Research has shown that changes in the way issues are framed can h.docx

•Download as DOCX, PDF•

0 likes•2 views

Research has shown that changes in the way issues are framed can have powerful effects on people’s opinions (Hudson, 2014). Policymakers often use framing to try to change the public’s opinion on policy and programs. Chapters 4 & 9 of your textbook, The New Politics of Old Age Policy , discuss the framing and counter-framing efforts that have occurred in recent years related to Social Security. Identify a framing or counter-framing effort discussed in Chapter 4 or 9. In your post, explain the effort and whether or not it was successful or made inroads toward the goal of influencing public opinion. Support your statements with evidence from the Required Studies and your research. Cite and reference your sources in APA style. References Hudson, R. (Ed). (2014). The new politics of old age policy (3rd ed.). Baltimore, John Hopkins. .

Education

The issue of means-testing is discussed in Chapter 12 of The New Politics of Old Age Policy. Typically, means-testing programs are intended for the poor. Eligibility is based on a household’s income. However, the authors point out that there can be different meanings to the term means-testing and explain that there is difference between means-testing revenue and means-testing benefits. (Hudson, 2014) For the purposes of this assignment, you will focus on means-testing benefits. There are those who believe Social Security and Medicare benefits should be targeted at those with the greatest need. Select 1) Social Security OR 2) Medicare to discuss. Take a position for or against means-testing benefits for the program you selected. Defend your position. Support your statements with evidence from the Required Studies and your research. Cite and reference your sources in APA style. References Hudson, R. (Ed). (2014). The new politics of old age policy (3rd ed.). Baltimore, John Hopkins. .

172-560-1-PB

Margaret Glide

This document summarizes a study analyzing advice given on the r/Mexico subreddit in both Spanish and English. The study used computer-mediated discourse analysis to examine how advice was realized through speech acts and how it was evaluated through the subreddit's voting system. It found that direct advice strategies using imperatives were preferred in both Spanish and English threads. Advice comments employing additional supporting information like personal experiences tended to receive positive evaluations from the community. The study aimed to contribute new insights on cross-linguistic differences in online advice-giving and how virtual communities perceive different discourse strategies.

Health Communication in the United StatesCase Studies and Less.docx

pooleavelina

Health Communication in the United States Case Studies and Lessons from the Field Chapter 15 Schiavo, R. Health Communication: From Theory to Practice, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, Second Edition, 2013. All rights reserved. Overview/Objectives Review case studies and draw lessons that can be learned through the process of designing, implementing and evaluating a health communication intervention Provide materials that can be used as a framework for discussion, applied to professional experience, and be used to identify other suitable communication approaches, strategies and activities Schiavo, R. Health Communication: From Theory to Practice, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, Second Edition, 2013. All rights reserved. Case Studies WhyWellness: Communicating about mental health within a gaming community BodyLove New Media and the VERB campaign Health Equity Exchange: Using an integrated multimedia communication approach to engage US communities on health equity Raising awareness of sustainable food issues and building community via the integrated use of new media with other communication approaches What do sidewalks have to do with health? Schiavo, R. Health Communication: From Theory to Practice, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, Second Edition, 2013. All rights reserved. Emerging Trends and Lessons Reach people how and where they want to be reached or find themselves frequently Use multisectoral partnership as a key approach Understand social support as an emerging theme associated with helping people adopt and maintain healthy behaviors Consider peer-to-peer communication as an important strategy in reaching out to older children, tweens, teens, and other vulnerable or at-risk groups Engage communities, their leaders, and other community mobilization partners Integrate different media and communication areas at the very outset of the communication program Schiavo, R. Health Communication: From Theory to Practice, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, Second Edition, 2013. All rights reserved. Emerging Trends and Lessons Be aware that online and new media-based interventions have a longer lifespan that goes beyond program funding and duration Recognize that many complex issues are community-specific and should be addressed by community-driven solutions Consider policymakers not only as key decision makers for policy change, but also as key partners in community mobilization and public engagement Look for links among different fields and issues in addressing health and social issues Increase the appeal of messages and materials via the strategic use of videos, animation, and other graphic or visual devices that contribute to message simplicity Schiavo, R. Health Communication: From Theory to Practice, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, Second Edition, 2013. All rights reserved. Case Study 1 WhyWellness: Communicating about mental health within a gaming community Case Study Discussion What do you know about online virtual worlds and how does your knowle ...

