Roles Of Policing Executives Using The Mintzberg Model Of...
When it comes to the Department of Justice, there are four agencies and each have major functions within them that hold great responsibility. The
Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the National Crime Information Center (NCIC) have purposes and various weaknesses in relations to one another.
There are major roles of policing executives using the Mintzberg model of chief executive officers. There are certain keys that are important toward a
chief executive officer's success. There are two legislative enactments that are effective when it comes to helping combat terrorism. There are problems
when determining the actual numbers of hate crimes and what makes hate crimes different from other crimes. Department of Justice has four agencies
that have major functions within them that hold great responsibility. These four agencies consist of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF), Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), and the United States Marshals Service
(USMS). There are three major roles that the FBI has. The first role is to use counterterrorism, which neutralize any terroristic acts and dismantling any
terroristic networking systems. Secondly, there is counterintelligence that prevents any investigations on intelligence activities that occur on U.S soil.
Lastly, there is foreign espionage which is spying on the government especially in regards to military, and economics (Peak, 2014 p.265). The FBI
analyzes
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Texas State House Bill 11
Executive Summary
Texas State House Bill 11, effective on September 1, 2015, requires the Hidalgo County Sheriff's Office and the McAllen Police Department to jointly
establish and operate the Texas Transnational Intelligence Center (TTIC). The TTIC will serve as a central repository of real–time information about
criminal activity in counties along the Texas border with Mexico, and counties in which a federal checkpoint is located.
The Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS) is required to assist in the establishment and operation of the center. Eachlaw enforcement agency in a
county along the border, in a county that contains a federal checkpoint, the Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission (TABC) and the Texas Park and
Wildlife Department (TPWD) are required to submit information regarding criminal activity within their jurisdiction to the TTIC.
The creation of the TTIC will permit law enforcement agencies along the border area with Mexico identify patterns that could reveal large, organized
criminal organizations and operations. The TTIC is necessary because some, but not all, agencies furnish information to the existing Joint Operations
Intelligence Centers (JOICs) due to way the JOICs are structured. Thus, the TTIC will provide law enforcement agencies, the Texas legislature, and the
public, a more complete picture of criminal activity in the border region.
The bill requires each Texas law enforcement agency to implement, by September 2019, an incident–based reporting

The Role Of Victimology In The United States
Victimology is defined as, "Victimology is the scientific study of victimization, including the relationships between victims and offenders, victims and
the criminal justice system, and victims and other social groups and institutions, such as the media, businesses, and social movements. Victimology
studies victims of crimes and other forms of human rights violations that are not necessarily crime." (US Legal, 2016) Victimology began in Europe
after World War II ended. In the early stages of victimology, it was stated thatvictim's attitude and conduct were the cause of criminal behavior. It
wasn't until the late 1960s when victimology increased in the United States. The first national victimization survey was conducted after an increase of ...
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The United States saw their safe house for battered women in the early 1970s which was the Women's Advocates in St. Paul, Minnesota. Women's
Advocates, which opened in 1973 was co–founded by Sharon Rice Vaughan and Susan Ryan. Vaughan and Ryan were tasked with starting a phone
service where women could call and ask questions about divorce and other family–law matters. According to Hamre, "quickly realizing that multiple
interrelated problems were usually at play, conducted a resource survey so they could give women at least a phone number to call about health care,
employment or other concerns. In the process, they learned there was no place for abused women and children to stay – other than a seedy hotel."
(2016) This is when they realized a house was needed for women and kids who were in a bad situation. The United States saw their first rape crisis
center in the early 1970s which was the Washington D.C. Rape Crisis Center. The Washington D.C. Rape Crisis Center, which opened in 1972 was
formed by grassroots activism. The Civil Rights movement has played a major role in antidiscrimination efforts and the establishment of hate crime
legislation and policy. Groups as well as individuals have banned together in efforts to change laws and pass new laws which pertained to hate
crimes. In 2009, the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act was passed. According to the Human Rights Campaign the
Hate Crimes Prevention Act was created due to, "federal law has covered a narrow class of hate crimes: those committed on the basis of race,
religion, national origin and because the victim was engaged in a federally protected activity, such as voting. This important civil rights law does not
cover crimes motivated by bias

