Amanda Bynes Psychological Perspective Essay

Amanda Bynes Psychological Perspective Essay
Jeanette Gaistman
Dr. C Eisen
AP Psychology
9 March 2014
The popular child star, Amanda Bynes, has recently gone through a wild child phase, as seen by committing several federal crimes, such as hitting and
running, driving under the influence, and using illegal drugs. Bynes has recently been diagnosed with both Schizophrenia, and Bipolar Disorder. Finally,
after several outrageous months, Bynes was, "placed under an involuntary hold," known as the 5150 psychiatric hold, in Los Angeles, California. The
UCLA Medical Center came to a conclusion and diagnosed Amanda Bynes with both, a bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Bynes' disorder can be
applicable based on several different perspectives such as the biological, and the social ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"But her parents can't either. Everything still needs to go through Amanda lawyer and the judge."
The Neo–Freudian perspective believed much in the Freudian perspective, but placed a greater emphasize on childhood relationships. Based on the
Neo–Freudian perspective the people who developed psychological disorders such as schizophrenia were love deprived. Based on Bynes' history, the
neo– Freudian perspective would apply based on the fact that she grew up on television without living a normal life and forming normal loving
relationships.
Growing up in the spotlight is not so easy, as portrayed by stars like Lindsey Lohan, Britney Spears, and Macaulay Culkin. The social cognitive
perspective emphasizes this point. The social cognitive perspective emphasized the importance of how people process information, and how they
apply that information when placed in a social environment. Based on research in both schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder we see how Bynes' has a
lack of social cognition. One of the symptoms that prove the social cognitive perspective is her need to be in a rehabilitation center due to the fact that
she cannot be part of community.
The behavior perspective suggests that all behaviors are learned. Based on the fact that Bynes grew up in stardom several celebrities went wild. Based
on the behavior perspective Bynes' paranoid
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Essay about Explanations of Personality Development
Explanations of Personality Development
According to Sigmund Freud, what we do and why we do it, who we are and how we became this way are all related to our sexual drive.
Differences in personalities originate in differences in childhood sexual experiences. In the Freudian psychoanalytical model, child personality
development is discussed in terms of "psychosexual stages". In his "Three Essays on Sexuality" (1915), Freud outlined five stages of manifestations
of the sexual drive: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital. At each stage, different areas of the child's body become the focus of his pleasure and
the principal source of sexual arousal. Differences in satisfying the sexual urges at each ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The superego is the Freudian structure of personality that is the moral branch of personality. The superego takes into account whether something is
right or wrong. The superego as what we often refer to as our "conscience."
During the oral stage (birth to 18 months), the child if focused on oral pleasures (e.g. sucking). Too much or too little gratification can result in an
Oral Fixation or Oral Personality, which is evidenced by an obsession with oral activities. This type of personality may have a stronger tendency to
smoke, drink alcohol, over eat, or bite his or her nails. Personality wise, these individuals may become overly dependent upon others, gullible, and
group followers. On the other hand, they may also fight these urges and develop negative personalities and aggression toward others.
In the Anal Stage (18 months to three years), the child's focus of pleasure is on eliminating and retaining faeces. Through society's pressure, mainly via
parents, the child has to learn to control anal stimulation. In terms of personality, after effects of an anal fixation during this stage can result in an
obsession with cleanliness, perfection, and control (anal retentive). On the opposite end of the spectrum, they may become messy and disorganized
(anal expulsive).
The pleasure zone in Phallic Stage (ages three to six) switches to

Sigmund Freud And Freudian Psychology: The Concept Of...
Concept of Repression
The fact people sometimes repress specific information cannot be denied, as was well articulated by Sigmund Freud. However, psychologists tend to
have different opinions on what makes people repress info. Some scholars argue that repression occurs because of cognitive, emotional motives and
social motives. Sigmund Freud argued that psychological repression happens because there are external forces that prevented people from actively
moving memories from the unconscious mind to the conscious mind (Boag, 2007). The approach given by Freud is different from that taken by
Jennifer Freyd who argued that people repression memories for social reasons. Most of the people, according to Freyd, suppression certain memories
because ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A good example of this difference is the case of sexual abuse of a child by a caregiver. From Freudianpsychology, the focus is not on whether the child
reports the matter or not, but what such exposures would do to the child's future behaviour. According to Sigmund Freud, a child who has gone
through the experience of sexual abuse from a caregiver may have difficulty forming relationships when they grow up. From Freudian psychology,
however, the emphasis is on whether a kid exposed to a sexual abuse report the matter or not. According to Freyd, a child abused by a caregiver is less
likely to report the issue compared to a child abused by a non–caregiver (Freyd, DePrince & Gleaves, 2007). This further demonstrates Freyd's point
that memories are mainly repressed or retrieved based on the potential impact on an individual's social relationship. The argument given by Freyd is
consistent with the tenets of Betrayal Trauma Theory. According to theory, there is utility in remaining unaware of betrayals when the victim depends
on the perpetrator for survival. In case of the child and the abusive caregiver, the child's survival interests are best served when he or she keeps quiet
and tries to forget the

The Psychosexual Stages Of Development
Psychosexual Stages of Development In the second essay of his Three Essays on Sexuality (1905), Freud theorized that every child is born with innate
sexual impulses that develop as the child grows. He proposed stages of psychosexual development that each child goes through until he or she reaches
puberty. This chapter investigates if these stages of development are in fact, universal and the nature of their presence in the cultural society of
Hindu–India. According to Freud (1905), the new born child's innate sexual impulses can only be observed in the child once he reaches the age of
three. He stated that the development of this infantile sexuality took place in a periodic and oscillating manner – after a brief period of development, it
is suppressed in a state of latency till the sexual development takes over. Although he states that he does not know the reason for this pattern, he also
adds that it is during this period of latency that the aesthetic and moral ideals develop which by feelings of disgust and shame restrict the flow of the
sexual instinct. These ideals develop inherently, even without any help from external education. While the impulses are not ceased entirely during the
period of latency, their energy is diverted to other ends by the process of sublimation and results in the development of the individual (ibid: 176).
While the final outcome of the sexual development is the pursuit of pleasure from a single, primary erotogenic source directed towards a

