This document provides information about fingerprint patterns, including definitions and illustrations of loop patterns. It defines the key aspects of a loop pattern, including the sufficient recurve, delta, and ridge count. It illustrates ulnar and radial loop directions and provides examples of ridge counting on loop patterns. The goal is to classify fingerprint patterns by analyzing these aspects.

2. FBI MISSION STATEMENTThe mission of the FBI is to protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats, to uphold and enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and to provide leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners.

3. CJIS MISSION STATEMENTReduce terrorist and criminal activities by maximizing the ability to provide timely and relevant criminal justice information to the FBI and to qualified law enforcement, criminal justice, civilian, academic, employment, and licensing agencies concerning individuals, stolen property, criminal organizations and activities, and other law enforcement related data.

4. CJIS DIVISION

5. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------FINGERPRINT PATTERN RECOGNITION----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. Federal Bureau of InvestigationUnited States Department of JusticeIllustrations of Various Fingerprint PatternsThe presence or existence of whorls in finger impressionsis used as the basis for the determination of the chief or the primary classification.Each whorl appearing in an or all of the ten fingers has a certain arbitrary or fixed value. The addition of the values represented by such whorls and the indication of the total value is known as the primary classification. Illustrations of the whorl types which are shown on the right of this chart. Illustrations of the other types are shown on the left.PLAIN ARCHPLAIN WHORLTENTED ARCHCENTRAL POCKETRADIAL LOOPDOUBLE LOOPULNAR LOOPACCIDENTAL

7. FINGERPRINT PATTERN FREQUENCY

13. LOOPDefinition: A LOOP is that type of pattern in which one or more ridges enter upon either side, recurve, touch or pass an imaginary line between delta and core and pass out or tend to pass out upon the same side the ridge entered.

14. FLOW OF RIDGESULNAR LOOP ULNAR LOOP RADIAL LOOPTHE ABOVE PATTERNS SHOW THE DIRECTION RIDGES FLOW IF LOCATED IN THE RIGHT HAND.

15. FLOW OF RIDGESRADIAL LOOP ULNAR LOOP RADIAL LOOPTHE ABOVE PATTERNS SHOW THE DIRECTION RIDGES FLOW IF LOCATED IN THE RIGHT HAND.

16. THREE BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF A LOOP1. Sufficient Recurve2. Delta3. Ridge Count - Across a looping ridgeCORESUFFICIENTRECURVEDELTA3 COUNT LOOP

17. SUFFICIENT RECURVESSSS4.5.2.3.1.SSSSSSShoulders6.SS8.7.SSSSA SUFFICIENT RECURVE consists of the space between the shoulders of a loop free of any appendages which abutupon it at a right angle on the outside of the recurve.

18. SUFFICIENT RECURVE9.10.11.SSSSSSTHE SHOULDERS OF A LOOP are the points at which the recurving ridge definitely turns inward or curves.

19. APPENDAGEAttachment or ConnectionAn appendage striking the outside of the recurve at a right angle will spoil that recurve.

20. LOOP PATTERN AREATPATTERNAREATPATTERN AREA includes the CORE, DELTA, and RIDGES which are used in the classification of a loop.

21. TYPELINESTTTT

22. TYPELINESTTTTDefinition: The two innermost ridges that are parallel and surround or tend to surround the pattern area.

23. DELTATHE DELTA IS THAT POINT ON A RIDGE AT OR NEAREST THE POINT OF DIVERGENCE OF TWO TYPELINES, AND LOCATED AT OR DIRECTLY IN FRONT OF THE POINT OF DIVERGENCE.Area to be considered in front of the point of divergence of two typelines.

24. DELTASDOTMEETINGOF TWORIDGESBIFURCATIONSHORTRIDGEENDINGRIDGERECURVINGRIDGE

25. CORECORECORECORECORETHE APPROXIMATE CENTER OF THE PATTERNPLACED UPON OR WITHIN THE INNERMOST SUFFICIENT RECURVE.LOCATED ON THE SHOULDERS OF THE INNERMOST LOOP FARTHEST FROM THE DELTA.

26. CORECORECORECORECORELOCATED ON THE SPIKE OR ROD IN THE CENTER OF THE INNERMOST RECURVE, PROVIDED THE SPIKE OR ROD RISES AS HIGH AS THE SHOULDERS.

27. RIDGE COUNTING1 - Count 2 - Counts 3 - Counts1 1 2 21 2 2 2 2 1

28. RIDGE COUNTINGC04D04 - COUNTS

29. RIDGE COUNTINGC02D02 - COUNTS

30. RIDGE COUNTINGCD17 - COUNTS

31. 030203CCCDDDD020301CCCDDD

32. 040201CCCDDD010203CCCDDD

33. 020102CCCDDD01TT01CCC DDD

34. LOOPCD12 COUNTS

35. LOOPCD06 COUNTS

36. LOOPCD02 COUNTS

37. LOOPCD07 COUNTS

38. LOOPCD16 COUNTS

39. LOOPCD23 COUNTS

40. LOOPCD14 COUNTS

41. LOOPCD02 COUNTS

42. LOOPCD13 COUNTS

43. LOOPCD10 COUNTS

44. LOOPCD17 COUNTS

45. LOOPCD10 COUNTS

46. LOOPCD15 COUNTS

47. LOOPCD14 COUNTS

48. LOOPCD05 COUNTS

49. LOOPCD15 COUNTS

50. LOOPCD22 COUNTS

51. LOOPCD03 COUNTS

52. LOOPCD14 COUNTS

53. LOOPCD10 COUNTSJoin the two loops as one.

54. ULNAR LOOPUlnar Loops flow toward the little finger.02030301030302030203The direction of flow applies to the finger on the hand, not as they appear on the fingerprint card.

55. RADIAL LOOPRadial Loops flow toward the thumb.03 525303015501010153The direction of flow applies to the fingers on the hand, not as they appear on the fingerprint card.

56. NOTE:When a loop enters and exits from the THUMB side of the hand, the pattern will always be a “Radial Loop.”When a loop enters and exits from the PINKY finger, the pattern will always be an “Ulnar Loop.” There are NO exceptions to this rule!RIGHT HANDULNARADIUS

57. LOOP FREQUENCY

58. Questions?