Ticket Prices

Ticket Prices
The article "Ticket Price Determination in Professional Sports: An Empirical Analysis of the NBA,
NFL, NHL, and Major League Baseball." was researched and created by two economists named,
Patrick Rishe and Michael Mondello. The basis of this article was to analyze why the prices of
tickets tend to vary from city to city within each league and also to provide the reader with
information regarding whether ticket price increases are tied to changes in team payroll. Rishe and
Mondello created and empirical model to get a more precise measurement than that of regressions
done in the past. With this analysis Rishe and Mondello wanted to understand the impacts of salary
caps on ticket price within a league so they involved two leagues without a salary ... Show more
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Going forward, one of the most notable findings in this regression is the significance of team payroll
and ticket prices for the NHL. One might expect these two variables to be correlated since there is
no salary cap, but in fact in the early stages of the test period Rishe and Mondello discovered that
the NBA, despite having a salary cap, has a larger payroll dispersion than the NHL. NHL's payroll
dispersion is relatively stable, which could be the reason why this variable is statically insignificant.
Recent success has had more of an impact on the NBA and the NFL compared to the NHL and
MLB. This might be due to the strong correlation between winning and payrolls in cap–free sports.
To conclude the average ticket prices has had a strong upward trend in football and baseball, on the
other hand the NHL and NBA seem stagnate possibly due to consumer preference in the last six
years. The second equation in this trial explains the factors that cause seasonal price changes within
each league. Once again playing in a new facility for a season opener suggests the size of seasonal
price tickets will increase for an individual team in any league. The second factor in this equation is
the team's post season success, the result showed that for a team in any league that made it to the
playoffs significantly raised ticket prices. Additionally, the ticket prices rose for only the NHL and
NFL if a team reached the championship. Over the period of time examined NBA and NHL teams
displayed a smaller ticket price increase seasonally, due to the stagnate demand to watch those two
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A Successful Sports League Director
There are a number of career opportunities within the world of sports and it is my aspiration to
change the world one person at a time. I will continue to assess not only the needs in the
organization I am a part of but the current benefits, and recent issues that I have seen especially in
the perspective as a league director. In this paper, I will continue to examine my strategic plan to not
only become a successful Sports League Director but to also share some improvements I proposed
to my director and staff and the outcome thereafter. I will also discuss a few ethical issues and
dilemmas in having a sports league organization that I have already noticed and might face myself
in the future. My job was to officiate various sports like softball, and basketball within my
organization while assisting with a few extra tasks and being in an advisory role for the league
director to note of any areas internally that needed development. There are many factors that
contribute to not only an organizations success but an athlete's as well, such as location of training,
physical and mental health, but no variable matters as much as the interaction that athlete is exposed
to, whether it is with a referee, the facility itself or the its other participants. Regardless of
whichever sport, I will one day have to oversee all sports with unbiase and still manage not to reach
career plateau. I will enforce new and existing policies in the league that I am seeking to run. There
must be a

Gender Inequality In The Film 'A League Of Their Own'
Gender Inequality To this day, gender inequality still exists across the world. While it squeezes itself
into our society, four mainly focus on the true aspects on what it is like to experience such
inequality. For example, women in the work force, the family life, the state, and sexes can lead to all
forms of discrimination. Did the screenwriters correctly portray what women back then suffered
from? Director, Penny Marshall's, A League of Their Own, demonstrates a taste of what women
during the 1940's we're told on how to act and live. The movie portrays unfairness between the
character's looks based on gender, and differences within their family. Marshall also shows when
and why this discrimination was occurring. Such as including scenes that displayed the time period
and the importance of continuing on America's favorite activities after men left for war. Adding on,
including the time frame of a book or movie is crucial, because if provides information and gives the
audience background information. The time period A League of Their Own takes place is in the
forties, meaning half of the men were fighting in World War II. Thus, there had to be common
people at home to fill in many of those positions of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Before war, it was unheard of to have women participate in big companies with successful men.
However, after their husbands left, it was time for women to take over the house work and other
jobs to keep the economy running. Finally, "American women entered the workforce in
unprecedented numbers during the World War II, as well widespread male enlistment left gaping
holes in the industrial labor force" (History.com Staff). However, even though women were taking
on the same roles as men, that doesn't mean they received the same amount of respect. There still
remains mistreatment, forced subservience, and even the devaluation of females, as well as an
exploitation of their

The Measurement Of Team Success
So what is the measurement of team success in professional sports? Is it number of wins? Is it the
number of division titles or championships? Or is it the number of sellouts or amount of team
revenue? Whatever it may be, the types of players you have on your team is important to reach any
level of success. So how much money should a team spend on their players? Salaries of professional
sports players are way higher that the average person. Lately, salaries of players in the National
Basketball Association are increasing year after year. Even with a salary cap, teams can now spend
more money on highly gifted athletes in hopes to bring division titles and championships to their
respective organizations. So does spending more money on player salaries guarantee a winning
team? Now you could go into free agency, and sign some of the biggest stars in all of basketball and
think to yourself that you will be poised for a shot at a championship that year. However, just
because you pay a top–tier player, it doesn't guarantee that they will stay healthy. There are many
outlying factors to a player's performance. From the research I have found, the results are mixed
regarding the relationship between team salary and performance. If an NBA team spends more
money on player salaries, this does not guarantee a better team performance. In 2013, an article on
basesandbaskets.com compared NBA team salaries to their regular season wins totals. This study
found that it was about split,