Freudian Psychology: Main Ideas
Freudian Psychology: The Main Ideas Psychoanalysis is Sigmund Freud's work, thought to be created between 1900 and 1939, which still is a very
vibrant thread in history and psychology today. According to Sigmund Freud the unconscious mind is a reservoir of repressed impulses and desires
in your mind, while you may be completely awake you are still unaware of the mental processes that are taking place. Though the repressed impulses
control the way we think, act, and above all feel. Freud also talks about the conflict within each individual between the internalized ideals (your
superego) and impulses (your id), also how your ego (your conscious self) tries to keep out the awareness of such using a defense mechanism to distort
reality... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When a toddler is expelling the bowels, for example, while wearing diapers, this would be characterized as "anal expulsion", but when the toddler
starting the potting training process this is called the "anal retention". Third, the phallic phase, whereas young boys encounter an Oedipus phase, much
like the Oedipus complex, they fear the father and castration and has sexual fantasies about the mother. For a young girl she would enter the Electra
phase, where she could acquire penis envy, which often can cause one to turn away from sexual life all together. After the phallic phase there is a pause
of latency in the sexual development, though finally in the Genital phase sexual functions are organized and coordination of sexual urges involving
pleasure is completed. "These investigations led him to conclude that childhood fears and experiences, often sexual in nature, accounted for
neuroses–hysteria, anxiety, depression, often obsessions and so on" (Freud). Freud also claims that if there is an error that occurred in the sexual
development it can result in homosexuality or sexual perversions in a person. Freud continues to explain that the child would get the appropriate
gender–related behaviors enforced though indentifying with a same–sex parent, which would need to take place naturally. In Freud's theories the libido
also plays in important role; the primary process of the libido is the dreamlike and irrational state of the libido and it

After Freudian Psychology In Mary Shelley's Frankenstein
Ever since its first publication, psychoanalytic psychologists have seen nothing but Freudian concept after Freudian concept in Mary Shelley's
Frankenstein. Analyzing Victor and the Creature, have allowed concepts like, the unconscious mind, defenses, core issues, and dream zymology, to run
rampant across the novel. The biggest concepts of Freudian Psychology in Frankenstein, are how core issues, and anxieties are intertwined influencing
the actions of the characters. In Frankenstein, we are better able to understand the motives of the characters through this perspective. For example,
Victor, has numerous deeply seeded issues. A classic example of an Oedipus complex, Victor longed for a relationship with his mother. Upon
examining his unconscious mind we find that like most of us, Victor has a desire to be liked and befriended; the absence of his mother only
exacerbating this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Having bypassed the female birthing process completely, Frankenstein robbed graves and mausoleums in search of large –easy to work with– body
parts to create his monster. After shocking his monster with electricity, the Creature comes alive, and horrified, Victor retreats from his lab in fear.
The Creature is now left abandoned to figure out the world on his own. He learns the differences between hot and cold, light and dark, and how
hunger works, all on his own. Upon mastering these basics, he emerges from the forest he has hid in upon a village, only to be shunned and chased
away by a mob of villagers, back into the forest. In the forest, he stumbles upon a cottage that is home to the Delaceys. A son and daughter attending to
their blind father live in the cottage, and abutting the cottage is a small lean–to, which the Creature seeks refuge in. From his little shelter, he can see
through a crack in the wall of the cottage and observe human interaction, absorbing language, and

The Theory Of Oedipus Complex
Introduction The term Oedipal complex was initially used by Sigmund Freud as he developed a theory to explain the stages of psychosexual
stages of development in an attempt to explain or describe the boy child feelings of attraction to the mother and anger and envy towards the father
(Fear, 2005). Basically, the boy may feel like he is competing with the father for the belonging and possession of the mother. The boy sees the father
as a threat for her affections, desires and attentions. In terms of the psychoanalytic theory, Oedipus complex may refer to the desire of a child to
sexual engagement with a parent of opposite sex, specifically the boy's amatory concentration, attention and attraction to the mother. Freud argues
that the complexity of Oedipus plays an imperative function in the stage of Phallic where a kid undergoes psychosexual growth. Freud also trusts
that if the stage completes successfully and the child manages to involve himself or herself with a parent of opposite gender ultimately, this
involvement leads to the development of a sexual identity that is mature. As this theory explains, the boy child admires to seize or possess the
mother fully and if possible out do the father, who this child always sees as a great enemy of the mother 's love. The Freud Oedipus complex usually
happens or takes place in the phallic stage of the children between the ages of three to five years, who at this age undergoes psychosexual
development. This stage in the real sense

Developmental Theories, Erikson And Freud Essay
What is development? Development is "A progressive increase in the function of the body." (growth and development book) As a nurse it is vital to
understand what development means and how people develop, especially children. In this essay I will talk about two very important developmental
theories, Erikson and Freud. In addition, compare their similarities and their differences. Erikson was a psychologist who was greatly influenced by
Freud. Although influenced by Freud there are some differences in there developmental stages. Erikson believed that development in an individual
was molded by society, culture, and environment. While Freud's belief was that development is in some way is influenced by the fixation of sexual
interest of different areas of the body. The stages in Erikson's development theory outline how important social experiences can shape us. While
Freud's theory is mainly based on ones sexuality. Additionally the other significant difference between Erikson's and Freud's theories is the outcome of
a particular stage. Erikson believed that the outcome of a certain stage was not permanent and that it could be changed later on in life. While Freud
presumed that if an individual became fixated on a stage problems associated with that stage would be carried on through life. On the other hand, there
are many similarities between the two developmental theories. Both Erikson and Freud believed that each task must be completed or the conflict must
be resolved in

Lord Of The Flies Freudian Psychology Essay
Significance of Freudian Psychology in Lord of the Flies William Golding in Lord of the Flies uses a group of English schoolboys crash landing on
an island during the hypothetical World War Three. Using Freudian's Psychology, Golding is able to show the variety of aspects of the human
mentality held by members of the modern society through the use of the different characters. The Id, Ego, and Superego are expressed through the use
of Ralph, Jack, and Piggy. To begin, Golding uses Ralph, the ego– the part of the mind that mediates between the conscious and the unconscious and is
responsible for reality testing and a sense of personal identity. To express this, how a boy can be pulled toward his "id" or to his "superego", Golding
uses the irrationality and/or feeding this animal tendencies and the pulling toward... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To show Ralph's rationality, the narrator states, "'Seems to me we ought to have a chief to decide things'" (18). Ralph's thinking of having a
leader shows that he is attempting to maintain order and be able to create rules that the boys would be able to live by. Diane Telgen, editor of
Novels for Students, mentions that "Once assembled, the boys decided they need a chief and elect Ralph. Ralph decides the choir will remain
intact under the leadership of Jack, who says the will be hunters" (Novels for Students 174). Ralph, no matter the audience, is clearly recognized as
the ego of the island as he is able to express his logical ideas and understands who will be able to contribute best to each job the most effectively. In
addition to Ralph setting up order and rule, he is expressed to take great concern in the survival of himself and the other boys. Ralph states, "'There
was a ship'[...]'There was a ship. Out there. You said you'd keep the fire going and you let it out!'[...]'They might have seen us. We might

