The Importance Of The Slave Trade

The Importance Of The Slave Trade
In 1807 the British enacted the abolition of slave trade act. This banned the slave trade in all of their
dominions and protectorates by 1834. By then, the Britain's slave colonies had experienced the most
economic decline and struggled to compete with other colonial empires. As a result they decided to
end the slave trade in order to further their economic interest and still be able use the labor while
still appearing as the humanitarians. After all, slavery was their most lucrative and profitable
resource until its decline. Realizing this, they pressured the Seyid Said to abolish slavery in
exchange for their support as a means to control the valuable resources Zanzibar had to offer.
Knowing full well that the Omani economy was still heavily reliant on slave trade, removing it
would severely impact their revenues and give Britain the ability to take over their market and
control of the region.
Interestingly, the Omanis where known for being especially kind to their slaves. According to
multiple accounts by English explorers and diplomats the Omanis where described as being more
respectful to their slaves than "many householders at home treat their so–called 'Slaveys,' or
husbands their wives in the East End of London." Other accounts described slaves as owning slaves
and living in the same quarters as their masters, something the British were not accustomed too. It
came to the surprise of many visiting westerners of the Omanis' "relatively humane treatment" and
that
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The Slave Trade
Through the transportation use of the asientistas, the slave trade was constantly changing and
integrated with the whole Atlantic economy. From 1595 to 1773, a total of 648,688 slaves, or an
annual average of 3,381 slaves every year for the 178 years of trade. However, as with many
economic understandings and studies changes are more important than the totals. Therefore, the
changing sources of supply and destinations are of more importance. With Spanish records, the
Guinea of Cape Verde and the region just south of Congo mouth were the main sources of slaves
arriving to Spanish–America. More recently in 1997, Hugh Thomas published one of his better
known works "The Slave Trade: The History of the Atlantic Slave Trade 1440 – 1870." In his piece
here Thomas speaks to the morals and ethics behind slavery as well as how the international profit–
making business got started. At the very beginning, Columbus himself became a slave trader in the
new Atlantic business, and thus the slave economy began. "Very slowly, black slaves also began to
be seen in the new Spanish imperial possessions. But this occurred without fanfare, and with false
starts." However, when the Spanish Crown heard the requests of many of its officials in the New
World, they started to allow the supply of African workers. It grew rapidly and between 1529 and
1537 the Crown gave over 350 licenses to slavers to carry African workers to Peru. And less than 50
years later a constant supply was delivered to help

Slavery And The Slave Trade
The history of slavery is long, documented, captured in photos and personal narratives of slaves and
slave owners. There are many accounts of how slavery started, the horrific stories of transporting
slaves and what they were used for throughout history. To start at the beginning you have to start
with how slaves were placed in different countries and continents where they were not born. Most
know about the Atlantic slave trade that effected North America, South America and the Caribbean.
Slavery existed way before the foundations of America were set in stone. There was slavery in the
bible days between the Hebrews and Israelites. Some do not know besides the Atlantic slave trade
there was also the Eastern Slave trade. There was also ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
India had a number of African slaves until the British invaded in 1843. (discoveringbristol.org)
Slaves that were taken into Northern Africa and the Middle East were not always African. Some
arrived from the Mediterranean. (Unesco.org staff)
Africans were taken from the coast of Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique and Madagascar during the
East African Slave Trade. They also hailed from the Savannah area which included Mali, Niger,
Chad, Sudan and the Horn of Africa which includes Djibouti, Ethiopia and Somalia and were sold to
merchants in Northern Africa and the Middle East. Some of the slave women were married to their
masters and had children by them. Slaves soon became a part of the local population. Most
plantation in the North Africa, the Middle East and India were spice and food plantations requiring
less work from men. In the seventeenth century it was estimated that over ten thousand slaves were
sold per year to the Middle East and North Africa. There was a small number of slaves who were
sold to the Persian Gulf including countries such as Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Oman and what is now
the United Arab of Emirates. The French also found a use in selling slaves to grow sugar plantations
on the islands the country owned along the Indian Ocean. Brazil also brought African slaves for
assistance in sugar plantations. By the eighteenth century slavery had increased rapidly and were in
high demand for

The Slave Trade : The Origins Of The Slave Trade
Origins of the Slave Trade
For three hundred years, millions of enslaved Africans were forced to leave the comfort of their
homes and families to work in far off places with unknown people. With the help of the transatlantic
slave trade, otherwise known as the middle passage or as the triangular trade route, multitudes of
homeless slaves were able to be transported all over the globe to work on plantations, mines, and do
other straining chores. Soon many people used these abused servants to do their strenuous tasks for
them. Therefore, the tradition of slavery is s a very important factor in developing multiple countries
worldwide. For many years in Africa, slaves were abundantly used for work. African leaders and
monarchs believed that the power of people was the most important tool of the African society. Ever
since the the upgrade from an agricultural economy to that of a manufacturing one, slaves in Africa
did everything from mining precious minerals to producing goods (Falona and Warnock 354).
Therefore the more slaves a country owned, the more power the country ultimately had. The
majority of these working slaves were either criminals or war captives, but the ones who didn't
work, were occasionally taken for debt or even disowned by their own family (Falona and Warnock
353). These non–working slaves were eventually put into their own social groups depending on the
reason and circumstance. Groups accepted slaves to often expand and become more powerful than
the

British Slave Trade
Slavery also increased British exports. As a result of the increased productivity and profits made
from slavery, the average British consumer had more money to spend on goods that cost less. These
forces helped to revive a slowing British economy and increased capital flows throughout the British
Empire. Cheap labor resulted in cheaper goods, and the British consumer was rewarded. As British
industries gained more profits from slave institutions, they also expanded their markets. With the
benefits achieved from slavery, British industry sold more goods to more people in more locations.
Sales of commodities also became more common, enabling further economic development.
Empirically, the raw tonnage of exports from England increased fourfold from 1715 to 1775. The ...
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Almost every major British industry benefitted from the increased productivity created by slavery.
Gun manufacturing was one of the first major industries to receive direct benefits from the slave
trade. Guns and slaves increased in direct proportion to each other. Guns, which were a relatively
advanced technology in the late 1700s, were given to African slave traders for African slaves, since
African slave owners desired guns and gunpowder to protect their kingdoms from other rival tribes.
Guns were highly sought after by African slave traders and could be traded for more slaves than any
other good. Whatley of Stanford suggests that it would only cost around 3.5 to 4.5 pounds sterling
worth of gunpowder to purchase a slave, but would cost nearly 40 pounds sterling to buy a slave
using any other good. That huge difference between gunpowder and the alternative trade item shows
how much more value slave traders placed on guns and gunpowder than other goods. As a result, it
made more economic sense to use guns and gunpowder to purchase

