading with
a focus on varieties of products ranging from consumable commodities such as rice, flour, sugar, fish and later cement. The internationalisation process
of Alpha could be grouped into three distinct stages, the early and formative years 1981–1999, the rapid domestic expansion Years 2000–2012 and the
internationalisation period from 2012 – present. The years between 1981 and 1999 are regarded as the formative years of the business because it was
the period in which the firm evolved and expanded as a large trading firm. It was also the period in which the firm diversified and ventured into bulk
cement importation, a division that was incorporated in 1992. The entrepreneurial ability of the owner transformed Alpha to become the

Banks in India
Nationalisation of Banks
Despite the provisions, control and regulations of Reserve Bank of India, banks in India except the State Bank of India or SBI, continued to be owned
and operated by private persons. By the 1960s, the Indian banking industry had become an important tool to facilitate the development of the Indian
economy. At the same time, it had emerged as a large employer, and a debate had ensued about the nationalization of the banking industry. Indira
Gandhi, then Prime Minister of India, expressed the intention of the Government of India in the annual conference of the All India Congress Meeting
in a paper entitled "Stray thoughts on Bank Nationalisation."[2] The meeting received the paper with enthusiasm.
Thereafter, her ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One may also expect M&As, takeovers, and asset sales.
In March 2006, the Reserve Bank of India allowed Warburg Pincus to increase its stake in Kotak Mahindra Bank (a private sector bank) to 10%.
This is the first time an investor has been allowed to hold more than 5% in a private sector bank since the RBI announced norms in 2005 that any
stake exceeding 5% in the private sector banks would need to be vetted by them.
In recent years critics have charged that the non–government owned banks are too aggressive in their loan recovery efforts in connection with
housing, vehicle and personal loans. There are press reports that the banks' loan recovery efforts have driven defaulting borrowers to suicide
List of Nationalised Banks
1.Allahabad Bank
2.Andhra Bank
3.Bank of Baroda
4.Bank of India
5.Bank of Maharashtra
6.Canara Bank
7.Central Bank of India
8.Corporation Bank
9.Dena Bank
10.IDBI Bank
11.Indian Bank
12.Indian Overseas Bank

13.Oriental Bank of Commerce
14.Punjab and Sind Bank
15.Punjab National Bank
16.Repco Bank
17.State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur
18.State Bank of Hyderabad
19.State Bank of India
20.State Bank of Mysore
21.State Bank of Patiala
22.State Bank of Travancore
23.Syndicate Bank
24.UCO Bank
25.Union Bank of India
26.United Bank of India
27.Vijaya Bank
List of New

The Importance of the Doctrine of Separation Powers to...
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 202 ASSIGNMENT
NAME: GAONE K KEOBATILE
ID NUMBER: 200902722
LECTURE: MR SELEKE
DUE DATE: 7/3/11
QUESTION 1...DISCUSS THE SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPORTANCE OF THE DOCTRINE OF SEPARATION OF POWERS TO BOTSWANA'S
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PRACTICES
INTRODUCTION
All around the world there is need to achieve and maintain peace in the governing of the state. So in order to reinforce this there is the practice of the
doctrine of separation of powers in different nations. So this essay is set out to explain in detail the history of the doctrine from where it all started and
how it came to be practiced in Botswana. Of course the separation of powers ensures the efficient way of running a country but will it manage ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
THE JUDICIARY–It is given the power to interpret laws thus it has the following checks over the executive; once the judges are appointed for ;life
they are free from the control of the executive branch and determines whether the law is unconstitutional or not. Checks over the legislative branch,
courts can judge legislative acts to be unconstitutional.
Then the question arises,since when the roles of the organs of the government are summed up its mostly making the policies and laws for the
citizens,who implements them?this takes us to the public administrators.
DIFINATION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND ITS ORGANISATION
In order to understand a concept take it bit by bit, therefore before understanding public administration (PAD), administration has to be understood first.
According to Heywood (2002:363)administration generally means the task of coordinating and executing policies, it implies assisting or serving others.
All civil servants are involved in administration. He goes on to say Public Administration refers to the mechanisms and institutions through which
public policies are put into effect.

