Iroquois Constitution Essay

Iroquois Constitution Essay
Constitutional Comparisons The Constitution of the United States is a staple of our American identity. While it may have drawn inspiration from
other documents, it is essentially the first of its kind. It certainly was not the last of its kind: after the success of the United States' constitution, many
other nations would soon follow. Now, the majority of nations have adopted their own constitutions as guidelines for them to follow. TheConstitution
of the United States may not have been the first constitution, but it was able to update and incorporate ideas that had already been established as well
as provide a model for the creation of future constitutions. One such nation to adopt a constitution modeled after ours is Ireland. Like many ... Show
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There are numerous references to nature, such as mentions of a "Tree of the Great Peace" as well as animals such as an Eagle. Items like strings and
arrows are used as symbols (Section 2 of the Iroquois Constitution). This is comparable to the Irish Constitution and its incorporation of Christianity.
However, the Irish Constitution merely suggested Christian ideas, and the Iroquois Constitution is targeted exclusively at the Iroquois, who would
understand and be practice them. Essentially, one must follow the Iroquois traditions in order to participate in the ideas presented in the Iroquois
Constitution, but one would not necessarily have to be Catholic to abide by the Irish
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Comparative Law Report : United Kingdom And The United States
COMPARATIVE LAW REPORT
THE UNITED KINGDOM AND THE UNITED STATES
CTEC 1412 COMPUTER ETHICS, LAW and PORTFOLIO
RAJAT RAJPUT
BSc Computer Science
P15222274
CONTENT PAGE
1.Introduction
1.1 United Kingdom Jurisdiction
1.2 United States Jurisdiction
2.Main Body (comparison)
2.1 The Constitution
2.2 Creating Laws
2.3 The Lawyers
2.4 The Jury
3.Conclusion
4.References
1.INTRODUCTION:

1.1The United Kingdom Jurisdiction:
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consisted of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It achieved its present form in
1922 after the partition of Northern Ireland. England and Wales have a combined Judicial system and Scotland and Northern Ireland have their own
independent judicial systems under the Act of 1707 and 1800. There is no single written constitution for The U.K. The Constitutional Laws of the UK
contain Statute Law, Case Law and Constitutional Convention. They do not have any statutory authority but do consist the binding force. The
relationship between the Sovereign (the Queen) and the parliament is rather conventional than statutory. The ministry of Justice is the responsible
government body for the justice system and the constitutional policy. The head of the body is called the Lord Chancellor and the Secretary of State
for Justice. The cabinet office has the duty to look over specific areas of the constitutional policy that are devolution election and the royal succession.

Conflict in the Emerald Isle Essay
Conflict in the Emerald Isle
The island of Ireland is known for many things: St. Patrick's Day, its green landscape, music, beer, and discord. The heart of this conflict began
centuries ago, when Britain came over and forced Protestantism on the Irish Catholic inhabitants. There has always been hatred between the Irish
Protestants and Catholics. The island is broken up into to distinct regions. The Republic of Ireland consists of 26 counties, which make up the southern
region. This area is predominantly Roman Catholic. Northern Ireland is made up of the 6 northern counties, which are under British rule. This area is
predominately Protestant. The conflict between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland is based ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This upset a majority of the Irish citizens, whom happened to be predominately Catholic, who felt that they were just that, citizens of Ireland, not
subjects of England. They wanted the right to govern freely without British interference. There were, however, supporters of this act as well. These
Unionists or Loyalists were made up largely of Protestants. They gladly welcomed the power of the British crown because they felt that they were truly
British citizens not Irish citizens.
While under British rule the Catholics were subjected to discriminating laws such as: they were not allowed to bear arms, hold public office, and were
restricted in their right to an education. The laws have been lifted the tension still remains between the Catholics and the Protestants (Ito 1). There were
still those who were pushing for "Home Rule" and the Protestants "vowed to resist the movement with violence" (Ito 1). However this movement never
amounted to much.
In 1920 the Government of Ireland Act separated the island into north and south. In 1921 these two sections would become known as the Irish Free
State, or the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. The Republic of Ireland is composed of the 26 southern counties of Ireland and controlled by
the parliament of Ireland. The remaining 6 counties in the north of Ireland make up Northern Ireland, which is controlled by Britain. This was intended
to be a compromise between

Taking a Look at Ireland
Project Proposal
The country I'm choosing for my Sophomore English Research Paper is Ireland. I'm choosing this country because I want to be able to research and
learn more about their religion, culture, etc. A recent problem in Ireland is Ireland is asking unemployed citizens to move away. The Irish government
is sending letters to almost 6,000 unemployed people, asking them to take jobs in other countries. Although the Irish government is sending these
letters, no one is being forced to leave the country. This topic has intreged me and wanting to research more on this country.
Bibliography
"Facts about Ireland | Authentic Ireland Travel." Facts about Ireland | Authentic Ireland Travel. Irish Welcome Tours, n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2014.
In Ireland, "Leinster has the highest population at 2,295,123 with it's capital being Dublin" (Irish Welcome Tours). The population in Galway is
about 504,121. Ireland has become a island shortly after the last ice age which was about 10,000 years ago, so Ireland has few plants and animal
species. There is only about 26 mamal species, "that are native to Ireland" (Irish Welcome Tours). In Ireland there are 32 natural habitats preserves,
even for large animals.
"Ireland." : Maps, History, Geography, Government, Culture, Facts, Guide & Travel/Holidays/Cities. Pearson Education, n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2014.
In Ireland, "Ireland slipped ito

U.s. And Ireland Government Essay
U.S. and Ireland Government The overall organization of the U.S. and Irish government has a lot of similarities but also has its differences. Ireland is
known to be a parliamentary democracy and has 3 branches of government, which are the Executive, Legislature and Judiciary branch. The United
States is similar in the way that they also have three branches of government which are the Executive, Legislative and Judicial branch and has a
democracy. The constitution was the foundation for the U.S government just like it was for the Irish government and how they govern their country. In
Ireland there are many political parties while in the U.S. there are mainly only two. The Irish constitution applies to the 32 counties in Ireland but in the
United States it refers to the 50 states. In Ireland their common law system is based on the English model and in the United States it's based on the
English common law. The United States and Irish government has many legislative powers in common, but the difference would be between the
offices. In the United States the Legislative Branch consists of the congress which is made up of two houses. The vice president plays a role in one
of the houses which is the Senate. The Senate is based on equal representation, which allows 2 senators to be elected from each state, making it a total
of 100 Senators. The other house which is The House of Representatives is based on population meaning the more the population a state has the more

