1. Hastie, P. (1998). The Participation and
Perceptions of Girls Within a Unit of Sport
Education. Journal of Teaching in Physical
Education, 17, 157-171.
Kathleen Wack and David Robertson
2. Type of, purpose of study/paper,
• Quantitative and Qualitative
• Examined the participation and perceptions of
6th grade girls in a season of floor hockey in
the Sport Education Curriculum Model for PE
5. Background:
Sports Education Model
• Activity based approach
• Primary objective is to help students become
skilled sports participants and good sports
people
• Allows students to experience the positive
values of sports in a manner similar to being
involved in an interscholastic sports program.
6. • Goal is to help students experience such
qualities as working to reach a deferred goal,
teamwork, loyalty, commitment,
perseverance, dedication, and concern for
other people.
• Outcome is that students become competent,
literate, and enthusiastic sports participants.
Background:
Sports Education Model
7. Six characteristics:
1. Involves seasons rather than units
2. Students become members of teams and
remain with that team for the entire season
3. Seasons are defined by formal competition
(which is interspersed with teacher-and-student
directed practice sessions)
4. Culminating event for each season
5. Extensive records kept and publicized
6. There is a festive atmosphere
Background:
Sports Education Model
8. Background:
The Feminist Perspective
• Previous research shows that there is a
“strong potential for girls to be marginalized in
physical education” (p. 158).
9. Significance of Study
• Gender socialization in physical education
• Girls can be successful given this curriculum
model
• Girls had a more cohesive bond with the
athletic boys
10. Methods/Analysis: Participants
• 35 6th grade girls from a rural Alabama middle
school who take part in a daily co-educational
PE program.
• Researcher was the facilitator along with his
12 college students
11. Methods/Analysis
• 20 lessons videotaped
• Frequency and success rates of students’
opportunities to respond (OTR) were charted
at 4 minute intervals
• Judged:
– Successful
– Unsuccessful
– Off-task
– Modify task
http://youtu.be/VVIoJndml-g
12. Analysis Methods
• OTR Data
• Interview Data
• Reliability Checks:
– Simultaneous observations of 5 minute segments
of video by other raters
– Data counts of student roles
– 20 small group interviews
13. Findings
• Girls enjoyed the experience in participating within a
unit of Sport Education
• Structural arrangement of the class
• FUN—Skill dimension and a Social dimension (having
some control of the lesson)
• OTR—Decreased during first phase, Increased during
third phase (lessons 11-20)
• Authority Positions (Captain and Referee) limited for
girls—boys are naturally better at sports (Interviews)
• Equity issues still need to be addressed—promoted
gender role socialization
14. Conclusions
• Girls had success—Skill and Social
• Gender issues still prevalent in PE
• TEAM brought students together
• Girl’s felt increased personal involvement
• The Season--Length
15. Implications for future research
• Conduct similar studies today, such as football
and volleyball
• Conduct studies utilizing the Sport Education
Model and it’s underpinnings—specifically
researching “equity officer” and the findings
related to student-directed sport and gender-
fair physical education
16. What We Took From This Article
• “Although not outwardly promoting these
opinions, did nothing to correct or modify
them.” (p. 168).
• “This was a physical education environment
that promoted gender role socialization.” (p.
169)
17. Questions To The Audience
• What has changed, now 16 years after
publication of this article?
• Are university teacher preparation programs
teaching pre-service physical education
teachers to address this issue in a way that
promotes gender equality in the gymnasium?
What’s trending on Social Media right now: Emma Watson’s Speech to the UN regarding HeforShe Movement.
Click on the picture of her for the hyperlink to the YouTube video.
Clip quote: “Feminism too often is synonymous with man-hating. This has to stop. By definition, feminism is defined as “The belief that mena and women should have equal rights and opportuniites. The theory of political, economic, and social equality of the sexes.”
What’s trending on Social Media right now: Emma Watson’s Speech to the UN regarding HeforShe Movement.
Click on the picture of her for the hyperlink to the YouTube video.
Clip quote: “Feminism too often is synonymous with man-hating. This has to stop. By definition, feminism is defined as “The belief that mena and women should have equal rights and opportunities. The theory of political, economic, and social equality of the sexes.”