Also according to McLean (2009:440) PAD denotes the institutions of public bureaucracy within a state this is the organisational structures which form
the basis of public decision–making and implementation and the arrangement by which public service are delivered.
So to my understanding Public Administration is all about the civil servants

Segmentation of Budweiser
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study
The use, acceptance, adoption and application of internet technology to businesses to boast their performances are not something new. Saffu et al.,
(2008), states that there has been a significant increase in the use and application of e–commerce in businesses in the past decade. E–commerce has
benefits such as reduction in costs, increased business opportunities, reduced lead time and providing more personalized service to the customers
(Turban et al., 2008). Internet banking or e–banking is one of the many tools of e–commerce adopted by the banking industry. Tools of information
technology such as internet banking have significantly improved the quality of services offered by the banking ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The objectives of this research are as follows: 1. To identify the key factors affecting the decision to adopt Internet banking system inBotswana. 2. To
examine whether socioeconomic influences the decision to adopt Internet banking in Botswana. 3. To identify the most significant factor that affect the
decision to adopt Internet banking in Botswana.
1.4 Definition of Terms
Internet Banking (Internet banking): Computerized service that allows a bank's customers to get Internet with the bank via internet or telephone lines to
view the status of their account(s) and transaction history. It usually also allows them to transfer funds, pay bills, request check books and so on
(Business dictionary., 2011)
Internet: Global network of networks using universal standards to connect millions of different networks (Kenneth C Laudon and Jane P Laudon., 2010).
Information Technology (IT): The hardware and software technologies a firm needs to achieve its business objectives (Kenneth C Laudon and Jane P
Laudon., 2010).
Information System Literacy: Broad–based understanding of information systems that includes behavioral knowledge about organizations and
individuals using information systems as well as technical knowledge about computers (Kenneth C Laudon and Jane P Laudon., 2010).
Adoption: The ability to accept and be willing to use.
Privacy: The claim of individuals to be left

Roger Nelson Case
Things are looking up. Roger Nelson felt euphoria from the reversal in fortunes his new job offered. The job seemed a good fit–comporting to skills
honed in the military–for him. Among the perks was a trip to MazatlГЎn. More gratifying, he had come into some disposable income. Margarita Mason
paid the bill for his plane ticket and hotel accommodations. For equipment to do his job, he didn't have to worry: He could procure whatever items he
needed–for the right amount bucks, of course. Roger's focus remained his head, which despite healing throbbed even with the painkiller medication he
was on. With each bout of pain, he remembered the foxholes and trenches in Iraq and the poor–wood, grass, cattle–dung, and corrugated tin
roof–homes in the Mogadishu... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In fact, the more he trained his thoughts on Fantaye the more new images came flooding in, revealing her persona–life, relationships, and family. It was
as if his brain responded with alacrity to anything he really focused on. He had the ability to tune out everything else from the focus of his
concentration. But it was not solely Fantaye's life captured by Roger's brain, images of Juan Carlos Espinosa also took occupancy there. He happened
to be the male flight attendant nearby. He was sporting a tie; the blazer he wore hardly covered the bulge in the mid–section. Roger was appalled this
man's private life wasn't an uplifting one, so he tuned him out. Wow, I don't read their minds. I just sort of know what happened. How the hell is