Movie Analysis: A League Of Their Own
Movie Analysis
"There's no crying in baseball!" Jimmy Dugan yells at one of his players in the iconic movie A
League of Their Own (Columbia TriStar Home Video, Marshall, Hanks, Davis, & Madonna, 1997).
A washed up major leaguer, Dugan played by Tom Hanks was maliciously addressing one of his
players over a botched play. These types of situations reflect the aspirations, realities, and
possibilities of our culture through competition. A League of their Own chronicles the beginnings of
the Rockford Peaches All–American Girls Baseball league, which existed for three years during
World War II when men's professional baseball was discontinued. The movie follows two sisters
from Willamette, Oregon: Dottie Henson played by Geena Davis, and Dottie's ... Show more content
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Constantly these women were seen as scabs for the men who were off at war rather than a respected
league. Role Acceptance (Weinberg & Gould, 2014) stresses the importance of inclusion for well–
being and predicts that rejection from important social groups is hurtful. Thus, having little role
ambiguity is necessary for positive self–confidence and cohesion of a team (Weinberg & Gould,
2014). This process of ambiguity began in the recruiting process for every female player. To
illustrate, at the beginning of the movie, the scouts stopped right outside of Chicago to recruit a
woman named Marla. She was a phenomenal hitter that can bat both right and left handed. Yet, once
recruiter gets a close up view of Marla, he instantly shutters in terror since she was an 'unattractive,
overweight girl'. After a few additional grimace toward the girl, the recruiter walks away saying
"Uh, we'll let you know". While muttering under his breath, "I can't use her" (Columbia TriStar
Home Video, Marshall, Hanks, Davis, & Madonna 1997). These women had to adhere to the
standards of what society held to be the 'ideal' woman. The progression for the equality for women
gained was the amount the men were willing to grant. If there was equality in both man and women,
then their would still be a women's

A League Of Their Own Narrative Analysis
This section employs narrative analysis to the story A League of Their Own in order to highlight the
moral of the film that women have a choice over their future and do not have to be stay–at–home
mothers. Once again, "a story needs a plot with a beginning, middle, and end" (Sellnow, 2014, p.
60). Dottie and Kit's story begins in the small farm town where they work at the dairy and play ball
for fun. During a game, a recruiter takes notice of Dottie, then from there, Dottie and Kit's baseball
career takes off. Their upward progression proves that anything is possible. Tensions run high
between sisters Dottie and Kit. Kit hates how good Dottie is at baseball and does not believe that
Dottie wants to even be on the team. All the while, Dottie does not understand Kit's frustration.
Dottie tells Mr. Lowenstein she is leaving if she is not put on another team. Instead, Kit gets put on
another team.
The climax of the story is reached, Dottie and Kit have a critical conversation where they share their
true feelings with one another. It is at this moment that Dottie realizes she really does not know why
she is still in the league. In relevance to the moral, Kit is expressive about her love for baseball,
while Dottie seems to detach herself. She knows that when her husband comes back from the Army,
she must go back to him because, sticking to the bandwagon, Dottie believes she should remain a
housewife. Meanwhile, Kit does trust this outlook on life and she accepts the view that she can
choose a different course for her life. During this confrontation, the audience is able to see the split
of ideals of what one's life should reflect. They can see that Dottie is stuck in the mindset of staying
home and raising children, while Kit is up–to–date with modern society by understanding that there
is so much more to her life than what society says she should be.
In examination of the text, one of the first steps is to describe the setting (Sellnow, 2014, p. 55). The
story takes place in a small farm town in Oregon where no one really makes anything of themselves.
Dottie and Kit leave this setting to demonstrate that taking chances and following one's dreams can
make their life great. Dottie and Kit go against the norm of

The Importance Of Sports In Sports
Education is the key to sports safety The world today is filled with athletes, it's popularity is due to
its ability to bring people of all ages,genders together to compete for glory while others do the same
but nothing is perfect.ALS(Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) is a deadly disease that can happen to
any giving player at any time, it's symptoms are very seeable in its later stages. ALS is not the only
one,CTE (Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy) is another disease that can strike with deadly for us
with own catch, it can't be diagnosed certainty by doctor till death. Many programs and research
have gone into these disease to make the sports world safe. The diseases existences is deniable to no
one ever the major sports league is looking into ways to help it. All this research has lead back to
one thing most sports players have dealt with that being concussions and other head traumas. Many
people have ask the question of "Should sports be banned all out or should they change to be
safer?", however there is a third option with in this problem.Education is key to understanding this
epidemic, the more athletes know the more athletes can avoid it without hurting the spirit of the
game. To truly understand the disease ALS athletes should know exactly what it will do to their
body. ALS while mysteries in the ways it can affect you one thing is certain, it will slowly harden
your body's muscles until the are unuseable. This is happening because the motor neurons are dieing
or degeneration at a rapid pace. When these neurons stop the messages they hold no longer make it
to the parts it needs stopping muscle movement. Many of these athletes make the information
known to the public by making a foundation. Take O.J. Brigance who started the Brigance Brigade
Foundation to help those athletes who have ALS and get their message out. He still lifes to this day
and was shown a lot in the media when it began to show in 2007. Athletes should be told of these to
keep safe and keep playing the way we want and they want. CTE is the other degenerative disease
of high concern that must be known to the public and the athletes who play to keep the sport fun and
safe. CTE as stated is never one hundred percent diagnosable till death.

The Rise Of The Professional Competitive Video Gaming Essay
Imagine that more than twenty years ago people didn't even know about professional competitive
gaming. They would never think that in the future eSport (electronic sport), would be growing up
extremely fast. "Last year, tournaments awarded more than $15 million around the world, up from
just over a $1 million a decade ago" (Holden 87) according to the statistics from the
esportsearnings.com. Just think about it, the first place team can be guaranteed to get at least $1
million dollars, and this is the amazing amount of money for just playing the game. Now imagine
that there several tournaments like that per year. Every competitive game has its own different
tournaments. What if I told you that professional gaming organizations have a ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Starting from better salaries and ending up with separate living apartments for the teams. This is
really particular for Asian teams. The Chinese and South Korea team organizations officially have
better facilities and conditions to the players. In Asia competitive gaming is as popular as soccer, so
almost every organizations has its own base for the players, where they can live, practice, study and
entertain. In Europe only top 10 organizations can compete with Asian organizations. In North
America there are only two strong organizations. The Asian teams are always treating as better
teams because of their conditions that they offer to the players. All the professional players agree
that Chinese players have better skills then other players in the world. For example, in StarCraft 2,
the top 10 players consist of 7 Chinese players; in DotA 2, the 6 out of 10 top teams are Asian.
Fortunately, European and American gaming team organizations are evolving fast enough so they
already can equally compete against Asian organizations. The conditions for players are really
important in the competitive gaming. All of the professional teams have a sponsorship and this is
their main source of income. Without a sponsor the team can do absolutely nothing, even if that
team has good players. This is why the organizations are signing contracts with sponsors and
making few teams in different games disciplines. The teams are always having the same