The Theory Of The Drive Theory
Drive Theory The Drive theory was so named by Freud because of its emphasis on libidinal and aggressive drives, which Freud considers to be the
two principal motivating forces of human behavior, and which 'barks' for attention and expression. A child at birth is in a state of primary narcissism,
and it clamors to have its needs met irrespective of the comforts of others. The erogenous zones (mouth, anus and genitals) are the avenues through
which the energies are directed, and by stimulating these areas, the child finds pleasure. If energies are not adequately released, anxiety results, but as
the child develops, it learns to regulate such forces for its ultimate good and that of others. Freud believes that three components of... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
If human beings functioned solely from the Id's control center, there would be absolute chaos, since people will do whatever they wish, whenever
they wish, and wherever they wish, irrespective of consequences. The Ego 'lives' in both the conscious and the unconscious mind, and it represent the
"I" of the individual. The Ego functions like a good citizen, and acts as an intermediary between the Id, the superego, and the external environment, to
procure socially acceptable behavior. The ego coordinates volition, and its main business is to protect self. It also regulates and suppresses the
inordinate promptings of the Id through reasoning and compromises, and is capable of delaying gratification for the future. As maturation ensues, the
ego expands, while the id shrinks, except in special cases where the individual is fixated at the infantile level. Conditioned on the examination that
people with strong egos often have weak ids and superegos, Freud concludes that the relative distribution of energy among these forces affects
personality directly. Top of Form Bottom of Form The superego is the 'conscience' that grows out of parental prohibitions, and it represents the moral
component of the personality. Through the diminution of early narcissism, when the child begins to acknowledge its limits, the superego imposes itself
as a kind of watchdog over the ego, making sure that the

Sigmund Freud And The Psychosexual Stages Of Development
Sigmund Freud was a very well–known psychologist in the early 20th century. He began his career in partnership with Joseph Breuer. Together they
wrote and published the book Studies in Hysteria in 1895, after studying patients with hysteria and developing the idea that most mental disorders
were caused by hidden traumatic experiences in the patients past. Freud began to put emphasis on the sexual experiences of childhood and he lost
the support of Breuer. Freud continued his work alone and he published three more books. Freud's work was not well recognized because of his
emphasis on sex. In 1908, after the first International Psychoanalytical Congress, Freud's work began to gain popularity and his psychoanalytic
theory became well respected. He went on to publish more than twenty theoretical volumes and clinical studies. He continued to develop his ideas
until he died of cancer in 1939. One of Freud's theories was the psychosexual stages of development. It is important to recognize that Freud changed
the meaning of sexuality to any form of pleasure that can be or is gathered from the body. Freud based his theory on the thought that all human
instincts and drives were based on the desire to gain or increase bodily pleasure. Freud thought that if a person did not resolve their conflicts during
each stage this would be the cause of any mental illness or phobia that they would have in their adult life. If one did resolve the conflict at each stage,
then libido, sexual drives or

Freudian Psychology In William Golding's Lord Of The Flies
William Golding's novel, Lord of the Flies, focuses on a deserted island housing a small group of boys. Sigmund Freud, an Austrian Neurologist,
developed psychoanalysis and coined many terms and ideas about the mind. Freudian psychology can be used to further understand Golding's
characters, Jack, Ralph, and Piggy. Jack, consumed by his impulsive urge to hunt, acts as Freud's id. Ralph demonstrates the term ego as he logically
attempts to resolve problems. Piggy, concerned with morality and the words of his aunt, behaves as the superego. Jack, representing the Freudian term
id, acts impulsively to satisfy his basic needs with obsessive hunting. Once on the island, Jack focuses on hunting and finding food to eat and keep
himself alive. Like the id, Jack longs to fulfill his basic, instinctual needs and receive short–term satisfaction, rather than long–term fulfillment. The
freudian term id is the part of the mind which deals with innate impulses and primary processes without consideration. Instead of worrying himself
with tasks that require thinking ahead, like making shelters or fire, Jack's only concern is hunting. After the idea of being rescued is brought to his
attention, "Jack had to think... before he could remember what rescue was. 'Rescue? Yes, of course! All the same, I'd like to catch a pig first... We
want meat'" (Golding 62). Jack seems to have lost all trace of complex thought, as he struggles with the idea of rescue. He instead relies on his
instinctive urge of

Freud's Early Stages Of Gender Development Essay
Freud's early stages of gender development
Freud's psychosexual analysis of gender development emphasizes on impact of sexuality in human behavior. He believed that an infant was born with
immense sexual desires and aggressive instinct. At each stage the sexual energies shift focus on different erogenous zones. Also, according to him the
child undergoes a constant struggle between acting based on libidinal instincts and conforming to societal norms and culture. In this struggle a child's
libidinal energy is suppressed and directed onto culturally accepted activities.
Stage I) Oral stage: This stage ranges from birth and to approximately 18 months. The erogenous zone is the mouth. In this period child's seeks pleasure
through sucking, biting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mother is very close to the child.Gender Identity: The child can identify itself and others as male or female but only based on physical characteristics
(long hair, skirts etc.)
18 months to 3 yearsAnal stage: Anus (Bowel control) is the erogenous zone. Parents try to train the child to defecate according to societal
norms.Gender Stability: The child understands that gender is a stable thing. If someone is a boy they will grow to be men and girl will grow up to be
a woman.
3 to 6 yearsPhallic stage: Genitals is the erogenous zone. Boy starts discovering their genitals and pleasure from stimulating it. Father is the powerful
figure of influence. Boys feel more powerful due the presence of penis and girls feels inferior due the lack of it.Gender Constancy: The child
understands that irrespective of the activities a gender performs their sex will remain constant. Gender is an innate entity within them and does not get
affected when a boy plays with dolls or girl play with

Attachment And Human Development : Rapid Development And...
When an infant is born, the brain and the mind develop together (Myers, 2014). Between the ages of 3–6, rapid growth takes place in the frontal lobes
of the brain to enable rational planning (Myers, 2014). The association areas develop and are responsible for thinking, language, and memory (Myers,
2014). An infant's maturing nervous system and developing brain allow physical coordination and a sequence of physical development which includes
rolling over, crawling, and walking (Myers, 2014). Children go through stages starting with sensorimotor (birth–2), preoperation (2–6 or 7), concrete
operational (7–11), and formal operational (12–adult) (Myers, 2014). Attachment is a significant social achievement during infancy, while a positive
sense of self is a significant social achievement by age 12 (Myers, 2014). Adolescence begins with puberty and results in a rush of hormones which
cause intense moods (Myers, 2014). Rapid physical development occurs during this time which consists of both primary and secondary sex
characteristics (Myers, 2014). Selective pruning of unused neurons helps the brain to function efficiently (Myers, 2014). Myelin helps communication
in the frontal lobes which improves impulse control, planning, and judgment (Myers, 2014). The frontal lobe is behind the limbic system in
development, which explains risky behaviors and high emotions of teenagers (Myers, 2014). Reasoning in the adolescent years is self–focused, but
adolescents eventually begin to reason

