1. HATE SPEECH
Hate speech is defined by Cambridge Dictionary as "public speech that
expresses hate or encourages violence towards a person or group based on
something such as race, religion, sex, or sexual orientation".
2. Impacts on young people
Young people as targets of recruitment:
• Internet is a learning space for easy ideas
•Hate patterns reach out for youth involvement
• Emotional risk Young people as victims:
• Sensitive identity and personality
• Emotiional or psychological harm
• Social harm
• Physical harm
• Suicide (in extreme situations)
3. HACKTIVISM
Derived from combining the words ‘Hack’ and ‘Activism’, hacktivism is the
act of hacking, or breaking into a computer system, for politically or socially
motivated purposes.
The individual who performs an act of hacktivism is said to be a hacktivist.
Hacktivism is the act of misusing a computer system or network for a socially
or politically motivated reason.
4. Hacktivism defined
• Hacking to promote
– Political
Religious
– Social ideology
• Human rights
• Free speech
• Freedom of information
• The morality is subjective
5. HACKTIVISM IS A HUGE CHALLENGE
In Internet activism, hacktivism (a portmanteau of hack and activism) is the use
of technology to promote a political agenda or a social change.
With roots in hacker culture and hacker ethics, its ends are often related to the
free speech, human rights, or freedom of information movements.
6. Who Do Hacktivists Target?
Common targets for hacktivists include government agencies, multinational
corporations, or any other entity perceived as ‘bad’ or ‘wrong’ by the hacktivist
group or individual
. Of course, gaining unauthorized access to any organisation’s assets through
such activities is a criminal act, no matter what the intention might be.
7. HACKTIVISM IN THE NEWS
Anonymous has been behind some of the largest hacktivist attacks in
recent history, with 2011 seeing a major surge in acts committed
against the threat to internet transparency and also saw the group
successfully break into a number of corporations and security agency
servers, disable government security sites, steal sensitive information
such as credit card details, and deface commercial websites.
They were not carrying out these acts for their perpetrator’s own
financial or personal gain however for the greater good in showing
opposition against internet censorship and control.
8. In 2012, the WikiLeaks political whistle blower site retaliated against Amazon,
PayPal, Visa and Mastercard who had been pressure by the US government to
halt services in order to prevent its supporters from donating to the hacktivist
organization.
The retaliation came in the form of DDoS attacks that shut down these sites
and caused large scale company losses.
“ Despite global government efforts, hacktivism has become a force to be
reckoned with and still holds the ability to cause mass disruption.”