The Abolance Of The Slave Trade
Slavery was accepted and recognized all around the world. During the sixteenth to nineteenth
century, many european colonies engaged in the slave trade and the Atlantic slave trade. Roughly
twelve million African slaves were transported across the Atlantic from the early sixteenth century
to the 1860's. Britain became the largest slave provider, 3.1 million slaves were transported, but only
2.7 survived. The government of Great Britain banned slave ships from engaging in the slave trade
because they believed it was not morally correct or morally right to have slaves. Walvin argues that
the British played a major and involuntary role in bringing an end to the slave trade. He also
believes if the British were not the initiators for the slave ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In 1761 the Quakers believed it was a christian duty to end slavery. All quakers on both sides of the
Atlantic were banned from owning slaves. If you were caught still owning a slave you were
disowned from the group. It was not until 1783 when the Quakers came together and presented a
petition to the House of Commons against the slave trade. The quakers received three hundred
signatures from other quakers. After looking at the amount of signatures they set up a formal
committee. The committee had the original nine quakers plus three Anglicans; Granville Sharp,
Philip Sansom, and Thomas Clarkson. Once Thomas Clarkson joined the committee he took matters
into his own hands and started to get more public attention. Clarksons journey to stop the slave trade
began in 1785 when he wrote an essay called 'Is it lawful to make slaves of others against their
wills?'. The quakers read the essay and published it in 1786. A year later in May of 1787 Clarkson
and eleven others created the 'Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade'. Clarkson
realized that they would not pass the bill unless they had research backing up with views on who it
was unethical to have slaves. He began by traveling. On his travels he collected research by
observing, finding witnesses, interviewing slaves, making notes and assembling evidence. Once he
had the research he traveling more than thirty–five– thousand miles informing others on his

The History Of The Slave Trade
The history of the slave trade is one that most people would want to forget. Though, forgetting such
an important era in the history of the world is not only wrong but a recipe for repeating other such
mistakes. According to Capone (2007), more than 11 million Africans were taken to the New World
in the period between the 16th and mid–19th centuries. More than any other colony in the Americas:
Brazil received the largest portion of the slaves. The Brazilian coastline was especially a major
hosting ground for the new Africans who were arriving from the western African states including
Bight of Benin, Senegambia, Bight of Biafra, as well as other regions in West Central Africa. The
huge number of Africans would over the years dominate the ... Show more content on
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The first European to uncover Brazil was Pedro Alveres Cabral, who made the discovery in 1500.
Consequently, the Europeans settled in Brazil with the initial intention of harvesting Brazilian wood,
however, sugar was found to grow very well in Brazil. The profits of sugar went further than those
that were being reaped from the wood; which meant sugar would become the main Brazilian export.
Over time, Brazil made a name for itself as the production of not just the best sugar, but also the
main producer in the Atlantic world. Therefore, the nature of the sugar trade and its growth created
challenges within the farming process that turned out to be very labor intensive. The reality was very
few European farmers, which made it a task for them to meet the proper labor demands while the
native population was not very effective in handling the pressures that were distinctive in the sugar
plantations. This forced the sugar farmers to resort to importing labor in the form of slaves. In the
initial stages, the Portuguese were getting about 5,000 slaves annually. These slaves were mainly
gotten from Angola and in West Africa and were being sent to Brazil (Behrendt, 1997).
As time moved on, the number of slaves being transported to Brazil continued to increase
recurrently. According to Selka (2007), more than a million slaves had been imported to Brazil by
the turn of the 18th century.

Slavery And The Slave Trade
The phenomenon of new world slavery was a well–run business and the slaves were the product.
Slavery was one of the few industries in history where assets exceeded liability and owner's equity,
which is an unusual occurrence considering the equation is normally that assets equal liability and
owner's equity. Throughout this essay, the rise of slavery and the slave trade will be explained and
slavery will be illustrated as the product of a domino effect. Slavery was a process and it took many
people and pieces to fall into place for it to become the most profitable industry in its day,
progressing over a 400–year time span. The economic analysis in this paper will show that the
ideology of slavery in the new world came after the economic incentive. First, it is important to lay
out the numbers to show the logic that was used to rationalize slavery. According to Beckles, A
voyage to capture slaves in the 1700's cost between $194,000 and $336,000. For the sake of this
example the median $265,000 will be used to represent the total cost of voyage in the 1700's. Each
voyage roughly consisted of the following costs. Many people were involved in setting up joint
stock companies similar to a modern hedge fund with participatory units, to raise the capital for the
slave trade and were given deeds and monopoly privileges to decrease risk of their finances. The
whole point of the trip was to collect the assets, which were the slaves. The cargo on the ship was
the payment for

The Atlantic Slave Trade
The demand of commerce, goods, and wealth during the 18th century proliferated the Atlantic Slave
Trade. Slave labor arose as the vital machinery that fueled the commercial enterprise of the
European nations, making it the primary focus of European slave traders. Therefore, the facile
access and opportunity of procuring human labor from the West Coast of Africa allowed this region
to obtain a prominent stature among the Europeans. Accelerating Africa's prominence in the Atlantic
Slave Trade were its natives who, in pursuing the wealth and goods of the Europeans, readily
participated in the practice of capturing other Africans and selling them as slaves on the Western
Coast of the continent. Two West African regions contributing to the massive slave trade were the
Bight of Biafra and Bight of Benin. Though these two regions lie in close proximity to each other,
varying attributes concerning the structure of the slave trade can be assigned to each area. Such
characteristics include the conducting of the trade by middlemen in response to the arrangement of
each region's governance, the means by which middlemen acquire slaves in each region, and the
mortality rates of each area. The structure of authority of the Bight of Biafra and Bight of Benin had
a profound effect on how the slave trade was conducted from these regions' respective hinterlands to
their coasts. As the writings of Antera Duke and Olaudah Equiano suggest, the Bight of Biafra
consisted of scattered

Slave Trade Influence
The Atlantic Slave Trade impacted Africa in multiple negative ways: most people were captured and
sold as slaves for goods and shipped off to a new country, others were harassed, assaulted, and
beaten. Although our ancestors might not have been from Africa, slavery impacted our country, it
changed the world. African slavery impacted the world in many ways, however it's legacy lives
within Elmina Castle, and it's history lives within the United States.
Elmina castle was originally built as a trading establishment by the Portuguese in 1482, however it
later became a "slave castle" were hundreds of slaves would be confined until being sold and
shipped to the Americas and other countries (Arcton, npr). The Elmina Castle gives a glimpse of
how ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These castles serve as historic landmarks to preserve the history of the Slave Trade, and more
importantly to preserve and protect the memories and lives of African ancestors, as well as protect
the beliefs and rights of others. Slavery is an important part of African history that effected many
other countries as well, such as the Unites States.
An important part of the United States history began with slavery, although it led to economic
growth within the country, it also led to other important events in history such as the Civil War, the
Underground Railroad, and the 13th amendment. In school children are taught about slavery and the
effects it had on the United States, effects that still plague this nation to this day. One cannot learn
about United States history without learning about other factors that contributed to and influenced
this country.
Elmina Castle represents the mistreatment African ancestors had to endure, it stands a memorial for
those who innocently lost their lives. Although Elmina Castle did not directly impact the United
States, the people who passed through their doors did.
Works