The Full Cupboard of Life Essay
The Full Cupboard of Life is the fifth book in a delightful series of books by Alexander McCall Smith. The series started with The No.1 Ladies
Detective Agency. Situated in Botswana, a country where the traditional values are slowly diminishing but life, as a whole rolls on. There are three
main characters in the book; Mma Ramotswe, Mr J.L.B. Matekoni and Mma Makutsi. Mma Ramotswe is the star of the series and Botswana's No.1
Lady Detective. She started her agency after her father Obed Ramotswe, who was a good man and knew cattle like no other, died and left her the
herd. She sold most of the cattle which enabled Mma Ramotswe to buy a house in Zebra drive and start her 'world famous' No.1 Ladies detective
agency. Mma Ramotswe was in... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She has now been promoted to assitant detective no less. Mma Ramotswe had a brief an unhappy marriage to Note some years ago but she has
largely put that behind her and is engaged to Mr J.L.B. Matekoni...mind you it has been a very long engagement. Mr J.L.B. Matekoni is the
propietor of Tlokweng Speedy Motors. The Name refers to the speed with which clients have their cars returned rather than the speed at which the
cars are made to go; but try explaining that to the apprentices. The characters are all very gentle, have strong morals and have a 'relaxed' attitude to
the days work....getting to 10 o'clock wihout a good cup of Bush Tea is very hard. Mma Ramotswe has a good deal of common sense and cunning
and uses her intuition and ability to read people to solve many of her cases. Mma Makutsi is a loyal friend and companion who is very organised
(they taught her to make plans at the college...and did I tell you she scored 97%)and is a perfect addition to the offices of the No1 Ladies Detective
Agency. Mr.J.L.B. Matekoni is someone who really understands cars, they talk to him, they sing to him and he cares for them. His two apprentices do
not 'understand' cars and it frustrates him no end. The main characters fit well together and their lives gently intertwine as they live their life in
Gabarone. The pace is slow but for the 'traditionally built' Mma Ramotswe that suits. There should always be time to sit under the acacia tree and look
out on

Botswana's Economy Depends on Diamond Mining
1.INTRODUCTION
It is a well–known fact that Botswana's economy is based on mineral resources especially diamonds. As such since the 2008 economic meltdown, the
diamond market has not thrived as well as it used to, prompting the Government of Botswana to come up with ways of diversifying the economy and
reducing reliance on the mining sector. The main challenge for the country now is how to diversify its economy and reduce heavy reliance on diamond
revenue. Therefore in 2010 the Economic Diversification Drive was borne in an effort to come up with ways of diversifying the country's economy.
According to the Economic Diversification Drive Strategy of Botswana, "Economic diversification means diversifying a country's sources of economic
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The country should also promote the development of industries. These are able to employ a lot of people. In addition, the government should make it
easy for industries and the private sector to obtain funding.
2.2DEVELOP THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR
Botswana imports most of its food from other countries. In order to diversify the country should cut down its import bill on food and start producing
its own and maybe be able to export to other countries as well. Also Agriculture is a labour intensive and it creates a lot of jobs. Job creating sectors
are important for the development of the country as well as the development of the economy. Most farmers in Botswana cannot access funding and
therefore they do not have working capital even if they do have the machinery and other inputs for farming. The country should have food security and
be self–sustaining.
2.3GOVERNANCE
United Nations OSAA (2011) asserts that "good governance is a pre–requisite in building an enabling environment for economic diversification." The
Government has to set up and establish favourable regulatory frameworks that encourage economic activity and to ensure a healthy business climate in
the country. In the case of Botswana, the country has a lot of policies that should be supporting the diversification strategy of the country. Unfortunately
most of these policies are run parallel even though they are supposed to be complementing each other. Also the turnaround

Policy And Institutional Frameworks On Vegetable Seed...
Policy and institutional frameworks impacting on vegetable seed production and distribution systems in Cameroon
Abstract:
This study assessed policy and institutional frameworks impacting on vegetable seed production and distribution systems in Cameroon in order to
establish benchmark indicators for successful integration and/or diversification of vegetables into existing cocoa–based farming systems in the humid
tropics of Cameroon. Results reveal that official regulations and other policy instruments necessary to boost the vegetable seed sector in Cameroon do
exist, but need to be re–formulated into more concrete and implementable actions on the ground. The study identified and characterized two main
vegetable seed supply systems namely: the dominant informal system dealing mainly with traditional vegetable species such as Amaranthus spp
(amaranth) and the formal seed supply system characterised by mostly by the production and sale of globally important vegetable seed such as
Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage). The major constraints observed in the vegetable seed sub–sector include the inadaptability of legal
instruments to the vegetable seed sector, absence of effective storage conditions, absence of seed testing facilities, poor knowledge on seed production
and processing and the heterogeneity of seeds. Consequently, farmers are obliged to fall back to unimproved seeds to the detriment of agricultural
yields.
Key words: Legal instruments, policy framework,

