Instruct Nirmaana 24-Smart and Lean Construction Through Technology.pdf
Emmanuel Kant
1. ETHICS PRESENTATION
IMMANUEL KANT
GUIDED BY-DR.RAJESH N S
GROUP 10
AKASH RAJ 17BEC001
AYUSH GUPTA 17BEC002
DERIK LYTTEN 17BCS008
GVINAY 17BEC007
KAMINI CHANCHAL 17BCS012
RAJENDRA PRAJAPAT 17BCS024
SUHANI PRAJAPATI 17BCS030
2.
3. Who is Kant?
• Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) is one
of the most influential
philosophers in the history of
Western philosophy.
• His contributions to metaphysics,
epistemology, ethics, and
aesthetics have had a profound
impact on almost every
philosophical movement that
followed him.
• A large part of Kant’s work
addresses the question “What can
we know?”
4. • Kant was born on 22 April 1724 into a Prussian
German family of Lutheran Protestant faith in Konigsberg,
East Prussia.
• Baptized Emanuel, he later changed his name to
Immanuel after learning Hebrew.(native language in
northwest of Israel).
• He was brought up in a Pietist household that stressed
religious devotion, humility, and a literal interpretation of
the Bible.
• Kant maintained Christian ideals for some time, but
struggled to reconcile the faith with his belief in science.
5. • Kant is best known for his work in the philosophy of ethics
and metaphysics, but he made significant contributions to
other disciplines.
• In 1754, while contemplating on a prize question by the
BerlinAcademy about the problem of Earth's rotation.
• He argued that the Moon's gravity would slow down
Earth's spin and he also put forth the argument that
gravity would eventually cause the Moon’s tidal
locking to coincide with the Earth's rotation.
• Kant laid out the Nebular hypothesis, in which he deduced
that the Solar system had formed from a large cloud of
gas, a nebula.
6. • Kant also correctly deduced that the Milky way was a large disk of
stars which he theorized formed from a much larger spinning gas
cloud.
• He further suggested that other distant "nebulae" might be other
galaxies.
• These postulations opened new horizons for astronomy, for the first
time extending it beyond the Solar System to galactic and
intergalactic realms.
• Kant also made contributions to geology in his Universal Natural
History.
7. • Kant published a second edition of the Critique
of Pure Reason (Kritik der reinenVernunft) in
1787, heavily revising the first parts of the book.
• Most of his subsequent work focused on other
areas of philosophy.
• The 1790 Critique of Judgment (the third Critique)
applied the Kantian system to aesthetics
and teleology.
• Kant's health, long poor, worsened and he died
at Konigsberg on 12 February 1804, uttering "Es
ist gut (It is good)" before expiring.
8.
9.
10. • In Kant's essay "Answering the Question:What is Enlightenment?",
Kant defined the Enlightenment as an age shaped by
the Latin motto Sapere aude ("Dare to be wise").
• Kant maintained that one ought to think autonomously, free of the
dictates of external authority.
• Kant asserted that, because of the limitations of argumentation in
the absence of irrefutable evidence, no one could really know
whether there is a God and an afterlife or not.
• For the sake of morality and as a ground for reason, Kant asserted,
people are justified in believing in God, even though they could
never know God's presence empirically
11.
12. KANTIAN ETHICS:
• More than any philosopher ,Kant emphasized the way in which
moral life was centred on duty.
• As part of the Enlightenment tradition, Kant based his ethical
theory on the belief that reason should be used to determine
how people ought to act.
• He did not attempt to prescribe specific action, but instructed
that reason should be used to determine how to behave.
• His ethics are based on following specific criteria:
18. “
”
Live your life as though your every act
were to become a universal law.
-Immanuel Kant
19.
20.
21.
22. Applications of Kantian ethics:
Medical ethics:
• He believed that all humans should have the right to common
dignity and respect.
• Kant's requirement of autonomy would mean that a patient must
be able to make a fully informed decision about treatment, making
it immoral to perform tests on unknowing patients.
• Kant's formulation of autonomy requires that patients are never
used merely for the benefit of society, but are always treated as
rational people with their own goals.
23. • Abortion should be defended according to Kantian ethics.
• He proposed that a woman should be treated as a dignified
autonomous person, with control over their body, as Kant suggested.
• He believes that the free choice of women would be paramount in
Kantian ethics, requiring abortion to be the mother's decision.
• Even when humans are not rational because of age (such as babies or
foetuses) or mental disability, agents are still morally obligated to
treat them as an ends in themselves, equivalent to a rational adult
such as a mother seeking an abortion.
24.
25.
26.
27. “
”
He who is cruel to animals becomes hard
also in his dealings with men.We can
judge the heart of a man by his
treatment of animals.