Analysis Of Terence Mcdonough, Ireland A Colony?...
Terence McDonough, Was Ireland a Colony? Economics, Politics and Culture in Nineteenth–Century Ireland (Dublin, 2005)
Post–colonial theory has still prevailed in Irish literary and cultural studies for some time. New perspectives are coming up in the spheres of history
and economics. Lately, there has been a great need for the analysis of the entire history to come up with effective ways for persons to clearly
understand the history of Ireland. The nineteenth century Ireland is still in a dilemma due to the controversies that explain the value of colonial and
post–colonial Irish history and culture. There is always need to discuss colonial perspectives so as to better understand various aspects about this
country. This essay will focus on the analysis of Terrence McDonough's book and will analyze how the book was effective in giving an account of
Ireland's history.
This book basically analyzes the aspects of whether or not Ireland is a colony, and it also describes its political as well as the culture of its people.
Terence McDonough denotes in his introduction that the colonial experience of Ireland cannot be assumed in the development of a complete
understanding of the nineteenth century. From McDonough's point of view, the reluctance of not taking the colonial status into concern is in part due
to the influence of Northern Irish conflicts and the need for historical help and comfort of the affected ones during the era. If the nineteenth century
Ireland is not recognized

Jonathan Swift 's Literary Canon Of Politically And...
Thesis Statement: Jonathan Swift's literary canon of politically and comically–prolific satires, fantasies, and allegories was seasoned with his exposure
to the follies of the economic, religious and governing institutions of the British Empire, and thus, he sought to lampoon and caricature the current
events and social, cultural, religious, and political trends that were so omnipotent during his lifetime. Swift's exposure to the monarchical mentality
and rife factional conflicts pervading the political sector of England influenced a number of his literary works. A. In 1710, Swift, disgusted with their
alliance with the Dissenters, withdrew from the Whigs, aligned himself with the Tories, and took up the position of editor of the Tory newspaper The
Examiner (Cody). "But Swift did not thereby renounce his essentially Whiggish convictions regarding the nature of government. The old Tory theory
of the divine right of kings had no claim upon him. The ultimate power, he insisted, derived from the people as a whole and, in the English
constitution, had come to be exercised jointly by king, lords, and commons" (Quintana). Through his many articles and pamphlets that were written in
defense of Tory policies, Swift became one of the most effective spokespersons of any British administration. With the death of Queen Anne in August
1714 and the accession of George I, the Tories were a ruined party, and Swift's career in England was at an end. When Swift was writing Gulliver's

Irish Potato Famine Research Paper
First section: History of immigration to the United States It has been said that America is the land of immigrants.
During the years after the Revolutionary War and the earliest days of the republic there was, on average, 6000 immigrants per year. The earliest
versions of Congress didn't have much power to control immigration as they left that power to state governments. However in 1790 they passed the first
Naturalization Act, which stated "...any alien, being a free white person, may be admitted to become a citizen of the United States..." effectively ending
any hope at the time for free black people, indentured servants, or Native Americans of becoming citizens. It also provided for citizenship for the
children of U.S. citizens born abroad, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1846, the territorial legislature voted to apply for statehood. That fall, 124 delegates debated the state constitution. The document produced by this
convention was considered extremely progressive for its time. It banned commercial banking, granted married women the right to own property, and
left the question of African–American suffrage to a popular vote. Most Wisconsinites considered the first constitution to be too radical, however, and
voted it down in an April 1847 referendum. It was admitted to the Union on May 29, 1848 as 30th

A Proposal For A Legalization Of Abortion
Executive Summary The purpose of this policy paper is to address the egregious violation of rights that Ireland has submitted it's citizens to by
outlawing abortion procedures. This proposal calls primarily for a decriminalization of abortion and for the government to examine the religiosity of
both Ireland's political administration and the cultural view of abortion. The 2013 Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act fails to protect the maternal
health of woman and is failing due to the vagueness in language and inconsistency in implementation. That being said, the source of the problem lies in
the Eight Amendment of the Bunreacht na hГ‰ireann, the Irish Constitution, that defends that a fetus is an effective Irish citizen at the time of ... Show
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Women can experience serious, life threatening, and sometimes fatal complications during a pregnancy. The United Nations affirms that denying
access to abortion legally qualifies as torture as a dangerous pregnancy constitutes as an act by of severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental
(Convention Against Torture). Protection against this type of reproductive right violation is guaranteed by the The Convention on the Elimination of
all Forms of Discrimination Against Women, specifically Article 16.1; The Right to Decide the Number and Spacing of Children (CEDAW). In
December of 1985 Ireland acceded the Convention. Although Ireland did not ratify CEDAW and the document is not legally binding, adhering to these
human rights norms is an expectation that is on place on all the UN Member States. By criminalizing abortion Ireland violates these basic human rights
and infringes on a women's right to reproductive freedom
2. Origin/History of the Problem and Current ContextвЂЁThe Republic of Ireland has been view in the international community as a "morally
conservative country" (Bloomer 368). Contraception only became available in 1973 and divorce was prohibited until 1997. In 1983 the Eight
Amendment to the Irish Constitution (Article 40.3.3) equated the life of an unborn child to that of it's mothers and thus abortion was prohibited.
Recently in 2013, the Irish government sought to try and appease critiques of their strict abortion ban when the government passed

The 1937 Constitution
Introduction
I propose to discuss in this paper the evolution of the 1922 Constitution followed by 1937 Constitution. I will briefly outline the political structure that
was present at the time of the enactment of both constitutions. This essay will then outline the main areas of difference between the 1922 and 1937
Constitutions and highlight the major influence that Eamon De Valera had on the creation of Bunreacht Na hEireann. I believe the main areas of
difference between the 1922 and 1937 Constitution were the religious beliefs, the powers of State and the fundamental rights.
Political background
On Easter Monday, 24th April 1916 the Easter Rising broke out. This was a Rebellion of the Irish Nationalist against the rule of Great Britain. This
rebellion marked the beginning of Ireland gaining their Independence. Another attempt to gaining Independence of Ireland took place in 1919 when the
IRA fought the British Army in the war of independence which lasted over 2 and a half years and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A difference in both the constitutions is the replacement of the Governor General by The President of Ireland. This shows the elimination of British
influence in Irish politics. Another major change was that the Prime Minister is now known as the Taoiseach and that the government of Ireland takes
on the role formerly known as the executive council of the Irish Free State. From a fundamental right prospective the 1937 Constitution is deemed to
be superior to any other source of law and regards to making laws there is very little difference between both the 1937 and 1922

Ireland Is An Island Surrounded By The Celtic Sea And The...
Ireland is an island surrounded by the Celtic Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Mountain ranges cover a vast majority of its geographical structures.
Central Ireland is predominantly flat and its ground is most filled with clay and sand. The climate of Ireland has a lot to do with it being surrounded
by water; it stays usually about 50 degrees year around, having mild winters and cool summers. Ireland has long been a country of tradition and held
on to traditional values for very long, even when other countries should change. Even today, many Irish homes still follow some of the traditional
values which some argue to be the values of an individual with a well–rounded life. But this does not mean that the entire country employs these
values. In fact, the role of the family has changed significantly in the last couple of decades. In many 'traditional' Irish families, food and family life
were closely linked. Traditionally one parent (Mostly the female/mother) would stay at home to take care of the family and look after the home
duties such as cooking, cleaning etc. Nowadays this division of work (especially at home) has shifted slightly towards a more modern perspective.
Over the years it became more regular for both parents or females in general to be actively employed during the week. (ASK, 2016) This shifted may
have changed some parts of the traditional values and gender roles but according to a recent study by the European movement Ireland, the country still
has a long way to