Persuasive Speech About Esports
Do you know what eSports is? Many people in the world do not know what eSports is, but millions
and millions of people each year are tuning in to watch professional video gamers compete for
trophies and prizes. To put this into perspective, anyone can become a professional gamer and make
a good living off of it. Although, you must have good skill at the game and be prepared to practice
long hours on a regular basis. I will inform you of what eSports is, the growth, and lastly the present
and future state of eSports. The term eSports stands for electronic sports and it is ultimately a
platform for future competitive gamers. Everyday after school growing up I would always get on
xbox right after school and play video games because this was the time when technology really
started to take off. At the same time the internet was evolving, Apple was releasing iphones and
ipads, and the nature of competitive video games started to grow. The time to get your shot at
becoming a professional eSports player is now; join the growing eSports movement today and make
a living from video games. eSports is the competitive form of video games and has gained the
interest of hundreds of millions of people around the world. There are many video games that host
competitive lan events at venues around the world where teams compete for prizes such as trophies,
prize pool money, and standings for the playoffs. In addition, eSports is similar to professional
sports because they both host events,

The Role Of Sports In Society
Sports is language, tradition, and community. From the late nineteenth century to present day,
college and professional sports have helped build communities and help mold the American identity
on the bare ground level. These pastimes make society peaceful, socially cohesive, and more equal.
Throughout American history, sports have played a role in economic development, having
sociological impacts in different regions and have also influenced politics.
Professional and amateur sports have built regional fandoms across North America. The fans of all
ethnicities and races come together and unite to support their team whether its "Football Sunday" or
"NBA Saturday". Sports enhance our understanding of the gender roles and socio–economic issues
that help frame identity in every community (What Is the Role of Sports in Society?). More than
three–fifths of adults in the general population are involved in sports–related activities. Additionally,
one–quarter are actively engaged in a sport as participants, parents of children in a sport, coaches, or
volunteers (Boxill et al 10). One's favored team provides a link to overall social structure and a feel
of togetherness This creates a network of relationships throughout a community that connects one
person to another through sports. Engagement rates of sports are highest among men and high–
income households(Boxill et al 10). As reflected in America's society, men are the dominant group
in sports as they are most likely the coaches of

The National Basketball Association ( Nba )
Abstract
The United States in present day standards is known as a superpower amongst other nations when
based off of economics alone due to the monstrous revenue that is generated by the numerous
industries throughout the nation, with the sports industry making up a big piece of that pie. With a
consistent annual rate of 3 % and the minimum of 23.5 billion dollars in revenue generated every
year since 2010, it is safe to say that America loves its sports. The four most popular major
professional sport leagues known as, the National Basketball Association (NBA), National Football
League (NFL), National Hockey League (NHL), and also Major League Baseball (MLB), are
responsible for most of this revenue generated on the annual basis. With ... Show more content on
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Professional Sports Impact on the Nation's Economy Advertisement is by far one of the most
important industries within the United States because so many others depend upon the production of
advertisements to increase their appeal to ultimately make the highest possible profit for their
product. The sports industry is among those who are invested with these advertisement agencies,
which in return handle all levels of advertising campaigns from local to international fan bases. The
advertisement agency industry generates 33.2–billion dollars of revenue with the sports industry
being only a small benefactor, however during a lockout in professional sports advertising as a
whole can take a hit (Danova, 2013). For example, in the year of 2011 the NBA, NFL and the NHL
would experience labor disagreements resulting in a lockout. Although the lockouts would
eventually come to an end in 2012 the advertising agencies only had a growth of 0.7% annually for
the next 3 years after which was heavily influenced by the shaky condition within the sports industry
(Danova, 2013). With the NFL, NBA and NHL now in better condition after four years of
consecutive season being played the advertising

Competitive Gaming Should Be Consider A Sport
Competitive Gaming Should Be Consider a Sport Video games have been around for many years
and so has competitive gaming. The first video game was created around 1970 and was Pong. Pong
required one or two players to play. The players would play next to each other and the game
required both players to move the courser to the ball and knock in to the other player's side. Pong
was the first competitive video game because you could play with another person. The video game
industry now is a very big market and is suspected to be an 86 billion dollar industry in 2016 (A
Classification Of Business Models In Video Game Industry). For the past couple of years video
competitions have gotten really popular and now there is a franchise called eSports that hosts
gaming competitions in big areas. "The past several year's eSports have seen meteoric growth in
dozens of markets, attracting tens of millions of viewers each year in the United States, alone"
(Hollist). Esports is made up of many different games and each game has different teams that
specialize in the game that they are competing in. E–Sports 89 million viewers in 2014 and is
suspected to grow to 145 million in 2017. ("Red Bull Media Readies ESports Studio for Prime
Time."). Competitive gaming should be recognized as a sport because each team has a sponsor. The
sponsors pay for all associated costs of the player's gaming including, but not limited to, plane
tickets, hotel rooms, and food. In return the teams have to wear the

Jean King Research Paper
Turn on ESPN, and there are many female sports reporters, and many reports on female athletes.
Flip through Sports Illustrated, and female athletes are dotted throughout the magazine. Female
athletes star in commercials. Female athletes are on the cover of newspapers. Millions of books have
been sold about hundreds of female athletes. However, this has not always been the case. The
number of females playing sports nowadays compared to even twenty years ago is staggering, and
the number just keeps rising. All the women athletes of today have people and events from past
generations that inspired them like Babe Didrikson Zaharias, the All–American Professional Girls
Baseball League, Billie Jean King, and the 1999 United States Women's World Cup ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
King was one of the best tennis players ever, male or female. One of the biggest matches King
played in was the "Battle of the Sexes" against Bobby Riggs. This match was played on September
20, 1973. "The "Battle of the Sexes" turned King into arguably the first superstar female athlete in
the United States' ("Billie"). She was known around the world after this match, "30,492 fans
squeezed into the Houston Astrodome to witness the so–called "Battle of the Sexes," while an
estimated 90 million people worldwide watched on television" ("Billie"). Bobby Riggs was a great
tennis player who often made sexist comments about women. He said, "women belong in the
bedroom and kitchen, in that order", and he declared, "women play about 25 percent as good as
men, so they should get about 25 percent of the money men get" ("Billie"). Before the "Battle of the
Sexes", "Riggs hyped the contest with a slew of misogynistic comments, including that "the best
way to handle women is to keep them pregnant and barefoot," and said King could not win because
women did not have "the emotional stability" to play (Gittings). The first time Riggs asked to play,
King declined him. When King agreed to play him, she beat him 6–4, 6–3, 6–3 (Gittings). After
winning the "Battle of the Sexes," King used her platform to fight for "equal rights and opportunities
for boys and girls, men and women...That's the way I want the world to look: men and women
working together, championing each other, helping each other, promoting each other –– we're all in
this world together" (Gittings). She knew that if she was ever #1 in tennis she would use it to fight
for equal rights even from a young age. She used her power to help others that lived in her time and
the future generations. In the same year Kings defeated Riggs, she