Agenda Setting.docx

write22

1) The document discusses agenda setting in the policy process and how clinical practice issues can be moved onto organizational agendas. 2) It provides required readings on stakeholder engagement, policy briefs, nursing advocacy, and research usefulness for policymaking. 3) Readers are asked to identify a clinical practice issue for their organization's agenda, stakeholders interested in the issue, and strategies to inform and persuade stakeholders of the issue's importance.

paper 2014

Anne Berg

This document summarizes a qualitative study investigating policy barriers to injectable contraceptives in India. The study used media content analysis and interviews with 31 key opinion leaders to understand their positions on including injectable contraceptives in India's family planning program and how they influence contraceptive policy. The study found that despite India shifting its family planning focus to improving reproductive health and expanding contraceptive choices, injectable contraceptives remain excluded from the national program. Understanding the reasons for key opinion leaders' support or opposition to injectables can help minimize barriers to their inclusion and benefit economically marginalized women.

Agenda Setting Empire Essays.pdf

Need Help With Your Assignments Or Essays?|| Hire Us Today||Email US: Homework1078@gmail.com

1) The document discusses agenda setting in the policy process and how clinical practice issues can be moved onto organizational agendas. It provides required readings on stakeholder engagement, policy briefs, and examples of nursing advocacy in policymaking. 2) Students are asked to identify a clinical practice issue for their organization's agenda and propose strategies to inform and persuade stakeholders of its importance using insights from the provided media presentation and readings.

Agenda SettingA key aspect of the policy process is agenda

cheryllwashburn

This document outlines an assignment for students to analyze agenda setting in the policy process. It instructs students to identify a clinical practice issue for their organization's agenda, consider relevant stakeholders, and write a 550-word post discussing strategies to inform and persuade stakeholders of the issue's importance. The post must reference at least 3 required readings that discuss stakeholder analysis, policy briefs, examples of nursing advocacy, and the role of research in policymaking.

The rigors of doctoral education and education as the chosen pro

SALU18

The document discusses the rigors of doctoral education. It states that doctoral education is the highest level of academic and research training where students become authorities in their chosen field. It involves a rigorous process that culminates in a dissertation which is defended before a committee. Doctoral training aims to transform students into ultimate scholars through extensive specialized education and training them to be unbiased, scientific researchers who can conduct peer-reviewed, reproducible research. Rigor in doctoral education involves creating an environment where high-level learning is expected and supported for each student.

This paper requires students to research and analyze a federal or state policy related to areas like healthcare, poverty, employment, or education. The paper should include: 1) A description of the policy with historical context on when and why it was initiated. 2) A research-based discussion of conflicting viewpoints on the policy. 3) An analysis of how the policy impacts children and families based on research and developmental concepts. 4) A conclusion on the policy's effectiveness in supporting children and families, citing evidence, and suggestions for new policy directions supported by citations.

Presentation round table intro

Vadim Karastelev

Masterclass.pptx

AfricanStudiesGroup

An Argument Analysis Contribution To Interpretive Public Policy Analysis

Kate Campbell

This document discusses interpretive policy analysis and argument analysis as a methodology. It begins by outlining some challenges students face in applying interpretive perspectives, such as a lack of accessible integrated methodology. It then summarizes approaches to interpretive policy analysis from Yanow and Hansen, focusing on identifying interpretive communities, meaning-laden artifacts, and systems of meanings. Argument analysis is presented as an approach that can help operationalize interpretive analysis while being accessible to students. The document outlines how argument analysis builds on the Scriven and Toulmin formats, modifying them into more user-friendly work formats. It argues this approach fulfills two functions - inculcating an investigative reading style and providing a framework

Due December 09, 2016 ( Friday). Assignment 2 Course Project.docx

hasselldelisa

Due December 09, 2016 ( Friday). Assignment 2: Course Project: Health Policy Paper ( Domestic Violence) Health policy unfolds daily and drives clinical practice in the US. The student will investigate current policies or legislation underway for a specific health-related issue. The Student will develop a scholarly APA formatted paper supported by evidence. The policy paper rubric: Introduction to population or problem (incidence, prevalence, epidemiology, cost burden etc) Description of how the policy is intended for a specific population, program or organization Specific legislators involved in the policy development and dissemination Identify the role of the APRN in assisting with the policy or refuting the policy – this requires the evidence to support opinion, ideas and/or concepts Discuss how the policy influences clinical practice and is used to promote best outcomes Examine how the policy can be used by the interprofessional team to ensure coordinated and comprehensive care for the specific population Conclusion – summarize findings APA format – use of primary peer-reviewed references as much as possible less than 5 years old Due date December 09, 2016 , post your strategies for addressing the key focus in your community in a two-to-three-page Word document .