Case Study Of Sigmund Freud's Theory On Psychoosexual...
Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), was an influential Austrian psychologist and the founder of psychoanalysis. Freud went on to produce several theories,
such as his theory on psychosexual development, which will be the focus of this assignment. Using the case study of a six–year–old patient, I will
discuss the key principles of Freud's theory on psychosexual development. Including, comprehensive definitions of the concepts used, and the stages of
Freud's psychosexual development. Lastly using Freud's theory, I will explain how the patient's current behaviour, could impact her behaviour in
adulthood.
The case study presents; Jane, a six–year–old female, whom has recently, started to suck her thumb, habitually. This behaviour overlaps, with the birth
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Regression is one of the defence mechanisms identified by Freud. According to Freud there are times when people are faced with circumstances that
make them feel at such unease and threatened, that they cannot deal with it and they protect themselves, by retreating to an earlier stage of
development. Many children who use regression as a defence mechanism, may begin to suck their thumb again.
Freud's Psychosexual Stages of Development
Freud identified five stages of psychosexual development, namely: The oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage and genital stage.
The oral stage of development, begins at birth (even prenatally) and ends approximately, when the child is one–year old. The source of libido or
pleasure and conflict, is the mouth. The child will enjoy sucking, feeding, and putting things in their mouth. The psychological theme here is
dependency. Babies can do very little for themselves, and this would be the time where they are cared for deeply by their mothers and their most
intimate bonding time. When a child is deprived of this and his/ her needs are not properly fulfilled it can lead to an oral fixation or overindulgence in
their later life. Fixation in this stage could lead to problems such as smoking, nail biting, pen chewing, overeating, alcoholism, sarcasm and verbal
hostility. (Sammons,

Feminist Theory Of Neurotic Need, And Neo Freudian Psychology
Karen Horney is best known for her findings of feminine psychology, theory of neurotic need, and neo–freudian psychology. What attracted me most to
Karen Horney was the relation I shared with her suffering from depression growing up. It was her findings about life and her outlook of recovering
from depression that attracted her to me. She discusses the importance of everyone's role in their own life on their mental health. Therefore, I
appreciate her studies as I have been able to apply them to my own life. Recovering from depression was not an overnight process. However, I became
in control of my own mental health in my life. Without knowing about Karen Horney previous to my depression, she emphasized the importance
everyone has in our own mental health. Women psychology was not prominent until women continued to formulate strong studies in psychology. She
went against a prominent male figure in psychology. Furthermore, Karen Horney is a prominent figure in feminine psychology.
Karen Horney was born in Blankenese, Germany. She was born on September 16, 1885 and she died on December 4, 1952 (Cherry, 2014). Her
mother had four children with her father. However, her father remarried and had another kid. Horney struggled growing up searching for her father's
affection. When her father remarried, he had a son named Brendt. Her father liked Brendt more than her (Cherry, 2014). Therefore, it forced Karen to
form a close bond with her mother. At the age of 9 years old, Karen

Freudian Psychology: Cognitive Approached By Sigmund Freud
Section 3: Cognitive Approach
The unconscious mind has a major role in the general understanding of the human behavior and emotions. In analyzing Adolf Hitler's personality and
beginning to understand how the human brain functions in sorting behaviors as such, the model of Freudian Psychology proposed by Sigmund Freud
outlines the instinctual desires and how these can be interpreted as totally understandable or utterly confusing. Freud proposed that the human psyche
could be divided into three parts, also known as a tripartite. These three areas carry the names Id, ego, and superego. All of these different parts
develop in different times of our human lives, such as early childhood, teenage life, and early adulthood. We carry them in ourselves throughout our
lives, and they influence our behaviors and impulsive needs. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is the primitive, instinctual part of the human mind that contains underlying sexual and aggressive drives. The Id specifically has been
connected to the Pleasure Principle (Freud, 1920) proposed by Freud himself. This pleasure principle is evident largely in humans in the stage of the
Id, as behaviors in the Id are generally very fantasy oriented and are selfish in many different ways. The narcissistic behaviors displayed by Hitler
himself can be attributed to this impulsive behavioral pattern coming from the Id.
The stage after the Id is the Ego. The Ego is a developed stage, which is there in order to create a realistic mediation between the unrealistic desires of
the Id, and the impact on and from the environment of the human. The environmental factors that played into Hitler were his abusive father, and loving
mother. The main point that Freud develops is that the Ego is specifically capacitated in order to bring self–control and general control of one's needs
and wants from the past

Melanie Klein, The Mother Of Object Relations
She is a drive theorist who influenced child psychology and is known as the mother of Object Relations. Melanie Klein believed that drives are object
seeking, relational in their essence and not just meant for resolutions of tensions as Freud suggested.
Klein postulated that internal object formation is integral to the psychic life of the infant and is based on powerful struggle between the internal forces
of 'life' and death instincts', child's 'phantasy', 'innate envy' and 'gratification and lack of ' with the prime object (mother).
Klein believed that the mother is most important and infants have an "innate mother' an unconscious inner knowing by the child of the primal maternal
image of the mother," .
She laid emphasis on 'phantasy'; a state of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The client for the therapist sometimes plays out this position also. Is he there to be good or bad?
'Depressive position' follows the paranoid schizoid position as the anxiety of being destroyed by the object gets replaced by fear of destroying the
object. The infant then begins a cycle where some negativity is internalized in order to gain control of it, and some good is projected onto the mother
so that she could protect the infant. These cycles of projection and introjection continue until the infant realizes that the good mother and the bad
mother are one and the mother whom he phantasized of destroying is the same mother he loves.
This causes immense guilt for earlier persecutory feelings towards the object and the infant realizes that the mother cannot be blamed all the time and
this explains the far away look children have sometimes in their eyes.
The infant suffers from depressive anxiety and this position is defined by 'a loss of innocence' . This is a healthy development and depressive word
is misleading here because actually it's a step forward and if this position is not resolved it can lead to

Psychological ( Freudian ) Theory Research Paper
Tabitha NotgrassNotgrass 1
Mrs. Almack
AP English
1 October 2014
Psychological (Freudian) Theory Research Paper
Sigmund Freud was a neurologist who became known as the father of psychoanalysis. Freud is known for his numerous theories, such as Freud's
Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality (Freudian Theory). In Freudian theory, the mind is structured into two parts: the unconscious and the conscious.
The unconscious mind consists of all things that are outside of our awareness such as our hopes, dreams, and desires. Although these things are outside
of our awareness, they still can contribute to and influence our behaviour. The conscious mind consists of all things that can be brought into our
awareness or that we are already ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although, to meet these needs immediately is not always possible or realistic. If they were, people would sometimes find themselves taking items out
of other peoples hands, for example, to satisfy their own needs. The Id tries to resolve the tension that the pleasure principle creates by the primary
principle, forming a mental image of the object desired as a way of satisfying the need.
The Ego element is the component of personality that deals with reality. Ego is developed from the Id and makes sure that the impulses of the Id
can be expressed in a way that is acceptable to the real world. The ego works in the conscious, unconscious, and preconscious mind. The Ego
element is based off of the reality principle. The only goal of the reality principle is to satisfy the desires of the Id in socially and realistically
appropriate ways. The reality principle weighs the pros and cons of an action before deciding whether or not someone will act upon or will not act
upon said impulses. Most of the time, the Id's impulses can be satisfied through delayed gratification, this is because of the ego. The ego eventually
allows the gratification, but only in the right time and place. The ego also releases tension made by unmet impulses through the secondary process.
The secondary process is the process that the ego goes through to to try and find an object in the real world that matches the