Bsbwor501 Week 3 Assignment 1
Summary Paper Three Assignment
Write a summary review of Appendix A, B, C, and D from Intelligence Led Policing "The New Architecture" from Week 5.
Everyone utilize some type of resource to conduct his or her daily activities. The resources may vary from tools or assets that are available to help
being productive. The Appendix A, B, C, and D from Intelligence Led Policing "The New Architecture" shows the different resources available for
Law Enforcement Agencies that they can utilize in order to improve or to get answers if there are questions that needs to be addressed. This summary
paper will discuss each appendix, describe the resources available, and what are their purposes and functions to serve as a valuable resource for Law
Enforcement Agencies. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It contains various organizations and services such as International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP), Office of Community Oriented Policing
Services (COPS), Regional Information Sharing System (RISS), U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), etc. (Peterson, 2005). In terms of
intelligence, the IACP serves as a resource for police commanders and it's website provides intelligence policies, information on training workshops, and
publications. The International Association of Law Enforcement Intelligence Analysts, Inc. (IALEIA) is a non–profit organization that is comprised of
over 50 countries with about 1,800 members (Peterson, 2005). The members are analysts, intelligence officers, and police managers that are dedicated
to educating the police community about the benefits of intelligence and analysis (Peterson, 2005). IALEIA have also published documents pertaining
to intelligence and

Government Identity Theft Issues
Our government is doing a better job of assisting citizens when it comes to identity theft but there is much more to do. Below are my findings. Local
and national agencies are addressing the issues of identity theft. Local officials are able to concentrate on specific occurrences and alert their
constituents as needed. They are the first line of defense. City and county websiteshave links to useful information that citizens can utilize. Local
libraries and community centers offer classes and workshops on how to prevent identity theft and what consumers can do if theirs is stolen. National
authorities are able to assist citizens on a larger scale. They have access to crime clusters and are able to theorize where the next wave is coming
from. They are also able ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since computer crimes are highly specialized, we need a national database established and maintained that can keep law enforcement abreast of
technology and crime patterns. There are databases of tire treads, shoe prints, fingerprints, and DNA, it is way past time for such an inventory for
electronic crimes. This would assist law enforcement and cut down on the time it takes to identify suspects.
Different federal agencies would be able to collect, analyze, and share this data. Since each agency concentrates on a specific area of crime, the
collected data would be immense in size and stature. Sharing this information with foreign authorities promotes good will and the mutual exchange of
information. We must realize we live in a global community whose inhabitants have the ability to travel across many borders.
Continued education is needed across many venues. Federal departments need to keep their employees up to date. State and local agencies also need to
keep their employees educated. Seminars and workshops could reach more people in a shorter amount of time. Vendors could do demonstrations on
upcoming technology developed for

Pros And Cons Of Vaccines
"In 1953, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommended 16 doses of 4 vaccines by age 6. In 1983, it was 23 doses of 7 vaccines by age 6.
Today, the CDC recommends 69 doses of 14 vaccines by age 18, with 50 doses given by age 6" (qtd. in Loe Fisher). The purpose of a vaccine is to
prevent or ultimately eliminate a disease. And it makes sense to assume that if one increases the vaccination rate, those receiving it should be healthier.
However, this is not the case. Chairman of the World Mercury Project (WMP) and author of the book "Thimerosal", Robert F. Kennedy Jr states,
"children of the United States are the most vaccinated population in the world, however, they are most chronically ill demographic to ever exist" (qtd.
in Bollinger 36). Over the years, the vaccine schedule has risen, and perfectly correlating with this are the numbers of chronic illnesses. If there were no
risks involved with the current vaccine schedule, then this would not be such a controversial issue. There are mounting concerns associated with the
current vaccine schedule that include doctors not being educated and informed on the ingredients of a vaccine or what an adverse reaction might look
like. An examination of components of vaccines and the hepatitis B vaccine in particular, are crucial in understanding why vaccines are a concern.
Finally, conflicts of interest are evident within the CDC, and not enough studies are being conducted to determine their safety.
Background