The Politics Of The Slave Trade
The Politics of the Slave Trade: Art Engaging Eighteenth–Century Audiences with the Abolitionist
Movement
Ella Ottaviano
The rise of the abolitionist movement in the late eighteenth century, created a platform for artworks
to be used as arguments for the abolition of slavery. Artworks during the Enlightenment employed a
variety of visual techniques to emotionally engage their audiences with the politics of the slave trade
and to elicit a sympathetic response from the viewer towards African slaves, strengthening the
abolitionist argument.
John Raphael Smith's mezzotint (after George Morland), Execrable human traffic, or The Slave
Trade engages audiences with the abolitionist argument through it's representation of the African
slaves as a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1787, the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade was founded in London and by
the late 1780's petitions critiquing the slave trade were widely circulating throughout Britain. The
growing support for the abolition of slave trade paralleled the rise in frequency of images of
aversion towards slavery in art.
This growing sentiment was primarily influenced new enlightenment philosophy and development
of rational thought towards a defence of modern 'human rights' cultivated by philosophers who
influenced the public ideas of morality.
Through it's broad dissemination and unabashed appeal to the emotions, John Raphael Smith's
mezzotint (after George Morland), Execrable human traffic, or The Slave Trade, (Fig. 2) engaged
with an extensive audience and attracted many more people to the side of the abolitionists. The
artwork illustrates the violent abduction and separation of an African family by European slavers.
The artwork depicts a tropical, seaside scene in which black man is being restrained by two white
slave traders, he looks longingly towards his wife and child, who are being led away.
The picture plane is shallow, with sparse detail or information occurring in the background, pushing
forward the scene of the abduction and drawing the violence and emotion of the people to the
forefront of the viewer. The salient point in the image is created through the light falling on the
white captors and the black man positioned

Everyone has their own understanding of what slavery is, but there are misconceptions about the
history of "slavery". Not many people understand how the slave trade initially began. Originally
Africa had "slaves" but they were servants or serfs, sometimes these people could be part of the
master's family. They could own land, rise to positions of power, and even purchase their freedom.
This changed when white captains came to Africa and offered weapons, rum, and manufactured
goods for people. African kings and merchants gave away the criminals, debtors, and prisoner from
rival tribes. The demand for cheap labor was increasing, this resulted in the forced migration of over
ten million slaves. The Atlantic Slave Trade occurred from 1500 to 1880 CE. This large–scale event
changed the economy and histories of many places. The Atlantic Slave Trade held a great amount of
significance in the development of America. Africans shaped America by building a solid foundation
for the country.
The act of slavery was already happening in Africa prior to The Atlantic Slave Trade. The slave
trade provided no restrictions, this caused chaos in both Africa and America. Africans captured
slaves and as the demand grew getting slaves became a motivation for war. This lead to internal
conflict in Africa that can still be seen today. An article in The Abolition Project did a good job
summing up this statement, "Forms of slavery existed in Africa before Europeans arrived. Some

The Atlantic Slave Trade : The Impact Of The Atlantic...
When Columbus sailed to the what he thought was India, he would never know the full implications
of his "accident" that changed the world. Columbus's discovery of the Americas created a whole
new avenue for competing European states to jockey for world dominance, and most importantly,
for wealth. In order to gain the power that Spain, France, Britain, and Portugal so greatly desired, an
intercontinental trading network called the Atlantic Slave Trade was established. The need for cheap
labor and the desire for large profits brought slaves from Africa, to North/South America. Slavery
began to take a new shape, with a focus on plantation agriculture through a dehumanized class of
workers. During the Atlantic Slave Trade, slavery was primarily beneficial to European's. Not only
did the Atlantic Slave Trade supply European's with the resources (primarily crops) required to
assume a position of world dominance, slavery also benefited Europeans by providing the wealth
that was needed to compete with traditional Asian powers. However, slavery during the Atlantic
Slave Trade was detrimental to African's. They were ripped from their home lands, brought across
the Atlantic, and sold into a life of manual labor, and often abuse. Similar to how Columbus would
never know the full impact of his discoveries in 1492, Europeans during Atlantic Slave Trade would
never know just how much it would catapult the European continent into a position of power,
meanwhile having devastating effects on

The Slave Trade
Brutalization of the Slave Trade In the 1600s, slavery played a significant role in European history.
The negative aspects that made up the dark times in history are, mainly centered on the brutalizing
effects of the enslaved people, which can be best explained by the destroyed family bonds, history
of the enslaved people erased, and unjust treatment of the slaves. Olaudah Equiano, a former slave
and abolitionist, was born in 1745, part of the Igbo tribe. He served as a slave for many years all
over the world, until he bought out his freedom in 1767. After that, he pushed for the abolition of the
slave trade and civil rights until the end of his life. In Equiano's life, there were three ways a person
became a slave. Either by a tribe ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They shed no tears as the mothers wept in heartache that they could no longer embrace their
beautiful children. Consequently, as soon as the men and women became slaves, their traditions,
values, cultures, and identities vanished. Although, before Equiano involuntarily gave his life away,
he spoke of such dignity of his people, the Eboe. His brethren thrived harmony, compassion, and
loyalty. They were "a nation of dancers, musicians, and poets", and never ceased an opportunity to
celebrate a triumphed battle, marriage, or blessing of their Creator (Equiano, 34). Their dancing was
organized into four groups of people from the village, and individual group would "represent some
interesting scene of real life, such a great achievement, domestic employment, a pathetic story, or
some rural sport" (Equiano, 34). For that reason, provided more variety to the dances. In addition,
instruments were also used to give the ritual a new liveliness. For example, musical instruments like
drums, guitars, and xylophones were greatly played. All of the important and sacred values and
traditions of these people were obliterated when they became slaves. As soon as the stepped onto the
boats, they were immediately given a new identity, and told to forget their old one. Soon, over seven
million slaves would be taken across world, forced into intense labor until death. Seven million
identities would be erased, and leaving behind countless traditions,