Sigmund Freud : The Father Of Freudian Psychology
Layton Fitch Literary Theory Paper Sigmund Freud is the father of Freudian Psychology. He is considered a founding father of psychoanalysis and
came up with the verbal psychotherapy. Sigmund Freud change the way we view childhood, personality, memory, sexuality and therapy. Throughout
history, other doctors have added on to Freud 's theories but at the same time remembering whose theories they are. Freuds theory of psychoanalysis
focuses on the unconscious aspects of personality. His theories consist of unconscious mind, dreams, infantile sexuality, libido, repression, and
transference. All of these are still used in todays degrees and still taught in schools. Freud 's account of the mind structure consists of id, ego and
superego.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Not so much the shape or specifics but the statistics of an iceberg to Freud was pictured as a mind. To explain, when you see an iceberg, the only
part you can see is the top. But what most people don 't know is that only 10% of the iceberg sticks above the water and the rest is under the water
where you can 't see it. In Freud 's image, the conscious world is the ten percent that we know and can see and the unconscious world is what we
do not know and can not see. The unconscious mind, as Freud would call it, is locked away in your mind and limits what you see and believe to
be conscious. In the theory if you could access your unconscious mind, there would be no end to what you could learn, what you could do and it
would enhance everyday life all together. Freuds theory has three parts within it. These parts are the id, ego and superego. id is for someones
personality. It also in other terms its considered a persons instincts and their immediate reactions. This means that the id, is the part of a person that
works off of pleasure and strives for immediate gratification. The id is the only thing in a person that you have a birth, nobody is born without it, and
is also the most unorganized part of the three ( id, ego, superego). The id is what makes you anxious, nervous, act on your instincts and many more.
And as a child your id is what completely controls your mind, its what makes you make decisions to avoid pain or

Psychoanalytic Personality
Psychoanalytic Personality
Shannon A. Colon Lampley
University Of Phoenix PSY/150
September 23, 2015
Dr. P. Edvard Pharel
Psychology goes back ages ago; the three major psychologists are Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, and Carl Jung. All have different theories, but some
parts of their theories are similar. All theories have the same concept of how one self can identify their own personality. The information that will be
given in the next paragraphs would show how old theories from the past can still be shown now in the twenty first century. To start off withSigmund
Freud's theory of psychoanalytical personality is known by three factors; Id, Ego, and Superego. Freud argued over the three factors that the cause of the
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When Jung approaches psychology he has a respectable influence. He was the first modern psychologist and he believed that the human psyche is
naturally religious. Being modern he understood the psyche of the world of dreams, art, mythology, religion, and philosophy. He always believed
importance of balance and harmony. Now in days people rely on science and logic that would help appreciation and spirituality that comes from the
unconscious mind. He also believes that the process of putting conscious and unconscious will help maintain a conscious autonomy. These are concepts
of analytical psychology of Jung. The last psychologist is Alfred Adler. The Other Neo–Freudians, Alfred Adler, is another important Neo–Freudian
psychoanalyst who also considered Freudian theory's emphasis on sexual needs misplaced. He proposed that the quest for self–improvement and
perfection is the primary human motivation. The term inferiority complex is used to describe situations where adults cannot overcome the feelings of
inferiority that they developed as a child. Adler's theory has to do with self–esteem and how it affects human health. I found the reading on his
inferiority complex most interesting. I agreed with Adler that humans are motivated by social relatedness rather than by sexual urges. I think that of all
three I agreed with his theories most! I

Freud's Theory of Psychosexual Development
"Oral to Genital stage, how it affected me as an individual."
Submitted By:
Submitted To:
Freud's theory of psychosexual development is based on erogenous zones which are important stages of development. According to the theory, there are
five stages throughout one's life: Oral phase, anal phase, phallic phase, latency phase, and genital stage. Each stage is involved in particular conflicts
that must be resolved before moving on to the next stage of development. All the stages have two things in common: each stage has their own comfort
and pleasure source. Freud believes one's experience during early stages of growth decides their change patterns and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
I was more of a troublemaker with group of friends with same sex. My peer relationships increased by hanging out and attending same school club
activities. Even though my sexual urges repressed, I remember that the urges were not completely repressed. From grade 1 to 3, I had a crush on
one particular girl, but I was too shy to express my feelings because it was not normal for other students at my age it seemed. It seemed that I may
have skipped my latency stage or it was not noticeable. In this stage, I did not stop chewing pencil. It got worse and had to talk to my parents about it.
The conflict of sucking and biting of oral stage was resolved during my latency phase when I was introduced to chewing gum.
Last stage, genital phase, occurs from puberty to adulthood. In this stage many things happen. Puberty kicks in, thus change in body for
reproduction occurs. Also, increase in hormonal changes activates the sexual urges which were dormant for years. Sexual attraction and interest of
opposite sex is increased. Desire for independence is still great, but still needs supervision from their parents. I had my first girlfriend when I was
12, before my puberty. Unfortunately, she had a car accident and passed away. This event caused my sexual urges to repress greatly because I was
afraid similar things might happen to others. For 4 years, I avoided talking to opposite sex and the times I had to talk, I felt scared.

Sigmund Freud Is Responsible For The Creation Of...
Sigmund Freud is responsible for the creation of psychoanalysis, which at the time was a new science based on mental causes rather than the
typical physical model of human behavior. Freud was the first to infer that mental disorders could be the result of individual history rather than
physical impairment and that childhood experiences influence an individual's behavior in the future. When considering Freud's theory of
personality, there are numerous correlations that can be observed with regard to my own childhood experiences and the actions and emotions I
experience today. Freud's view on mental energy is that the body is the source of all mental energy, mental energy is conserved due to the fact
that we have a limited amount, it is the cause for all our behavior, and the goal of our behavior is to reduce tension. One's mental energy is invested
in impulses, which drive human behavior. Freud proposed two basic impulses: sexual impulses and aggressive impulses. Cathexis refers to the
concentration of mental energy on one particular person, idea, or object; excessive cathexis on a single object may lead to neurosis, which is a mild
psychological disorder. An example of cathexis in my own life is when I have a week filled with exams and big projects; during this time, my mental
energy is concentrated on getting a good grade on these projects and exams; concentrating my mental energy on the idea of getting a good grade is
almost as exhausting as completing the projects