ArticlesStudy Author, title, yearPrisoner Reentry A Publi

mallisonshavon

Articles: Study: Author, title, year Prisoner Reentry: A Public Health or Public Safety Issue for Social Work Practice. George T. Patterson. 2013. Study: Author, title, year Prisoner Reentry: A Public Health or Public Safety Issue for Social Work Practice. George T. Patterson. 2013. Study: Author, title, year Family Services in Adult Detention Center: Systemic Principle for Prisoner Reentry; Corrine Datchi, Louis Barretti, Christopher Thompson; 2016. Steven Martin, Daniel O’Connell, James Inciardi, Hilary Surrratt, Kristen Maiden; Integrating an HIV/HCV Brief Intervention in Prisoner Reentry: Results of a Multisited Prospective Study; December 2008. The expanding prisoner reentry industry; Douglas E. Thompkins.; 2010 Recidivism among Participants of a Reentry Program for Prisoners Released without Supervision. Nora Wikoff, Donald Linborst, Nicole Morani. An effective study of the Youth Reentry Specialist (YRS) program for released Incarcerated with Handicapping Conditions. Stan A. Karcz. 1996. Prisoner Reentry: A Public Health or Public Safety Issue for Social Work Practice. George T. Patterson. 2013. The final paper is due the last day of class. Students should be prepared to make a brief (5 minutes) oral present highlighting what they learned through their literature review. The final paper should include the following sections (include headings): 1. Introduction (approx. 1 page) Describe the importance of the problem in a social context and/or service delivery context. Your Introduction should answer the question why your study topic is important and relevant to social work research or practice. 2. Population of Interest and Research Problem (approx. 1 page) Provide relevant population statistics (demographics), and statistics on the extent, scope, prevalence, and impact of the problem. If the problem you researched is not familiar to most people, explain the problem. 3. Literature Review (approx. 8 pages) Discuss what you learned through your review of the literature. Your sources will include 10 articles (at least 6 scholarly, peer reviewed articles published in scientific journals). For the review, be critical! Synthesize what you have learned and highlight the followings: 1) what is known about your topic, 2) the gaps in knowledge, and 3) how this literature is or is not directly relevant for your topic. If little or no empirical research has been done, indicate this. For example, your review of the literature may suggest that: 1) the topic you have selected has not been studied with the population you intended to study, or 2) you are addressing a research question that, based on your search of the literature, has not yet been studied. 4. References Follow the American Psychological Association’s (APA) Publication Manual citation styles and provide full citations in the reference section. ...

FINAL THEORY RESEARCH PAPER

Olivia Smith

This document summarizes research on the relationship between issue-relevance and the central and peripheral routes of persuasion in the Elaboration Likelihood Model. It discusses studies that found high issue-relevance leads to central route persuasion through thoughtful consideration of argument quality, while low issue-relevance results in peripheral route persuasion through simple cues. The document analyzes how factors like message recipient involvement, argument strength, and pronoun use impact issue-relevance and persuasion route. It concludes more research is needed applying these concepts to other fields beyond advertising.

Converse-McGuire Essay

Yuliya Pismennaya

The Converse-McGuire model of attitude change proposes that the probability of attitude change equals the probability of message reception multiplied by the probability of message acceptance. The model rests on two axioms: the reception axiom, which states that political awareness increases the likelihood of message reception; and the acceptance axiom, which states that higher awareness decreases the likelihood of uncritically accepting a message. While some studies support the model, others find political awareness has a weaker effect on attitudes than other factors like ideology. Nonetheless, the model remains important for understanding political persuasion processes and the conditional influence of different variables on attitude change.

