Preventing Recidivism Through Correctional Programs

Prevention Of Recidivism Programs
Since crime in America is at an all–time high, the correctional system should utilize funding received to implement the use of more programs like the
R–N–R (Risk, Needs, Responsivity) program methods in more Correctional facilities to reduce crime, address specific needs of mid and high–risk
offenders, and the reduction of recidivism rates.
According to the NIJ, National Institute of Justice, recidivism is defined as: "A person's relapse into Criminal Behavior, often after the person
receives sanctions or undergoes intervention for previous crimes. A study of 30 states shows that 67.8% of approximately 404,638 state prisoners that
were released in 2005 were re–arrested within five–years." (NIJ,2014 June) Prevention of relapse into criminal behaviors should be a top priority for
Correctional facilities. There are programs that when implemented correctly, have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Appropriate allocation of funds that our jails and prison systems receive is essential in the reduction of recidivism
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Criminal Recidivism Research
This study makes use of data and statistics to discuss on the topic of criminal recidivism. It shows issues such as the overcrowding inside prisons, the
lack of funding to correctional programs, and a few others factors that lead a criminal behavior.
Lori began her study by demonstrating in first place that the American has the highest incarceration rate, in second place the overcrowding in the
consequence of a mass incarceration, the lack of funding, and social factors such as economic, race, gender, and employment that can lead a criminal
behavior or effect the recidivism.
Lori purposes that it is essential to have an effective correctional program to reduce the rate of recidivism. This include more funding in educational
programs inside

Summary Of Reducing Recidivism
Keionna Harmon
Intro to Corrections
CRJ 1363
15 October 2015
Mrs. Jo Anne Daniels
"Can Corrections Heal?"
Reducing Recidivism and Increasing Public Safety in Virginia
Written By: Scott Richeson
Summary Article One
In 2010, the Virginia Department of Corrections (VDOC) began thoroughly investigating its security measures, programs, human resources and their
combined effort in reducing recidivism. VDOC started to look within the system, and try to make changes internally, wanting to reconstruct the entire
system, making it the main focus of VDOC. Starting with the Article of Robert Martinson's 1974 article, "What works? Questions and Answers about
prison reform", also known as the "nothing works" which was embedded in any corrections ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
prison system, psychologists had little hard data to contribute, but in the last few years the importance of child abuse, poverty, early exposure to
substance abuse and other risk factors for criminal behavior. The findings suggest that individual–centered approaches to crime prevention need to be
complemented by community–based approaches with programs provided. Researchers have also found that the pessimistic "nothing works" attitude
toward rehabilitation that helped justify punitive prison policies in the 1970s was overstated. When properly implemented, work programs, education
and psychotherapy can ease prisoners' transitions to the free world. Finally, researchers have demonstrated the power of the prison environment to
shape behavior, often to the detriment of both prisoners and prison workers. The Stanford Prison Experiment, which Haney co–authored in 1973 with
Stanford University psychologist and APA Past–president Philip G. Zimbardo, PhD, is one example. It showed that psychologically healthy
individuals could become sadistic or depressed when placed in a prison–like

Odrc Recidivism
According to Jones, the most challenging aspect of ODRC's goal of reducing recidivism is employment of individuals once they are released from their
institution back into the community. This relates back to the views of the community in that, much of society does not want to associate with
ex–offenders. This includes within employment. Individuals who have been incarcerated have a much harder time finding employment than do most
others due to their record. However, according to Jones, ODRC is combating this by creating connections with area employers who are willing to
employ ex–offenders. Connections such as these, along with other connections with churches and reentry coalitions, are extremely useful for ODRC
and a crucial contributor to its efforts. They assist in providing support and care for individuals reentering the community. Another aspect that was
mentioned by Jones as a challenge to the mission of ODRC is the overall negative environment. As he mentioned, for much of his time with ODRC, he
worked in the institutions with the offenders during their incarceration time. As one can imagine, these are not, generally, positive environments. This
negative environment within prisons is a hinderance to the goal of ODRC. This is combatted by programs ODRC employs within the walls, such as...
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However, there is still a long way to go in terms of progress. The programs it implements with involved individuals go through changes as what works
and what does not work comes to light. Not only does the department have further improvements to make, but the community, itself, must make
changes too in order to assist ODRC in its mission. For, this mission cannot be accomplished without the cooperation of the community. These changes,
although easily mentioned here, are not easy to

Rehabilitation And Recidivism
According to the US Bureau of Justice Statistics, there are over 2.2 million people incarcerated in the United States and about 4 million on parole.
Prisoners in the United States face tests upon parole that present challenges that non–incarcerated persons would not understand, reformation while in
punitive society can be difficult if not handled correctly. While research has shown that rehabilitation programs have a small effect onrecidivism, public
support for these programs remain high as long as it works (3). Locking prisoners up and "throwing away the key" approach is expensive and limited
because most offenders will someday return to the public population (3). According to Webster, rehabilitation is defined as "the process of restoring an
individual to a useful and constructive place in society especially through some form of vocational, correctional, or therapeutic retraining." In 1986,
62% of the participants on parole or probation were rearrested for another felony or violated their terms within a three–year period (4). This is troubling
since the population of incarcerated or the supervised released increased nearly 800% from 1971–1991 (4). The public favors a balanced approach to
rehabilitating these offenders (3). Rehabilitation is not for every offender though. Low risk offenders of non–violent crimes usually already have the
building block to be successful in society. High–risk violent crime offenders are the main target for rehabilitation. The public has

Education And Recidivism Essay
Though there is evidence that educational programs are needed to help in reducing crime, politicians and policy makers have not really understood this
finding and thereby support the programs they assume are better suited at deterring criminals. Thus, they directed funding from educational programs
to other areas, such as in security and anger management or drug treatment (Batiuk et al 2005). Furthermore, studies have shown that those inmates that
are released from prison, about two thirds of them end up being re–incarcerated within three years of their release (Klein et al 2004). As a result, when
these policy makers ignore empirical research and findings and set up own policies, they are setting up the offenders for failure and anyone else
affected by the policies, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However most of the research did in fact have controls for some of these risk factors indicated above, thereby reducing structural inequalities that may
be there in crime occurrence (Lori 2015). If there is no control on these risk factors, it can be said that there is a correlation but no causation between
correctional education and recidivism, which is what most policymakers argue (Lori 2015). Public opinion also has a big impact on political will
and what policies will be implemented and how. Thus, empirical research is more or less useless as it is hard to influence public opinion just by
data (Latessa 2004). This can be seen historically, asin 1994, a law was signed in US called the "Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act
(VCCLEA)" which was the one of the main reasons of budget cuts of towards correctional education. VCCLEA allowed funding from the education
programs to be used in other departments (Brazell 2009) and thus slowly correctional education programs were dying