The Theory Of Infantile Sexuality
Although modern society disregards the theory of infantile sexuality and its relationship to neurotic personality types, closer examination shows that a
direct correlation exists. Freud's five stages of infantile sexuality prove their significant impact on the eventual maturation of what is regarded as adult
psychosexual behaviors. Freud categorizes the stages of infantile sexuality as follows; oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital. Each stage is represented
by certain developmental behaviors, which are innate in all normal functioning children. The complete transition of the libido from one stage to the
next is necessary to avoid fixation on a specific erogenous zone. Society's lack of attention to these stages of adolescent sexuality... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
I.The Five Stages of Infantile Sexuality
The initial encounter with sensual behavior brings forth the first leap into psychosexual behaviors of the oral stage. This action is initiated by the infant's
earliest pleasurable experience, nursing. The unavoidable drive of the libido is drawn into the only sensation of pleasure to the infant's knowledge, the
stimulation of the oral cavity. In this sense the libido is concerned with the direction an individual focuses their energy. The total satisfaction received
the first time the infant nurses is what prompts the oral stage. From the initial contact with a mother's breast, a child desires to recreate that same
stimulation. This feeling is the unconscious drive along the journey of psychosexual development. At this age everything the infant does is dependent
on caregivers. There is no sense of independence. When teeth are formed, caregivers begin weening the infant away from relying on nursing as its
form of sustenance. The forceful way the authoritative figures introduce autonomy creates conflict. The libido does not willingly detach from the oral
fixation, and total dependent state. Once the primary form of stimulation is no longer available the child substitutes it for whatever is nearest to him.
This accounts for why babies enjoy putting objects into their mouths; bottles, pacifiers, fingers, toes, and keys. Because the sense of "ego" has not
come into play, there is no desire

Critique Of Sigmund Freud's Psychoosexual Development Theory
Psychosexual Development Theory
Sigmund Freud's psychosexual development theory states the role of parents with the basic sexual desires of children in developing their personalities.
This theory is concerned on the sexual pleasure received from specific body parts and sexual activities. Ku, (2011) argues with Freud's recommendation
on encouraging children's tendencies stating that parents will try to guide children toward moderation in all things.
Children who complete these stages successfully, grow to be calm and well centered adults (Ku,
2011). However, problematic behavior patterns are developed when fixations occur due to frustration or indulge.
Freud also states that personality consists ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, poor sexual relationships, feeling on inadequacy and guilt about sexuality are also developed due to fixations at this stage.
Critiques on Psychosexual Development Theory
Though this theory is being criticized, it is still important because many other theories are based on this. According to Ku (2011), Freud's theory helped
scientists to have a further look into human behavior development. The major critique on this theory is that this theory is more focused on human
sexuality. Cherry (n.d.) states four major critiques to Freud's theory as follows:
п‚· Freud was believed to have worked with troubled adults in developing this theory, rather than working with children,
п‚· Feminists criticize this theory as this is focused mainly on male development,
п‚· Freud's theory is difficult to test scientifically as concepts like libido cannot be measured and tested, and
п‚· As there is a long time between childhood and adulthood, it cannot be said that childhood experiences affects adult personality.
Conclusion
With much critics, psychosexual development theory is still considered important. Parents' role

Is Sigmund Freud'sA Primer Of Freudian Psychology?
In "A Primer of Freudian Psychology" Sigmund Freud started as a medical doctor with a strong knowledge of scientific research and he would use that
to specialize in nervous disorders treatments. Freud started to use psychoanalytic methods to treat neurotic patients, and he as Psychoanalysis was
related on being a "pan–sexualist". As Freud continue to focus his works in the psychoanalytic area, he later realized and determined it did not fall
under what he studied in the medical field instead it was mostly related to psychology. He clearly identified this method of psychology as a theory of
personality which treats those emotionally disturbed people. Freud's purpose to serve in the social human services helped him develop and
understand the nature of people, as he suggested it can only be gained by scientific exploration and analysis. He believed the study of man made up
the philosophy of what he called it "knowledge through science" (Hall 20). Freud had extensively studied human nature, with the experience and
knowledge he had attained he became "pessimistic and critical" (Hall 20), this led him to determine that man would rather live in their own unrealistic
world full of fantasies and delusions rather than in a true and realistic world. The tremendous knowledge he held, Freund changed how society and
people can make each other better in a social and collaborative atmosphere to become a healthier civilization as a whole.
As Freud dug deeper into people's personality he came up with three important systems call the id, the ego, and the superego. The three systems
collaborate with one another in order for the individual to effectively transition through his environment in satisfactory ways. These systems are very
important for man, that is impart because it helps man fulfill their necessities and desires. In the other hand, when the three systems are not working
together the person might be struggling and are unstable with their personality. This can lead to a very damaging situation for that individual because
they are not content with themselves or the world around them, it can also intervene with how they perceive and do things effectively. The main
purpose and function of the id or as Freud called it

Freud and Rapunzel
In the fairy tale "Rapunzel", the dreamer, Rapunzel, successfully passes through all the Freudian psychosexual stages of development. Symbolism helps
to illustrate the dreamer's movement through the five stages. The Witch portrays the super–ego figure in "Rapunzel". Rapunzel's mother plays the Id
figure. The events of Rapunzel's life lead the reader to identify the dream as more of a nightmare. Her father agrees to give Rapunzel to a witch, who
then locks Rapunzel in a tall tower; only rescued by a passing prince. Yonic and phallic imagery help identify the dreamer's current stage of
psychosexual development. Although delayed by the witch, the dreamer Rapunzel eventually passes through all stages of psychosexual development.
The Dreamer ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His act of agreement transitions the dreamer to the anal stage. The witch takes the baby as part of the agreement, naming her Rapunzel, another word for
rampion, symbolizing another oral image. When Rapunzel turns twelve, the witch locks her in a tower to hide her beauty from the world. Although the
tower represents phallic image, it also symbolizes how the dreamer becomes anal–retentive. The tower "had neither stairs nor doors, only high up at the
very top a small window"; the witch tries to keep Rapunzel from the outside world, in theory, keeping her in (1). During the anal stage, a normal child
learns to control ones bodily functions. Thus, Rapunzel becomes dependent on the witch. As the story continues, a prince happens upon the tower and
learns that the entrance to Rapunzel's tower is by her, long blonde hair. So the next day he comes to the tower, and repeats the witch's words "Let
down your golden hair" and the Prince climbs up (2). At first, the prince scares Rapunzel but he then "spoke to her so kindly" and that "his heart had
been so touched by her singing" (2). Rapunzel undergoes sexual identification through the prince, another indication of the phallic stage. The prince
then offers to help Rapunzel leave the tower and "to marry him" (2). Rapunzel agrees to the prince's plan, and in effect, she attempts to leave the anal
stage. But when her escape is eminent she slips in revealing that she communicates with the prince. After her failed attempt to

Sigmund Freud 's Theory Of Development
Emily Bradshaw
Professor David Iannaccone
Introduction to Psychology
December 4th, 2014
Abstract
In this research paper, I explained what Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory of development is and why it is important for the developing child to
overcome said conflicts. I also talked about the different effects of not overcoming the conflicts Freud had determined that would lead to adult
behaviors.
Over the years, Sigmund Freud has created many theories involving many different ideas in the psychological world. One theory that stood out to me
throughout our journey in introduction to psychology is Freud's developmental theory. Freud 's development theory is " the influence that sexual
growth has on personality development from birth to adult life, with the phases of sexual maturation designated as oral, anal, phallic, latency, and
genital." (psychosexual development. (n.d.). The American HeritageВ® Stedman 's Medical Dictionary. ) This theory stood out to me the most
because I feel that Freud has a very unique idea of how we, as humans, develop and how almost every stage refers to a different growth, yet all
involve sexual ideas. Sigmund Freud was said to believe that once a child reached adulthood at eighteen years of age that they were fully grown.
Many psychologists have went against this theory however to discover that humans do not stop growing at eighteen. All the stages of psychosexual
development have a "conflict" in which has to be resolved or the child will have