Stereotypes Of Women In Sports
Though being athletic and masculine have been a man's physical description, women have fought to
prove those gender stereotypes wrong. Women have been defeating the odds of athleticism and
masculinity that men realized, but wanted to hide and not appreciate their work. Through time men
and women have made an effort to come together to bring attention to the downgrading of women in
sports to earn acknowledgement and respect. With this, history has described men and women's
sports as not equal but as history continues, women defeat the odds yet again. Women participating
in athletic activities and sports date back millennia. Stories of women playing ball dates back to 800
BC in Homer's works of The Iliad. Until the 1870's, women never had the luxury of sports classified
for women specifically. Multitasking was a high concern. People thought that each person had a set
amount of energy and multitasking would deplete this energy rapidly that could cause harm to that
individual. Women were highly encouraged to limit their activity so they would not fatigue their
selves so quickly to avoid harm to their body. Doctors of this time believed this over–exertion could
damage reproductive organs, decrease fertility rate, excessive stimulate emotions to the extent of a
nervous breakdown, and even bizarre as decrease in a woman's sexual inhibition if she excessively
indulged in sports (Cahn par. 4). There were fashionable activities such as horseback riding for
women in the early 1800's

The Game Of Video Games
An aspect of video games which allows them to be so time consuming and stimulating is their
replayability factor. Certain video games have no replayability, but all of the most popular and
competitive video games have enough replayability to spend thousands of hours playing them and
never get bored. Games such as Dota2 and League of Legends only have one primary map, but they
still present the opportunity to play them for limitless amounts of time because of the variance in
characters. The number of different team combinations in League of Legends is over 1.16 with 21
zeros behind it. Every game of League takes around half an hour, which means that if you never
played with the same champions twice it would take around 6,621,000,000,000,000,000 years of
non–stop playing in order to play in a game with the same combination of champions again.
Multiplayer capabilities also extend this replayability value by allowing one to play with a variety of
different players from many different nationalities. In addition, the developers of games frequently
modify existing gameplay elements in what are referred to as balance patches. Balance patches are
eagerly awaited by the game's community because of their potential to change the game and make it
more interesting than it previously was. Balance patches also introduce new elements into games,
creating even more diversity and interesting interactions between gameplay elements. Being able to
spend hours on end playing the same game without

Esports Essays
Brandon Chow
Mrs. Mulligan
English 10 Honors
20 March 2013
Competitive Gaming
Competitive gaming, also known as e–sports, is becoming a worldwide phenomenon. With huge
events and tournaments that are watched by millions of passionate fans, many people are beginning
to question whether playing video games can be considered a real sport. Even though e–sports may
not be as physically demanding as traditional sports like football and basketball, the structure, strong
fan base and the requirements to seriously contend in the competitive gaming scene legitimize it as a
"real" sport. It is important to gain an understanding of the complete picture of e–sports before
classifying it as a real sport. Competitive gaming's origins ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Last October, Riot held the League of Legends Season 2 World Championships, a tournament that
brought the world's best teams together for a week of intense matches. $1 million went to the overall
champion, while a total of $5 million was spread out over the course of Season 2. Apart from the
unprecedented cash prizes, the League of Legends tournament was able to bring in over 8 million
"unique viewers" online, viewership that is greater than the National Hockey League's (Heaven and
Robinson). In South Korea individual e–sports events for the popular real–time strategy game
StarCraft 2 bring in over 100,000 live attendants to go alongside huge numbers of online spectators
(Robinson). On top of this, competitive gaming's popularity is continuing to grow through 2013.
David Ting, founder of Imagine Game Network's professional gaming league, states that online
traffic for the company's tournaments is "doubling every six months"(qtd. in Heaven). Who
would've thought that playing video games would turn into such a loved spectator sport? Apart from
the large following of people, the competitive gaming scene shares many of the same structural
characteristics as traditional sports like football and baseball, as is shown by the game League of
Legends. Like conventional games, League of Legends features a regular season where prominent
and upcoming teams verse each other to climb the standings in their divisions. When the regular
season ends, the

Applied Research Paper On Sports Gambling
Rui (Ray) Cao
Applied Research Methods
Professor Ken Derry
Purpose Statement: In 1992, congress passed the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act to
outlaw sports gambling in 46 states. Although sports gambling has been banned, it is still happening
under the table. In 2018, the NBA's support under present Commissioner Adam Silver for
nationwide legalized sports gambling is reaching new heights. This analysis is to discover the
history of sports gambling and the NBA's attitude to sports gambling.
Research Questions: Should sports gambling be legalized? If sports gambling is legalized, what can
the NBA get from it and what should the NBA do?
Gregory, Sean and Alex Rogers. "A Bet Worth Making." Time, vol. 185, no. 10, 23 Mar. 2015, pp.
40–43. EBSCOhost, proxy.library.nyu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=rgm&AN=101512669&site=eds–live. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We cannot say it is right or wrong, but it is illegal in most states of the United States. In 1992,
Congress passed the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA), outlawing sports
gambling everywhere except Nevada, Delaware, Oregon, and Montana. American pro sports leagues
have been against sports gambling for a long time, however, some of them have changed their
positions. They think it is time for that to change. For example, NBA Commissioner Adam Silver
has begun to push the legalization of sports gambling. Adam Silver told TIME, "It is part of the
culture in Europe to bet on sporting events. Of course, its legal and regulated. It's part of the culture
in the United States to bet on sporting events, it just happens to be

