2. Module Three: Processes and Forces of
the Lithosphere
Examples of physical
weathering.
Frost action
temperature
organic activity
3dparks.wr.usgs.gov - 800 × 633 - Search by imageThe geologic story of the formation of the natural bridges is linked
to the physical weathering properties of the rocks, stream drainage pattern changes, etc.
3. A delta is:
Large amounts of sediments are deposited at the mouth of a river.
deltas.usgs.gov - 826 × 662 - Search by image
Satellite Image of the Mekong and Mississippi River Deltas The U.S.
Geological Survey is bringing its broad scientific understanding of the
Mississippi
4. 3 methods of controlling
erosion.
Terracing
Plant and Soil Sciences eLibraryplantandsoil.unl.edu - 800 × 571 - Search by
imageHillside contour strawberry farming in Monterey County, CA.
Strip cropping or contour farming
www.epa.gov - 285 × 203 - Search by imageContour Farming. Source: USDA - Natural
Resources Conservation Service
Drainage ditches
www.esa.org - 600 × 450 - Search by imageDitches at sites with heavy recreational fishing pressure.
5. Chemical weathering
Carbonation
Geology of National Parks3dparks.wr.usgs.gov - 800 × 596 - Search by imageIn the past, wind-blown
dust and soil probably filled the alcove to higher levels and chemical weathering associated with
shallow groundwater
plant acids
The Geologic Story of the Ocoee Riverpubs.usgs.gov - 378 × 233 - Search by imagePhotograph of
folded rock layers near Maddens Branch Folded rock layers near Maddens Branch. [Photograph by
David Usher, U.S. Geological Survey]
and oxidation
Mars & Iron Mountain | USGS California Water Science Centerca.water.usgs.gov - 625 × 468 -
Search by imageGossan is a rock consisting mostly of iron oxides formed by weathering of rock
originally greater than 50% iron sulfide (usually pyrite).
6. Causes of soil
mismanagement
Clearing vegetation, overuse of fertilizers,
pollution
7. The top layer of the soil
horizon
Organic
Earthquake Glossary - soil profileearthquake.usgs.gov - 261 × 372 -
Search by imageSoil profile in hills of Manisa Province, Turkey,
showing a distinct horizon of accumulated red-purple metallic
(manganese and/or iron?) oxides
8. Parent Rock
Determines what type of soil will be produced by
weathering
pubs.usgs.gov - 390 × 362 - Search by imageHA 730-N Hawaii Volcanic-rock aquifers,
Ground-Water Occurrence and Movemen
9. Module Four: Plate Tectonics,
MatchingV coolcasatnlioneess,, afonsds iEl eavritdheqnucaek, easnd
rock formations are all evidence for the
theory of Continental Drift
Which was first presented by Alfred
Wegener
NASA:
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fscience1.nasa.gov%2Fmedia%2Fmedialibrary%2F2002%2F01%2F25%2F28jan_extinction
_resources%2Fpangea_strip.jpg&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fscience1.nasa.gov%2Fscience-news%2Fscience-at-nasa%
2F2002%2F28jan_extinction%2F&h=180&w=475&tbnid=FfGsh6Kq8jfo6M%3A&zoom=1&docid=i4GY8XswmaDw4M&ei=CqM5U4O0K
KL50gH-xYDIDw&tbm=isch&ved=0CGEQhBwwBA&iact=rc&dur=4286&page=1&start=0&ndsp=6
www.rpdp.net - 284 × 218 - Search by imageFigure 12. Distribution of several plant and animal fossils found in the continents that formed
Interactive Earth game: click below.
http://kids.earth.nasa.gov/archive/pangaea/Pangaea_game.html
10.
11.
12. The Appalachian Mountains
are very old, and have
stopped growing.
Older mountains tend to have more rounded
tops due to erosion over a long time.
Below: Geology of National Parks3dparks.wr.usgs.gov - 432 × 613 - Search by
imageMap of the Appalachian Mountains region showing the extent of the
sedimentary and crystalline rock belts.
Right: energy.usgs.gov - 940 × 180 - Search by image Welcome to the Energy
Resources Program Website "Appalachian Coal" Area.
13. NASA - Why Isn't the Earth Perfect?www.nasa.gov - 330 × 204 - Search by imageThe
plates float on top of the hot layer of the Earth's mantle. Credit: NASA
Tectonic plate boundaries are:
14. The layers of the earth from
the center to the outside are
Inner Core
Outer Core
Mantle
Crust
Introduction to Physical Geology Syllabuswww.geol.umd.edu - 647 ×
648 - Search by imageCore: From 2880 km. to the center. Metallic -
primarily of nickel and iron. (There is an outer liquid core and a solid
inner core - same composition, different physical state.)
15. Mt. St. Helens is a
Strato volcano.
Strato volcanoes are explosive and blow the rock covering off in a
cloud of small fragments called ash.
Strato volcanoes are also called composite volcanoes, because they
build up layers of ash and lava.
Often before an eruption from a strato- volcano, earthquakes will
occur.
Earthquakes often give warnings. Small earthquakes that precede
(happen before) large earthquakes are called foreshocks.
vulcan.wr.usgs.gov - 600 × 406 - Search by image Image, click to enlarge:
MSH82_st_helens_plume_from_harrys_ridge_05-19-82.jpg. Plumes of steam, gas, and ash often occurred at Mount St.
Helens.
16. Volcanoes of Lewis and Clark - Mount St. Helens -
Summaryvulcan.wr.usgs.gov - 640 × 481 - Search by image
Mountains grow from
Folding
Fault Blocking, and
Volcanoes
17. Earth’s Mantle
An elastic layer of molten rock that has the
force to move the tectonic plates
USGS Geology in the
Parksgeomaps.wr.usgs.gov
18. The Lithosphere
Made of the Crust and Upper Mantle
The crust is where the action is. The entire
rock cycle takes place in the crust, from magma
pools deep below, to mountain peaks, high
above the surface.
Earthquakes, are often preceded by warning
trembling, called foreshocks.
www.eoearth.org - 750 × 463 - Search by imageFigure 3: Three types of plate
convergance resulting in subduction. (Image Source. US Gelogical Survey.)