The Trade Of The Atlantic Slave Trade
Peter Banyai
Historiographical Paper
Professor Hoag
12.2.2014
The Atlantic Slave Trade took place from the 16th century to the 19th century. Most of the slaves
were taken from West Africa, but the trade also affected other parts of the continent. By the end of
the trade, it became the biggest human migration to date. Generally, we know a lot about the effects
slavery had in the New World, but we have less information on how the slave trade affected African
societies. Although there were no scholars which contested the harm the slave trade caused,
however, there is still debate over the effect of the trade within African societies. The debate over
the impact on demography and economy still exist today. However, in this paper it is argued, mainly
due to the growing contributions from African scholars and economists, that today historians are
reaching a consensus that the slave trade caused long term effects on the demography, social
structure and economy of African societies. In this paper, I will focus on how the trade impacted
African communities in regards to demography, social structure, and economy, and I will
demonstrate how the historiography in regards to these aspects has evolved to its present form.
Demographic of the Slave Trade
Before historians could really understand the impact of the trans–Atlantic they had to have a
synthetized study on the demography of the trade concerning several questions; 1) how many slaves
were there? 2) Where they came from? 3) And to

African Slaves And The Slave Trade
At the beginning of the fifteenth century the Atlantic slave trade was at its peak. Many believe that
only Europeans benefited from having Africans as slaves, but they are wrong. Africans of different
tribes would destroy settlements, capture the villagers, and sell them at the market as they were a
baked good at a farmer's market in today's society. Europeans and Africans both played a major role
in the slave trade and are both to blame for the capturing and selling of African slaves. African's
played a much bigger role in the Atlantic Slave trade than the ones being enslaved. King Affonso I
was an African King who worked hand–in–hand with the Europeans during the slave trade. He
thought since his slaves were either criminals or Prisoners of War it was ok to have them as slaves.
When Affonso wanted to quit being part of the slave trade his reign as King began to fall, "Kongo
was in disarray and the authority of its ruler greatly undermined" (Stroyer, 706). Affonso started
losing control when he could no longer decide what to trade and when to trade with Portugal.
Portugal took full advantage of this fall of power and traded as they pleased. Even though King
Affonso wanted to stop the slave trade he is still at fault. Almost going forty years with capturing,
buying, and selling Africans, wanting to stop wasn't going to erase what he had done in the past.
King Affonso was just one example of an African working with Europeans to make money for his
kingdom. Another example of

Slave Trade In The Transatlantic Trade
At the time of the Triangular trade, Britain had enhanced its interests in the Americas, and the
number of African slaves was beginning to grow. This growing interest led to the Trans–Atlantic
business, in the 16th century (Radburn, 2015). The south Atlantic together with the Caribbean
regions were in great need of labor to be able to produce commodity crops and making clothes and
other goods which they would be sold back to Europe. The demand for slaves in these regions saw
the Portuguese complete the first Trans–Atlantic slave voyage to Brazil by the year 1526. Other
European countries soon followed. They joined the Portuguese in establishing slave posts and ports
where captured slaves were kept waiting to be shipped overseas. Portugal required laborers to work
on their sugar plantations in their new colony in Brazil. Subsequently, there was a need for
additional labor in these new territories. Paid laborers were very expensive to pay for, thus this
makes African slaves as the only solution to develop these new colonies with their free labor. The
first shipment containing African slaves to the Americas sailed across the Atlantic Ocean was in
early 1500, dominated by the Europeans, (mainly the Portuguese), the Arabs and African merchants.
In the 17th century, European countries were vying with each other's to create colonies overseas.
Trans–Atlantic trade brought in more competitors in slave trade like the Dutch, French, and
Englishmen after the Portuguese were

A Slave During The Slave Trade
In the course of humanity, there have been times in which people will look upon one another with
nothing but disgust and indifference. While it is becoming less of a situation as time progresses and
ideals change, there was much controversy back when trading one another was legal. Abraham
Lincoln once said in his novel entitled Complete Works – Volume XII, "Those who deny freedom to
others, deserve it not for themselves (Chandler)." However, the question must be begged: what is
slavery, and how much do people really know about some of the tragic stories that occurred during
that time period? Olaudah Equiano was a slave during the slave trade who wrote an autobiography
about his experiences with said topic. After being enslaved for ten years, he finally could afford to
buy his freedom and become an anti–slavery activist. His text explains his trek across oceans in a
ship with awful living conditions. In the text, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah
Equiano, by Olaudah Equiano, the reader can learn about the conditions aboard the ships, the cruelty
of the sailors and the aftermath of the Atlantic Slave Trade.
To begin, Equiano speaks about the repulsive circumstances he experiences whilst on the ship.
Being a miniscule boat, there should be no way that a surplus of slaves could fit...or it there? The
Atlantic Slave Trade was famous for the awful living conditions the Africans faced while on the boat
for as long as they were. Olaudah explains how, "The

History Of The Slave Trade
The Slave Trade gave power to many and found support from influential people, leaving those who
did oppose the immorality of the operations terrified of the repercussions of speaking out against it.
Lives were shaped by the slave trade; countless groups of people were growing prosperous and
powerful (14). "At the top [there was] a small, high, and mighty Atlantic ruling class of merchants,
planters, and political leaders, who, in ruffles and finery, sat in the American Continental Congress
and British Parliament" (14). Likewise, selling, transporting, and using of slaves had become
lucrative operations and were heavily protected by this ruling class. One such example is found
when a pirate by the name of Bartholomew Roberts terrorized slave

Slave Trade Slavery
The Atlantic Slave trade impacted everyone; whether they were on the good end of the stick or bad.
Everyone knows that the slaves were treated very poorly, it is a required subject in every high
school. Although, it was not only men who were impacted, women were involved just as much as
the men, whether it was good or bad. Just like every other person in Africa at this time, women were
highly impacted. A few examples of how the women were affected are: increased labor in Africa,
helped them accumulate wealth, and housing women into the royal palace. First, since the ratio of
women to men being in America were very unbalanced, the women had to pick up the life at home–
including labor. Before the slave trade began, women were to stay at home to clean and raise the
children while the men went out and worked. When the Atlantic Slave trade started and most of the
men were shipped off, women had to figure out life without their helping hand. They basically had
to take on two full time jobs, working to provide for their family and then going home to take care
of the children. However, when the trade of male slaves increased, the number of opposite sexs
decreased: making the life of a woman change in various ways. Not only were they sent off to West
Africa to be used as slaves, since most of the men were already overseas in the Americas. Not only
that, due to the fact most men were involved in the Atlantic Slave Trade, the men that were still at
home had the opportunity to marry more than one woman– and of course they took it. Thankfully,
this is one of the only negative impacts on African women.
Secondly, women became very wealthy during this time due to the smaller numbers of their gender.
Women had long been involved in politics and commerce in the region of Senegambia. African
women were marrying European traders. This impacted both male and females, making both of
them more wealthy. Since American fur–traders were big on trading with European merchants, this
helped both genders tremendously. These merchants became so wealthy, the women branched off
and started their own commerce and accumulating female slaves to work for them. Furthermore, this
highly impacted African females by allowing them to purchase