When America entered into World War II, several major...
When America entered into World War II, several major league baseball executives started a new
professional league with women players. They created a new league in order to maintain baseball in
the public eye while the majority of men were away. The All–American Girls Professional Baseball
League was founded by Philip K. Wrigley which existed from 1943 to 1954. During the league's
history, over 600 women played ball. AAGPBL players were recruited from all over the country and
Canada through the Cubs' scouting network (Fidler, 2006). Players' hitting, catching, fielding,
throwing, and running skills were thoroughly evaluated before players were invited to regional
tryouts or to sign a contract. Forty–four percent of the players were ... Show more content on
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The female apologetic suggests that female athletic involvement is tolerable as long as traditional
notions of femininity are present (Pierman, 2005; Roth & Basow,2004). The AAGPBL had to
present femininity to the public by wearing feminine uniforms, having charm, and code of conduct.
The overall look of the uniform was intended to remind fans that they were not only watching real
baseball, but real girls (Draeger, 1997). Players were issued an 11–page "Guide for All–American
Girls: How to Look Better, Feel Better, Be More Popular" along with a beauty kit (Charm School).
They were given instructions in putting on makeup, how to get in and out of a car gracefully, how to
speak correctly, and how to make proper conversations in social settings (Fincher, 1989). Clothing
guidelines were issued, as well as a 10–step suggested beauty routine for after the games. Many
females were denied from being able to join the AAGPBL if they looked masculine. Back then,
being labeled masculine as a female meant they did not meet the expectations of beauty. This raised
the question of, whether or not the exclusion of the masculine looking athletes compromised the
power statistics of the league. The answer to this question still remains unknown because it is
controversial. Joining the All–American Girls Professional Baseball League brought a new
opportunity for females. Many females were filling in masculine jobs

How did Jackie Robinson Overcome Racial Discrimination in...
Have you ever been protested and demonstrated against? Jackie Robinson felt the outcry of America
during his baseball career. Fighting not only for his future, but also for the overall well–being of his
sport, Robinson received death threats for his efforts. On a daily basis, this disciplined African man
fought the pressures of hatred toward his entire race. As a segregated country, America saw major
league baseball as a white man's sport. Robinson was the outlier in an otherwise American
"tradition." Society observed Robinson's play on the field with extremely bias eyes. No matter the
achievement; no matter the obstacle; many still discredited his abilities due to the color of his skin.
Over time skeptics gave in to their malice. Robinson ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His passion for desegregation showed during his time in the army. As stated in the article Historic
Impact, "He was court–martialed for failing to sit in the back of the bus at a Texas army base. The
case became a national, political incident and the army was forced to dismiss the charges against
him" ("Historic" 1,2)! Just because the Color Barrier was an impenetrable force did not mean Jackie
Robinson was not willing to use every ounce of his body to burst through it! Baseball has always
been a part of America's pastime. From Babe Ruth calling his shot to Cy Young winning 511 games,
baseball has always been a sport of chance. Baseball is a sport where one has to give the other team
an opportunity to win. A team cannot run the clock down until the game is over; the other team
always has a chance to win the game. The fate of a team always lies in their own hands. The same
chance for success was given to Jackie Robinson when Branch Rickey brought him into the major
leagues. If Robinson could put up respectable statistics and play with class and dignity he could win
the heart of a country. In Rubinstein's article it states, "Following Rickey's lead, some Major League
clubs were quick to integrate" ("Rubinstein" 25). Jackie's perseverance lead to a huge wave of
Negro players into Major League baseball. Players like Willie Stargell, Joe Morgan, and Willie
Mays became stars of the league all because of Robinson. As stated in Rubinstein's article "By the

Sports Franchise Simulation : First Half Reflections
Sport Franchise Simulation – First Half Reflections Introduction For four seasons now, Swansea
City has enjoyed a foray into professional sports leagues as part of a sports franchise simulation.
Competing in division three of the National Sports League, Swansea has been challenged to develop
a business strategy that optimises profits despite their unique, franchise–specific limitations in
revenue earning capability. Franchise management has been astonished to learn the extent to which
these revenue limitations affect business decisions, as detailed in the following report. After brief
descriptions of Swansea City's expectations as a franchise and resultant business strategy, this report
summarises the events from the League's first four ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the primary variable being the team 's win percentage (Wx), their revenue function was
formulated as such: R = 12 + 20(Wx) – 30(Wx)^2, where R equals revenue in millions. What this
meant was that, at any win percentage, Swansea's revenue was predicted to be the second–lowest in
the league compared to the amount other teams would make from the same number of wins. This
offered valuable insight to assist the formation of Swansea 's business strategy, but only when
considered alongside the franchise 's operating costs. The primary expense for all league teams was
the salary of talented players, but the cost of talent varied between league divisions. Swansea City
competed in the third division, where each unit of talent was retained for one million dollars per
season. Although Swansea 's management considered vying for promotion to the second division –
where talent salaries increased to two million per season – this option was discarded, as discussed in
the overview of Swansea City 's business strategy next. Business strategy Swansea City 's revenue
function indeed clarified the franchise 's choice of division, but this only became evident after
calculating optimum talent levels. Swansea 's talent in relation to those of other teams was identified
as being the primary factor influencing win percentage, which, as described above, in turn had the
greatest effect upon the franchise 's revenue earning capability. So, to begin talent