Gender Differences in Communication In The Workplace Essay
During spring and summer of 201 I underwent a six month internship in the information services department of a major company in my country
Botswana. The company , Botswana power corporation is the sole producer and distributor of electricity in Botswana. As a company with branches all
over the country it is easy to understand why communication would be crucial to the day to day operations of this company as a whole. For the sake of
clarity however I'm going to limit the focus of this paper to the Information servives departmentin which I worked.
My internship position was at the companies head office in Gaborone .As intern it did not take me long to realize that almost all the departments needed
the services of the IS department in one ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The only time when the all the staff members got together was during the weekly meeting in the managers office.The meeting was held with members
sitting in around a round table ,so that the group members could freely themselves verbally and non verbally.The atmosphere was usually
relaxed(except during emergency meetings)with drinks and snacks being served.It was during these meetings that projectscheduling, recurring
problems and internal matters were disciussed.The meeting as was the office ws run democratic manner.All members of the group was encouraged to
offer their input.When there was disagreement over a certain issue it was often put to the vote. As an intern these meetings were the highlight of the
week because of the many brilliant ideas that were born from the brainstorming sessions that often went on during them.Group think was to a large part
avoided by the fact that we all knew that the manager door was

International Trade Law Flexibilities And Their Utilization
3.International Trade Law Flexibilities and their Utilization in Africa
Thirty–nine African states are in the WTO. These states have the duty to comply with the WTO treaties, which among others includes the TRIPS
Agreement. The Agreement requires states to respect the rights of patent holders over their products. Accordingly, only thepatent owner has an
exclusive right to make, use, to offer for sale, sell, or import the product. Nevertheless, amendments to the TRIPS Agreement issued exceptions that
favor the public health needs of least developed countries. Among the thirty–nine WTO member states from Africa twenty–four are direct beneficiaries
of these flexibilities as they are included in the Least Developed Country list of the UN. Four of the exceptions to the TRIPS Agreement and their use
in Africa are discussed below.
3.1.Compulsory License
As per the main TRIPS Agreement the government of the country where the patent is registered was allowed to authorize the supply of the product
only for domestic market without the consent of the patent owner. Amendment to the TRIPS agreement introduced the compulsory license exception,
which allows countries to allow production and sale of patented pharmaceutical products to least developed countries, and to countries that requested
the application of compulsory license exception, without the patent holder's consent.
Utilization of compulsory license requires proper regulation and planning from governments of both

Ecological School: Ecological School
CHICAGO SCHOOL
Chicago school (also known as ecological school) is the name given to specific group of sociologists from the University of Chicago during the
1920's and 1930's, conducting a research based on the city of Chicago as the social laboratory (Tierney, 2006, p. 89). The school of Chicago was
developed at the time when the city of Chicago was experiencing a rapid social change with the rapid increase of population due to immigration and the
puling factors within the city. These changes caused problems such as poverty housing and after all the strain to institutions.
Behind the School of Chicago was one Robert Park an ex–journalist who studied sociology in Germany and was involved in juvenile delinquency at his
younger ages (Tierney, 2006, p. 90). Together with his colleague, Ernest Burgess, they were concerned with how the city of Chicago will stay stable in
relation to these changes. Park suggested that in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Similar to Park and Burgess who were interested in knowing how the city affects criminal behavior, Shaw and McKay also wanted to know how the
social forces influence crime. They used Burgess's model of Concentric Zone to investigate the relationship in crime rates and delinquency in the
different zones of the city. They came with the same conclusion as of Park and Burgess that areas located near the CBD were experiencing high
disorganization and were also experiencing high delinquency (Shaw & McKay, 1942). They extended the explanation offered Park and Burgess of
ecological theory by introducing their theory of cultural transmission. The argued that delinquent values were established in criminal areas and were
then passed on to new generation of youngsters (Tierney, 2006, p. 92). They suggested that this was due to the absence of strong enforced norms from
institutions such as the family and the