The Decline Of The Slave Trade
The lacking workforce and the profit Europeans knew that they would gain from slaves caused
African slaves to be traded. European empires desperately wanted power, and to gain power, they
needed money. At the time, they thought trading African slaves was the easiest way to gain money
and eventually reach their biggest goal, power. Power was the biggest goal for all empires. As a
result, this began the Atlantic slave trade. The Atlantic slave trade was the biggest deportation in
history. Often called the first system of globalization was the Atlantic slave trade. This well–known
system is associated with triangular trade. This was a three–leg voyage of trading between three
continents. First, the ships from Western Europe left and transported their goods to Africa. These
goods were weapons, gunpowder, rum, and other manufactured textiles. After arriving in Africa, the
goods were traded for slaves. These slaves included men, women, and children. They were taken
from their homes, striped of their belongings, and chained up. Then, they were ready to be sold.
Many tried to escape, but if they were captured they would be ferociously punished. The most
common punishment was whipping. These victims were severely whipped and in some occasions,
killed. On the second leg, the slaves crossed the Atlantic Ocean under the deck of the ships. These
horrific voyages could last anywhere from a few weeks to a few months. This is commonly called
the Middle Passage because it is the middle leg

The Slave Trade: The Influence Of The Slave Trade
Upon the discovery of new lands all over the world, the European countries sought after ways to
capitalize on the colonies and the indigenous people living in the newly conquered lands. The
earliest Atlantic slave trades are dated to the 15th century, when the first major European world
powers the Portuguese and Spanish empires who forcibly transported slaves from Africa to America
for cheaper and easier controllable labors1. The slave trade culminated during the 18th Century with
millions of Africans being shipped when the rest of the European naval powers such as Britain and
France invested in the slave trade.
This report will not only probe around the superficial things about the slave trade, such as which
reasons there were for the European countries to set up a slave trade that connects four different
continents or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The native Indians were considered as too fragile for the plantation work, as on the other hand the
Africans were preferred as the labor of choice because of several reasons. The enslaved Africans
could not only endure longer at the plantations, but was easier controllable because they had
nowhere to flee in the continent that they newly been placed in and the slaves also were more
immune to European diseases4.
The British economist Malachy Postlet hwayt emphasized with the importance of the slave trade in
1746. Writing about his view on the slaves and the impact the slave trade had on the British
economy, which also was summoned by many other at that time; "If we have no Negroes, we can
have no sugar, tobacco, rum etc. Consequently the public revenue, arising from the importation of
plantation produce, will be wiped out. And hundreds of thousands of Britons making goods for the
triangular trade will lose their jobs and go a begging"5.
The

The Slave Trade : The Demand Of Slaves
The slave trade experienced a massive change of trend with the change in the technology and the
prospect of higher profit from cotton and other crops in the new sates along the gulf coast. As the
wave of migrants and landowners increased in southern states like Louisiana, Mississippi and
Alabama, so did the demand of slaves. Although it was illegal to involve in the Atlantic slave trade
after 1808, nevertheless slave traders and masters found a profitable substitute through interstate
slave trade. As the value of slaves increase, so did the antislavery sentiments in Atlantic seaboard
sates. The domestic traders began transporting the slaves through southwestern Virginia to
Tennessee, then to Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. With the help of newspaper advertisement,
the finance from bank and the private investor, slave traders collected slaves from slave owners of
rural districts. Once the slaves were collected, they were carried to closest trading center and kept in
pens before transferring them to slave marts of Montgomery, Memphis and New Orleans. The slaves
were usually stuffed in ships and forced to walk most their journey. On top of physical toil of the
slavery, slaves also faced emotional challenges, since it was profitable to sell the each members of
slaves' family separately. Standing at the center of southern economy's production of cash crops and
other agricultural commodities, black people struggled daily to hold onto their families, their dignity
and

The Transatlantic Slave Trade
Transatlantic Slave Trade
From the seventeenth century on slaves became the focus of trade between Europe and Africa.
Europe's conquest and colonization of North and South America and the Caribbean islands from the
fifteenth century onward created an insatiable demand for African laborers, who were deemed more
fit to work in the tropical conditions of the New World. The amount of slaves took across the
Atlantic Ocean slowly grew, from around 5,000 slaves a year in the sixteenth century to more than
100,000 slaves a year by the eighteenth century.
"Changing political circumstances and trade alliances in Africa led to changes in the geographic
origins of slaves throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Slaves were generally the
unfortunate victims of territorial expansion by imperialist African states or of raids led by predatory
local strongmen, and various populations found themselves captured and sold as different regional
powers came to prominence." Weapons , which were very often exchanged for slaves, increased the
level of fighting by giving military strength to previously polities. "A nineteenth–century tobacco
pipe from the Democratic Republic of Congo or Angola demonstrates the degree to which warfare,
the slave trade, and elite arts were intertwined at this time." Also "The pipe itself was the prerogative
of wealthy and powerful individuals who could afford expensive imported tobacco, generally by
trading slaves, while the rifle form makes clear how such

Abolition of Slave Trade
The main reasons for the abolition of the slave trade
The trading and exportation of slaves has been a large part if Britain's history since the early 15th
century and the British Empire had been partly founded on the basis of exchanging slaves for goods
and foreign products. 400 years after the slave trade began and people were finally realising how
morally wrong the exchanging of humans actually was and on March 3, 1807, President Thomas
Jefferson signed into act a bill approved by Congress the day before "to prohibit the importation of
slaves into any port or place within the jurisdiction of the United States." Three weeks later, on the
25th, the British House of Lords passed an Act for the Abolition of The Slave Trade. But why was ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Wilberforce, over a period of years and amidst much opposition, fought to have slavery abolished by
presenting a number of bills to the British Parliament. He was a Member of the House of Commons
and Wilberforce was, as an MP, in a position to bring the matter before the House. Sir Charles
Middleton, Thomas Clarkson, William Pitt and William Grenville all gave Wilberforce impetus to
bring the Quakers and Anglicans together to campaign against the trade in slaves, focusing on the
trade rather than against slavery was felt an achievable step toward total abolition and, due to Britain
's naval pre–eminence would affect all slaving nations.
Print of the slave ship 'Brookes' printed by the Quaker printer James Phillips. Showing sections of
the ship and the inhumane way in which slaves were stowed
Print of the slave ship 'Brookes' printed by the Quaker printer James Phillips. Showing sections of
the ship and the inhumane way in which slaves were stowed
Religious factors also played a pivotal role in the abolition of the slave trade. Christian groups such
as the Quakers and Anglicans had been campaigning against slavery for a number of years. Before
the eighteenth century, very few white men questioned the morality of slavery. The Quakers and
Anglicans were among these few. The doctrines of their religion declared an issue such as slavery to
be unjust. By 1775, the Quakers founded the first American anti–slavery group. Through the 1700s,

