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![Copyright
(C)
2015
DeNA
Co.,Ltd.
All
Rights
Reserved.
Design philosophy of H2O
n Do it right, from the ground up
n design wins lead to higher performance with less
code
7
H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015)
$ wc picohttpparser.[hc]
596 2077 22192 picohttpparser.c
86 495 3363 picohttpparser.h
682 2572 25555 total
$ wc http_parser.[hc]
2434 7281 70424 http_parser.c
342 1567 12991 http_parser.h
2776 8848 83415 total](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/h2o-20150602-150603015312-lva1-app6892/75/H2O-making-the-Web-faster-7-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byKazuho Oku
H2O - making the Web faster
H2O is an innovative HTTP server developed by Dena Co., Ltd., debuting in late 2014 with support for HTTP/1 and HTTP/2, aimed at enhancing web performance and user experience. Key features include optimized configuration for HTTPS, state-of-the-art reverse proxy capabilities, and event-driven architecture designed for handling multiple connections concurrently. Benchmark tests demonstrate that H2O significantly improves first-paint times compared to traditional servers like Nginx, particularly when utilizing HTTP/2.
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H2O - making the Web faster
- 1. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. H2O making the Web faster DeNA Co., Ltd. Kazuho Oku 1
- 2. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Agenda n How H2O started n The Goal and Key Features n Improving User Experience with HTTP/2 2 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015)
- 3. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. How H2O Started 3 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015)
- 4. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. About H2O n H2O is a HTTP server ⁃ debut in late 2014 ⁃ supports HTTP/1 and HTTP/2 ⁃ known for its performance ⁃ developed by DeNA Co., Ltd. and contributors "H2O is a new blazingly fast HTTP server with http2 support that shows potential" – http2 explained by Daniel Stenberg 4 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015)
- 5. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Benchmark 5 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015)
- 6. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. PicoHTTPParser n originally written for HTTP::Parser::XS ⁃ the de-‐‑‒facto HTTP parser of Plack servers n the core of H2O 6 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015)
- 7. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Design philosophy of H2O n Do it right, from the ground up n design wins lead to higher performance with less code 7 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015) $ wc picohttpparser.[hc] 596 2077 22192 picohttpparser.c 86 495 3363 picohttpparser.h 682 2572 25555 total $ wc http_parser.[hc] 2434 7281 70424 http_parser.c 342 1567 12991 http_parser.h 2776 8848 83415 total
- 8. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. High-‐‑‒level architecture of H2O n event-‐‑‒driven ⁃ can handle many connections concurrently n multi-‐‑‒thread ⁃ states and upstream (reverse-‐‑‒proxy) connections are reused • impossible under a multi-‐‑‒process design n multi-‐‑‒protocol ⁃ designed for HTTP/2 and TLS 8 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015)
- 9. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. The Goal and Key Features 9 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015)
- 10. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. The goal of H2O is to provide... n better performance ⁃ demand for handling more requests: • IoT, micro-‐‑‒services, etc. n better user experience ⁃ faster content delivery using HTTP/2 n ease to use and configure ⁃ TLS (OCSP stapling, record size tuning, chacha20/poly1305, ...) ⁃ dynamic reconfiguration 10 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015)
- 11. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Key features of H2O n excellent protocol implementation ⁃ very fast HTTP/1 ⁃ one of the leading implementations of HTTP/2 n optimally configured for HTTPS ⁃ enabled by default: OCSP stapling, record size tuning, chacha20/poly1305, ... ⁃ bundles libressl (hopefully lesser security issues) n graceful restart and self upgrade via Server::Starter 11 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015)
- 12. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Key features of H2O (cont'd) n state-‐‑‒of-‐‑‒art reverse proxy ⁃ use of PicoHTTPParser leads to performance ⁃ reuses connections with a server-‐‑‒wide connection pool ⁃ X-‐‑‒Reproxy-‐‑‒URL support • can do both: backend-‐‑‒to-‐‑‒backend and backend-‐‑‒to-‐‑‒ local ⁃ DNS lookup • backend servers can be added / removed by updating DNS or /etc/hosts 12 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015)