Freud 's Theory Of Personality
Freud gave counseling a unique and powerful way to look at the human mind by observing and taking note of the conscious and unconscious mind
and how those thoughts could reflect human behavior. Freud also emphasized the importance of early life experiences and how they shape the human
mind and behaviors. In my opinion, I believe that Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality would be the most practical approach for me to utilize
in a counseling situation. His theory identifies many aspects of the conscious and unconscious while exploring different defense mechanisms people
often attribute to reduce or cope with anxiety. Freud also stresses the psychosexual stages of development and how those experiences could affect a
person's conscious, preconscious or subconscious being. According to Freud, there are three separate yet autonomous parts of the mind that are
important to understanding a person. The three parts of the mind, as described by Freud are the conscious, preconscious and the subconscious mind.
The conscious mind, or the Ego, is the conscious mind that is at the surface of a person's personality and could readily be accessible to to draw out
what a person is thinking about. The conscious mind is also a persons personality which is automatic and constructed of the superego's balance of the
animal–like instincts of the ID. An example could be when a counselor would ask the client what his favorite color would be. The person's response to
this type of question is

Misery Movie Analysis
Misery is a movie based on the Stephen King novel of the same name. The movie adaptation was directed by Rob Reiner and released on November
30, 1990. The movie is about a famous writer, Paul Sheldon who created the popular 'Misery' series. He finished the first drafts of all his books in the
Silver Creek Lodge in Colorado. He just finished his new novel Fast Cars and is heading back to New York to get his manuscript printed when his car
crashes in Colorado. Paul is pulled out of the wreckage by a woman named Annie Wilkes, who is his number one fan. She takes him back to her home
and nurses him back to health. Annie's obsession takes a dark turn when she discovers Paul kills off her favourite character from his 'Misery' novels.
As Sheldon makes a plan to try and escape, Annie grows more controlling and violent as she forces the author to write a new book to suit her corrupt
fantasies.
Through the latent content, it is revealed that the true meaning of this film is of an incomplete oedipal complex. The beginning of the film starts off
with frames of a cigarette, a match and a bottle of champagne. The cigarette and the match are both phallic symbols and Paul Sheldon, the author of
the famous Misery novels always smokes one every time he finishes a new book. Paul Sheldon being the incomplete oedipal complex. The
champagne is both a yonic and phallic symbol. The bottle cork is phallic and the bottle is yonic and because the cork is in the bottle, it makes the whole

Criticism of Freudianism as Unscientific
Sigmund Freud and his critics:
Criticism of Freudianism as unscientific Sigmund Freud today is honored as the founder of modern psychoanalysis. His concept of the human psyche
has been used to analyze everything from individual psychologies to the structure of Hamlet. But although Freud is often parodied, cited, and imitated
in popular literature, his theories have fallen out of favor in the academic discipline of psychology he was so influential in founding. Courses in
psychology devote a paucity of attention to Freud, and literary and cultural studies courses are more often apt to include a primer on the ego, id, and
superego, versus psychology classes that attempt to train practitioners in the field. Historian Paul Robinson writes that the applicability of Freud to
literary analysis is a symptom of his lack of scientific rigor: "In one respect, Freud might seem to be alive and well in the contemporary intellectual
world. I am thinking of the prestige that psychoanalysis still enjoys in literary studies... [critic] Frederick Crews wrote: 'No sadder proof exists of the
rift between literature and science than this new adherence to a Freudianism that is rapidly losing authority outside the circle of literary theory'"
(Robinson, Introduction, 1993:1). This paper will attempt to explore why this is the case: why has Freud fallen out of favor in the field he founded.
Why are the primary strengths of psychoanalytic theory viewed as lying within the field of literary theory

Freudian Psychology ' Lord Of The Flies '
Freudian Psychology in Lord of the Flies: In William Golding's allegorical novel Lord of the Flies, examples of Sigmund Freud's psychological theories
are illustrated within the main characters through there personal thoughts and actions. Freud's theory explores the inner separations of the mind and the
effects on ones personality. Jack, the antagonist, can be seen as the immature and bloodthirsty Id, who hungers for meat and stops at nothing to get
what he wants. Piggy and Simon can be seen on the other end of the spectrum as the SuperEgo, through their intellect and compassion. Ralph represents
the Ego, the middle ground between the two extremes, by his responsible decision making skills and leadership qualities. All three characters balance
each other out, and when either extreme gains too much power, turmoil issues as seen in the end of the novel. Jack Meriweather is representative of
the Id in the novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding. The Id is defined as "the part of the psyche associated with instinctual, repressed, or
antisocial desires, usually sexual or aggressive. In its efforts to satisfy these desires, the id comes into conflict with the social and practical constraints
enforced by the ego and superego." ( Freud). Throughout his time on the Island, the choir boy and eventual 'chief' partakes in several activities that
lead readers to believe he depicts the Id. The Id represents the unconscious part of the mind that is always within an individual. This

The Importance Of Self Esteem And Social Identity
There are a series of important steps in the development of one 's self–concept, self–esteem and social identity. These steps begin from birth and
continue into the adult years. Physical awareness starts from birth up until one year of age. Everyone is born with an internal sense of awareness, but
it is only physical. For example, Infants who look in a mirror would not be able to tell that the image they see is themselves, instead they only
recognize that the hand reaching out towards the mirror is theirs. Around 18 months children are aware that they are separate from others in the world.
(Self–recognition). If a red spot is placed on an infant 's nose, infants are able to recognize when looking in the mirror that the dot is on their nose and
would touch the dot on themselves, not the mirror. Around ages two to three, infants can now refer to themselves using words such as "I", or "Me".
Self–esteem also begins to develop around this age. Children begin to internalize standards and feelings of good and bad behavior. For example, they
will respond more to "Good boy, or good girl", and react more in hopes of receiving that kind of praise. By age four when children's self–concepts start
to emerge, they are often aware and proud to show off their skills and accomplishments. A child who mastered the art of referencing a fire truck as
"red", will start to show off their toy truck and say "red" to whomever they meet, or whoever is around. If the child draws a picture,