The Atlantic Slave Trade was a very important time in history. When the records of the Atlantic
slave Trade are reflected upon ,the impacts of the shipboards revolts are often times overseen
.Although these revolts did have an immense effect on the political, views of the Slave trade.
Richardson's "shipboard revolts,African Authority,and the Atlantic slave trade". brings into view the
fluctuating causes and effects of shore based, and shipboard insurrection . Because of Richardson
occupation it grants him reliability to all of his claims and supports his opinions His profession of
studying economics and international ,offers him a profusion amount of education in the countries
which were involved in the Atlantic Slave Trade. Richardson expose the indispensable impacts of
shipboard revolts , African Leadership on the Atlantic slave trade, the author accomplishes this by
painting out the causes an effects of each specific revolt an also by exposing the progress.
The article was written to acknowledging the profuse factors & causes and that lead to these slave
revolts.To validate the author's argument he made use of different primary sources such as
newspapers journal entries and books, to support his argument and claims. Some primary sources
included are those such as "The New Account of some parts of Guinea ,Letters in West Africa and
the slave trade , And the Slave Trade, African slaves and the demography of the Caribbean to 1750"
(Richardson,2001,pg.69–74). Richards

The Destructiveness Of The Slave Trade
ATIENZA, Rizsa Mae 03 October 2015 Fall 2015 HIST 177 Primary Document Analysis The
Destructiveness of the Slave Trade Olaudah Equiano begins the narrative by describing his home.
He paints for his audience a charming, very fruitful picture of his province Essaka. It was a place
where all the neighborhood children would come together and play whilst their parents were away
laboring in the fields. He recalls being taught by his mother how to defend himself. They would
practice shooting and throwing javelins–all the ways of their greatest warriors. It was to his utter
dismay however; that he would never again be able to relive those moments, for he and his sister
had been captured. He stated that an end was put to his happiness the day they were kidnapped. He
goes on to speak of the days following the abduction, and how he and his sister tried to resist and
break free but to no avail. The little comfort they found was in each other, but it was not long before
they too were forced to separate. Olaudah's narrative shines light on the resistance of many African
captives while sharing his very own experience and the resentment he felt towards the hostile and
desensitizing slave trade. Early in the passage Olaudah makes a comparison of his people to the
Jews. He lists the similarities in their cultural practices, such as: circumcision, feasting, and the
naming of their children after special events or circumstances. His purpose in doing this was to
legitimize his people by

Slave Culture And The Slave Trade
Fashion, cotton, tourism, and textiles have all become so ingrained in Western culture that it is
difficult to imagine these commodities coming from anywhere else. Sugar production and the
distribution of it in European countries, however, came out of the slave trade. As a means to create a
common culture among a people ethnically different, African slaves in the United States re–engaged
in traditional musical styles and created some of their own in the process. In Europe, fashion was
not something to be concerned with in the middle class and below, but the rise in the demand of
Indian cotton textiles made the wearing of cottons like chintz to be accessible to the less wealthy.
Because the demand for coal grew and the ability to ship required the development of the steamship,
passenger lines, and what one would now call tourism, became another form of commodity chain.
Commodity chains have inspired and fostered the development of cultural production in both the
West and East. The slave trade is one such commodity chain that fostered the rise of a common
culture for the African slaves in the American South. However, before this could occur, the slave
trade had to have an effect on the architecture of ships in Europe in order for the slave trade to
function at all. The demand for people as a commodity required a vessel that would be optimized for
the task of transporting hundreds of bodies, plus the weight of the crew of this vessel, while also
having to account that these

Notes On The Slave Trade
Atlantic Slave Trade What is the slave trade? Well, I believe that the slave trade is when white
people of the Americas would take black people,and put them on ships, and then bring them over the
Atlantic ocean to the Americas to become slaves. This must have affected a lot of people during the
Atlantic Slave Trade. Well, it did. Most of the slaves received being branded on their shoulder,
breast or buttock. and many experienced getting their names changed so that is was almost
impossible for their family to trace them. I'm always wondering, why did the slave trade last so
long, and what values were found during the slave trade. Well, I believe the slave trade lasted so
long, because numerous people died of diseases, which caused a heavy demand for more slaves
every year. With the historical book, Roots, a primary sources, "Olaudah Equiano, and a secondary
source "The Cruelest Commerce" I will give evidence to back up my answers to the three questions,
what is the slave trade? How where humans affected by the slave trade, and why did the slave trade
last so long and what values were found in the slave trade? The slave trade was when captured
slaves, or people taken captive in wars, would be put on ships to be taken over the Atlantic Ocean to
the "New World" or as we know today as the Americas. Also, Brazil, which is a colony of Portugal,
received the largest amount of African slaves, so that is why their culture has various traits of
African culture today. According to

Slave Trade
In previous years, most Africans who have came to America were slaves who were purchased
through the international slave trade. White colonists viewed Africans as uncivilized and 'turned to
the international slave trade to fill their labor needs.' The white English settlers knew nothing of any
other culture; people were thought to be white or Christian, anything else was 'uncivilized'. Slavery
served for two purposes; a labor system and racial control in a white country.
The slave trade was important in building the colonial empires of European nations and in creating
the wealth that later produced the Industrial Revolution. Africans were being Europeanized and at
the same time European Americans were being Africanized. The slave trade ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
When the English slave trade was given to individual entrepreneurs, it grew greatly.
Most slaves that came to English North America were from West Africa and most were still
enslaved in Angola. Slave activities in these areas were responsible for the population decrease.
Once slaves were captured, they would march to the sea in lines, like a train of people fastened
together. Men, women, children marched for weeks; some even attempted to commit suicide or die
of hunger and exhaustion. When they arrived to their destinations, they were placed in prison until it
was time to be inspected. The 'good' slaves were separated from the ones who were imperfect; those
rejected were called Mackrons. This type of treatment was necessary because it's the process at
which the slaves are selected and bargained for. The psychological process attempted to take away
their self–respect and the identities of the slaves. After a purchase was made, the slave would be
marked with a hot iron signifying the company whom purchased him or her, whether the Spanish,
English, French, Dutch, or Portugese. They would return to their area until a cargo would arrive.
Some slaves would arrive in canoes to the ships in the harbors. Most slaves would drown
themselves. The stay on the ship was brutal, if a slave would get sick on the voyage; they would be
thrown off the