Theme 1: Legislation. The Irish Constitution Enshrines
Theme 1: Legislation The Irish Constitution enshrines a guarantee of equality before the law. Article 40.1 states that 'all citizens shall, as human
persons, be held equal before the law'. Under the Constitution, every child has a protected right to education regardless of their needs or ability. The
right to education goes beyond academic achievement to the development of the child's personality, talents and abilities to their fullest potential and
providing them with the tools to live a full and responsible life within society. The State must ensure that children with disabilities have equal
opportunities to participate fully in education through the removal of barriers that impede the realisation of their rights. International... Show more
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However, the landmark report by the Special Education Review Committee (SERC) (1993) recommended that a continuum of educational provision be
established to facilitate the full–time placement of SEN students in mainstream schools with the allocation of additional support, favouring "as much
integration as is appropriate and feasible with as little segregation as is necessary". The White Paper on Education (1995) subsequently proposed that
"all students regardless of their personal circumstances have the right of access and participation in the educational system according to their potential
and ability." The ideals of the Salamanca Statement have been enshrined in The Education Act 1998 which ensures the right of all children to an equal
education. Section 6(c) of the Act, guarantees equality of access to, and participation in education for every child, including those with disabilities.
Under Section 21, educational establishments are required to develop a school plan. The Board of Management must regularly review and update this
plan setting out the measures that the school intends to take to achieve equality of access and participation in the school by students with disabilities.
Boards of Management must publish the school policy on the education of students with SEN, including details on enrolment, admission and
participation, arrangements for the identification of students with SEN, and how they can be provided for within the school system. They

The Pros And Cons Of The Northern Ireland Assembly
The Northern Ireland Assembly should be made up of 108 members being "elected from 18 constituencies" and having both an elected First Minister
as well as a Deputy First Minister. While most issues are resolved via a common majority it is possible for members to subscribe a petition of
concern which will lead to a decision being made via both a Unionist and a Nationalist assembly members' majority. In addition to those, the assembly
can decide on the legislation in Northern Ireland as long as it is within the limitations set by London. Furthermore, a Civic Forum should be introduced
to deal with "social, economic and cultural" matters. Ultimately, "the principles of non–violence and democracy" must be upheld by all members.
Strand 2 – North/South Ministerial Council
In order for the two states to co–operate and collaborate concerning affairs which affect both – such as the European Union – a North/South Ministerial
Council, consisting out of the First and Deputy First Minister of the Northern Ireland Assembly and two members of ... Show more content on
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Every seven years the Secretary of State can initiate a referendum if she/he believes that a majority of people would vote for a United Ireland.
Furthermore, if there is a majority for a United Ireland in Northern Ireland, then the government of the United Kingdom would have to allow it.
Moreover, every citizen has the right to declare themselves as either British or Irish and, if they want it, a dual citizenship has to be provided. At last,
by rephrasing Articles 2 and 3 of the Irish constitution the territorial claim over Northern Ireland will be abolished, the right of electoral consent is
supported and the Irish laws will, instead of applying to all 32 counties, only apply to

The Republic Of Ireland And The United Kingdom
The Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom
An Analysis of Governments, Politics, and Society in the Region
Conall P. MacKenzie
FP230 Short Paper
LCDR Rachael Gosnell
24SEP2015
Western Europe has grown exponentially since the colonial period, and the emergence of theRepublic of Ireland and a unified United Kingdom has
clearly shown that Europe's boarders are constantly changing. Each nation has evolved in its own ways over the course of its existence, but both
show many similarities that are highly visible in governing styles, political parties, and the societies themselves. These differences are what separate
the two states from one another. Since Ireland received independence from Great Britain in 1922, its governmental processes and political parties
have changed entirely from what they were before, thus causing a massive shift of the public view of Ireland, and the United Kingdom from the
early 20th century to present day. Now, it is readily apparent that even though they are incredibly different countries both are successful and in no
worry of becoming a failed state. However, there are dissimilarities between the governing styles as well as the types of party platforms in each
region that have aided their successes. Ireland was not always its own country. For a long period, it fell under the jurisdiction of Great Britain.
Throughout the early 20th century, Ireland looked to secede from Great Britain, leading to its eventual success in the act by

Assess The Role Of Catholicism In Ireland
From the conception of the modern Irish State in the beginning of the 20th century, Catholicism was enshrined in the structure of the state in Ireland
and determined the social norms and practices of society. A nation with a deep–rooted Catholic heritage that has had a profound impact on Irish history,
culture, tradition and identity. Once recognized throughout the world as a staunchly Catholic country with the doctrines of the Church enormously
entrenched in the Irish State and Irish society was imbued with Catholicism. Yet as each years passes in the 21st century the Catholic Church in
Ireland finds itself in a battle with rapid change and modernity. Due to its rigid and resolute teachings, despite pressure on change has led a proportion

liberation of ireland Essay
Liberation of Ireland
The 1916 Easter Rising
The Easter Rebellion, was an armed uprising of Irish nationalists against the rule of Great Britain in Ireland. The uprising occurred on Easter Monday,
April 24, 1916, and centred mainly in Dublin. The chief objectives were the attainment of political freedom and the establishment of an Irish republic.
Centuries of discontent, marked by numerous rebellions, preceded the uprising. The new crisis began to develop in September 1914, following the
outbreak of World War I, when the British government suspended the recently enactedHome Rule Bill, which guaranteed a measure of political
autonomy to Ireland. Suspension of the bill stimulated the growth of the Citizen Army, an illegal force of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Casement was convicted of treason and hanged. Many others prominently connected with the rebellion were sentenced to long prison terms. The
uprising was the first of a series of events that culminated in the establishment of the Irish Free State (predecessor of the Republic of Ireland) in 1921.
Casualties were about 440 British troops and an estimated 75 Irish (below are their names). Property damage included the destruction of about 200
buildings in Dublin.
The seven signatories of the Irish Proclamation (from the left):
Padraig Pearse, James Connolly, Thomas Clarke, Thomas MacDonagh, Sean MacDermott, Joseph Plunkett & Eamonn Ceannt
The Liberation
Irish liberation from British rule was achieved as the result of a struggle extending over several centuries and marked by numerous rebellions.
Following the Easter Rebellion, an uprising of Irish nationalists on Easter Monday, April 24, 1916, Sinn FГ©in became the most influential political
party in Ireland. This party, founded in 1905 by Arthur Griffith, a Dublin journalist, campaigned in the parliamentary election of 1918 on a program
that called for the severance of all ties with Great Britain, an end to the separatist movement in northern Ireland, and the establishment of an Irish
republic. Candidates of Sinn FГ©in won 73 of the 106 seats allotted to Ireland in the British Parliament.
The Irish Revolution (1919–22)
In January