De Beers Environmental Impacts
Unit Title:Communication in Business 100
Assessment:Critical Essay
Company:De Beers
Essay Title:Corporate Environmental Obligation: An examination of the performance of De Beers
Student Name:Arkar Kyaw @ Kevin
Student Number:1160001
Semester:1 2011
Campus:Bentley
Tutor:Simon Teoh
Corporate Environmental Obligation: An examination of the performance of De Beers
Nowadays, diamonds are one of the most precious luxury items where people are purchasing for large sums of money without knowing the facts that the
mining industries are affecting the natural environments around them. As more people are purchasing the diamonds, the more diamonds are produced
from the factories and more negative ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both electricity and hydrocarbons are one of the causes of global warming and climate change releasing the carbon gas into the air. The ozone layer has
become thinner and thinner because of this incident happens. The people who are living in that surrounding can also affect by these carbon emissions
which is totally harmful to their health and environment. Diamond mines can also be compared to large industrial operation because both are affecting
the natural environment and wasting the same amount of natural resources including oil, paper, scrap metal, batteries, tires and small quantity of
plastic and glass.

Lastly, humans are posing a threat not only to the existence of different kinds of plants and animals, but also from humans to even farm animals and
crops. From Canada to Africa, the diamond mining exists in a wide variety of environments across the world. In recent news, De Beers is proposing a
new diamond mine in the Northwest Territories of Yellowknife, Canada which causes the caribou herds (De Beers' mine plans 2011) to head other
directions farther away from their common migration routes. Chief Antoine Michel interviewed with the CBC News saying that the key reason why
the caribou herds are migrating is definitely because of the noise created by the trucks drilling and exploring the diamonds.
The case for De Beers
On the contrary, De Beers hosted the 2007 Annual

Mrsa Case Study
DISCUSSION In the present study a total of 270 personnel screened for microorganisms and MRSA carriage. From these personnel 91(33.7%)
Dentists, 89(32.9%) Nursing staff and 90(33.3%) were patients. Among 270 DHCPs screened, thirty were positive for MRSA either in nose or
hands giving a carriage rate of 11.1%. The proportion of personnel with nasal carriage of MRSA was higher (14.7%) than hand carriage (9.3%) this
result agreed with that of Kalyani et al. (2012) where personnel carriage of nasal isolates were higher than hands carriage rate. In the present study, we
found a higher proportion of MRSA hand carriage among the dental nurses (3.3%) and patients (3.3%) when compared to dentist (2.7%) this was in
line with the Indian study by... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
29.2% (43/147) followed by Staphylococcus aureus. 24.4% (36/147), Bacillus sp. 21.7% (32/147) and Enterococcus sp. 4.1% (6/145) while the
most prevalent Gram negative microorganism isolated were Klebsiella sp. 13.6%(20/147) followed by Pseudomonas sp. 2.7% (4/147) and
Escherichia coli 0.68%(1/147), also Candida sp. was isolated from the personnel hands with incidence 3.4% of (5/147). These results were
consistent with the study of Giuseppe et al. (2013) who found that coagulase negative Staphylococcus sp. was the most prevalent microorganisms in
the dental personnel hands and he also isolated Enterococcus sp. and Escherichia coli with incidence 7.5% for each. Macrolides are used for the
treatment of respiratory tract infections or as an alternative to penicillin in patients who are allergic to that antibiotic (Pickering, 2000). During the
last two decades there have been increases in the levels of resistance to erythromycin among clinical as well as commensal isolates, and these
increases correlate with the increased use of this class of antibiotics (Reinert et al., 2002 and Weber et al., 2001). The oral cavity is one of the most
densely colonized environments in humans. It has already been shown that the cultivable oral bacteria are an important reservoir for different
erythromycin resistance genes (Villedieu et al., 2003). The interchange of resistance genes between