The Slavery Of The Slave Trade
Africa's has obtained a poor representation of its deep past, during the past couple of weeks we have
watched, read and researched information on this topic. Africa has been known to be backwards,
poor, and disconnected from the rest of the world. Which we have proven false throughout this
course, as a result, we will focus on five maps and a few readings that have proven Africa's deep
past has had inquired and false truths.
Overall, Africa earns very little recognition for its past, the past that has been hidden. Map 7 gives
you a few examples of how Atlantic slave trade came to be. What would be significant about it is
that the laws, and rules that existed for the slave trade, were slightly confusing. Example not
everyone knew or would ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As for our visual representation Adanggaman we are taken to the early 17th century where Ossei
and his village gets burn down by the African slavers. He had left his village when this incident
happened, to find his girlfriend and father dead, and his mother has been captured. Throughout the
movie we see the battle that Ossei goes through as he tries to help his mother from the slavers. Map
7 is the best represented map of Africa and the issues that faces it because, there are facts,
information, Yes this did happen and here is how it happened this map has the most evidence, that
this is true history.
As we go forth to map 1 diamonds map of "People of Africa" we identify that, this is not the best
representation of Africa's past. This is because you cannot truly determine where "White's, Black's,
Prymies, Khoisan, and Indonesians Blacks, or the majority of the population was located. According
to Diamond the Europeans needed a physical description of who occupied what area of Africa due to
the fact that the majority of Africa's population would be "black". What does Diamond even mean
by "black" and also you cannot have geographical representation of Africa diving it into five groups
due to the fact that the majority of trade would be done on the coast. He also says that the whites and
blacks were divided in Africa but how could that be? During the time of A.D. 1400 Diamond argues
that the five divisions of Africa, according to this Map

The Emancipation Of Slave Trade
Yi Zhong
Instructor 's Name
Course Title
June 6 2016
The emancipation of slave trade in Britain
Introduction
Within two decades, Britain had made decisive actions to abolish the transatlantic slave trade, and
this made the emancipation of trade emerge as one of the most significant reform movements that
took place in the 18th and 19th centuries. In July 1833, the British parliament abolished slave
buying and selling through the passing of a Bill in the House of Commons and then in the House of
Lords which abolished slave trade all through the British Empire. How this came into place has been
largely debated and yet slave trade provided the British nation with money, employment, and
luxurious commodities enriching the country. Interpretations of the British slave trade tends to be
explained by the humanitarian or moral movements where emancipation campaigns were made by
religious groups (Porter, 43). Another famous interpretation and which makes the focus of this paper
is that emancipation of the slave trade was due to changes in economic interests. This paper argues
that the emancipation of slave trade in British land and also on the colonial territories coincided with
the periods of economic decline in the British Caribbean, and so emancipationist ideas came due to
the growth of free–labor ideologies and the factory system.
The paper is going to argue this is basing on three texts; one is The Emancipation of Slavery: The
British Debate by Révauger Cécile focusing on the

The European Slave Trade
Europeans were looking for a way to trade with china. During this time they managed to stumble
across the americas. At first, europeans just used the americas for its resources. Later they realized
they could take the land. After settling in the americas europeans needed slaves for many reasons.
Portugal started the atlantic slave trade by shipping african slaves from their trading post in Africa.
The Atlantic slave trade had many causes and effects during the Atlantic world which ends up
changing the new world and the way it develops. Africans were chosen as slaves for the atlantic
slave trade. Europeans had easy access to these people. They went to leaders on the coast of Africa
and traded their trade goods for slaves in return. The leaders had often gotten slaves from villages
within africa. The Europeans then took the africans and shipped them across the Atlantic to the new
world. The slaves could not escape they were easily taken from their villages by their leaders. They
were shipped across the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They were used all across the americas. They had to work on plantations to make it possible to live
and fund the person living there. There was two ways slaves had to do labor: gang labor or the task
system. Gang labor was where slaves had to work whenever it was possible. Slaves who were in
gang labor were overworked and died way faster than any other labor. Europeans made gang labor
happen in places they knew they could make a profit in the time of the slaves lives. The other labor
practice was the task system. Slaves had to do a certain amount of tasks for the day to keep from
getting punished and if they managed to get it done they could do whatever they wanted in the
bounds of slavery. Europeans did this when they wanted the slaves to live longer and to last longer.
The slaves' lives were about working in the new world and they were separated from their rights,
family, and country with no way to get

The Transatlantic Slave Trade was an organization of capturing and selling African slaves. This took
place in the Atlantic Ocean from the 15th through the 19th century. Muslims constituted a
significant percentage of Africans that were brought to the Americas in servitude. Books such as
"Servant of Allah" and "The Prince Among Slave" describes and documented life of Muslim slaves
throughout the Transatlantic Slave Trade and also, show how Muslim slaves struggled , persisted,
and survived throughout early stages of slavery in America. The Muslim servants were the most
educated and resistant among slaves , they exerted a disproportionate influence on slave life in the
Americas. While many slave owners tried to strip many Muslim slaves of their culture, their way
prevailed and this helped them advance during the slave trade. Language, assimilation, and tenacity
are major factors that helped Muslim slaves in America, without these markers their success in the
new world would have not existed. The movie " Prince among Slaves" is centralized around the
theme that Muslim Africans persisted in the America and Caribbean's because of their educated
background, which allowed them to conform to American life, without losing their sense of home.
It has been well documented that Muslim slaves were systematically able to rise to high position due
to them learning new language and being well educated.In fact, when the Spanish brought the very
first Africans to the New World, they

Slave Trade Changes
Some changes in the slave trade however had a positive effect on prices and profits. From 1675 to
1807, there was rapid growth in the slave trade industry, as mortality rates fell with the improvement
of health standards, decreased length of voyages and a decrease in piracy (Eltis et al., 2010). This
leads us to conclude that profits increased throughout the slave trade; however, it is difficult to argue
this with certainty. The British efforts to abolish trade also contributed to profits of non–British
traders. Because of its abolition laws, Britain gave up its dominance in the slave trade and the
supply of goods, which in turn increased American, French, Spanish, Portuguese traders' share of
the market (Kauffmann & Pope, 1999). While extremely ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
As lots grew, traders hired handlers to help manage the slaves. This created opportunities for new
jobs, as well as inspired early developments to improve production. Moving forward, we see the
development in parts of Africa of business plans and strategies, as entrepreneurs adapted their
practices, and internalized risks and costs of maintaining slaves until the ship to the colonies
departed. These included purchasing slaves in small groups, increasing the frequency of the
purchases as the departure date approached, improving health standards, and purchasing food locally
to feed the slaves. This stage of the trade was important for the growth of many small businesses and
provided opportunities to connect local Africans to the global economy and international trade. The
ease of entry into the trade meant that any person could start capturing and selling slaves, while
concurrently establishing a competitive market for both the slave trade, and associated businesses.
The introduction of slave traders created a demand for renting holding houses, and purchasing cheap
clothing and local foods to name a few. While this event was a moral tragedy, it did have many
economic