- 13. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Improving User Experience with H2O & HTTP/2 13 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015)
- 14. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Issues of HTTP/1 fixed by HTTP/2 n head-‐‑‒of-‐‑‒line blocking ⁃ using multiple TCP connections had performance issues due to slow-‐‑‒start / too little concurrency n prioritized resource loading ⁃ load assets that block rendering (e.g. CSS, JS) before images 14 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015)
- 15. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Prioritization in HTTP/2 n weight-‐‑‒based and dependency-‐‑‒based ⁃ weight-‐‑‒based: 75% of bandwidth to A, 25% to B ⁃ dependency-‐‑‒based: send HTML after JavaScript n Firefox is known for its state-‐‑‒of-‐‑‒art protocol impl. ⁃ send CSS and JavaScript files in <HEAD> before HTML and/or image files ⁃ HTML is given 2.5x bandwidth above images n Chrome uses weight-‐‑‒based only ⁃ adapted from its SPDY implementation 15 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015)
- 16. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. The benchmark n test data: http2rulez.com ⁃ loads 5 CSS and 8 JavaScript files in <HEAD> • including minified jquery.js ⁃ loads 18 non-‐‑‒blocking asset files (e.g. images), both small and large n network is given 100ms latency ⁃ uses a virtual network to avoid noise n web browsers: Chrome 43 / Firefox 38 n servers: H2O 1.3.0-‐‑‒alpha1 / Nginx 1.9.1 ⁃ on Ubuntu 14.04 (on VMware fusion) 16 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015)
- 17. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Nginx (HTTP/1.1) + Chrome 17 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015) first-‐‑‒paint time: 1.83 seconds
- 18. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Nginx (SPDY/3.1) + Chrome 18 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015) first-‐‑‒paint time: 1.89 seconds
- 19. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. H2O (HTTP/2) + Chrome 19 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015) first-‐‑‒paint time: 1.87 seconds
- 20. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Why not faster with HTTP/2? n Because Chrome (does not) prioritize CSS / script files above images n upcoming version of H2O provides a configuration directive http2-‐‑‒reprioritize-‐‑‒blocking-‐‑‒assets to tackle the issue ⁃ when set to ON, the server sends CSS / scripts before anything else 20 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015)
- 21. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. H2O (HTTP/2+reprioritize:ON) + Chrome 21 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015) first-‐‑‒paint time: 1.32 seconds
- 22. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Nginx (HTTP/1.1) + Firefox 22 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015) first-‐‑‒paint time: 1.32 seconds
- 23. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Nginx (SPDY/3.1) + Firefox 23 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015) first-‐‑‒paint time: 1.87 seconds
- 24. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. H2O (HTTP/2) + Firefox 24 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015) first-‐‑‒paint time: 1.03 seconds
- 25. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. The benchmark scores 25 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015)
- 26. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Analysis n H2O (HTTP/2) is 50% faster in first-‐‑‒paint time than Nginx (HTTP/1.1) on both browsers ⁃ Chrome needs the reprioritize directive set to ON n Nginx (SPDY/3.1) is not faster than HTTP/1.1, likely because it does not prioritize the streams ⁃ on Firefox, HTTP/1.1 is faster than SPDY/3.1 since the browser delays sending requests for images until receiving all the blocking assets 26 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015)
- 27. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Conclusion n H2O (and HTTP/2) provides better user experience ⁃ esp. under high-‐‑‒latency network (e.g. mobile) n prioritization is very important in SPDY & HTTP/2 ⁃ benchmark your HTTP/2 server! ⁃ on the client-‐‑‒side, Firefox is doing very well • Chrome needs improvement, H2O provides a fix 27 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015)
- 28. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. What's coming to H2O n Version 1.3 ⁃ expected this week? ⁃ http2-‐‑‒reprioritize-‐‑‒blocking-‐‑‒assets for better user experience on Chrome ⁃ preliminary support for FastCGI n Version 1.4 and beyond ⁃ ease-‐‑‒of-‐‑‒use features 28 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015)
- 29. Copyright (C) 2015 DeNA Co.,Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Stay Tuned! 29 H2O -‐‑‒ making the Web faster (Jun 2 2015)