Internet and Personal Privacy Essay
Internet and Personal Privacy
In the world of today most records can be easily accessed by a home computer. Even Governmental records can be viewed. Some believe this has
benefits, while others are screaming about invasion of privacy. Heated debates can go on for many hours about this topic. Each side has people who
devote all their time and energy to see their side of the argument prevail.
The Freedom of Information Act which was established in 1966 states that all people shall have access to federal records. This allows the public to be
kept abreast of the workings in the government. Any person may request a document, which the government must present, however, the government
can not synthesize a document. It is even possible to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr. This would not have been possible with the Freedom of Information Act.
There are nine exemptions to the Freedom of Information Act, national security, internal agency rules, information exempted by another federal statute,
trade secrets, internal agency memoranda, personal privacy, investigatory records, and other exemptions.
Does the public's right to know out weigh one's personal privacy? The personal computer does make privacy difficult. Databases have been created
simply to hold ones personal information, and many times these databases can be accessed by any computer–geek. One such database is the National
Crime Information Center (NCIC), created by Herbert Hoover. This database holds information on every American person ever arrested in the United
States.
How could this information not be beneficial? Many times the information is neither accurate nor complete. What could happen if the wrong hands
accessed these files, such as a possible employer? The computer has made this threat a reality. Ever wonder where junk mail comes from? Currently,
there is "a database of the names, addresses, and marketing information on 120 million residents of the United States". This information may not seem
very personal. But many times this simple information can lead to more personal information.
Privacy could still be invaded without the use of a computer; however, the computer has made it easier and faster. The

Summary: The Myth Of The National Criminal Database
The article I chose was the "The Myth of the National Criminal Database" and "National Crime Information Center". I knew that the FBI had some
large amounts of information, but never knew they worked with other branches of law enforcement that actively. The National Crime Information
Center, or NCIC was created mainly to share important information to the criminal justice professionals around the country. Currently there have been
over 12 million transactions of files every day in the NCIC system. When the files are put in the system than its store in a data system. It ensures that
the NCIC system is safe. The people who are part of the justice system can only access the system. The only way they are going to access the system
is by beginning

Issues With Intelligence-Led Policing (ILP)
"Intelligence–led policing (ILP) – a collaborative law enforcement approach combining problem–solving policing, information sharing, and police
accountability with enhanced intelligence operations" (Lambert 2010, 2). The main goal of the ILP is to reform police practices and improve the
effectiveness of current practices that are used to target and reduce violent crimes and create intelligence that targets investigations and tactical
responses to disrupt and reduce crime (Gibbs, McGarrell &Sullivan, 2015). ILP emphasizes the integration of information to help inform strategic
resource allocation and identify emerging trends and tactics associated with criminal activity. (Carter, Phillips & Gayadeen, 2014).
The idea of coupling intelligence ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fusion centers provide multidisciplinary expertise and situational awareness to decision makers at all levels of government. Fusion centers encourage
analysis and information sharing among local and state law enforcement agencies and homeland security partners with the aim of preventing and
responding to crime and terrorism (Bureau of Justice Assistance, U.S. Department of Justice, 2010). Fusion Centers put analysts from different
agencies and departments into one central location, and allows for the open sharing of information. The intelligence products produced from Fusion
Centers can provide a strategic picture of criminal activity within a region or state and influence policy makers and drive the decision–making process.
These same products can also drive how criminals are apprehended, and how operations and investigations will be planned and

Juvenile Justice And Delinquency Prevention Case Study
The Office of of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) established in 1980's has developed, funded, and evaluated community–based
anti–gang programs that direct prevention, intervention, enforcement, and reentry strategies. Knowing that that street gang behavior goes beyond
member ages, in October 2009, the Office of Justice Programs (OJP) merged its existing resources to create a new National Gang Center (NGC). By
developing a comprehensive approach to reduce gang involvement and gang crime, the NGC is the single most resourceful entity by providing
information to policymakers; law enforcement; researchers; training; and technical assistance and resources to practitioners and the public on a
national level. The Departments ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This program reflects a long–term collaboration between OJJDP and BGCA to reduce problems of juvenile gangs, delinquency, and violence. The
OJJDP provides training and technical assistance to regional and local community sites and to other clubs and organizations through training sessions
and national conferences. Every year OJJDP offer dozens of new gang prevention sites, gang intervention sites, and a targeted reintegration sites are
added to the many existing programs implementing these strategies across the country. (OJJDP) Many different programs or strategies have been
applied to tackle gang relationships, membership and gang–related crime. These strategies differ in focus according to location, goals, and types of
approach use. For example, some programs target prison based gang behavior while other programs are intended to prevent youths from joining gangs.
Community–based gang programs can be grouped into the following: prevention; intervention; and suppression approaches; or comprehensive, mixed
methods strategies.