Factors That Affect The Process Of Recidivism
Several significant problems affect the success or failure of ex–offenders reentry back into society. Overcrowding of prison populations and the high
recidivism rates have created a cycle of incarceration for ex–offenders as they come and go through correctional systems. Each year, more than
600,000 ex–offenders are released back into communities nationwide from state and federal prisons (Petersilia, 2003). It is estimated that nearly 95%
of state ex–offenders will be released from prison into communities where they often find it difficult to obtain employment due to criminal records,
limited education, and minimal vocational skills (Holzer, Raphael, & Stoll, 2003).
The process of prisoner reentry will be examined along with the policies surrounding the Indiana Reentry Facility, the traits of the Indiana Reentry
Facility inmates, environmental factors that caused prisoners to return, and the financial situation of the communities where the highest number of
returning prisoners occurs, in order to determine if the Indiana Reentry Facility actually reduces recidivism. Past studies have shown that is suggested
that roughly 70 percent of prison inmates released are re–arrested within the first three years post–release and almost 50 percent are ultimately returned
back to prison. Still, most of the research now focuses only on recidivism and ignores that recidivism is currently affected by post prison reintegration
and adjustment back into the community. Shortage of ongoing

Goal Of Reducing Recidivism
As a future therapist, I have a goal of opening a non–profit community based program focused on reducing the recidivism rate in San Diego,
California, and rehabilitating nonviolent male offenders. Once these individuals are released from jail, many of them have a difficult time assimilating
successfully back into society. Often, they have limited resources, job skills, housing, or money. There is a stigma associated with jail andprison. With
nowhere to turn and often very few resources these individuals end up reverting back to the life of crime. For many of them, they are out of options and
resources. The purpose of this primary intervention program is to develop a program that will assist the men with resources with a goal of helping them

Recidivism And Rehabilitation
Alexander Shtindler
9 Blue Bird Lane
Marlboro Township, NJ 07751
October 14, 2016
Heather Bowlds
Deputy Director of Operations and Programs in the CDCR (California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation)
CDCR Headquarters
P O Box 4038, Suite 350
Sacramento, CA 95812–4038
Re: Proposing further research into the effectiveness of different types of prison system around the world in order to make prisons in California more
rehabilitating
Dear Mrs. Bowlds,
While investigating the correlation between the way in which the United States prison system treats its prisoners, and the amount of people who return
to prison after release, it became apparent to me that there must be better ways to punish people for the crime they committed while ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The report also sheds light on some factors that affect recidivism including the fact that 73% of the recidivists committed a new crime or violated
parole within the first year of their release from prison. Such high prison recidivism rates represent a complete failure of the prison system to achieve
its supposed goals of deterrence and rehabilitation. I believe that it is possible to improve the state prisons in California, in an effort to lower
recidivism rates by researching different prison systems all around the world and making calculated adjustments accordingly. One country in particular
that has a prison system vastly different from that of the United States is Germany. In German prisons, the men serving time wore their own clothes,
not prison uniforms. Each cell was bright with natural light, decorated with personalized items such as wall hangings, plants, family photos and
colorful linens brought from home. Each cell also had its own bathroom separate from the sleeping area and a phone to call home with. With proper

research it may become

Prison Recidivism Essay
Prisons have been in the news recently focusing on issues such as mass incarceration and rioting. Many politicians have called for the use of
super–prisons in order to accommodate the drastically increasing inmate population. Some individuals, however, have advocated for the development
of stronger rehabilitation and reform programs. The purpose of these programs is to prevent recidivism and to help reintegrate an offender back into
society. Education is a prime factor in which these ideas can be achieved. One overlooked educational institution is the prison library where inmates can
keep themselves occupied while locked away. Prison libraries are a useful and necessary investment in educating and rehabilitating offenders to avoid
recidivism and to lower growing incarceration rates.
Libraries that are available to inmates can boost their literacy rate and as a result, it can help make getting a job easier. In the England and Wales, the
prison population is around 85,000 and around "three quarters cannot read, write, or count to the standard expected of an eleven year old" (May,
2014). Many jobs require literacy beyond that making it difficult for those to find work once out of prison. The ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A prison library can be looked at as an institution targeted towards those who have already committed crimes. Inmates who have access to libraries
have the resources to improve their education and consequently, will be less likely to commit a crime in the future. Libraries do not act as a for profit
institution which is one of the main causes as to why they are massively underfunded. Although, libraries can prove to be economically beneficial in
the long term because it provides an educational solution in which recidivism can be prevented. It requires a lot of money to incarcerate an individual
and a decreasing prison population will be cost

The Pros And Methods Of Recidivism
As a nation that constantly strives to progress, there is a consensus that those who commit unlawful behavior should be sent to correctional institutions,
yet the United States government fails to question whether their traditional prison system legitimately works. One method scholars utilize to measure a
nation's public safety and criminal justice effectiveness is by analyzing the recidivism rate, which is defined by the National Institute of Justice as the
number of released inmates that return to crime within three years. According to sociologist Victor L Shammas, for every 100,000 people in the
United States, there are 707 incarcerated, with over 75% released relapsing back into crime. The way minor criminals are stripped of opportunities
within society following their release turns them to harder crime, which transforms into a viscous cycle. It appears that Norway has found the correct
formula for breaking this cycle, a nation in which for every 100,000 people, only 75 are imprisoned, and only 20% released relapse into crime. The
2016 Legatum Prosperity Index rated Norway as the sixth safest country globally, and the United States as the fifty–second, clearly demonstrating that
the United States government needs to reform its prison policy. Norway's method of imprisoning a significant portion of offenders into minimum
security prisons decreases the crime rate through implementation of educational and occupational rehabilitation programs and quality healthcare during