The two majors drivers that led to the transatlantic slave trade was the European desire for the
agricultural products of the Americas and the need for laborers to work the land in the Americas. All
participants, besides for the slaves, benefited from the trading.
The transatlantic slave trade, or the triangular slave trade, was a trade route between Europe, Africa,
and the Americas. The English desire for raw goods and agricultural materials was a result of their
strong economic policy of mercantilism. In 1650, the British pursued the policy of mercantilism in
international trade. Mercantilism is the idea, that in order to strengthen economically strength, a
nation must export more than import. To achieve this balance, the regulatory laws were passed. The
regulatory laws created a system whereby Americans would provide raw materials to Britain, and
Britain then produced manufactured goods that were sold in European markets and in the colonies.
Between 1651 and 1673, four Navigation Acts were passed. The Navigation Acts stated that only
English ships could carry items between imperial ports. Also, goods like rice, furs, and tobacco,
could not be shipped to other nations except through Scotland or England. A third rule was that the
Americans who produced raw goods would be paid bounties. However, protectionist tariffs were
raised on these goods produced in other places. Finally, Americans were not allowed to compete
with English manufacturers. Mercantilism was the English

Existing from 16th to the 19th centuries.
The atlantic slave trade also known as the Transatlantic slave trade involved the transportation by
slave traders of enslaved african people, mainly from africa to the americas,and then their sale there.
The slave trade used mainly the triangular trade route and its Middle Passage. existed from 16th to
the 19th centuries.The development of colonies created by European countries is one of the main
causes of the trade. There was a demand for many labourers for the sugar, tobacco, and cotton
plantations in America.The reason why they didn't just hire people , is because paid labor was too
expensive, and indigenous people had been largely wiped out by disease and conflict, for this reason
the colonies turned to Africa to provide cheap labour in the form of slaves.
The first shipment of slaves was from West Africa to the Americas,across the Atlantic ocean, this
took place in the early 1500s.Slaves were now being sold by European, Arab, and African
merchants. While Europeans purchased large numbers of Africans, and sent them far away to work
in colonies they aren't the only responsible ones for the slave trade. Africans were not strangers to
the slave trade or to keeping of slaves.Africans bear some responsibility themselves, some African
societies had their own slaves long before trade. The Africans cooperated with Europeans to sell
other Africans into slavery, Europeans relied on African merchants as well as soldiers and rulers to
get

Atlantic Slave Trade
The origins of the Atlantic Slave Trade were products of Western Europe's expansion of power that
began at the beginning of the 1500's through the 1900's. The main contributing European countries
to the Atlantic Slave Trade were Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, France, and England. Portugal
lead the movement during the 1400's and arrived in Western Africa in hopes to find Christian allies
to spread Christianity against the Muslims of Northern Africa. But they soon became more
interested in trade (Hine, Hine & Harrold, 2011). Slavery, however, has existed in all cultures for
thousands of years. For example, Arab merchants and West African Kings imported white European
slaves. At first, the slave trade focused on women and children who ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Many times, especially during storms, the slavers neglected to feed the slaves or change the tubs and
buckets used for toilets, as well removing dead bodies (Hine, Hine & Harrold, 2011). Sanitation was
also a major contributor to death and disease. Only about three or four toilet tubs were provided for
all of the slaves. Mortality rates were exceptionally high on the ships, averaging around 15%.
Overall, about one third of all slaves died during the whole process of moving them from Africa to
the Americas. The main causes of mortality on the ships were diseases such as small pox, malaria,
dysentery, yellow fever and measles (Hine, Hine & Harrold, 2011).
There was however still rebellions from the captive slaves aboard the ships. Rebellions usually
occurred when the ship was getting ready to set sail or when they ships were still within sight of the
Africa land mass, when there was still hope for the slaves to return home. Often times slaves would
actually starve themselves intentionally or try to jump off the ship to drown. But to combat this, the
slavers would sometimes put nets on the side of the ship to stop jumpers and to deal with those who
would refuse to eat, the slavers would use hot coals to force individual's mouths open to eat (Hine,
Hine & Harrold, 2011). The women aboard the slave ships were treated very badly as well. They
were often raped and sexually abused. Many times, all of the women were kept in separate rooms to
make it easier for

The Slavery Of The Slave Trade
Religious institutions have played a prominent role in the history of American culture, and
legislation. These institutions were especially impactful during the start of American colonization.
Colonization caused the aggregated need for mass amounts of workers for cultivation infrastructure.
For this reason, American settlers began the transatlantic slave trade trade. Christianity played an
important role in advocating for the morality of the slave trade (Richard). In order to drive the slave
industry, pastors across America used the traditions and stories found in the Bible to endorse and
even encourage the practice of slavery. At this time, America was seeing ever dividing sects of
protestantism. There were countless institutions ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the most heartbreaking quotes from Adeline Cunningham represents the severely oppressive
relationship between the slave owner and the slave. She states "...we never goes to church. Times we
sneaks in de woods and prays de Lawd to make us free and times one of de slaves got happy and
made a noise dat dey heered at de big house and den de overseer come and whip us 'cause we prayed
de Lawd to set us free" (Federal Writers Project). Adeline's experience was not a unique story. There
are countless narratives of slave owners who were afraid of their slaves becoming intellectually
liberated. Slave owners feared the day that their slaves acted upon their intelligence and will for
freedom. A quote from Leah Garret characterizes a contrasting relationship between slaves and
Christianity. She states that, "De slaves went to church wid dey marsters. De preachers always
preached to de white folks first, den dey would preach to de slaves. Dey never said nothin' but you
must be good, don't steal, don't talk back at your marsters, don't run away, don't do dis, and don't do
dat. Dey let de colored preachers preach but dey give 'em almanacs to preach out of. Dey didn't 'low
us to sing such songs as "We Shall Be Free" and "O For a Thousand Tongues to Sing." Hey always
had somebody to follow de slaves to church when de colored preacher was preachin' to hear what
wuz said and done. Dey wuz 'fraid us would try to say something 'gainst 'em" (Federal Writers
Project). This

The Importance Of The Slave Trade

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