Uncle Bob
Uncle Bob Case Scenario
CJ216–05 Computers, Technology, and CJ Info Systems 1101A March 2011 term, Tues 9pm
–10pm
Looking at the situation at hand it's was easy to that my Uncle Bob was in a sticky situation. Though he was caught for speeding it came to a
surprise that he was placed in back of the squad car. But then I realized that obliviously the charges that my uncle was facing in California were
obviously federal charges. For example, transporting minors cross state lines or transporting narcotics across state lines. When dealing with federal
charges they follow you know matter where you go. So when they pulled up the informatio from my uncle driver's license on the computer everything
came up along with his charges. And if ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the textbook it mention the mobile wireless fingerprint capture devices which can be used in the field during the traffic stops or at the crime scene
to determine in a matter of minutes whether or not an individual is wanted or if the individual has outstanding warrants. Now with Uncle Bob situation
they could've used this to determine if he was wanted or had warrants. The officers can use the cross match technology which is known by MV–5
mobile wireless capture device. The police agencies would use digital scanning device to verify suspect's identities. This digital scanning device will
improved the quality of information input into the system, which made the process quicker and safer for the officer and proved a safer environment
for the officers on duty. Uncle Bob could have federal warrants which can be outstanding. If he had committed or have been identified with an offense
it could be classified as a felony or a serious misdemeanor.
Overall, Uncle Bob could be a lesson to many people with felonies. When you cross state line doesn't mean you are free from charges. With the
computer systems and technologies that are available to authorities there really no way to hide from you crimes. Police have the authority to detain
you if you are fleeing charges and or have warrants in different states. The technology has become so advance these days it's hard

White Collar Crimes And Street Crimes
Crimes are one of the many things that all humans have in common. Whether it be a serious crime or not, everyone can commit a crime and go to
jail for it. There are two types of crime that can be considered complete opposites of each other. They are white collar crimes and street crimes.
White collar crimes are considered nonviolent crimes committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his/her
occupation such as fraud, embezzlement, or bribery. On the other hand, street crimes are any criminal offense in a public place which can be robbery
or burglary. There are many barriers proving the acceptability of one over the other. Lack of awareness, lack of education, and social class make
white–collar crimes more... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reducing awareness for these crimes can be seen throughout the whole criminal justice system. Just because one person committed a crime does not
mean the whole company is not a scam or that someone else is not doing the same. Most of the time it is the one person, but they will not truly
know until they investigate the whole business. The lack of statistics causes a decreasing amount of awareness of this crime by not having the
correct resources to see a trend. "The ICCC or Internet Crime Complaint Center is the current source of statistics regarding white collar crimes, which
primarily rely on victims to report victimization, that aids researchers who have created estimated figures describing the range of costs associated
with these crimes" (Martinez). If a report center relies on people's opinions, then some of the information could be false or tampered with. If the
statistics are relevant and correct, then the agents can look for a pattern in the numbers to see which crime was the highest and when. Having correct
statistics is one way to reduce the lack of awareness. Another way to reduce it is with the help of NW3C. It is a nonprofit organization that supports
agencies in preventing and investigating economic and high–tech crime. It offers many ways to help better the cooperation and coordination among
federal, state, and local agencies responsible for economic crime. NW3C stands for National White Collar Crime Center. Some of their

Police and National Crime Information
CRJ 120 MOD 1 HW
CRJ 120 MOD 1 HW
Jerry Irvin
Allied American University
Prof. Barbella
10/16/2014
Author Note This paper was prepared for CRJ 120, MOD 1 HW taught by Prof. Barbella.
PART I: SHORT RESPONSE
Directions: Please answer each of the following questions. Ensure that your responses are at least 1–2 paragraphs in length for each question. You may
include examples from the text; however, please include APA citations as necessary. Please visit the Academic Resource Center for a concise guide on
APA format.
1.Describe the colonial period's three legacies to contemporary policing. Then list and discuss two powerful trends in England and America that brought
about changes in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Department of Justice.
The agencies contained in the U.S. Department of Justice are: The FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation, which there modern priorities are:
1.Counterterrorism: to neutralize terrorist cells and operatives in the United States and to help dismantle terrorist networks worldwide.
2.Counterintelligence: exposing, preventing, and investigating intelligence activities on U.S. soil; foreign espionage strikes at the heart of national
security, impacting political, military, and economic strengths. 3.Cybercrime: to stop serious computer intrusions and the spread of malicious codes; to
identify and thwart online sexual predators who meet and exploit children and deal in child pornography; and to dismantle criminal enterprises
engaging in Internet fraud. This is only a brief description of the duties of the FBI which also consists of investigating bank robberies, white–collar
crimes, and organized crime and drug syndicates. The ATF (Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives) administers the U.S. Criminal