The American Revolution : The Revolution
The American Revolution Revolutionizes the World
It was the first revolution to majorly succeed and change how people saw their countries, it was the American Revolution. The American Revolution
was the first successful revolution against a European empire that provided a model for many other colonial peoples who realized that they too could
break away and become self–governing nations (New world Encyclopedia, 1).The American Revolution was vital to history because ideas seen by other
countries started a chain reaction. Many ideas were taken into account when the Americans revolted against Europe and all of these played important
factors throughout history. Ideas about liberty, equality, representation, and natural rights were first seen as properly put into action to change old
systems in the American Revolution. As the American Revolution was the first to succeed and earn freedom, it greatly affected countries all around the
world on how they made freedom and equality a part of their government The American Revolution started when Britain started to tax the colonists
without their consent. The stamp acts started a chain reaction of discontent. The colonists realized they were being treated unfairly and unequal to the
citizens in Britain. Around this time when the Americans were facing discontent, many Enlightenment ideas were spreading. The colonists took many
ideas like John Locke's into mind when they planned their revolts. They were fighting for natural rights of

Women Access Information On Legal Abortions
Literature review
In an ultra–Catholic country, how do Irish women access information on legal abortions in the wake of the 'Miss X' case in 1992?
Introduction
In this literature review I will aim to provide an insight into how women in 21st century Ireland get access to information on safe, legal abortions in
other EU member states. It is a review on previous literature that assesses the situations and circumstances that led to information on travel and abortion
services becoming accessible to Irish women from 1995 in an amendment to the eighth amendment section 40.3.3 as a result of X v. Attorney General
(1992).
In this paper, I will aim to discuss the history of abortion services, and access to information from the early 1980's through to the current social
movement in Ireland 'Repeal the 8th', and how this relates to the overall literature review topic of 'The Spectatorship of Suffering'. The first section of
this review contains of an outline of Ireland 's constitutionally engrained protection of foetal rights and the way in which this was upset with the
Supreme Court 's decision in the Miss X case (1992), because the Court adopted the language of 'proper candidates ' for abortions. The second part
aims to outline how government efforts to reach a balance between pro–life and pro–choice beliefs and the uncertainty this created in the legal status of
abortion in Ireland. I will also hope to show how the judicial analysis of the Miss X case, alongside legislative

Problems that Need to be Overcome If Current Peace Talks...
Problems that Need to be Overcome If Current Peace Talks in Northern Ireland are to Succeed
In your answer you need to consider:
a) Two previous attempts made at peace in the last 20 years
b) The break through that have been made
c) The problems that still exist
Between 1980 and 1984 Margaret Thatcher held regular meetings with TaoiseachesCharles Haughey and then after she held meetings with Garret
Fitzgerald. The IRA violence was beginning to get out of control and both governments were getting very concerned. Margret Thatcher on other hands
was almost Killed by an IRA bomb in 1984 and things had to change. They were also concerned about the increasing support for the IRA's political ...
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The unionists were also strongly opposed to the Agreement. They didn't like the involvement of the Republic's government in the affairs ofNorthern
Ireland. The day after it was signed the News Letter summed up unionist opposition when it claimed "yesterday the ghosts of Cromwell and Lundy
walked hand in hand to produce a recipe for bloodshed and conflict which has few parallels in modern history."
In essence the Agreement represented a negotiation between the British and Irish governments. In return for Dublin's formal appreciation of the
legitimacy of Northern Ireland, London agreed to confer with the Republic's government on all matters relating to the rights of Northern Ireland's
nationalist minority. The new relationships were outlined in the Agreement's 13 Articles. These referred to:
В· The Status of Northern Ireland, Article 1;
В· The Intergovernmental Conference, Articles 2–4;
В· Political Matters, Articles 5–6; Security and Related Matters, Article 7;

В· Legal Matters including the administration of justice, Article 8;
В· Cross Border Co–operation on Security, Economic, Social and Cultural Matters, Articles 9–10;
В· Arrangements for Review, Article 11;
В· Interparliamentary Relations, Article 12 and

Taking Ireland For The Irish Essay
Another cause common to both groups of nationalists was "getting Ireland for the Irish", as O'Connell said during his efforts for Repeal, or ensuring
that the Irish people had control of their own affairs. This might not seem like a major problem today, but at that point, Ireland was being governed
from another country that many felt didn't have their best interests at heart. William Ewart Gladstone, the British Prime Minister in 1886, brought up
this issue when introducing the first Home Rule bill to the House of Commons. Because the law came to Ireland "with a foreign aspect, and in a
foreign garb", it didn't feel to the people to be truly Irish law or coming from their needs. Because of this, even legislation with good intentions were
met with distrust and displeasure. He argued that sometimes it wasn't enough that the laws were good; they needed to come from the right source as
well. There were, however, points to be left to the Crown, including imperial affairs, the armed forces, and foreign relations. They also shouldn't pass
a law favoring one religion over another. The Home Rule Conference agreed on these points, asking only for control over domestic affairs to be placed
in the hands of an Irish Parliament. They also agreed in the belief that increasing Irish autonomy would strengthen and honor the Crown rather than
weakening or degrading it.
An Irish government was also a goal of the revolutionary nationalists, though they supported a different form, which will be

Work Experience Report
Introduction The report investigates the Organisation of Deirdre K. Ryan & Co Solicitors Office. I completed my work experience at
Deirdre K. Ryan & Co. Solicitors. This office was my choice because of its wide range of cases they deal with, it is a wildly know in the area
and the location was also convenient This report will focus on five things about the office and the work experiment. The paper describes the
organizational structure in the company, the range of occupations in the legal sector, a particular occupation of a solicitor, and the career opportunities
in the legal sector. The objectives of the report are to conduct primary and secondary research to achieve the aims of this paper. This workplace was
the perfect... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The role of the judge is "the disinterested application of known law." He or she seeks to resolve controversies between individuals and the State
and its citizens. In criminal case the trial happens in front of a single judge or a judge and a jury. Historically the alternative was trial by combat.
http://www.ehall.ie) Jurors are very important in the justice system. They are selected at random and are sworn to give a verdict based on the
evidence given in a court case the assumption is that ordinary people applying their common sense can arrive at a fair and reasonable verdict.
Juries need to decide on facts which are often disputed. They are usually present at criminal trials. They have to decide if the accused person is
guilty or innocent. The guilt of an accused person has to be proved beyond reasonable doubt. Civil cases do not generally have a jury. (http:/
/www.courts.ie) Courts system in Ireland Children Court The Children Court deals with children under 18 years of age and came into operation in
2002. The Children Act 2001 sets out the various rules regarding the Children Court. District Court The District Court is organised on a regional basis
and is the lowest court in the Irish court system. Small Claims Court The Small Claims Court in Ireland provides an inexpensive, fast and easy way for
consumers to resolve disputes without a solicitor. Find out how the Court