Pros And Cons Of Recidivism Rates
As of the end of 2015, there were 1,526,800 prisoners in the United States being held in state or federal correctional facilities. Every year, thousands
of people are released from jail or prison. Most people who are incarcerated today will eventually be released. Most of these individuals return to a life
of freedom without the skills they need to survive. Recidivism rates suggest that many of these individuals will re–offend within six months of release,
and most will reoffend within three years. This is not because they're bad people; it's because they are trying to thrive in a system that sets them up to
fail.
Given grim post–release arrest rates, it's hard to understand why our government is not doing more to help those transitioning from incarceration to
life on the outside. It doesn't make sense for taxpayer dollars to go towards incarcerating people over and over – it seems that the money could be
better spent improving rehabilitation programs for inmates. Increased funding for programs aimed at helping former inmates transition to life on the
outside would likely lead to better outcomes for those individuals, fewer crimes being committed, and lower recidivism rates. One would hope that our
society would want to see people who are incarcerated serve their time, get rehabilitated, get released, and become productive members of their
communities.
It is well–known that former inmates face significant challenges upon being released. Some of these challenges include

The Role Of Recidivism In Prisons
Routinely in the news are stories of ex–convicts being arrested again, and sometimes for even more serious crimes than they had been convicted for.
Currently he overall recidivism rate for Oklahoma Department of Corrections (ODOC) stands at 21 % (Oklahoma Department of Corrections, 2014).
The recidivism rate is calculated on the number of Oklahoma Inmates that reenter the corrections department within three years of release. Faith based
programs ministering within the prison walls, and partnering with local churches to aid the convicted with reentry do make a difference (Dodson,
Cabage, & Klenowski, 2011). The desired effect is not only a change in the life of the offender, but for their children, and in turn can reducecrime in the
community.
Indeed the overall recidivism rate is 21%, however the rate for offenders twenty–five and younger when convicted is nearly one in three. Likewise,
nationwide one in three inmates participate in some religious program during incarceration (Dammer, 2002). Studies have shown that inmates that are
very active in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By providing reentry assistance, churches can not only assist adults recovering from a criminal lifestyle, but help prevent their children from walking
the same path. The children of convicted criminals are at an increased risk of being convicted of a crime in their lifetime (Gatescambridge, 2012). On
the other hand, children raised in a faith based community have a reduced risk of being convicted of a crime (Dodson, Cabage, & Klenowski, 2011,
p.371). By providing a community of support toward a new life for former inmates, the church may also be providing a new future for their children.
With so many parents behind bars, many foster children are the children of inmates. Churches providing assistance with housing, job opportunities, and
personal growth stand to help these kids have healthy childhoods with their

Cycle Of Recidivism Essay
A long–term study conducted by Bureau of Justice Statistics found that the average five–year recidivism rates of 404,638 prisoners released in 2005 is
76.6% among thirty states in America (Matthew, Alexia, & Howard, 2014, p. 1). In other words, most of the released prisoners did not escape the
cycle of recidivism and were sent back to the prison after time. This indicates that the present American justice system, which focuses on punishment
as Benson (2003) noted, fails to rehabilitate prisoners efficiently and is far from achieving the goal of reducing crime rates (p. 46). What is more, the
recidivism of prisoners is becoming a great plague of society, because it not only imposes a threat to public safety but also places an enormous ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although details of Sycamore Tree projects running in different countries, such as length of the project, are slightly different, they all aim at
helping offenders realize the impact of crime and making them become more responsible (Marshall, 2005, p. 2; Feasey & Williams, 2009, p. 3;
Bakker, n.d., p. 3). It is a creative project. In daily life, victims and offenders seldom meet each other after the court. However, this project provides a
platform for victims and offenders to communicate, to find out the distress others have experienced and to learn how to lead a better life together.
Thus, it may be a promising way to reduce re–offending rates.
This project was evaluated to be effective in raising the average level of victim empathy and lowering the average level of anticipation of
re–offending. However, it is not working for all offenders, and it may increase the level of shame, which can lead to re–offending. Evaluations of
Sycamore Tree projects running in the United Kingdom and New Zealand revealed that offenders had lower anticipation of re–offending and higher
victim awareness after Sycamore Tree projects (Feasey & Williams, 2009, p. 17; Bakker, n.d., pp. 7–8). Although no research has been done to show
the direct impact of Sycamore Tree project on re–offending rates, Pithers (1999) found that a high level of victim empathy

Why Recidivism Is So Common?
his paper examines multiple factors that help determine reasons for why there is such a great amount of people relapsing back into criminal behavior
once released, which only leads them into a federal or state prison. Recidivism can be perceived into different category's based upon the why factor.
Criminal acts that result in rearrests, and reconviction or return to prison with or without new a new sentence during a three–year period following the
prisoner's release is considered recidivism. There are many different reasons why a person goes back into prison once being released, whether by
choice or force or even just nature of habit. Many studies have been conducted to find a pattern or reason on why recidivism is so common. Available...
One of the most talked bout problems on the definition of recidivism is how unclear it can be. It has such a broad measure due to it not being
broken down to one topic (ex. just convictions, just arrests, or even more importantly just acknowledging the amount of returns to prison). The BJS
mentioned earlier (Bureau of Justice Statistics) studies the measures that the rate of recidivism by number of arrests, yet the one problem with it is
just because you're arrested doesn't mean you are found guilty. Professor Edward Latessa, director of the School of Criminal Justice at the University
of Cincinnati claims "If you define it as a return to prison and you follow for a year, you'll have a much lower rate,"
The Truth behind Recidivism – The Reasons for Recidivism
There is no single exact reason for the cause of recidivism and why prisoners return to a life of crime living with imprisonment, but some of the reasons
do include the following: lack of socialization, inability to reintegrate into society after returning from prison, antisocial attitudes, association with other
criminals, lack of support, substance abuse, neglect or abuse of parents of guardians.( http://study.com/academy/lesson
/recidivism–definition–causes–prevention.html). According to The Daily Beast "One of the biggest factors is age. The prison population is getting
older," (http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/04/22/america–s–recidivism–nightmare.html) In a recent

