The document discusses various technical aspects of video format including: - Video format refers to different file types for storing and transmitting video with varying codecs, display standards, and physical connectors. - Aspect ratio is the size and shape of an image, expressed as a ratio such as 16:9. Higher resolutions mean more pixels and higher quality but require more bandwidth. - Frame rate measures the number of frames per second, with higher rates creating smoother motion but larger file sizes. - A codec compresses video files to reduce size but can loss quality, so choosing the right codec is important.

1. Ken Ishii
Name:
Technical Comments
Video There are different layers of video transmission and storage, each with its own set of formats to
Format
choose from. For transmission, there is a physical connector and signal protocol ("video
connection standard" below). A given physical link can carry certain "display standards" which
specify a particular refresh rate, display resolution, and color space.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video#Video_formats
AVI Advantages:
Choice of codecs means you can achieve a high rate compression if you experiment.
Plays in mainstream media players such as Windows Media Player.
Can be used as a starting point to create playable DVDs.
AVI Drawbacks:
The codec used to create your movie is usually required to be installed in order to view it.
The quality and compression achieved by codec varies considerably, so experimentation is needed.
AVI format does not support user interactivity (e.g. ‘click to continue’ pauses).

2. WMV Advantages:
Good compression and quality.
Wide compatibility with Windows PCs.
None of the codec compatibility problems associated with AVI format.
WMV Drawbacks:
Not widely compatible with Mac and Linux.
WMV format does not support user interactivity (e.g. ‘click to continue pauses’).
http://www.bbsoftware.co.uk/BBFlashBack/Support/UserGuides/MovieFormats.aspx#aviformat
Video format is basically different file names for video.

3. Screen The aspect ratio of an image is the ratio of the width of the image to its height, expressed as two
Ratio
numbers separated by a colon. This is about the size and shape of your video. At the movies the
ratio is very different from television – it is big and rectangular while television is squarer. This is
referred to as ratio; the ratio of a film is represented in numbers.
https://www.google.co.uk/#hl=en&q=screen+ratio&tbs=dfn:1&tbo=u&sa=X&ei=_g2
JUN2BIrHI0AWw6YC4BA&ved=0CBwQkQ4&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_cp.r_qf.&fp=c7b
da2362db9f52d&bpcl=35466521&biw=1280&bih=843
4:3 is better for a close up shot, for example, a 4:3 shot is commonly used in a POV
shot like in kill bill vol.ii when the bride is buried alive, they used a 4:3 shot, but a 4:3
shot would not be very effective in a wide shot, like in the start of the Dark knight, the camera is zooming into the building,
they use a 16:4 shot to give you more detail of where the film is based.
The aspect ratio is basically the size of an image on a video.

4. Resolut Resolution is the term used to describe the number of dots, or pixels, used to display an image.
ion
Higher resolutions mean that more pixels are used to create the image, resulting in a crisper,
cleaner image. The display, or resolution on a monitor, is composed of thousands of pixels or
dots. This display is indicated by a number combination, such as
800 x 600. This indicates that there are 800 dots
If the screen resolution is higher the quality is going to be higher
but for example, if you were to stream a YouTube video on a
1080p quality, it will take more bandwidth to load the video.
http://presentationsoft.about.com/od/r/g/resolution.htm
Resolution is how many dots of pixel the image is made out of.
Frame The frame-rate says how many images of a movie are displayed every second a movie is played.
Rate
The higher frame rate a movie has the smoother objects move in the movie. Compare a movie
with low frame rate with a movie with higher frame rate. The movie with high frame has more
frames for the same number of second’s film. The movie with higher frame rate will also be stored
in a larger file. You measure frame rate in frames per seconds (fps).
23.98: Converts cleanly to NTSC video with addition of 2:3 pulldown. Also converts cleanly to PAL
via addition of two fields per second, OR a very slight speed-up. Also acceptable for DCP/DCI
theatrical mastering, from the specs of a project I just did that had a theatrical release.

5. 24: Goes everywhere as above, just like you'd imagine. Not quite as easy to get to NTSC as 23.98,
but pretty close.
29.97P: Goes to NTSC easy (no conversion). Goes to PAL with motion artifacts. Goes to 23.98 or
24 DCI/DCP master BADLY. There's just no good conversion from 29.97 to 23.98/24. The only
acceptable conversions involve motion compensation/morphing techniques, and even then it's not
so hot.
In short, if primary end is broadcast NTSC but with a secondary film
out, I'd do 23.98 since the DCP prep can take 23.98. If it's the other
way around, I'd do 24.00. I wouldn't do 29.97P under any
circumstances involving a film out.
http://www.reduser.net/forum/showthread.php?19134-FPS-Pro-and-
Cons
http://www.fastvideoindexer.com/knowledgebase/framerate.html
The frame rate is how many images are shown per second on a video.

6. Compre A codec is a device or computer program capable of encoding or decoding a digital data stream
ssion
or signal. The word codec is a portmanteau of "coder-decoder" or, less commonly, "compressor-
decompressor". A codec (the program) should not be confused with a coding or compression
format or standard – a format is a document (the standard), a way of storing data, while a codec
is a program (an implementation) which can read or write such files. In practice, however,
"codec" is sometimes used loosely to refer to formats.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codec
Codec is a process of making a video file a smaller file so more memory are saved
but there is a loss of quality.

7. http://www.mistralsolutions.com/hs-downloads/tech-briefs/aug09-article-2.html