Pros And Cons Of Gun Control In The United States
Controlling Our Guns is not the Way to go Being a daughter of a game warden and also growing up in the rural southern parts of Tennessee, I have
always been exposed to firearms my entire life. There is a famous quote that is relevant to gun control, "there are no bad guns, only bad men"
(Squires, 2002). Placing restrictions on firearms has been one of the biggest political affairs in not only America but other countries as well. Firearms
in America make up $24 billion of our economy, therefore, we can say that guns play a major role in the U.S. Many people believe implementinggun
laws and regulations seems to be more of a disadvantage than an advantage to our country, because gun control has failed in places like Ireland and the
United Kingdom. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The definition of gun control involves politics, legislation, and how the use of firearms is being restricted (Charles, 2015). The main arguments over
gun control is mainly a relationship between the state's powers to regulate public order over citizens (Spitzer, 1998). Controlling our guns does not
reduce crime and violence which has been demonstrated by other countries such as Ireland and the United Kingdom and the United States government
should look to those countries as examples. When the Founding Fathers wrote the Constitution, they wrote it based on justice and what was fair to the
American people. The purpose of the Constitution is to be the law of the land, therefore, it establishes and maintains order for that provides a guiding
hand for citizens (Spitzer, 1998). Laws banning firearms would only be followed by the law–abiding. Citizens living in the United States have had
access to guns since the beginning when they were used to hunt and gather food and as a mean of protection. Nowadays, hunting is still a sport enjoyed
by millions, who already have many regulations that they must follow. When the Second Amendment was written, it was meant for everyone is the
United States. Its intentions were for Americans to be able to protect themselves in times of

The Catholic Church Essay
Introduction
3. Religion in Ireland
Inglis (2007) believed that the Catholic Church was once the backbone of strong cohesive family networks and community structures that created a
sense of belonging and identity in Ireland . It provided the Irish people with a certain comfort and solace and its teachings were central to the way
Irish people thought. Irish Catholics were deeply spiritual people who once devoted their lives to the Church (inglis 2007).
(Giddens, 2010) states religion is necessary and functional for human societies, not because it offers realistic or 'true' answers to the mysteries of the
universe, but because it brings together communities of worshippers and constantly recreates social bonds and thus strengthens solidarity.
Many people believe that Ireland is, in some official way, a Catholic country. While Catholics are, by a mile, the largest religious grouping in Ireland,
there is no reference at all in the Irish Constitution to Catholicism (IHRC, 2011)
There are references to religion in the constitution, right from its opening line: "In the Name of the Most Holy Trinity, from whom is all authority
and to whom, as our final end, all actions both of men and States must be referred". Religious belief is acknowledged: "The State acknowledges that
the homage of public worship is due to Almighty God." However there is no reference to the Catholic Church, no religious body is given preference
over any other and in fact the constitution goes on to state in

Becoming A Permanent Sitting Member Of The United Nations...
Dear United Nations Secretary–General Ban Ki Moon, I would first and foremost like to thank you for entertaining my countries proposal to become a
permanent sitting member of the United Nations Security Council. The United Nations leads an invaluable expedition to attain peace and international
security throughout the world. On behalf of the people of the Republic of Ireland, I can assure you that we honor our membership by maintaining
goals, policies and values that serve only to promote this mission. Ireland has always been famed for its neutrality in times of war, its freedom of
press, expression and civil liberties, and it has been a strong proponent of the UN's promotion of universal standards for human rights. This memo will
consist ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These countries are infringing upon the UN's universally recognized civil liberty of freedom of press. Ireland is certainly not one of those countries.
In fact, Ireland ranks #11 globally in the Reporters Without Borders report on freedom of press. At #11, Ireland actually has a higher freedom of
press ranking than any current member of the UNSC, excluding New Zealand. Ireland also has no recorded "abuses" toward journalists, which cannot
be said for any current UNSC member except for the United Kingdom. This comparison in ranking between Ireland and the permanent members of the
UNSC can be seen below.
Reporters Without Borders Rankings
CountryFreedom of Press RankAbuse Score
Ireland11None
United Kingdom34None
France3824.85
United States4931.78
Russia15260.38
China17689.64
Another example of Ireland's peacekeeping policies is the countries low expenditures towards its military. Ireland has only budgeted about $440
million U.S dollars to fund the maintenance and expansion of its standing army for the year 2015. This is a miniscule amount compared to the tens
of billions of dollars that each permanent member of the UNSC has budgeted for their militaries. figure A My country of Ireland has historically
taken positions of neutrality when it comes to war, and Ireland's minor military spending only serves as more evidence of our preference of peaceful
resolve over force and military action.

Robert Emmet : Irish Political Patriot
Robert Emmet: Irish Political Patriot "Let my character and my motives repose in obscurity and peace, till other times and other men can do them
justice; Then shall my character be vindicated. –Then may my epitaph be written." –Robert Emmet (Kilfeather, 107) To be willing to die for one's
cause is to pay the ultimate sacrifice. Irish patriot, Robert Emmet was executed for striving for his country's independence. Even though Emmet only
lived to the age of twenty–five, during his life, he was dedicated to improving the lives of the Irish people. On September 20, 1803, Robert Emmet was
put to killed for fighting to break free from British rule (Murphy, 2003). However, Emmet's efforts were not futile, his political views continue to...
Given that the Catholics were being oppressed, it wasn't surprising that there was tension in Ireland.
2.Early life of Robert Emmet
On March 4, 1778, Robert Emmet was born in Dublin, Ireland. His father, Dr. Robert Emmet, was a court physician to the British rulers in Ireland this
gave the family strong political ties. The Emmet family was also well to do. Growing up in a privileged Protestant family, Emmet went on to receive an
education from Trinity College in Dublin. At Trinity, Emmet developed a strong sense of "equality and fraternity." In 1791, Emmet joined the United
Irishmen, where he had dreamed to escape British/Catholic control (Kelly, nd.). Even though Emmet belonged to a wealthy family, he was aware of the
injustices that were occurring throughout Ireland.
3.Unintended Uprising
As the years went on, Emmet searched for ways to overthrow the British rule. In 1798, Emmet hid in exile in Europe, after a previous uprising had
failed. While there, he looked to rally the French to help him and fellow Irishmen drive the British from Ireland (Kelly, nd.). Emmet did not receive
the help of the French he wanted, so he returned to Ireland in 1802. Upon arrival, he found his friends, Thomas Russell and James Hope, had begun
constructing their own weapons. Most of the weapons were explosives and pikes. (Kates, 2015) Even though Emmet had organized plans to take
Dublin Castle, he didn't have the chance to fully prepare how he wanted to. On July 23, 1803, some of