Pro Prison Recidivism
Recidivism is the act of re–incarceration for inmates upon release of prison or jail and return with a new conviction. One who partakes in recidivism
is referred to as a recidivist. "The Massachusetts Department of Correction (MA DOC) defines a recidivist as any criminally sentenced inmate
released to the street from MA DOC jurisdiction who is re– incarcerated in a Massachusetts state, county or a federal facility for a new criminal
sentence." (mass.gov). In FY 2014 it costs about $53,040.87 to house an inmate in Massachusetts and with an average of 10,000 inmates incarcerated
or in pre–release programs that's an astonishing $530,408,700 (a little over 1/2 billion dollars) of taxpayer dollars funding incarceration in
Massachusetts. Also, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These movements can be classified as a reform movement. Reform movements pursue changes that will implement the existing value scheme more
adequately. Reform because the pro prison reform initiatives aim at allocating funding from prisons and jails to education, rehabilitation, and job skill
programs that actually save the society billions of dollars a year and educate felons so they are most likely not to reoffend. Most of the recidivists are
of African American or Hispanic ethnic background and between the ages of 17–25 and lack education and or skills needed to meet our labor force.
With the cost of an average inmate at $53,000 in MA versus the $20,000 average cost of participating in rehab programs aimed at deterring criminally
aimed lives. The clash over resources and values is what struck this growing social change for recidivism. Resources being monetary factor in
incarceration and the value of prison. We incarcerate and place people in the same environment we are trying to release them from and they have no
institutional programs aimed at solving this issue of recidivism. The value as pointed out by the federal government is the notions that if the
government doesn't start hiring "felons" or ex–cons how do they suppose that others will take on the same practice. No one left behind is the model of
the USA and is the main reason that we cant outcast our felons. President Obama issued an executive order to combat this social problem
demanding that all federal agencies are prohibited of asking for ones criminal record before the offer of employment. Only when a job is offered, is
the time when a felon is supposed to disclose such information. This will lead us into a new era of reducing recidivism as a society and lower crime
rate in urban areas of the States. It is the role of the government to lead such initiatives so that other local and state governments take head and continue
to

The Benefits Of Recidivism
With the American prison population reaching an alarming high of over 2 million adults incarcerated in federal and state prisons, one must wonder
whether prison is creating a solution to crime or building upon a problem. As crime rates continue to trickle upwards, states are pushed against a wall
paying a hefty price to house criminals. Furthermore, there seems to be no overbearing improvement in the mental and social well–being of those
housed, as recidivism continues to grow as much as two thirds of released prisoners rearrested ("Recidivism"). While some believe in the power of
punishment in reducing crime, others offer a rehabilitative solution which would restore faith and humanity in the system for inmates. Author Stuart
Henry offers his argument that rehabilitation is the most proactive solution to decreasing imprisonment rates; alternatively, author Francis Murphy
claims that punishment is the most logical and practical solution to crime, instilling a sense of strict morality. Ellsworth Fersch's perspective aims to
value both rehabilitation and punishment as effective techniques to handle criminals; Graeme Wood proposes that instead of attempting to solve the
crime problem within prisons, technology should be utilized to save funds and restore humanity for criminals.
Stuart Henry deduces that ultimately, recidivism and imprisonment rates can only be reduced through the use of rehabilitative methods, and that
punishment has failed to discourage crime. He highlights

Recidivism Rates: The Benefits Of Rehabilitation
According to the studies doing by Bureau of Justice Statistics, 67.5% of prisoners released in 1994 were rearrested within 3 years in the United States.
This high recidivism rate clearly indicates that it is important to rehabilitate prisoners in an efficient way to prevent them committing a second–time
crime. Ignoring such a high recidivism rate, some people argue that they don't need a rehabilitation program since it costs too much. However, the
67.5% recidivism rate suggests that society necessarily needs to establish a complete rehabilitation program to solve this problem. Opponents of rehab
argue that building a rehabilitation program, comparing to the positive effects, is more irrational followed by plenty of problems. They assert that
rehab program costs too much money, which will decrease the budget in other aspects such as education and support for the poor. Also, they assert that
many prisoners with serious crime cannot be rehabilitated to prevent from a second–time crime for the reason that the bad habits they have already
developed cannot be corrected easily. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When prisoners get rehabilitated, there will be treatment but not punishment, which makes them feel like they are not "typical" criminals. They have
rights to acquire job training and education in prison, which convinces them they are not abandoned by society. For example, a Ugandan human rights
lawyer said prisoners who learn conflict resolution are less likely to repeat their crimes(). In addition, prisoners in Philippine said that they develop
confidence, feel useful by dancing, a subject of rehabilitation (Seno, 2008). They are proud of what they are doing, showing the world that they are able
to go back to society successfully. Thus, rehabilitating programs offer prisoners chances to change themselves mentally that ensures them not to commit

Rehabilitation and Recidivism
Unit 4 Project
Larinda K. Kimbrell
Kaplan University
CJ499–01P: Bachelors Capstone in Criminal Justice (P)
Barbara Mitchell
June 16, 2010
Abstract
Over many years there has been great debate about whether rehabilitation reduces the rate of recidivism in criminal offenders. There has been great
controversy over whether anything works to reduce recidivism and great hope that rehabilitation would offer a reduction in those rates. In this paper I
will introduce information and views on the reality of whether rehabilitation does indeed reduce recidivism. Proposed is a quasi–experiment, using a
group of offenders that received rehabilitation services and an ex post facto group that did not? I intend to prove that rehabilitation services do ... Show
Cullen & Gendreau (2000). Cullen and Gendreau (2000). give us some history on the restorative incarceration. The original theory of restorative
justice was based on simple human behavior regulated by incentive instead of punishment, which instituted the concept of parole as a means of reward
for a prisoner for rehabilitation. Further studies in criminology proved that this idea was too simplistic and married it to the positivist theory of
criminology and instituted individual assessment and treatment for each prisoner based on their specific needs for reformation.
As Rothman (1980) and many others have pointed out, this ideal system was never implemented as intended. Although the contours of the correctional
system changed–the juvenile court, indeterminate sentencing, probation, parole, and discretion became integral features of this system–the resources
and knowledge needed to provide effective treatment to offenders were in short supply. Cullen and Gendreau (2000).
Cullen and Gendreau compare and contrast the many studies on this subject, the meta–analyses conclusions, their strengths, weaknesses,
inconsistencies, and the trends that follow the studies of the time. They offer their insight on effective corrections and individualizing treatments based
on predictors for crime and behavioral knowledge, as well as conclude that recidivism is reduced by rehabilitation.
Solution
Cullen and Gendreau (2000). conclude that although rehabilitation