Code provisions concerning alcohol and tobacco smuggling and diversion. The ATF is also responsible for enforcing all federal laws relating to
firearms, explosives, and arson.
10.What are the agencies contained with the Department of Homeland Security, including their roles and functions?
1.The Directorate for National Protection and Programs consists of

National Security Agency Analysis
How the NSA and U.S. ICE Agencies Affect Digital Crime The National Security Agency (NSA) and the United States Immigration and Customs
Enforcement (ICE) both play crucial roles when it comes to combating and investigating cyber crimes. The NSA's primary responsibility is to create
and maintain computer–coding systems that protect sensitive information regarding U.S. information systems (Taylor, Fritsch, and Liederbach, 2015).
Along with their crucial role of protecting the United States' sensitive computer information, the NSA also provides specialized information system
training to both private and government entities (Taylor et al., 2015). The ICE Agency's responsibilities go far beyond physically protecting U.S.
Borders. The ICE Agency ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ICE is actually the Department of Homeland Security's main investigative firm (Taylor et al., 2015). According to Taylor et al. (2015), ICE is a
large agency consisting of about 15,000 employees whose responsibilities are "identifying and investigating weaknesses within the nation's borders,
developing intelligence concerning threats, removing foreign nationals, and enforcing over 400 federal statutes (p. 266). ICE plays a large role in
controlling and investigating computer crime because of how easy it is for cyber crimes to extend past the border of the country (Taylor et al., 2015).
ICE maintains the Cyber Crimes Center (C3) which consists of four sections: child exploitation, computer forensics, cyber crimes, and information
technology and administration (Taylor et al., 2015). Each subsection of the C3 has very specific goals related to fighting cybercrime. The Information
and Technology and Administration section of the C3 supports the other three branches of the C3 with technical and administrative services (Taylor et
al., 2015). The Child Exploitation Section's (CES) purpose is to investigate those who produce, distribute, and possess child pornography and also to
investigate cases of sex tourism (Taylor et al., 2015). The CES established Operation Predator, which has been highly successful in that it

Intelligence Community Research Paper
An insight look at the Intelligence Community Intelligence is a dependable instrument of its own to generate information that establishes the base of
National Security in the United States. Intelligence has been used since the beginning of history to provide information on enemy threats and how to
prevent a mass disasters. It has been used for wars, national security, military tactics, etc. Intelligence has been available since the revolutionary war and
our first president George Washington and other leaders of the world have used intelligence to protect their countries. Intelligence is the dominant and
the backbone of homeland Security and it is ceaseless learning about it. National Intelligence agents train tirelessly to fight and create... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Additionally, why is there some obstruction to this course of action? Department of Homeland Security originated the fusion center which is an
information sharing center determined to contribute intelligence among agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Central Intelligence
Agency, Department of Justice, the US military and local, state and other federal law enforcement. These agencies bring together intelligence to
investigate and analyze it. According to the fusion center and guidelines, "a fusion center is a successful and proficient instrument to exchange
intelligence and information that maximizes resources, streamlines operations, and improves the ability to fight crime and terrorism by evaluating data
from a diversity of sources." The importance to share information among all US intelligence agencies, law enforcement and military contributes to the
prevention of the most serious crimes and cyber–crimes. Quick and accurate information is one of the advantages of information sharing. Information
sharing outweighs vulnerability when being accessible to all law enforcement personnel and other intelligence agencies. Information sharing makes
criminal cases run smoother in an approach that all agencies receive the required feedback from a certain case. It can be trusted and reliable after
being collected and