Advantage And Benefits Of Coaching
One way or another, we've all gone through coaching, whether we knew it at that time or not, or you might have used coaching to improve a person's
performance, without even knowing it as well. It's a valuable way of developing people's skills, abilities and boosting performance. It can also assist
curbing issues or challenges beforehand. Acoaching session typically takes place as a two–way conversation between the coach and the coachee and
focuses on helping the coachee discover answers for themselves. It's impressive that at OBW, coaching is considered to be a positive and proven
approach for helping others explore their goals and ambitions, and then finally achieve them.
"'Coaching relates primarily to performance improvement (often short–term) in a specific skills area. The goals, or at least the intermediate or
sub–goals, are typically set withor at the suggestion of the coach. While the learner has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both coach and coachee need to agree on the ultimate goal, be it restoring interactions across organizational boundaries or any other issue that may
arise in the organisation and unfortunately, few people in need of coaching exhibit only one worrying behaviour at a time.
Any plan of action for easing problems must be precise to certain behaviour; however lasting change also requires the coachee to reflect on their own
actions and to learn from them. When developing a plan of action with a coachee, do not create a to–do list with boxes to check off. Instead, create
together a considerate program that boosts

Evaluation Of A Project Management ( Apm ) Essay
A project is a temporary organization that is created for the purpose of delivering one or more business product in accordance to an agreed business
case (PRINCE2 2005). However, this definition doesn't seem to elaborate on all the principles and numerous factors, which define a project as
compared to Association for Project Management (APM). APM defines a project as an endeavor in which, human materials and financial resources
are organized in a novel. Therefore, being able to deliver a unique scope of work of given specification often within constraints of cost and time, in
order to achieve beneficial changes which is defined by quantitative and qualitative objectives. It's common for a project to be mistaken for an
operation or vise verse. Though, the difference between these two subject/principles is highly distinctive. George D (2000) states that an operation is a
permanent or ongoing execution of activities, which produces repetitive results, the results maybe in a form of a product or service. An operation
usually has the same resources, same tasks and a standard output expectation.
For example, a construction company might embark on a project to purchase two heavy–duty dumb trucks to help transport materials on sites. This
project will have a start date and a fixed finish date. The project manager will set dates for the duration it will take to collect finances, with the help
from the finance office, when to make transactions and if the is training required for

Local Water Management
Humphrey, J (2009).Child under nutrition, tropical enteropathy, toilets and hand washing. The Lancet, 374 (9694), pp 1032–1035
Iyer, R (2002) "Water– Related Conflicts: Factors, Aspects, Issues" in Mekenkamp, M., van Tongeren, P and van de Veen, H, Searching for Peace in
Central and South Asia. Boulder, CO: Lynner Rienner Publishers, pp.136–163.
Janakarajan, S (2002) Conflicts over the Invisible Resources: Is there a Way Out? In Moench, M., Caspari, E and Ajay, D (eds) Rethinking the Mosaic:
Investigations into Local Water Management. Published by NWCF and ISET (USA), 1999
Kabir, M, D., Rahman, A., Salway, S, and Pryer, J (2000) "Sickness among the Urban Poor; A Barrier to Livelihood Security'' Journal of International
Development.12 (5): 707–72
Kazaara, J. T (2006) Challenges in Housing the poor in Jamaica. The case of squatters. Jamaica.
Kimani, E. W and Ngindu A M (2007) "Quality of water the Slum Dwellers Use. The case of a Kenyan Slums." Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of
the New York Academy of Medicine.
Kjellstrom, T., Friel, S., Dixon, J., Corvalan, C., Rehfuess, E., Camphell– Lendrum, D., Gore, F and Bartram, J (2007) "Urban Environmental Health
Hazards and Health Equity'' Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine vol, 84(s1) pp. 86
–197
Kjellstrom, T., Callahan, M, A and Bryman, E. F (1995) Framework for the development of environmental health indicators. World Health Stat Q 1995;
48: 144–154
Kitwe City Council (2010) Environmental