Sigmund Freud Research Paper
Sigmund Freud is arguably the most famous of all the people in the field of psychology. Even the uneducated know of him, and can often correctly
use the term "Freudian slip". Layman also know him for is work in analyzing dreams. Freud was very intelligent, soaring through school and into
practice. He is an accomplished writer and the father of the Psychoanalytic school of psychology. Sigmund Freud was a very interesting figure in the
field of psychology, and his theories are still in practice today.
Sigmund Freud was born in 1856 and died in 1939. Freud was exceptionally smart, having spoken eight languages as an adult and earning his degree
in medicine by the age of 30. He was a family man, having a wife and six children. He had many great accomplishments before his death, which
unfortunately came after many surgeries and a long painful fight with cancer. His life was very interesting, but his work was more so. Before he died,
he published two books which helped form his theory of Psychoanalytic thought. He also became a professor at the University of Vienna, which helped
him gain notoriety the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Initially, the book was not a success, taking eight years to sell all 600 copies that were originally printed. Scientific journals did not review it right
away, and when they did, it was written off as crazy talk. The book eventually gained traction, and he revised it up to six times before he died. The
book, which many agree is his most important work, analyzes dreams to flesh out the real meaning. In the book he explains that there are two levels
to the dream, the actual dream, and the dreams true meaning. He introduced the idea that dreams were a type of wish fulfillment, wherein people
would dream dreams that gave them satisfactions unconsciously to hidden desires. Along with his dream theory, he suggested that sexuality plays a
huge role as early as childhood (A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries,

Psychosexual Development : Theolectual Development
Psychosexual development
Psychosexual development is one of the key concepts of Freud's psychodynamic theory, it implied that children began to develop their sexual maturity
as soon as they were born (Hough, 2006). The theory contained five main stages (Kahn, 2002).
The first stage is known as the oral stage and focuses on the intake of nourishment from birth to 18 months (Kahn, 2002).The intake of nourishment is
pleasurable to the child but if it becomes a traumatic or an overly comfortable experience then the child may develop oral fixation or unrealistic
beliefs in the future (Pressley & McCormick, 2006). For example John McLeod (2003) suggested that if a hungry baby cries and it's mother attends to
the crying with food immediately, then the baby may grow up to believe that it's needs will always be met without any demanding.
Oral fixation can also occur. This is when an individual has a desire to put, or have, something in their mouth (Pressley & McCormick, 2006). This
fixation stems from frustration or unchecked pleasure during feeding experiences, such as the hungry baby's crying being met immediately, or at a
delayed pace (McLeod, 2003). Eating disorders, addictions, and smoking are all long term effects of oral fixation (Hough, 2006).
The second stage is the anal stage which occurs between 18 months to three years of age (Kahn 2002). The anal stage caused the child to associate
elimination with pleasure (McLeod, 2003). The main aspect of the anal stage is potty

Assess the Strengths and Weaknesses of the Psychodynamic...
Assess the Strengths and Weaknesses of the Psychodynamic approach to understanding personality
The psychodynamic approach was proposed by Freud. This approach towards personality is based on the notion of underlying forces such as the id,
ego and superego which are either present from birth or develop during childhood shape our behaviour and personality as such. Experiences in
childhood are proposed to be the basis of human personality, according to Freud and as such Psychodynamic theory proposes that some undesirable
unbalances between the id and superego can create the arising of ego defence mechanisms which explain individual differences in behaviour. Freudian
theory has been adapted by neo–Freudians, however while psychodynamic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another strength of the psychodynamic approach to personality is that it has provided a valuable insight into how early experiences or relationships
can affect our adult personality. One of the examples of this is that fixations can be causes during even the earliest few months of childhood, such as
the oral stage in psychosexual development, this can be caused by separation from the caregiver too early or having feeding difficulties. These
fixations can then lead to psychological problems in personality centred around eating or drinking. Jacobs et al (1966) used the Rorschach inkblots to
compare the orality of smokers and non–smokers, finding that smokers emerged as being significantly more oral.
On this note, the psychodynamic theory also provided psychological treatments which are still widely used today in therapy for personality disorders.
These two treatments in psychodynamic theory are the Rorschach inkblot test and assessment/analysis of dreams. In the Rorschach test the subjects
perceptions of inkblots are recorded and then analysed using psychological interpretation, complex scientifically derived algorithms or both. These can
be used to assess an individual's personality characteristics. However this Rorschach test itself has been strongly criticised. Firstly

How Is Black Swan Psychoanalysis Criticism
"Perfection is not just about control, but also letting go." Psychoanalysis in literary criticisms is a criticism that is an idea of an unconscious area
within the human mind. It emphasized the role of unconscious in determining human behavior. In here, childhood experiences is very important.
Dreams are also important, in a way, that it is interpreted to know what is the message the unconscious area wants the conscious one to know.
"Black Swan" is an intense psychological thriller describing a ballet dancer's metamorphosis into the "Black Swan". Black Swan is about a ballet
dancer who wins the lead role of the swan queen that requires to dance as both the sweet white and evil black swans. Though she wants to dance as
the black swan, it is a challenge to her because it requires dark passion that is beyond her technique. The protagonist, Nina Sayers, slowly loses her
mind as the black swan torments her for control, in which then she becomes... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is the distorted forms or images and ideas our unconscious wants us to be aware about. It is said that it is our brains way to fulfill our wish. In
Nina's situation, Lily may be a dream for her. Why? I have this thought in my mind that Lily doesn't exist. One instance is when Nina was crying
and she saw someone on the dark, and it looks like her. But when it came to the light, it was Lily. Another one is when she had a dream that they
are making love. But there are times that when she look at her, all she can see is her face. I believe that Lily is the person Nina made. Remember
that Lily is the exact opposite of her: careless, free spirit and a seducer. She wished to be that kind of person. She wishes to be the black swan. The
fulfillment of her wish came true when she became the black swan. When she possess all the characteristics she always wanted to be. When the sweet
little girl who always wear pink became that seducer who wears

Analysis Of One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest By Ken Kesey
Sigmund Freud was someone who turned clinical psychology on its head; therefore, it only makes sense that he would be an inspiration for someone
who completely redefined literature. In the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest author Ken Kesey weaves an intricate, while subtextual, theme that
mirrors concepts of Freudian psychology. About a decade after publication, in her article "Kesey and Freud," former Northeastern University professor
Ruth Sullivan analyzes the progression and impact of Kesey's use of Freudian psychology, most specifically, Kesey's use of Freud's Oedipus Complex
as it pertains to the characters Nurse Ratched, R.P. McMurphy, and Chief Bromden. While it is true that McMurphy and Bromden represent the typical
Freudian father–son ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to an article titled "The Oedipal Crisis," the main stages of the Oedipal Complex that deals with a mother are that, "the first love–object for
[the son] is the mother, the young boy is threatened by the father's relationship with his mother, and the father is perceived as an enemy." (http:/
/www.changingstates.co.uk/freud.html). Nurse Ratched never fulfills any of those roles; in fact, she is seen as the clear enemy the whole entire
book. The enemy is never McMurphy; instead, Nurse Ratched is described as "the root of all the trouble here" (Kesey, 185). Ratched and
McMurphy's relationship is not sexual and the men on the ward are never envious of McMurphy for his relationship with Nurse Ratched. Instead,
Nurse Ratched is seen as a woman who McMurphy describes as a "ball–cutter" (Kesey, 60) Nurse Ratched is not someone who is seen as appealing or
attractive or warm like a Freudian mother, rather, she is a woman that makes a man powerless and asexual. Freud's Oedipal triangle is clearly missing
one point because the Big Nurse does not fulfill the concept of a Freudian mother. That is where Sullivan's analysis falls

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