Software Development Life Cycle By Team Orange (Dept. of Pharmacy)
The Human Factors Components of a Safety Management System The US Perspective.ppt
1. The Human Factors
Components of a Safety
Management System: The
US Perspective
Dr. William B. Johnson
Chief Scientific & Technical Advisor for
Human Factors in A/C Maintenance Systems
The Complexity of Aviation Safety Management:
Putting Ideas into Practice – International Conference
Hong Kong
October 16 – 17, 2007
Federal Aviation
Administration
2. Federal Aviation
Administration
1 of 24
The Complexity of Aviation Safety Management: Putting Ideas into Practice
Hong Kong
October 16 – 17, 2007
1
Agenda
Obligatory SMS Flow Carts
Fitting Human Factors Activities to the SMS Puzzle
Selected Current FAA Human Factors Activities
Future International Human Factors Challenges
Discussion (Time Permitting)
3. Federal Aviation
Administration
2 of 24
The Complexity of Aviation Safety Management: Putting Ideas into Practice
Hong Kong
October 16 – 17, 2007
2
Agenda
Obligatory SMS Flow Carts
Fitting Human Factors Activities to the SMS Puzzle
Selected Current FAA Human Factors Activities
Future International Human Factors Challenges
Discussion (Time Permitting)
4. Federal Aviation
Administration
3 of 24
The Complexity of Aviation Safety Management: Putting Ideas into Practice
Hong Kong
October 16 – 17, 2007
3
Safety
Policy
Risk
Management
Safety
Assurance
Safety
Promotion
Formal
process to
assess &
manage
risk
CULTURE & VALUES
INTEGRATION
SAFETY
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Clearly
stated
goals for
SMS
Monitor
and
feedback
loop
Actions
to
reinforce
a positive
safety
culture
5. Federal Aviation
Administration
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The Complexity of Aviation Safety Management: Putting Ideas into Practice
Hong Kong
October 16 – 17, 2007
4
Pieces to the SMS
Policy
Risk Mgmt.
Assurance Promotion
6. Federal Aviation
Administration
5 of 24
The Complexity of Aviation Safety Management: Putting Ideas into Practice
Hong Kong
October 16 – 17, 2007
5
Agenda
Obligatory SMS Flow Carts
Fitting Human Factors Activities to the SMS Puzzle
Selected Current FAA Human Factors Activities
Future International Human Factors Challenges
Discussion (Time Permitting)
7. Federal Aviation
Administration
6 of 24
The Complexity of Aviation Safety Management: Putting Ideas into Practice
Hong Kong
October 16 – 17, 2007
6
SMS Policy and Human Factors
Policy
• Sincere integration of HF and
SMS Activity
• SMS policy, process, and plans
must explicitly address HF issues
• Describe, in detail, how:
• HF personnel will serve in SMS planning
• The process for collecting and using HF data
• How HF data will be assessed for risk
• How HF performance change will be assessed
• How HF will be promoted with other SMS initiatives
8. Federal Aviation
Administration
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The Complexity of Aviation Safety Management: Putting Ideas into Practice
Hong Kong
October 16 – 17, 2007
7
Risk Management and Human Factors
Risk Management
Describe
System
Identify
Hazards
Analyze
Risk
Assess
Risk
Control
Risk
• Establish event report system
• Include written discipline policy
• Establish event data analysis system
• Identify challenges, correct them, monitor them
• HF personnel have been promoting this for 20 years!
9. Federal Aviation
Administration
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The Complexity of Aviation Safety Management: Putting Ideas into Practice
Hong Kong
October 16 – 17, 2007
8
Safety Assurance and Human Factors
Safety Assurance
• Let event report be the basis for assurance
• Consider LOSA for maintenance
• Implement HF Auditing system
• Incorporate HF Training into assurance loop
10. Federal Aviation
Administration
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The Complexity of Aviation Safety Management: Putting Ideas into Practice
Hong Kong
October 16 – 17, 2007
9
Safety Promotion and Human Factors
Safety
Promotion
• Cultivate the safety culture
• Promote SMS in HF Activities
• Promote HF in SMS
• Safety is people and process oriented
• Use event reporting to promote
communication up and down the company
11. Federal Aviation
Administration
10 of 24
The Complexity of Aviation Safety Management: Putting Ideas into Practice
Hong Kong
October 16 – 17, 2007
10
Agenda
Obligatory SMS Flow Carts
Fitting Human Factors Activities to the SMS Puzzle
Selected Current FAA Human Factors Activities
Future International Human Factors Challenges
Discussion (Time permitting)
12. Federal Aviation
Administration
11 of 24
The Complexity of Aviation Safety Management: Putting Ideas into Practice
Hong Kong
October 16 – 17, 2007
11
Selected FAA Activities
• International Survey of HF
• Completion of 2 Operator’s Manuals for HF
• Maintenance
• Airport Services
• Aviation Safety Action Program Support
• Action on HF Rulemaking
• Training Initiatives for Aviation Safety Inspectors
13. Federal Aviation
Administration
12 of 24
The Complexity of Aviation Safety Management: Putting Ideas into Practice
Hong Kong
October 16 – 17, 2007
12
Survey Goals and Methods
• Purpose: Assess international status of maintenance HF
• Look at: HF programs, fatigue management, error
management, and training.