Descriptive Essay About Dance
Growing up, dance has been a very important aspect of my life. I dance every chance I get, whether
that's in my bedroom, by myself, at Walmart listening to the radio, or around anyone really. I tend to
not talk a whole lot, and over time, dance was a way to help me express myself, since words
couldn't. Moving away to Kansas was probably the worst but best decision I've made. It was nice
because I got to meet new people and learn new things that really helped me become who I am now.
It was upsetting to leave behind my friends, and most of all, my family, and the place I called
"home" for so long. As long ago as it was, I still remember the first friday night football game I went
to as an 8th grader. Colby was up by two points against Norton and there was about a minute left of
the first half of the game; when I noticed a group of girls in these black and orange uniforms with
poms behind their backs and smiles on their faces. When they walked out onto the field, the crowd
went silent, and the announcer announced them as "The CHS Dance Team." Watching them was
incredible. They were so in sync with each other and they looked like they were having the best time
ever out there. After that one time of watching, I went every Friday night just to watch them at
halftime.
I was ecstatic going into highschool only because that meant I could finally try–out to be apart of the
dance team. I had loved to dance for so long, and the opportunity to be able to do what I loved
excited me. Walking in through those gym doors for the first time, after learning the routine a few
days ago, was very nerve wracking. I was terrified of what the other girls would think of me and if
I'd be good enough to be apart of their team. Denita, the coach, came over to me shortly after and
handed me a sticker with the number eight on it; which would represent where I'd be standing and
who I'd be standing with. Denita told us specific instructions and gave an explanation on how
everything was going to happen. She was going to be recording the group and giving it to the
judges, who were anonymous, to see who would be on the team for that year. The requirements
weren't terribly too bad, you had to score an 80% or better to join. You were graded on how

My Passion Is Softball
Imagine a warm September night under bright field lights. The light summer breeze brushing against
your face. A rush of adrenaline through your veins. There's a swell of cheering coming from in the
stands and the dugout. You can feel the most overwhelming sense of joy. That is my passion.
According to the Merriam Webster English Dictionary, passion means "a strong liking or desire for,
or devotion to some activity, object, or concept," but that is stiff and set, with no hint of emotion as
all definitions are. To me it means a feeling in your chest when you think about something, because
you love that one thing so much. Everyone has different passions, but for me one thing strikes a
chord. My passion is softball, and it includes so many amazing things even past it's pretty obvious
physical benefits. I love softball, because it has allowed me to be healthier, learn many life lessons,
and make great friends. It benefits my community by allowing primarily young girls to develop
leadership skills, how to deal with controversy, teachability, and gives them an opportunity to make
friendships that will last them their whole lives, as well. To understand how softball benefits people,
it would be easier if we knew a little history. You probably think it's simple: "Softball is just
women's baseball." That, however, is not entirely the case. In fact, softball was actually created as
the product of a football game. In November of 1887, a group of friends sat at the Farragut Boat
Club in

Women in Baseball
Baseball, some would argue, is America's favorite past time. Many can recall their experiences as
they enjoyed the game as a child and then continue to share it with their children. The sport has
brought us many great moments such as when Jackie Robinson broke racial barriers as the first
African American to play in the major leagues. When one thinks of professional baseball, many
times, names of greats such as Hank Aaron, Babe Ruth, and Willie Mays come to mind. What many
fans over look about America's favorite past time is the period when fewer men were available to
continue their participation in the sport, as many were drafted to serve in World War II. Not wanting
the game to come to an end, the league brought in women hoping the spirit of the game would
continue to thrive. Even though these female leagues were formed, the sport was not truly the same
as the women athletes were held to different standards and not given the same opportunity as the
men who had played the game.
In today's society most people view softball as the female equivalent to baseball but is it really? Due
to social norms it is widely accepted as true. Girls who may have started off by playing baseball
with their local neighborhood friends usually have become fully adapted and successful in a softball
career by high school. Because of social conditioning most parents and children do not realize that it
is acceptable for girls to play on boys baseball teams if there is not an all girls baseball team

The Pros And Cons Of Competitive Gaming
Today, because of advanced technology a lot of things has changed. New things are invented. Mail
have become e–mail, cellular phones become smartphones and internet becomes our best friend.
Those are some of the changes brought by technology. Have you ever thought these advancement of
technology can bring a new form of sport?
Competitive gaming, sometimes called as E–Sports or Electronic sports by fans and spectators – is a
form of sports where the primary aspects of the sport are facilitated by electronic systems (Hamari
& Sjoblom, 2015). It is not like the traditional sports we've seen, but the essence of a sport is also
present in E–Sports.
E–Sports is starting to hit our mainstream consciousness. It is starting to gain attention around ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Like a traditional sport certain skills are required to play a video game. These skills required are
eventually developed and can be used in real life situations. "Mental skills, strategies or training are
just a few other examples of components which influence the performance. All of them can be found
in Competitive Gaming." (Froböse, 2014) , because of some similarities of Sports of E–Sports some
nations are starting to recognize it as a "real" sport. The United States of America recognizes E–
Sports players (professional gamers) as professional athletes. The US government finally now
recognizes E–Sports players as professional athletes, and will grant them visas under that identifier.
(Tassi, 2013). Organization are for formed to manage and regulate E–Sports activities. In South
Korea, they have Korea e–Sports Association (KeSPA), a governing body of E–Sports officially
recognize by their government.
E–Sports classes is now offered in some schools as an alternative for the traditional P.E classes or a
major subject in a sport curriculum. A Norway high school will be among the first secondary
schools to introduce it to their core curriculum. (Prescott, 2016) Pupils will be able to practice and
learn games such as DotA and Counter–Strike, to name a

Negative Effects Of Lockouts In Professional Sports
Lockouts in professional sports happen very often in America and have many negative effects on the
owners of the sport team, the players involved with the sport, and the economy. Lockouts happen
regularly in sports because of labor disputes between the owners and the athletes. These labor
contract disputes usually last a long time and have a negative impact one lot of things. Most
lockouts lately have been in football, hockey, and basketball, but baseball has not had a lockout in
twenty years. Lockouts in sports have had negative social and economic consequences for local
economies and players, but sometimes they can benefit the owners. Lockouts will always be part of
American sports and will always have some kind of impact.
The last lockout ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When fans of a sport team attend a local professional sporting event they are more likely to spend a
lot of money on concessions and entertainment either in the stadium or at local restaurants or stores
around the stadium (Coates and Humphreys, 2001). Owners lose money a lot of money when there
are lockouts in their sport because owners make revenue off a variety of items such as luxury box
sales, concessions, and parking (Woods, 2011). During the course of a season owners, restaurants,
and local businesses can lose significant amounts of business and revenue because of lockouts. If
there are less lockouts in the future of professional sports, they will greatly impact owners, the
economy, and local

