John Marshall: Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from 1801 to 1835

2.  Increase the powers of the national
government
 Expand authority of the S.C.
 Expand the powers of Congress
 Diminish the powers of the states
 Perpetuate the Federalist principle of
centralization of government.

3.  1. Marbury v.
Madison (1803)
gave the Court the
power of judicial
review.

4.  2. U.S. v. Peters
(1809) established
the Court's right to
coerce a state
legislature
 Coerce? What
does that mean?

5.  3. Fletcher v. Peck (1810) established the
principle that state laws were invalid
when in conflict with the Constitution

6.  4. Martin v. Hunter's Lessee (1816)
confirmed the Court's right to overrule a state
court
 The Court rejected the claim that Virginia
and the national government were equal
sovereigns.
 Reasoning from the Constitution, Justice
Story affirmed the Court's power to override
state courts to secure a uniform system of
law and to fulfill the mandate of the
Supremacy Clause.

7.  5. McCullough v. Maryland (1819) upheld the
right of Congress to charter a national bank,
thus putting into national law the doctrine of
implied powers
 Congress had the power to incorporate the
bank and that Maryland could not tax
instruments of the national government
employed in the execution of constitutional
powers.

8.  6. Dartmouth
College v.
Woodward (1819)
by forbidding the
state legislature to
alter the college
charter, established
the principle that
charters were
contracts which
could not be
impaired.

9.  7. Cohens v. Virginia (1821). States were no
longer sovereign in all respects since they had
ratified the Constitution. State courts must
submit to federal jurisdiction
 Chief Justice Marshall wrote that the Court was
bound to hear all cases that involved
constitutional questions, and that this jurisdiction
was not dependent on the identity of the parties
in the cases. Marshall argued that state laws and
constitutions, when repugnant to the Constitution
and federal laws, were "absolutely void."

10.  8. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) gave the
national government undisputed control over
interstate commerce by ruling invalid a
steamboat monopoly chartered by New York
state. This freed internal transportation from
state restraint.
 Marshall concluded that regulation of
navigation by steamboat operators and
others for purposes of conducting interstate
commerce was a power reserved to and
exercised by the Congress.

11.  9. Martin v. Mott (1827) denied a state the right
to withhold its militia from service
 “whenever the United States shall be invaded, or
be in imminent danger of invasion from any
foreign nation or Indian tribe, it shall be lawful for
the President of the United States to call forth
such number of the militia of the State or States
most convenient to the place of danger, or scene
of action, as he may judge necessary to repel
such invasion, and to issue his order for that
purpose to such officer or officers of the militia as
he shall think proper.”

12.  Established the primacy of federal
government over states in exercising control
of economy
 Opened the way for an increased federal role
in promoting economic growth
 Affirmed protection for corporations and
other private economic institutions from local
governmental interference. This allowed for
the growth of the new industrial capitalist
economy.