Recidivism Is The Act Of A Person
Recidivism is the act of a person repeating an undesirable behavior after they have experienced negative consequences. Recidivism refers to a person
's relapse into criminal behavior and is measured by criminal acts that resulted in rearrest, reconviction or return to jail within a three–year period
following the criminal 's release. Approximately 6 in 10 released inmates are rearrested or reincarcerated within three years of release from prison (The
Bureau of Planning, Research and Statistics, 2013). Many criminals go to jail after doing time because they find it hard to fit back in with the normal
life due to returning to high risk places and finding a job. In order to eliminate high recidivism with the jail system, it is necessary to provide
education and vocational training. Drug addiction typically propels the criminal behavior of inmates whom recidivate soon after release. Many
prisoners report commit their offense while under the influence of drugs. Recidivism rates for drug offenders are depressingly high (Hynes). Rapper
Gucci Mane, a lean addict has been arrested many times. He has been arrested for terroristic threats, marijuana possession, reckless driving, driving
without a license, driving on the wrong side of the road, failure to maintain lane, obstruction and interference with government property, possessing a
firearm as a felon, aggravated assault and assault with a deadly weapon (The many mug shots of Gucci Mane, n.d.). Gucci Mane is currently in jail and

Essay on Recidivism Rates
Lower education rates will raise recidivism rates because many prisoners who lack education and re–enter society will not be self–sufficient as
education provides the basis for employment.
Heather Ongley
Lorena Quintero
Amanda Winter
Darren Robinson
CJA/334
Philip Russo
September 17, 2012
Introduction Before understanding the research to be conducted, one must understand the who, what, when, and why of the issue. Many people know
and understand that with a better education they will have a better chance in succeeding in the business world. Getting a good paying job without an
education is very difficult to do. Those in prison have it even harder, not only do they lack the necessary education; they also have a criminal ... Show
According to "Bureau of Justice Statistics" (2012), "Recidivism is measured by criminal acts that resulted in the rearrests, reconviction, or return to
prison with or without a new sentence during a three–year period following the prisoner's release" (Recidivism, par. 1).
If the hypothesis is confirmed the theory will suggest that the lower the education level of an individual, the more apt that individual is to having a
hard time finding work. If an individual, who has been to prison or jail, gets released into society with a low education level they will have a hard
time finding a job. If this individual cannot find a job they will most likely turn to crime to get money to support themselves or their families, thus
proving that the lower the education rate the higher the recidivism rate is.
If the hypothesis is not confirmed it will suggest that there is no connection between education levels and recidivism rates back into jail or prison. If
not proved the hypothesis will also show that individuals released back into society turn back to crime for other reasons and not anything to do with
their education levels, thus proving that education levels have no effect on recidivism rates.
Background/Literature review Recidivism is the result of a former prisoner relapsing into criminal activity and returning to prison for a new offense. It
is estimated that approximately two–thirds of

Substance-Induced Recidivism In Research
Topic
Rating: 4
The topic sound like an interesting area to focus on for the proposed research, but seem a little vague. Since this topic is something I'm not necessarily
familiar with, was hoping for a clearer explanation addressing the relationship of substance–induced deficient and recidivism. What exactly is the
recidivism relating to? Is it the substance or being treated for the substance?
Research Problem
Rating: 4
The research problem towards the end explained the purpose of the investigation. It seems as if the last sentence would have made the topic statement
more clear to decipher the correlation of substance–induced intelligence and recidivism.
Justification for Research Problem
Rating: 4
The first sentence seem to be irrelevant

Causes Of Recidivism
In Today's society former offenders are reverting back to criminal activity, leading to a reoccurring issue within the U.S. criminal justice system. These
former offenders are reentering society with little or no progress after prison. Recidivism Law and Legal Definition (N.d.) defines the term recidivism
as the tendency to lapse into a previous pattern of behavior, especially a pattern of criminal habits. Specifically, to rearrests, reconviction, or reincarnate
former inmates. Currently, there is no single cause for recidivism. However, a few explanations for recidivism may include, the lack of education,
inability to obtain employment, and psychological dysfunctions inherited during incarceration. Education provides access to economic and social
success in any field of life. Commonly, inmate's ender prison with very low skill levels. So forth, official statistics show over fifty percent of both male
and female offenders do not have any educational skills. In Today's Society education and incarceration inevitably cycle back to one another. For
instance, in neighborhoods in towns that spend millions of dollars to lock up residents, the education department suffers more. Hence, zip codes to high
rates of incarceration can be linked to low performing schools. Thus, poor communities suffer the most, leading to poor education systems in the
community. Specifically, Hawkins (2010) reports sixty–eight percent of the Los Angeles' high performing schools are in neighborhoods with

Literature Review On Recidivism
The study, "Recidivism among Participants of a Reentry Program for Prisoners Released without Supervision" (2012) by Wikoff, Linhorst, and
Morani, discusses if reentry programs with direct financial assistance leads to a lower recidivism rate and predictors of recidivism among offenders
who have maxed–out. In the study, there were 122 inmates that were a part of the Project Re–Connect (PRC) group and 158 offenders were part of the
nonparticipation group. The participants were monitor to see if they would get convicted of other charges after initially being released. While the
article was overall well–done, there are some aspects that could be changed and/or interpreted more. There are various sections within the article that
help to further explain the steps of the study. For instance, the abstract of the article provides a well described summary of the study as a whole. The
literature review at the beginning of the article explains the a brief history of the problem being studied and how more studies need to be conducted on
the topic of recidivism among released prisoners. For examples, the literature review provides data and statistics that show the rise in the prison
population by 475% within a 30 years spanned and the rise of prisoners who are released without supervision. Also, it explains how many offenders
are often sent to jail for new charges and they need for programs that can create an easier transition process for released prisoners. The literature review