Religion in James Joyce's Dubliners Essay
Religion in James Joyce's Dubliners Religion was an integral part of Ireland during the modernist period, tightly woven into the social fabric of its
citizens. The Catholic Church was a longstanding tradition of Ireland. In the modernist spirit of breaking away from forces that inhibited growth, the
church stood as one of the principal barriers. This is because the Catholic faith acted as the governing force of its people, as portrayed in ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is mainly due to the fact that both adhere to a certain agreed ideas of how people should act. The majority of any given population makes
decisions on a daily basis using both law and religion to guide their actions. However, when matters of fairness and equity are questioned the
government must make an adhered to ruling. In the story "The Boarding House", Joyce presents us with an image of Ireland where religion is the
governing force in determining equitable situations. This is clearly apparent when Mrs. Mooney experiences trouble with her marriage and seeks a
separation. This situation is described as, "She went to the priest and got a separation from him with care of the children" (72). For most societies a
situation like this would fall under the category of civil law, and be decided in a court of law. The fact that Mrs. Mooney went to the priest to solve a
domestic dispute, and not to an attorney shows that the citizens of Ireland regarded the church as the head figure of Ireland. Anytime that the ruling
authority of a country is anything other than its own constitution, the only outcome is a constricted and less prosperous society. This is evident in
emerging countries where two or more political parties fighting for control of the people. When a religion is the head of state for a country, the
actions of its people are subjected to moral and ethical beliefs. This is unfair in concept, due to the fact not all citizens of a

The Strengths of the U.K. Constitution Essay
The Strengths of the U.K. Constitution Britain's need for a codified constitution, as a unitary state, is different. The United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland is also a political union, but based on the sovereignty of the national Parliament. The UK now has a Scottish Parliament and
Northern Ireland Assembly able to pass their own domestic legislation and a National Assembly for Wales which can make secondary legislation. But
all these were created by and are subordinate to the Westminster Parliament, as are all 468 county, borough, district and unitary councils. Parliamentary
sovereignty also entails the right to make or unmake any law whatever. This means that (a) historically... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This to some, is regarded as a strength, as the constitution can adapt to political developments and changing circumstances and is, therefore, less likely
to contain outdated rules and obligations. Codified constitutions tend to be less flexible and contain special rigid procedures that must be followed
before any constitutional changes can be introduced. As a result to this, changes are usually rare. The UK constitution has many sources to it, and how
it was created in the first place. The Habeas Corpus Act of 1679 gives some protection for the citizen against wrongful imprisonment. It enables anyone
who has been confined to demand to be brought before a court for a free trial. The strengths of the UK constitution is that it is flexible and is easy to
update if laws are changed. If it needs to change in future then it can continue to evolve. It is not entrenched unlike the constitution of the United States
of America. The current system of an uncodified constitution provides a strong and effective government. There is accountability and supreme
authority. Compared to the US Constitution, the rule of law in the UK is seen as all are equal under the law and the government must respect the laws
when making decisions and taking action. Such a rule is strength to the

вЂ Write a Short Essay Critically and Concisely Discussing...
'Write a short essay critically and concisely discussing the binding sources of law in modern Ireland.'
Binding sources of law in Irish law are the sources created by the binding authorities, that is to say the rules which must be followed in adjudication.
Adjudication is the fact that the judicial decision is binding on the parties involved in a case. Binding authorities must be distinguished from persuasive
authorities. Sources coming from persuasive authorities can eventually be followed in certain circumstances. There is a hierarchy in the sources of
Irish law. Thus, the sources that are going to be studied in this essay are European law, the Irish Constitution, International law, the Legislation and
Case law. Ireland joined the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By a legislative act, Irish courts are allowed to use this jurisprudence in Irish law. So the European law is superior to the Irish Constitution,
International law, Irish legislation and Irish case law. The second most important and binding source of law in Irish law is the Irish Constitution. The
Constitution of Ireland is the basic law of the State. It was adopted by plebiscite in 1937. It is the successor of the Constitution of DГЎil Г‰ireann
(1919) and the Constitution of the Irish Free State (1922). The Constitution states that all legislative, executive and judicial powers of Government
derive from the people. It sets out the form of government and defines the powers of the President, the two Houses of the Oireachtas and the
Government. It also defines the structure and powers of the courts, sets out the fundamental rights of citizens and contains a number of directive
principles of social policy for the general guidance of the Oireachtas. The Constitution may be amended only by referendum. In operation since 1937, it
sets general principles about the Irish state. For instance it sets the principle of the separation of powers. It also establishes the judiciary system. As well
as this it creates a parliamentary democracy based on the British parliamentary system. Moreover it establishes fundamental principles and rights
concerning its relation with its citizens, and with other sovereign states. For instance

The Rights Of The United Kingdom
Although the restraints around contraception were loosening, the Irish State remained firm in their belief on abortions. A referendum on the 8th
Amendment of the Constitution Act, 1983 was elected by Irish citizens. The article was amended to read: "The State acknowledges the right to life of
the unborn and, with due regard to the equal right to live of the mother, guarantees in its laws to respect, and as far as practicable, by its laws to defend
and vindicate that right." While the United Kingdom passed the Abortion Act 1967 that allowed women to legally terminate a pregnancy under certain
circumstances, Irishwomen remained under the jurisdiction of the Offences Against the Person Act 1861. The 8th Amendment, or Article 40.3.3п‚°,...
The Attorney General discovered the Irish teen's situation and sought an injunction under Article 40.3.3п‚° for "the right to life of the unborn",
delaying the procedure; the girl then threatened to commit suicide if she was not permitted an abortion. The attorney general was not justified in
extending the law of abortion to other states where the services were legal since the law of Ireland did not extend to other countries. The preference
for the life of the unborn child over the mother was evident in the court case. However, the circumstance for the loss of both lives called for immediate
action in order to preserve any life. The teenage girl was allowed an abortion under Article 40.3.3п‚° claiming "due regard to the equal right to life of
the mother". As a result of this court case, the 13th and 14th Amendments of the Constitution were made to Article 40.3.3п‚° to legalize information on
abortive services abroad and for the freedom to travel outside of Ireland for an abortion. The Regulation of Information (Services outside the State for
Termination of Pregnancies) Act, 1995 further outlined the 13th and 14th Amendments by requiring the patient to make the appointment for abortion
abroad, mandatory pregnancy counseling, and for the information on abortion services to be provided along with information on parenting and
adoption. The Censorship of Publications Act,