Anthropology : The First Day Of Class
What is Anthropology? When this question was asked on the first day of class. I immediately
thought to myself that it was the study of nonindustrial peoples but it was much more. According to
the American Anthropology Association, Anthropology is the study of humans, past and present. I
realized that many social science focus on one single society such as the United States. While,
anthropology offers a unique cross–cultural perspective, constantly comparing the customs of one
society with those of others (pg. 1). In class, we watched a movie called "A League of Their Own",
and got to be ethnography anthropologist. As a short term anthropologist well be uncovering the
different aspects of the movie as well as background research. Today's society, we observe
differences in not only male and female sexes, but importantly, their gender. Throughout the A
League of Their Own their was gender role behaviors and attitudes. The males in the film were
displayed aggression, especially toward females. Aggression was shown in many ways such as
sarcasm and yelling. Jimmy Dugan, a main character in the film as the Rockford Peaches' coach, is
rude with his remarks. In one scene, Evelyn performs a wrong play, which Jimmy starts yelling at
her as she is walking towards the dugout. Evelyn begins to cry as Jimmy is yelling at her and
responses with his famous line "There's no crying in baseball!". In the world, we see different types
of families whether its blend, nuclear, extended, single

Should Esports Be Considered A Sport?
Should eSports Be Considered a Sport? A sport is defined as an athletic activity requiring skill or
physical prowess and often of a competitive nature. Competitive. Competition is a rivalry between
two or more persons or groups for an object desired in common, usually resulting in a victor and a
loser. Something to argue would be if a competition could legitimately be considered a sport. The
word 'compete' is in the definition of sport after all. So, should eSports, or Electronic Sports, be
considered a sport? eSports are a form of a sport that deals with video games and their competitions
between professionals. eSports has risen over the years, with 2016 allowing the peak of the
popularity. "Consider this year's The International 2016 DOTA (Defense Of The Ancients) 2
Tournament," Chris Wood says to The State Press [eSports deserve their place in the world]. "The
total prize pool available to the winning teams of this tournament (August, 2016) was around $20
million dollars. In comparison, the prize money pool for the 2014 Rose Bowl was $22 million."
With winnings like this, I believe it is beyond safe to say that eSports are on the rise, and they mean
business.
Many other competitive games have been considered eSports in the past few years as well. CS:GO,
or Counter Strike: Global Offensive, is the number one eSport to date. CS:GO is a first–person
shooter developed by Valve which pits 10 players against each other on teams to fight for a common
objective. CS:GO is so

My Options for the Sports Brand Sponsors
Marketing Sponsor
Sponsors support organizations or events financially, and in return, they ask the organizations to
advertise their logo. It is up to the organization to find different ways, through which they can
advertise the brand. The sports franchise I work for, wants me to find sponsors and the way those
sponsors should advertise. Following is the information related to the current brand, which is
sponsoring the company and three more brands which I have found for the franchise and the ways in
which their logos are going to be advertised.
Current Sponsors and how they are used
The current sponsors, which the sports franchise has is Sky Sports; Sky Sports is a famous sports
channel, where matches of different sports are shown. The current way in which the logo of Sky
Sports is being displayed is through T–shirts. Every athlete wears a shirt, on which the logo of Sky
Sports is printed. As sports events are shown on national or international television, the logos are
seen by everyone, who watches the sports event. Moreover, when athletes are called for interviews,
they usually wear their sports jerseys, on which the logo of Star Sports is displayed, giving more
exposure to the brand.
First Sponsor
The first brand which I would approach to sponsor the sports franchise is XBOX; XBOX has
captured the attention of a vast audience, as it is fun for the children and the young. The way
through which the sponsor logo of XBOX would be used is through an application of XBOX, on

America 's Most Important Pastime
America's Most Important Pastime
Today men and women live equal lives. They have the same opportunities when it comes to jobs,
voting, education, and practically any other entitlement that comes to mind. According to the
Constitution, equality for women came about in 1920. That was the year women received the right
to vote, and in their eyes received the right to be seen as an equal instead of a lesser person.
However, to the dismay of many women, that idea was not entirely true. Women were still viewed
differently than men by the public. This difference in perception can be seen by focusing on the job
opportunities for a woman through the 1920s and up until World War II. Before World War II
women were not supposed to work in the factories, instead they were supposed to work at home.
During World War II however, many workingmen were drafted into the army, thus creating the
necessity for women to step in and work in the factories and other higher–class jobs. Thrusting
women into the working class emphatically changed the ideology that men and women were not
equal, however, I argue that the greatest change of mind was not created by the women working in
the factories, but by the women who were elected to substitute in to keep the game of baseball
afloat. The female athletes who played baseball during World War II were brought in as a last resort
to save baseball, forced to fulfill stereotypes, and taught how to act, but were still persevered
through all of those strikes

Should Sports Be Better Workers At Our Jobs?
Each and every one of us is familiar with the concept of competition. Some of us have played sports
as children, been involved in review games in class, or even have sat down with our family to play a
simple board game. These types of activities may require different materials or levels of
understanding, but they all revolve around competition. It can also be argued that competition is
what drives us to success in life. We strive to become better workers at our jobs and better students
in class ahead of all of those behind us. Sports are one of the most popular forms of competition that
we can observe in today 's society. When it comes down to the actual definition of a sport, where do
we draw the line of what really is a sport? Nowadays ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Football teams in the NFL practice multiple times a week for a wide variety of different things.
There is a lot of physical training and working out involved on the field and in the gym, but there
are also activities off the field that are given attention by players and coaching staff. Daily meetings
to talk about the condition of the team and video studies are just some of the activities that players
must stay on top of. Esport teams must follow a similar schedule, although physical exercise is taken
care of on their own time. A lot of pro players that play League of Legends have reported practicing
for 10–14 hours a day for 5–6 days per week. If they are not practicing strategy or new characters in
the game, they will stream online for their viewers to enjoy. This schedule is even more strict than
some actual jobs that are out there, only needing 8 hours a day in the office. Besides playing the
game, Esport teams will get together and talk strategy, previous games, and ways that they can
perform better as a team. Whether it be on the field or in a comfy desk chair, both types of
competition require intense training and dedication to the game not all players can maintain in their
daily lives
Dedication from fans is also a factor that makes a sport more or less popular. In the US, football is
one of the most popular sports in the country. On