Simulation Strategies For Reducing Recidivism Risk
Taxman, F. S., & Pattavina, A. (2013). Simulation Strategies to Reduce Recidivism Risk Need Responsivity (RNR) Modeling for the Criminal Justice
System. New York, NY: Springer New York.
Currently, there is little use of evidence–based programs or best practice within correctional settings. There is some consensus that offenders' programs
do not produce expected outcomes. Valid risk and assessment tools should be used, being able to identify is an offender is open to altering their
behavior. Using cognitive programs, and use quality programming and focus on recidivism programs. This work seeks to expand the idea that offender
needs be identified and program placement should mirror needs. Since not all factors are intrinsic, such as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Criminology & Public Policy, 13(4), 503–533. doi:10.1111/1745–9133.12097
Reflected in this work is a step by step recommendation to end the issues that have created mass incarceration in the United States. It reviews and
suggests that many laws and practices were passed that have not served humanity well. These works ask for fair and effective sentencing and the repeal
of three strikes and mandatory minimum sentencing laws. Studies suggest that many offenders after the age of thirty–five are less likely to commit
crimes. Therefore, age should be a factor in release programs based on offenders age. This paper is important because it provides a background to
practices that have resulted in the United States mass imprisonment of its citizens
Vollaard, B. (2013), Preventingcrime through selective incapacitation*. The Economic Journal, 123: 262–284. doi:10.1111/j.1468–0297.2012. 02522.x
This research suggests that crime can be prevented through selective incapacitation. This paper supports mandatory sentencing as a method to reduce
crime and prevent future crime. Increasing incarceration lengths by harsh sentences especially for habitual offenders has been known to lessen the
return to prison. Repeat offenders are presumed to be more likely to commit a future crime. High cost with the little outcome, since crime would
naturally decrease when an offender matures. Incarcerating offenders past a

The Recidivism Area On Juvenile Delinquency
In order to conduct research in the recidivism area, the use of secondary data will be used as an appropriate method for analysis. This analysis consists
of measuring traditional penal sanctions such as incarceration versus alternative ways such as a rehabilitation treatment to deal with juvenile
delinquency and investigate how it affects recidivism rates. The primary attention for this research proposal purpose is to rely only on juvenile
delinquency data as the necessary specific information is not available for the adult population. Certainly, limitations exist as data is not collected by
the author of this research proposal. However, due to limited resources this proposal utilizes quantitative methods based on secondary data regardless ...
Although, there are some disadvantages about using secondary data. For example, if the expert collecting the information had other purposes in
mind or if the data is interpreted in a different way could affect the validity of the research analysis. Also, the person or people collecting this data
may only capture the information needed to prove their point or even manipulate the statistics. Nonetheless, a secondary data analysis is a suitable
option because of the reasons previously mentioned, albeit probable disadvantages exist. The secondary data used for this research has been
published on the Kids Count data center which is part of the Project of the Annie E. Casey Foundation website ("Annie E. Casey Foundation," 2015).
This organization's main goal is an attempt to develop a better future for many children at risk due to low economic status, limited educational
opportunities and other difficult situations. The Annie E. Casey Foundation (2015) was initiated in 1948 and their hard work has been compensated
by accomplishing the improvement of a numerous children as well as their families. This website presents several types of raw data collected over
the years that is available to the public for analysis or for informational purposes only. Indeed, the Kids Count data center provides specific
information labeled as Safety & Risky Behaviors which will be the main focus

The Causes And Effects Of Recidivism
With so many studies on recidivism and rehabilitation, and so few that were considered successful, there were aspects that made many skeptical of why
these programs simply did not work. Different researchers conducted different types of research and came up with different results. Of the 231 studies
that were finalized after making it through the rigorous elimination process, some researchers seen the net–widening process as the beginning of the
entombed rehabilitation and recidivism. Researchers did not coordinate their individual meaning of many terms, including recidivism and
rehabilitation. Whether it was for simply being arrested and charged, adding a new charge all together, or taken into custody and being released. The
diversity in the research would become both the entombing and the rebirth on recidivism and rehabilitation. Researchers seem to vacillate even more
on the effects of recidivisms and rehabilitation "we know very little about the recidivism effects of various degrees of security, finding out will be
compounded by the probability that these effects will vary widely according to the type of offender that we're dealing with" (Martinson, 1974).
Eliminating certain factors from the studies only skewed the results the way the researchers wanted them to be viewed in the beginning. With each
study of a successful result, there is another with a failure result. Every program does not work on every criminal in every situation. Having many
programs can be costly,

The Endless Cycle Of Recidivism
The Endless Cycle of Recidivism Recidivism is such a significant problem here in New Mexico. Many tend to throw it off and label it "just" a prison
problem. But in all reality and factuality it's a whole lot more than that; it's a societal problem that affects our whole community, it affects our state as a
whole. Recidivism is the act of reoffending or falling back into criminal behavior after one has been incarcerated and released. Recidivism tends to
more common, than uncommon here in New Mexico.
Never Changing History
The revolving door of recidivism is extremely different than it was only just a few decades ago though. Nowadays there are so much more offenders
being arrested and released from prison than there was in the past. Not to mention most of them nowadays have served significantly longer prison
terms than those offenders in the past, which in turn contributes to recidivism and the increasing rates over the years. Very few and far in between
ever really received the benefit of the vast rehab or even pre release programs in the prisons, so in turn they end up right back where there started.
They go in without and education and they come out without an education; they go in with no social skills and come out with no skills, they go in
criminal and come out an even better criminal. How does that all work?? Who knows but lock them up.
Simple Statistics in New Mexico
Most studies that I found reported that up to 2/3 of NM offenders will reoffend within three

Reducing Recidivism: A Case Study
According to this article, research has found that the disciplinary models of correctional boot camps were somewhat effective in reducing recidivism
and the impact of rehabilitative model is found to be unclear at this point. According to the authors, this program model should be more effective than
the traditional prison model in reducing criminals who are labeled as high risk offenders. Researchers found that boot camp, also known as military
style of punishment did not reduce criminal behavior, and according to this article, suggest that programs that incorporated strong educational and
rehabilitative practices may hold more of a positive effect in terms of reducing crime (Hagan, 2010).
The research design in boot camps goals were to reduce