Chapter 57 Agenda Setting and Framing Top of FormBottom of Fo.docx

christinemaritza

Chapter 57: Agenda Setting and Framing Top of Form Bottom of Form Top of Form Bottom of Form Among the theories of communication in the 21st century, agenda setting, which has its roots in the early 20th century, has proven to be one of the more robust theories, if not the most robust theory, in communication. The resilience of this theory is a result of its parsimonious, yet expansive, qualities, its roots, and its connection to other theories in communication. According to Blumler and Kavanagh (1999), “among the field's master paradigms, agenda setting may be most worth pursuing” (p. 225). The pursuit of agenda setting has seduced many researchers into studying various aspects of the theory, resulting in hundreds of published works. This prolific work on agenda setting has continued to tweak the theory, making it as strong, if not stronger, than its origins. Even though researchers have been very innovative in their agenda-setting research, the premise of the theory remains very simple. Bearing in mind that media are the main source of information for the public, the main idea behind agenda setting is that the issues that media deem salient will influence what the public in turn deems salient. This transfer of salience from the media agenda to the public agenda is what is known in communication theory as agenda setting. In other words, media tell us what to think about. In addition to its simplicity, agenda setting shifted the focus of researchers from attitudinal to cognitive media effects, thus weakening, if not dismissing, Klapper's (1960) thesis of the minimal consequences of media. Even though the initial focus of agenda-setting effects dealt with cognitive effects, evidence (as seen later in this chapter) points to possible consequences of agenda setting on attitudes and opinions as well as behaviors. The robustness of agenda setting is due not only to its simplicity and to the proliferation of research but also to its roots, which run deep to earlier conceptualizations of public opinion. Walter Lippmann, in his book Public Opinion, published in the early 20th century, discusses the role of media as mediators between reality and the public. Lippmann (1922) argues that public opinion is a reaction to what we see in media content, which is not necessarily a reflection of reality. The importance of media is in their creation of this new realityor environment, resultingina “pseudo-environment” to which people react. Cohen (1963) suggested that the press tell its readers what to think about. McCombs and Shaw (1972) are the ones who coined the term agenda setting in their empirical examination of a U.S. presidential campaign. They surveyed undecided voters and asked them to indicate the issues they deemed important. McCombs and Shaw also content analyzed nine news sources. They then compared media's agenda with the public's agenda and found evidence that media agenda and the public agenda correlate and that indeed media tell the public wh ...

•• Rejoinder Walking the TalkImplementing the Preventio.docx

daynamckernon

•• Rejoinder Walking the Talk: Implementing the Prevention Guidelines and Transforming the Profession of Psychology Sally M. Hage Teachers College, Columbia University John L. Romano University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Robert K. Conyne University of Cincinnati Maureen Kenny Boston College Jonathan P. Schwartz University of Houston Michael Waldo New Mexico State University The Major Contribution aimed at strengthening a prevention focus in psychology, so as to more effectively and equitably promote the well-being of all members of psychology communities. The 3 reactions (L. A. Bond & A. Carmola Hauf, 2007 [this issue]; L. Reese, 2007 [this issue]; E. Rivera-Mosquera, E. T. Dowd, & M. Mitchell-Blanks 2007 [this issue]) give strong support for the best practice prevention guidelines, while providing new insights for their implementation in the field of psychology. In this rejoinder, the authors make an effort to build upon their colleagues’ ideas, by addressing the topics of community-based collaboration, prevention across the life span, and implementation of the best practice guidelines. The authors urge further interdisciplinary collaboration by members of the American Psychological Association, and others interested in prevention, and invite genuine action to expand prevention efforts. Undoubtedly, the expression—“You can talk the talk, but can you walk the walk?”—is familiar to many people. A shortened variation of the original phrase, “Walk the talk,” may be less well known but can be found in the Encarta World English Online Dictionary (2006), and is defined as “to act on what you profess to believe in or value.” The words suggest that real After the first two authors listed above, the remaining authors of this article are listed in alpha- betical order. Correspondence concerning this article should addressed to Sally M. Hage, Teachers College, Columbia University, Counseling and Clinical Psychology Department, Box 102, 426A Horace Mann, New York, NY 10027; e-mail: [email protected] THE COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST, Vol. 35, No. 4, July 2007 594-604 DOI: 10.1177/0011000006297158 © 2007 by the Division of Counseling Psychology 594 change happens when leaders not only say they want change and advance- ment but also match their words with actions. We are grateful to the authors who provided reactions to our article (Bond & Carmola Hauf, 2007 [this issue]; Reese, 2007 [this issue]; Rivera-Mosquera, Dowd, & Mitchell-Blanks, 2007 [this issue]). Their thoughtful commentary and suggestions highlight the importance of moving these Prevention Guidelines (Hage et al., 2007 [this issue]) from a publication in a scholarly journal to genuine actions for change in the field of psychology. We are also grateful to The Counseling Psychologist (TCP) Editor Robert T. Carter who gave us the opportunity to develop the article into a Major Contribution manuscript, and to receive reactions to these guidelines by eminent scholars in the field. T ...