• Comparison: Compare by regulators, Does it make a
difference if there is a rule?
• Distribution: Online survey (80 items) to 630 addresses.
14. Federal Aviation
Administration
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The Complexity of Aviation Safety Management: Putting Ideas into Practice
Hong Kong
October 16 – 17, 2007
13
Respondent Country and Experience
54 Countries
414 Total Respondents (66% response rate)
200 Organizations (Estimated based on 66%)
Experience: 65% > 20 yrs. maintenance experience
15. Federal Aviation
Administration
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The Complexity of Aviation Safety Management: Putting Ideas into Practice
Hong Kong
October 16 – 17, 2007
14
Responding Countries
Argentina 4
Australia 19
Austria 1
Bahrain 1
Belgium 3
Bolivia 3
Brazil 3
Canada 36
Chile 3
China 3
Columbia 3
Cyprus 1
Denmark 1
Ecuador 1
El Salvador 1
Finland 1
France 3
Germany 6
Greece 10
Greenland 1
Guatemala 2
Hong Kong 6
Hungary 1
Ireland 2
Italy 1
Japan 3
Korea 2
Kuwait 1
Luxembourg 1
Malaysia 6
Malta 1
Mexico 4
Netherlands 2
New Zealand 3
Norway 12
Panama 4
Peru 1
Philippines 4
Poland 1
Portugal 2
Romania 1
Singapore 12
Slovenia 1
South Africa 5
Spain 8
Sweden 4
Switzerland 4
Taiwan 9
Thailand 1
Turkey 1
United Arab Emirates 3
United Kingdom 29
United States 160
Venezuela 3
16. Federal Aviation
Administration
15 of 24
The Complexity of Aviation Safety Management: Putting Ideas into Practice
Hong Kong
October 16 – 17, 2007
15
What type of Maintenance Organization?
Airline Maint.
35.0%
Repair Stn
27.3%
Manu
4.8%
GA/Biz 8.9%
Mil/Gov't
8.2%
School/Trng
5.6%
Other
10.1%
17. Federal Aviation
Administration
16 of 24
The Complexity of Aviation Safety Management: Putting Ideas into Practice
Hong Kong
October 16 – 17, 2007
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Summary Findings
• Worker safety, flight safety, regulatory compliance are important
motivators when implementing an HF program
• Transport Canada and EASA countries have the most robust programs.
• Strong regulations promote strong HF programs.
• Fatigue issues are perceived to be important but little action.
• When companies have programs they are similar.
• Companies record event data but do not use it enough.
18. Federal Aviation
Administration
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The Complexity of Aviation Safety Management: Putting Ideas into Practice
Hong Kong
October 16 – 17, 2007
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www.hfskyway.com
2 Reference Manuals
19. Federal Aviation
Administration
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The Complexity of Aviation Safety Management: Putting Ideas into Practice
Hong Kong
October 16 – 17, 2007
18
Selected FAA Activities
• International Survey of HF
• Completion of 2 Operator’s Manuals for HF
• Maintenance
• Airport Services
• Aviation Safety Action Program (ASAP)
• Action on HF Rulemaking
• Training Initiatives for Aviation Safety Inspectors
20. Federal Aviation
Administration
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The Complexity of Aviation Safety Management: Putting Ideas into Practice
Hong Kong
October 16 – 17, 2007
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A Training Tool for FAA Inspectors (Time permitting)
21. Federal Aviation
Administration
20 of 24
The Complexity of Aviation Safety Management: Putting Ideas into Practice
Hong Kong
October 16 – 17, 2007
Human Factors
Spectacles
Movie
22. Federal Aviation
Administration
21 of 24
The Complexity of Aviation Safety Management: Putting Ideas into Practice
Hong Kong
October 16 – 17, 2007
21
Agenda
Obligatory SMS Flow Carts
Fitting Human Factors Activities to the SMS Puzzle
Selected Current FAA Human Factors Activities
Future International Human Factors Challenges
Discussion (Time Permitting)
23. Federal Aviation
Administration
22 of 24
The Complexity of Aviation Safety Management: Putting Ideas into Practice
Hong Kong
October 16 – 17, 2007
22
• Continued outreach & regulatory
cooperation
• Creation of Mx audit tools
• Address issues of HF on new technologies
• Multi-faceted approaches to studying
maintenance fatigue
Future Challenges (1 of 2)
24. Federal Aviation
Administration
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The Complexity of Aviation Safety Management: Putting Ideas into Practice
Hong Kong
October 16 – 17, 2007
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• Extending HF attention to Airport
Operations.
• Support and capitalize on voluntary
reporting system data
• Measurement of HF initiatives
Future Challenges (2 of 2)
25. Federal Aviation
Administration
24 of 24
The Complexity of Aviation Safety Management: Putting Ideas into Practice
Hong Kong
October 16 – 17, 2007
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Summary
Obligatory SMS Flow Carts
Fitting Human Factors Activities to the SMS Puzzle
Selected Current FAA Human Factors Activities
Future International Human Factors Challenges
Discussion (Time Permitting)
Thank you