The Consequences Of Prison Recidivism
Improving Prison Reentry and Reducing Recidivism
Recidivism is a social problem that continues year after year. The National Institute of Justice claims that this is one of the most fundamental concepts
in criminal justice. They also provide some statistic. Within three years of release, about two–thirds (67.8 percent) of released prisoners were rearrested.
Within five years of release, about three–quarters (76.6 percent) of released prisoners were rearrested. Of those prisoners who were rearrested, more
than half (56.7 percent) were arrested by the end of the first year. Recidivism is the act of an individual continuing a bad behavior after they have
experienced negative consequences or repercussion from that behavior. In some instances ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This title alone may cause individuals to be over looked for jobs they are qualified for. To help solve this problem he suggests something called
Second Chance Legislation. Based on the nature of the crime, evidence supports that if an individual has not reoffended or recommitted a crime,
enough time has passed for an individual to learn from there mistake and if they have not commit a crime will not due so. Heroux suggests expunging
their criminal record as if it never happened at all. There are other things to consider when discussing recidivism. Yes, it's important to note how the
issue can be solved, but it's also important to note why it is happening so often.
Many individuals who have been incarcerated face an addiction, or a mental health issue this addition could be to intoxicants such as drugs and alcohol,
but as mentioned it could also be a mental health issue. These individuals face stigmas in the community and as a result may not receive the treatment
they need due to embarrassment and shame. As a result of going untreated individuals may turn to crime time and time again to cope and handle their
illness and

Effectiveness Of The Reduction Recidivism Rates
Effectiveness
Effectiveness is the reduction in recidivism rates; more specifically, the reduction in the likelihood to be arrested for a new crime, or for committing a
parole violation. Unlike research on the implementation of DRC's, there is not a need for a more in depth look at the benefits of overcorwding jails
and increasing incarceration costs. Costs, as mentioned earlier, are significantly more than the costs associated with the implementation of a DRC. In
addition, the steady increase in occupants of the RHRJ has lead to contracting out of beds at other jail facilities due to the lack of space and reduction
in offenders. A continuation of the status quo, housing offenders in the RHRJ until an additional facility with the... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, in addition to the trained personnel, the building infrastructure must also be included in the feasibility of administrative capcity. Unlike
the staffing for the DRC, the staffing required for the continuation of housing offenders in the RHRJ until an additional facility is built, is heavily
reliant on the number of offenders in jail at a given time. As seen in figure 1 in the appendix, there are several staffing needs to be met. Given the
projected growth in the jail population, the number of personnel required to provide services and programs is not adequate; it is especially not
supportive of future expansion of programs and services for the community (Moseley Architects, 2014).
Cost
Several cost components factor into the traditional incarceration model. The figure that is commonly discussed within the correctional system is the
per day incarceration cost. It represents the amount of funding necessary to house one inmate for one day at the RHRJ facility. According to Captain
Shortell, the per day incarceration cost for 2013 was $73.35, and there was a slight reduction for 2014 down to $72.33. These figures will be used in
subsequent calculations to compare costs of the Day Reporting Center to the traditional incarceration option. With an average per day incarceration
occupancy of 350 beds, the yearly figure for housing the inmates equals a staggering $9.24–million.
As the Mosely study identified, the RHRJ often was operating at well over 150%

Summary Of Juvenile Recidivism
Recommendation Overall, I would not recommend ART as an intervention tool to prevent future recidivism of violent juvenile offenders, mostly due to
ART not having a significant effect on violent felony recidivism in the Washington study. ART shows promise on promoting prosocial behaviors that
significantly reduce overall juvenile recidivism; however, further research is needed. Currently, Washington State is in a good place to recreate their
1999–2003 study because (1) the state has utilized ART since 1999 and, at this point, all courts and ART trainers should be operating at a "highly
competent" level, (2) the state has shown a dedication to evidence–based practices, and (3) the initial study occurred nearly two decades ago and is in
need of an update. However, an updated study would require some updated methodology.
First, the state must conduct the study with a random assignment process consistent across all participating courts instead of the pseudo random
assignment previously ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Second, to better capture the long–term effects of ART, WSIPP should track each participant's criminal records annually throughout their lives and
regularly update their study results because, previously, WSIPP only checked recidivism up to 18 months after ART. Additionally, this more accurate
information on long–term effects may better inform the cost–benefit analysis. Third, further investigation must examine why there was no significant
reduction of violent felony recidivism. One way that this information could come out is through the use of the community functioning follow–up in the
New York implementation evaluation which tasked probation/parole officers with rating the juveniles to gauge their community functioning within six
different settings: Home and Family, School,

Arguments Against Recidivism
Recidivism. We have heard that word over and over and yet we seem to find ourselves with the same problem, the overcrowding of jails, or even
individuals reoffending. In many ways, people believe that punishing for a crime does not work and one of the most effective ways to prevent
individuals from re–offending is simple, rehabilitation. Throughout the following essay we will be discussing a particular drug offense and consider a
type of rehabilitation program in which would best serve that particular offender. In Arizona, like many other states they have taken drug use as a
serious manner. By enacting laws such as even prohibiting drug paraphernalia. Under the Arizona Revised Statue 13–345, states how it is illegal to
possess something

Prison Recidivism
Abstract
This paper will demonstrate whether the length of prison stay for an inmate effects recidivism. Determining whether the prison sentence for an inmate
will deter the criminal from any criminal activity or if they will recidivate is a key component to see if a prison sentence keeps a criminal from
engaging in any criminal activity. The paper will discuss whether the longer theprison sentence will reduce recidivism or if the minimum of a sentence
will have a higher recidivism rate. The research conducted will help determine whether a prison sentence has any effect on the relapse of criminal
offenders. This research could help a judge determine to give the appropriate prison sentence to a criminal. The research conducted comes from a ...
According to Mitchell, Cochran, Mears, & Bales, (2016) state that it is abnormal considering that the incarceration rate in the United States has
increased on a yearly annual basis over the past 40 years, making the United States the leader in incarceration rates. Even though the targets correlated
with imprisonment incorporate incapacitation of active offenders, retribution, and general deterrence, the reduction of recidivism account for the
critical inducement for the rising use of incarceration in the United States. Research by Mitchell et al.'s (2016) article states that classifying and
learning the outlook of prisons increases offending by seen as "schools of crime" or enable offenders to increase their tendency to engage in criminal
behavior in the future. Learning about the prison system from the inside gives a greater outlook on the life of a criminal while in prison and their ways
of doing things than being out in the free world.
Mass Incarceration in the United States
Research by Traum (2013) supports the growth of incarceration rates in the United States traces back to the legal policies that have gone to the
increase of the lengths of prison sentences and the imprisonment. Mitchell et al. (2016) studied the imprisonment rate of the United States in the year
of 2012 to be 471 per 100,000 residents; if the ones who are in jail are to be included, then the rate would increase to 707 per 100,000 residents.
According to Mitchell et al. (2016) states that given that the United States has these rates for imprisonment makes it to exceed than any others in the