Inductive & deductive reasoning (advance research methodology)

ErTARUNKASHNI

A Practical Guide To The Comparative Case Study Method In Political Psychology

Dustin Pytko

This document provides a guide to conducting comparative case study research in political psychology. It defines key terms like "case" and "case study" and discusses different types of case studies, including those used for description, exploring theories, and developing new theories. The document aims to integrate insights on case study methodology and provide practical guidance for political psychologists conducting case study research.

Discussion What Is.docx

write4

The document discusses diversity and its importance in nursing. It defines diversity as recognizing similarities and differences between people, including physical attributes, cultural heritage, beliefs, and more. Diversity shapes our perspectives and is impacted by our experiences. As a nurse, diversity is significant because it influences how different groups experience healthcare and affects the provision of equitable care. Understanding diversity through various academic lenses can provide better insight and help navigate diversity issues in the nursing profession.

SRA Poster: Qualitative Interviews about Communication Training

John C. Besley

This document summarizes interviews conducted with 24 science and risk communication trainers. The interviews explored how trainers approach setting communication goals and objectives in their training. The interviews found that trainers believe scientists want help achieving both personal career goals and societal goals of ensuring science informs decision-making. However, the training rarely addresses what intermediate objectives could help scientists achieve their overall goals. The document suggests trainers could better incorporate strategic goal-setting into communication training.

Qualitative research study guide

The Free School

Qualitative research study guide Section 1: Qualitative research: methodological designs Section 2: Qualitative social research as active participation Section 3: Defining your research question and writing a proposal Section 4: Choosing your theoretical research design Section 5: Writing a critical literature review Section 6: Writing a research report and disseminating the findings. Section 7: Qualitative data collection methods: theory Section 8: Qualitative data collection methods: customisation and design Section 9: Data management systems Section 10: Integrating qualitative social research theory with professional practice Section 11: Contemporary issues in qualitative social research Section 12: Revision and coursesummary

Critical reflexivity

Haroon Akhtar

This document discusses reflexivity in research. It begins by defining reflection as "thinking about" something after the event, while reflexivity is a more immediate process involving self-awareness. Critical reflection lies between the two. Reflections refer to a researcher's own biases, perceptions and subjectivities that can affect what they design, analyze and report. The document then discusses how reflexivity explores how researchers and their subjectivities shape an investigation. It provides examples of reflexivity in different qualitative research approaches and emphasizes the importance of researcher reflexivity in developing politically and ethically engaged research.