Essay On Academic Procrastination
Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education, 2007, 3(4), 363–370
Correlates of Academic Procrastination and Mathematics Achievement of University Undergraduate Students
Mojeed Kolawole Akinsola
University of Botswana, Gaborone, BOTSWANA
Adedeji Tella
Osun State College of Education; Ila–Orangun, NIGERIA
Adeyinka Tella
University of Botswana, Gaborone, BOTSWANA
Received 3 November 2006; accepted 19 April 2007
Procrastination is now a common phenomenon among students particularly those at the higher level. And this is doing more harm to their academic
achievement than good. Therefore, this study examined the correlates between academic procrastination and mathematics achievement among the
university mathematics ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is confirmed by the observation by (Ferrari and Beck, 1998) that over 70% of college students engaged in frequent academic procrastination, most
commonly with writing term papers. Procrastination is probably the single most common time management problem (Learning Common Fastfacts
Series, 2004). One basic thing about procrastination is that everyone procrastinates to some extent. However, some reasons can be put forward why
university students rank highly among those mostly vulnerable to procrastination (Learning Commons Fastfacts Series, 2004). The reasons according
to this group are: (i) there is always a tremendous amount of work to do. Regardless of how much time the students spend studying, it can seem
impossible to get finished; (ii) for most students, only a few hours each day are spent in class and labs. The majority of time is unstructured, and
students are responsible for deciding what to do and when to do it; and (iii) in the university environment, particularly in residence, there is usually
something more enjoyable to do than studying. Many activities compete for a limited number of hours in a week, and studying is often pushed to the
bottom of the list. It also recognized that many mathematics students refer to the subjects as being difficult. And the (Learning Commons Fastfacts
Series, 2004) have already asserts that procrastination often results

Essay on Botswana
Botswana
(1)The people of Botswana are presently torn between the survival of its ancestors' cultural traditions and the growth of an optimistic republic. Within
this study, the characteristics of Batswana's lifestyles from the past, their present conditions, and outlooks upon the country's future will be discussed.
Botswana was born a country of flourishing diversity. It was a land inhabited by nomadic Bushmen (also known as San or Basarwa) and countless
numbers of different tribes, who coexisted peaceably with one another. These people of ancient times lived contentedly through the land's provisions of
plants and abundant species of animals and through prosperous trade with each other.
Today, this simpleway of life ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In accordance with environment and society, how human actions modify the physical environment will be viewed through the effects of the different
lifestyles, in the past and present, of Batswana upon Botswana's land, wildlife, and resources. How physical systems affect human systems will be
explained in many aspects through the estate of Botswana's ecosystems immensely, or variably, impacting the lives of Batswana and vice versa. Finally,
the changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources will be perceived through people's various actions partaking of
the country's provisions and the different values that a person holds depending upon their background in relation to Botswana.
(3) Botswana is a landlocked country, which is bordered immediately south by South Africa, north and west by Namibia, north and east by Zimbabwe,
and is connected by a narrow strip of land on its northern border to Zambia. On Botswana's northwestern border, Namibia's Caprivi Strip separates
Botswana from Angola (Angola is Zambia's western border) (5). The majority of Botswana's population, about 80% or four–fifths, is concentrated in a
fifth of the country's territory, which is a narrow, arable strip beside the easternmost Limpopo River (7, p.75). Only about 1% of

The Antioxidant Status And Antimicrobial Activity Of The...
An evaluation of the antioxidant status and antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract of Ocimum gratissimum.
Sajini Souda1*, George Saramma1, Irene Goercke2, Kelvin Chabaesele3,Naledi Mannathoko1.
1.Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
2.School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
3.Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
*Corresponding author E–mail address: sajini.souda@mopipi.ub.bw
ABSTRACT
Herbal drug therapy is regarded as an important alternative for the treatment of chronic and infectious disease. Ocimum gratissimum has been used
extensively in traditional medicine in many countries.The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant status and antimicrobial activity of the methanol
extract of Ocimum gratissimum (MEOG) and to establish that the antimicrobial activity is due to its antioxidant potentials.The total antioxidant status
was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS assays and the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent method to determine total phenolic content of the MEOG.The
antimicrobial effect was determined by agar diffusion and broth dilution method against different ATCC strains of pathogenicbacteria. Zones of
inhibition, minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined. The results indicate that the antioxidant
potential and antimicrobial activity of MEOG is mainly due to its total phenolic content

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