Why Do so Many Professional Athletes Go Broke After...
Jay Nicholls Economics of Sports Prof. Enz 4/5/13 Why do so many professional athletes go broke
after retirement? After watching ESPN's 30 for 30, Broke, my mind starting pondering this question
of why and how so many professional athletes are blowing through the millions they make while
playing their specific sport? It is amazing that someone can spend that much money so quickly.
What are they buying and who are they buying things for? Where are they spending it? Where do
they go wrong? When did this trend start and will it continue in the future? What are the league
officials doing in order to prevent this tragedy from happening? These are some of the questions I
will try to answer throughout this paper. In March of 2009 Pablo ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Seymour also brings up a good point that is often overlooked by people on the outside or the fans;
this is the length of professional sports careers. There are very few athletes in any sport that can last
long enough to retire and have enough money to not worry about the rest of their lives. Athletes
such as Brett Favre, Cal Ripken, Chris Chelios and Gordie Howe are the rare exceptions to this rule.
Howe played professional hockey throughout five decades spanning nearly fifty years. An article
from quanthockey.com stated that the average NHL player will play between five and six seasons in
the league no matter what position they were. On average that accounted for roughly 238 games
played for skaters but far less for goaltenders ("Average Length of an NHL Player Career"). The
numbers across the other three major leagues are very similar or lower. However hockey players, for
the most part, are either good with their money or good at staying out the spotlight if they do go
broke. The RAM Financial Group is a company that specializes in helping professional athletes
manage their wealth. They refer to themselves as financial coaches that "help guide you to success"
by planning for retirement, handling taxes, insurance, and budgeting along with many other
services. In an article on their website they wrote that the average NFL career is 3.5

Should Sports Be Considered A Real Sport Essay
Should sports be considered a real sport? There is a lot of talk on this topic and should it be
considered a real sport. And with the plain answer yes it should there is so much that you can go into
the back this up. They do everything that real sports do like championships and seasons. They have
so many competitions and cups. There are pro players and people getting paid to do these sports.
They only thing that people say and think about them is that it's just a video game how can it be a
real sport. I think sports would be a real sport with the amount if skill involved and the teamwork at
play, and the following it has. Well look at it like this, you could say that sports have already been
considered a real sport. How? Well, chess is considered a real sport and you could classify it to a
game like a counterstrike or Call of duty. This is a growing sport and will someday be just as big as
a football. This lets people who may not be able to run as fast or catch a ball as well actually do
something in sport. Games like League of Legends and counterstrike take a lot of skill to learn and
we may never master what they have to offer. But these games take the same amount of skill or even
more to play. With games like football, you can catch a ball better and run faster. That is not as much
skill as learning smokes across a map or learning spray control or timing your attacks just right for if
you go one second off you lose it all blows up in your face. These games take so much

The Jackie Robinson
The mens baseball league was in trouble when World War II started. The fans of baseball and
citizens of the U.S. Did not like the idea of men getting paid to play baseball while loved ones sent
to war so a certain Philip Wrigley owner of wrigleys gum and the Chicago cubs didn't think baseball
would last. Shortly after Pearl Harbor got bombed by the Japanese and most of the male players
went off to serve our country. The league owner wanted to end baseball but president Franklin
Delano Roosevelt wrote a letter called the green light letter which stated that baseball was a great
cheap family recreation that took about 2 and a half hours. This letter also stated that baseball was
good for the economy giving people jobs and fun. The final item in the letter asked the judge to
extend night games so day shift workers could watch too. Philip Wrigley and three other men
Branch Rickey owner and president of the Brooklyn dodgers, Paul V. Harper Chicago attorney, and
Ken Sells the President of the league decided that if they wanted baseball to continue the women
would have to come play hard ball, but softball was already easily available so these four men set
out to find a way to convince girls to play baseball, so Wrigley and the other men decided to
combine the ideas of softball and baseball, they also decided to name the league the All–American
Girls Baseball League (AAGBBL) but later changed it to the ALL–American Girls Professional
Baseball League (AAGPBL)

Professional Gamer Negative Outcomes Of An Elite Gamer
Professional Gamer Negative Outcomes It's preposterous and a dream come true, the profession of
an elite gamer. In this day and age, this recreational activity is considered a career. The professional
sports they had in previous generations are transitioning into eSports, one of the fastest growing
industries in the United States, South Korea, and other places around the world. "To put the
skyrocketing of eSport viewership into perspective, the 2013 League of Legends Season 3 World
Championship's thirty–two million viewers surpassed both the BCS National Championship and
game seven of the NBA Finals by seven million, and more than doubled the viewership of the World
Series." (Kasten) With this career, however retirement comes quickly and fame dissipates gradually.
The career of a famous professional gamer is very dynamic and never set in stone. Although it is
theoretically an enjoyable career, professional gamers develop huge drawbacks which include
persistent stress, video–game related health problems, and early retirement, which leaves the gamer
living under inhumane circumstances. The negative outcomes that result from the famous gamer
profession, greatly outweigh the positives.
In theory, the life of a professional gamer is the ultimate dream. To make thousands of dollars while
virtually kicking your enemies ass in a game of StarCraft, League of Legends, or Counter–Strike. It
is very easy to enter the world of eSports, no college education is required, so any gamer

The American Girls Softball League
In the year 1943, Philip K. Wrigley founded the All–American Girls Softball League. He formed the
league to entertain baseball fans while many of the men were away fighting WWII. What began as a
softball league transformed to baseball league that eventually became known as the All–American
Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL). The league was designed with fifteen teams made
up of twenty to twenty–five women spread out across America. The league existed for twelve years,
from 1943 to 1954. This was a period of time when women were not supposed to have professional
careers outside of the home, much less careers that involved professional athletics. Girls were
expected to grow up to be wives and mothers, not baseball players. The women of the AAGPBL
were athletic pioneers who pursued and captured their dreams of playing professional baseball in
much the same way as men had for decades. World War Two opened the door for the women of the
AAGPBL to take a huge role in the American public. On December 7th, 1941, the Japanese attacked
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, becoming the largest attack on American soil until the events of 9/11. The
United States went to war almost immediately, sending out military grade men between the ages of
18 and 39 to fight in the war between the German and Japanese forces. With the war requiring so
many men who would usually be populating the workforce, a sudden unexpected labor shortage
emerged. This was only amplified when the need for machines of

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