Juvenile Recidivism and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Juvenile Recidivism and Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy
(Participant Information Sheet and Consent Form)–Appendix B
As part of the requirements for a degree in Criminal Justice at the State University of New York at Buffalo, I have to conduct a research study. This
research looks at the effects of Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy on recidivism rates.
Prison recidivism rates continue to be a problem in the United States. Just within the first 3 years of release from prison, it is estimated that more than
40 percent offenders commit new crimes and are once again incarcerated. This is an obvious sign that the implemented programs and policies to
combat recidivism are failing. This study looks at cognitive–behavioral therapy, the most known ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We ask that you provide accurate responses. You do not have to answer anyquestion(s) you feel uncomfortable answering during the interview(s).
This study will not be anonymous as it requires us to collect names for the purpose of completing this research. For the purpose of this study,
information will remain confidential. To ensure confidentiality, Non–involving persons or agencies will not have access to information collected to
ensure confidentiality.
Participation in this study is completely voluntary. You have the right to refuse to answer any question you feel uncomfortable or embarrassed to
answer. You have the right to withdraw yourself from the study at any time. No risks are anticipated as a result of participation in this study. Your
current prison term will not be effected should you refuse to participate, withdraw your consent, or discontinue participation
Each participant who completes their participation in this study is awarded early release from prison
This study was reviewed by the Department of Ethics Committee, the Criminal Justice Department, Sociology Department, and the Department of
Applied Psychology.
If you need any further information or have questions at any time during the study, you can contact me:
Magdalena Mpinga

(315) 383–7128 mpingam01@mail.buffalostate.edu Please sign the

Is Recidivism Inevitable? Essay
Prisons are intended not only to hold prisoners, but, also to rehabilitate them and turn them into productive members of society. Though it seems
prisons are not doing their job correctly, most prisons, either due to budget constraints or corrupt officers, do not try to rehabilitate them. They serve
their time and then are thrown back into the world worse criminals than before. The prison system, in its current form, is flawed. It is nearly
impossible to truly rehabilitate someone after prison time. The prison system, as it is now, has existed for a long time. Only recently has it has it
become flawed. Recidivism, or the tendency to relapse into a previous undesirable type of behavior, especially crime, rates are at their highest. ... Show
This is because at the end of their sentence prisoners are thrown out into the real world with no help and with parole–based restrictions. Some places,
however, are trying to help like Wisconsin's "Windows to Work" programs. "Inmates participate in weekly group sessions, and develop a release
plan with a coach, who will also help them after they are released" (Lawrence 20). This program gives them a much needed support system that is
very important to their success out of the prison system. If other states began to adopt similar programs more prisoners may be able to rejoin society.
Another problem is that people are not given the help they need to be rehabilitated. When someone is put into jail for a drug related charge they
should be given help in the form of drug rehab. However since these inmates are not given any kind of assistance they are exposed to the inter–prison
drug trade with no support to help them stay away. Prisoners also face the challenges of illiteracy. "nineteen percent of adult inmates are completely
illiterate." (Frolander–Ulf 114) These inmates should be given the opportunity to take classes that would help them to find jobs once they are released
from the system thereby improving their lives in general. Yet another problem within the prison system is the general lack of education among the
inmates. "Not only does education help in terms of helping incarcerated persons get on with life after prison... but it also makes life more

Key Factors Of Recidivism
Factors Influences Recidivism in Prison Seberang Perai: A Proposed Framework
Rajan Nagarajan rajan9590@gmail.com Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that contributing to the recidivism in Prison Seberang Perai. The research will also examine the
factor which is matter most to the cause occurrence of recidivism in prison. On the strength of literature revised it is proposed that self–recidivist,
family and social are the major factors affecting the recidivism rate in prison. The study suggests a model which is suggested for empirical study. The
research also suggests an instrument for the collection of data and also highlight the methodology should be carry out for the analysis and interpretation.
Keywords: Self–Recidivist, Family, Social, Recidivism, Prison ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is clear that these factors become the main cause of recidivism which their basic needs are not met. Culture likes do not want to accept former
prisoners as part of society, revenge and not bothering must be removed and swapped by a culture of opportunity and help.
Theoretical Framework
This section includes the exploration about the factors that affecting recidivism in prison. The theoretical framework in this study based on Social
Learning Theory, Social Control Theory and Labelling Theory. These theories would be justified in an integrated manner to explain the factors that
influence recidivism in prison. In this research, self–recidivist, family and social environment become independent variables (IV) while recidivism
becomes dependent variable (DV). Thus the model has been developed that is shown below in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Conceptual Research Model relating factors that influences recidivism
IV

Incarceration And Recidivism
This article provides information on a faith–based program initiated by Bishop T.D. Jakes which provides assistance to released inmates returning to
their communities. As a source, this article presents a comparison of statistics on recidivism of inmates participating in the program versus inmates
who do not participate. The data shows that for inmates to re–enter society they must have formal help and assistance until they are able to establish
themselves in the community. This research focuses on how incarceration affects the health and overall well–being of prisoners as well as their
families. The article is unique in that it contains many first–hand interviews with prisoners and family members sharing their experiences of social
support

The Effects Of Recidivism On The United States
Reviewing Literature
Sociologist, psychologist, and political figures have made concerted efforts, to analyze, predict, and resolve the detrimental social and economic impact
of recidivism as it relates to communities within the United States. Yet recidivism remains a problem in the US. The focus here is notrecidivism itself,
but to understand which aspects of case management services may assist in lessening recidivism after an offender's incarceration.
Nationally within three years of release, about two–thirds (67.8 percent) of released prisoners were rearrested (National Institute of Justice, 2014). In
Illinois, over 45 percent of offenders released from prison each year recidivate (Green, "Illinois Policy," 2015). There are many possible factors
contributing to recidivism. However, this study will only explore the lived experiences of ex–offenders and their case management services. This study
will focus on identifying the phenomenon that exists within participants lived experiences who received case management services in a transitional
homes setting after incarceration.
Case Management
Case management assists ex–offenders returning to the community through a vast array of programs. Case managers coordinate and expedite the use of
medical screening, housing assistance, parenting classes, and employment (Sheedy & Whitter, 2013). Case management assists with leadership
philosophies that initiate change within the offenders and provided needed skills for offenders to

Preventing Recidivism Through Correctional Programs

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