The Legacy Of John Ireland
Unlike presidents, state governors tend to fade in the memories of citizens. Overtime, despite many accomplishments and two terms, John Ireland has
joined the long–lost list of forgotten governors. The mention of his name fails to incite anything but blank expressions from Texas citizens. In light of
his influence on one of Texas ' most famed buildings, it might seem as though his name might ring a couple of bells, but no such luck. Clearly,
John Ireland has been forgotten for too long. What did this man do for Texas and why should he be remembered? Time to find out. Although
Ireland lived in Texas for the majority of his life, he was born in Millerstown, Kentucky in January of 1827 (Elliot). His lifetime law career began at
the young age of eighteen when he took on a deputy sheriff position in his home county (Who was John Ireland?). Even in the face of "limited
educational opportunities" (his parents were Irish immigrants), Ireland succeeded in becoming a lawyer in 1852 (Johnson 42). Only a year after this
triumph, John moved to Seguin, Texas and began a prosperous law career (Johnson 43). Following the "proper" order of things, Ireland married
Matilda Wicks Faircloth in 1854, but she would die two years later (Elliot). However, John Ireland does not seem to be the kind of man anyone could
keep down for long, as he married again in 1857 (Elliot). With his new wife, Anna Maria Penn, Ireland had three daughters (Elliot). Although he was
starting a family, John continued

Diversity Judicial System Analysis
In this essay I will define what is judiciary and be discussing the statement that "there is a strong case for more diverse judiciary. Not only should
there be equality of opportunity for those entitled to apply". I will discuss about the judiciary that reflect the diversity and legal profession as whole,
make reference to the role of the judiciary, their selection, and training.
Judiciary is a system that interprets and execute the laws in the state, the role of the judiciary is to supervise the conduct of a trial, sole arbiter of
legal issues, has the power to deal with civil cases and decide the result, interpret and clarify the law, has the right to deal with criminal cases and to
sum up to the jury and to pass sentence on those who plead guilty or have been convicted.
For many centuries the House of Lords was the supreme court of appeal for the entire UK in civil cases and for England, Wales and Northern Ireland
in criminal case. There are three types of legal system in the United Kingdom and these are executive, government and legislature; one each for
England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. There was a time where Scotland, Ireland and later Northern Ireland retained the Acts of Union in 1707
and 1800.
The justice system has state of three systems that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The United Kingdom constitution can be recognised in the statutes passed by the parliaments and in the common law, as the law has build–up over the
centuries in the decisions of the courts. Other countries like United states, France and German has a written constitution and that has a higher status
than the standard legislation and constitutional provision that may only enacted and repealed by a special method that vary from the procedure for
making and repealing standard

Abolitionist As Abolitionism
abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman. My works earned me the name of "The living counter–argument" against slaveholder's claims that slaves
lacked enough intelligence to become functional American citizens (Douglass, para. 10). After the publication of my first autobiography, many
believed that the publicity garnered from the book would gain the attention my last master Hugh auld. They thought that he would come for me
and suggested that I travel to Ireland like many other slaves had done before. In Ireland, the sense of freedom and equality there astounded me.
For the first time in my life, I felt like an ordinary citizen. Nobody gazed at me as like I was a wild livestock roaming down a street. I can enter the
same buildings through the same doors as white people can. Nobody comes to me and says anything when I sit with them. No one offers objection
and tries to guide me out saying "We don't serve niggers here." (Douglas, para 27). I spent nearly two years in overseas traveling and giving
lectures in churches, I have traveled this route over a million times. I met Thomas Clarkson in 1846. He was one of the last living abolitionist in
England who helped bring an end to slavery in Great Britain colonies. During this travel, I also finally became legally free, thank to the help of Anna
Richardson and her sister Ellen and others who raised funds to by my freedom. Though I was encouraged by many to stay in Ireland, I couldn't bear
the thought of leaving my wife and

A Developed Country As The Most Socially Progressive States
Also, I would prefer to focus on a developed country as the most socially progressive states have the most influence in the global market and are
often compared with the United States. Ireland, an island of 27000 square miles and a population of 4.6 million is ranked 6th in HDI as of 2014,
proves to have a high degree of development, on par with Germany and ahead of the US (at 8th). This is reflected in Ireland's healthy social progress
and economic efficiency. The GDP per capita is ~$45,000 with only ~5% of the country's population below the poverty line compared to 15% for the
US. Ireland is also also a very peaceful country and ranked 11th for income equality with a 34.3 GINI (2013). Throughout the history of Ireland, the
country and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Widespread trade commenced in the period starting in 2500 BC to 400 AD with the population consisting of various different rival groups, called the
Celts, who shared a polytheistic, pagan religion. This religion influenced stories and mythology surrounding the ancient monuments and their use.
Shortly after the year 400, St. Patrick brought Christianity to Ireland, which remained the dominant religion while many Celtic traditions were
retained. During this period, a change in religion and the fall of the nearby Roman Empire, Ireland enjoyed prosperity, but was invaded by the
Vikings. They plundered some of the newfound riches and treasures but also established Dublin and many other important cities, such as Wexford,
Waterford, Cork, and Limerick. This control by the vikings ended around 1200 when the Normans (from modern day France) invaded and conquered
England and Ireland, establishing a lordship which began the next several hundred years of British rule. By 1600 much of this dependency was in the
form of plantations controlled by Britain, and in 1641 a rebellion was staged by the protestant colonists. Similar conflict continued into the 1700s, and
hundreds of thousands of people died during the first major famine of Ireland in 1740. A second uprising took place in 1798, shortly after which
Ireland was formally joined with

The Difference Between The Women Situation Of Ireland From...
Introduction
The aim of this report is to compare the difference between the women situation in Ireland from the independence till the present day, how it changed
during those years.
One of the biggest impacts to Irish society in the past 50 years has been the changing the role of women, with more females participating in the
workforce and more in professional positions – and this has caused relationship and family dynamics to shift.
Until the last few years of the twentieth century Ireland was the most sexually repressed country in Europe, where women were classed as the second
type citizens and the Catholic Church ruled virtually unchallenged. Church and state maintained that women should hold a certain morality,
particularly relating to areas of sexuality and reproduction. As a result, until relatively recently, Irish women's issues remained largely ignored and
therefore unremarked upon.
(Irish Constitution 1922)
One of the questions facing the Cosgrave government in 1922 with the establishment of the Irish Free State was the role of women in the new State.
The 1916 Proclamation of the Republic had claimed the "allegiance of every Irishman and Irishwoman" and guaranteed "equal rights and equal
opportunities to all its citizens". All had their hopes dashed. Both governments led by Cosgrave in the 1920s and Fianna Fail governments led by de
Valera in the 1930s enacted legislation depriving women of a number of rights.
In 1924, the government proposed to exempt all