Research Brokers & Intermediaries

powerinbetween

Assignment 3 Policy Analysis Paper In previous Discussion.docx

luearsome

Assignment 3: Policy Analysis Paper In previous Discussions and Assignments, you have examined various aspects of the policy process: exploring the unintended consequences of policies, agenda setting, and analyzing policy recommendations. In this Assignment, you will have the opportunity to further develop your analysis skills by working through the policy analysis process. To be an effective agent for social change, you must be able to logically and critically analyze policy from multiple perspectives and contexts and then present your insights in a succinct and professional manner. This exercise will afford such an experience. For this Assignment, you will examine a particular policy of interest to you (perhaps the one you selected for this week's Discussion) and apply a policy analysis framework to understand the impact associated with the implementation of the policy. You will then develop a policy analysis paper, which is due day 5 of Week 11. This paper will also serve as your Major Assessment for this course. To prepare: Select a health care policy and a policy analysis framework to utilize for this Assignment. You may use the policy and framework you identified in this week’s Discussion or change your selection. To complete: Write an 8- to 10-page analysis paper (including references) in which you succinctly address the following: 1) An introduction 2) Part 1: Define the policy issue. a) How is the issue affecting the policy arena? b) What are the current politics of the issue? c) At what level in the policy making process is the issue? 3) Part 2: Apply a policy analysis framework to explore the issue using the following contexts: a) Social b) Ethical c) Legal d) Historical e) Financial/economic f) Theoretical underpinnings of the policy Include in this section: a) Who are the stakeholders of interest? b) Is there a nursing policy/position statement on this health care issue? If so, who developed it? 4) Part 3: Policy options/solutions a) What are the policy options/solutions for addressing the issue? Include at least three levels of options/solutions: no change; partial change; radical change or maximum change. b) What are the theoretical underpinnings of the policy options/solutions? c) What are the health advocacy aspects and leadership requirements of each option? d) How does each option/solution provide an opportunity or need for inter-professional collaboration? e) What are the pros and cons of each suggested change? Include the cost benefits, effectiveness, and efficiency of each option along with the utility and feasibility of each option. 5) Part 4: Building Consensus a) Outline a plan for building consensus around your recommended option/solution for solving the policy issue. 6) A Conclusion 7) Part 5: References a) Limit your references so this section is no more than 2 pages. Your written assignments must follow APA guidelines. Be sure to support your work with ...

For this Assignment you articulate how you will use research to .docx

templestewart19

For this Assignment you articulate how you will use research to improve the lives of students with exceptionalities. To prepare: · Read, review, and reflect on your work in this course and your work in all of the courses that you have taken to date. By now, you should have a general idea of a topic in the field of special education that interests you—a topic or gap in practice about which you may wish to conduct a research study. · Consider the course Learning Resources and those listed for this module. Reflect on your examination of research methodologies and how each can be applied specifically within the field of special education. · Ask yourself: What would I like to contribute to the field as a leader in special education? Then, identify a specific problem focusing on a gap in practice in the field of special education related to improving the lives of students with exceptionalities. In selecting your problem, consider the relationship between the identified problem of practice and social change. Develop a 3–5 page paper utilizing the following section headings: 1. Problem Statement a. Provide a 1- to 2-paragraph statement that is the result of a review of current literature and practice that contains the following information: i. A logical argument for the need to address an identified gap in special education practice. Make sure to clarify why you believe that this is problem of practice in SPED. ii. Preliminary evidence that provides justification that this problem is meaningful. Provide a minimum of 3–5 key citations that support the relevance and currency of the problem. These references need not all be from peer reviewed journals but should be from reputable sources, such as national agency databases or scholarly books, and should ideally be from the past 5 years. 2. Significance a. Provide 1 or 2 paragraphs informed by the topic outlined in the problem statement that describe the following: i. How this study will contribute to filling the gap in SPED practice identified in the problem statement: What original contribution will this study make? ii. How this research will support professional practice or allow practical application: Answer the “So what?” question. 3. Questions a. List the question or a series of related questions that are informed by the purpose, which will lead to the development of what needs to be done to research the identified gap in practice. A research question informs the research design by providing a foundation for i. generation of hypotheses in quantitative studies, ii. questions necessary to build the design structure for qualitative studies, and a iii. process by which different methods will work together in mixed-methods studies. 4. Nature of the Study a. Using one of the following terms as a subheading, provide a concise paragraph that discusses the approach that will be used to address the research question(s) and how this approach aligns with the problem statement. i. Th.

The Research Proposal

guest349908

The document provides an overview of the key elements that should be included in a research proposal. It discusses the purpose of a research proposal is to convince others that the proposed research project is worthwhile and that the investigator has the competence and work plan to complete it. The main elements that should be included in a research proposal are an introduction section outlining the background, problem statement, objectives, literature review, methodology, ethical considerations, time schedule and references.

Resources Assigned readings, ERRs, the Internet,and other resources.docx

Research has shown that changes in the way issues are framed can h.docx

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Research has shown that changes in the way issues are framed can h.docx

Similar to Research has shown that changes in the way issues are framed can h.docx (20)

More from karlhennesey

More from karlhennesey (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Research has shown that changes in the way issues are framed can h.docx