The Binding Sources of Law in Modern Ireland.
When given the task of discussing the sources of law in modern Ireland, two sub–categories always spring to mind. Firstly, the persuasive sources of
law which do not always have to be followed. Contrasting with these are the binding sources of law, which are always enforceable. I will focus on
and discuss the latter throughout this paper. I will compare and contrast the binding sources of law in the following categories; Common law, European
law, Constitutional law, Legislation, Jurisprudence, Custom. "Sources of law are the legal origins of rules", in my opinion, the most influential source
of law in Ireland today is Common law. Although Brehon law preceded it, Common law is more apparent in our legal system today. Common law...
Ireland's third Constitution, Bunreacht na hГ‰ireann, "takes precedence over other, inferior, sources of law". A basic example to demonstrate this
in action today is that under Common law, English was Ireland's first language. It states however in Bunreacht na hГ‰ireann that Irish, not English
is technically our first language and therefore the previous Common law is no longer binding. As I discussed earlier, the Treaty of Lisbon was
rejected by the Irish people. This rejection was the result of a referendum, which has to take place if our Constitution is to be amended. I, as a 19
year old took part in voting in this referendum. Experiencing our Constitutional law in action made me realise that our progression from Common law
to Constitutional law is more democratic. Legislation is law that is made in Ireland today by the Oireachtas. It is known as Statute Law. In theory
there would be a scope for the legislators (the Oireachtas) to take advantage of this and enact any law they liked. In Ireland today, the legislators cannot
enact a law that conflicts with our Constitution. The most recent example of Statute law in Ireland is the Intoxicating Liquor Act, where the legislators
enacted a new legislation that restricts the times that liquor can be sold in supermarkets etc. Therefore, this law is binding on the Irish people today as
it does not interfere with our Constitutional rights. Jurisprudence is "the theoretical analysis of legal issues at the

Similarities Between Parliamentary And Presidential System
Michaela Ottenberg
12/17/17
Part C: Compare & Contrast Paper
While democracies can flourish in both presidential and parliamentary systems of government, parliamentary systems have a special advantage to the
US system because of their multiparty nature. With the growth of party polarization in the United States, the two–party model is not able to properly
support a presidential system. Thus, the United States could learn from multiparty parliamentary systems. While multiparty systems can create issues,
especially because a group can wield a great deal of authority without a simple majority, parliamentary systems still lend themselves to stronger
leadership. For instance, presidential systems can attract political outsiders with little experience in governance. Parliamentary systems foster
leadership that tends, on average, to have more experience and thus stronger leadership.
When comparing parliamentary and presidential systems, depending on the nation state, the two systems can have a lot of similarities. This paper will
explore the similarities and differences between Ireland's parliamentary republic and America's presidential system. Both Ireland and the United States
have a president; however, in Ireland the President serves a 7–year term and is the head of their lawmaking body, the House of Oireachtas (Barrington
103). Like the United States Congress, the House of Oireachtas is a bicameral legislative body, meaning that it is made up of two chambers: the Dail
and the

Were De ValeraвЂ™s personal Catholic views responsible for...
Were De Valera's personal Catholic views responsible for the religious elements in the Irish Constitution?
Eamon De Valera put much effort into the making of the Irish Constitution. In fact he is said to have "helped to confirm the stable, constitutional
direction of the independent Irish state. " The Constitution is often referred to as "De Valera's Constitution " as it was something that he put so much
effort and time into. Chubb has said that at times, De Valera seemed to see Catholicism and Irishness as the one and the same. He uses a reference
from De Valera's Patrick's Day broadcast to demonstrate this; "Since the coming of St. Patrick, fifteen hundred years ago,Ireland has been a Christian
and a Catholic nation. All the ruthless ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After reading it, De Valera replied that the majority of the work could not be used in the actual body of the constitution, but perhaps in the preamble.
It seems that the committee of Jesuits were worried that Cahill had "gone rogue" and was adding bits to their suggestions without telling them. As a
result of this their report was to be "a formal submission qhich would be sent to De Valera as an official presentation from the Irish Province of
Jesuits" rather than going through Cahill as they had previously been doing. Three intellectuals John McErlean, Joseph Canavan and Edward Coyne
were appointed to this project to help Cahill. Fr Coyne said that a constitution "should define ...... the rights of the individual..... which he could not
surrender to any Government." They looked to the preamble of the Polish constitution for inspiration on the following subjects; the rights of the
family (in particular education), religion to be thought in denominational schools (where possible), the state would not be able to dissolve a valid
marriage, State relations with the Catholic Church were to be defined by a Concordat, freedom of religious worship, ecclesiastical property, private
property, freedom of speech and of the press. These were initially taken by the group from the Polish constitution and then tweaked to suit Ireland.
Cahill tried to pass this work off as his

The Controversialism Is The Presidential System Of Government
Thesis Statement
Presidentialism is a system of government in which the president is elected both chief executives and as head of government (Ogelsby & SuГЎrez,
1968) and is the main system of democratic government apart from parliamentary systems. Presidential systems tend to centralise priorities of the
government to stabilise society. Normally, they are classed into separate regions of power; where theexecutive, legislative and judicial branches of
government are dependent on one another and cannot work effectively in deeply divided societies. This argument is ruled by the fact that they are
1) divisive, causing isolation between different political, cultural and religious groups. Elites are prioritised over minority working class groups and
2) inherently majoritarian, as only a single position is given, causing proportionality to become impossible. In places such as Latin America and
Northern Ireland, we see the ways in which these theories have proven ineffectiveness. However, presidential systems aim to separate powers in
order to protect citizens' rights and deter abuse of power for good governance overall. Moreover, presidential systems, however, have quick
decisiveness in resolving societal issues. Without effective separation; executive, legislative and judicial powers, would be at risk. Lastly, in divided
societies; some have been forced to adopt presidential systems, but have unsuccessfully done so, due to not achieving independent judiciaries and
separation of

Should Same Sex Marriage Be Legal?
Introduction
The world is supplementary changing, they needs to be a different prospective of seeing marriage equality. These should lead to the high court to
make a decision based on public needs. The essay will explain in depth of the different formalities that can be taken by the federal parliament.
Principles
A plebiscite is a national vote from the public. The vote will determine how the public feels about same sex marriage. Although a plebiscite vote can
happen, it is not a binding decision. A binding referendum is a fair process as we can determine of Australians agree or disagree with act . A
referendum is a vote, which will be in favor of change in constitution A Court decision is when the judges change the law. A Parliamentary vote will
legalize same–sex marriage in Australia .
Public law
Public law is the law governing relations amongst people and the state. The public has the right to freedom of thought and rights of equality, human
rights and non–discrimination. A human right advances the promise of human rights and to the degree that it might likewise restrict human rights these
constraints are sensible, fundamental and equal. Not allowing person of a different gender lets the public to state that they don't have the same rights
as us. This shows that our society is discriminating against same sex marriage is all right, when in fact its not. In the recent high court case
Commonwealth v Act it was held that parliament have power to legalize same sex

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