The Case : Michelle Knight
1
The case: Michelle Knight
Michelle knight is a 34 year old Caucasian women who was born April 1981, later on moving to Cleveland Ohio where she was raised (Knight,
2015). Growing up she recalls not having a good relationship with her mother, she remembers "a chaotic childhood marked by neglect and abuse"
(Connors, 2014). In school she was bullied and eventually sexually assaulted "By a group of males "resulting in her dropping out of school and later
finding out her had become pregnant as a result of the assault (DURANTE, ROBSON & WARREN, 2013). Soon after she gave birth to a baby boy
she named joey, when joey was around two years old he was taken to the hospital and treated for a broken leg, Michelle stated that her mother's
boyfriend purposely did it while under the influence of drugs. (Anderson, 2013).Child protective services was called and joey was temporarily taken
out of Michelle's custody until further notice (Anderson, 2013).
On August 23, 2002 Michelle had a mandatory meeting with child protective services in order to have joey placed back in her care, already late
for court she stopped and asked for directions from a stranger later identified as Ariel Castro ( Connors, 2014).). She was lured her into his car with
fake intensions of him dropping her off at her appointment , Instead he drove to his house where he then held her captive for the next 11 years (
Connors, 2014). Michelle was forcefully "restrained and imprisoned", raped multiple times a day,

Essay on Preserve or Outlaw?
Capital punishment has been one of the most controversial issues in American history. Its complex history demonstrates how controversial the subject
is. Capital punishment is the verdict of execution as a punishment for a person or persons convicted of committing a crime. In 1972, the Supreme Court
determined that capital punishment violated the 8th Amendment of the United States Constitution's prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment.
However, this ruling did not last for long. In 1976, the court reestablished capital punishment as a legitimate means for punishment for criminals
convicted of heinous crimes (Williams). Since that time, 1,271 people have been executed as a result of a guilty verdict. Yet, 138 people in 26 states
have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, in 2010 the average murder rate of death penalty states was 4.6, while the average murder rate of states without the death penalty was 2.9.
In 2009, the rate among death penalty states was 4.9, compared to 2.8 in states without the death penalty. Lastly in 2008, the murder rate among death
penalty states was 5.2, in contrast to the 3.3 murder rate of states without the death penalty (Death Penalty Information Center, "Murder Rates
Nationally and by State").This simply proves that the death penalty alone does not diminish crime rates, and may even increase crime rates. In an
article by Ernest Van Den Haag, he also argues that the death penalty does not deter crime rates. Since the reinstatement of the death penalty until
1995, 5,760 death sentence judgments had been ruled. As of 1995, only 313 had been executed. The amount of appeals submitted by criminals on
death row procrastinates their date for execution for decades if not longer. It is not uncommon for some inmates to die of old age because the capital
punishment system is so time consuming and drawn out. Criminals are aware that the actual likelihood of a person being executed is minute, and as a
result it does not affect their decision–making in committing crimes (Van Den Haag). Some states have abolished the death penalty for "ordinary"
murders, but have retained it for the murder of police and prison staff. Those in favor of the death penalty advocate that capital punishment

Mass Media And Crime
Crime refers to violation of law that result in aggravated assault that causes injury to an individual or to the public and that may lead to destruction of
property and which is punishable by law in all the states and the Federal Government of the United States. In order to indict an offender, the crime must
justify three elements. First off, is the actus reus (conduct or the act); secondly, the mens rea (the mental state of the offender when he or she
committed the crime); and lastly, the relation between the act and the crime. This research will analyze the relationship that poverty, use of guns, drug
abuse, alcohol and the media influences various crimes in the United States.
Media and Crime
There has been numerous scientific literature materials that have been associated with media violence. This brings out the simple cause–and–effect
relation that exist between the media and the societal behavior and perception of mass media violence and crime. It is this vein, that mass media crime
has been attributed to the consequential outcomes of consumer behavior, attitude and character. Mass media–violence viewing that involves unhealthy
images, video games, films, and T.V series on the cable among other programs that justify murder, carjacking, robbery, abduction, rape and other
crimes. The media has therefore, contributed immensely to development of negative behavior and change of character and attitude especially among
the young children and the adolescents (Haerens, 2013).

Suicide Case Summary
Officers take armed suicidal male into custody without incident
Intial Report:Tuesday, August 11, 2015 10:00 PM
Chief Reporter: Gregory Mays, Stinger News Vegas Chief Photographer / Reporter: Michael Slyman, Stinger News Vegas
Southern Highlands (NV)
An armed suicidal subject was taken into custody after a brief standoff with police, Thursday.
The incident occurred near the Walgreens at Southern Highlands Parkway and Decatur Blvd. around
Metro police responded to reports of a male threatening suicide at the location. The unidentified male was very upset and at one point told police that
he wanted police units to shoot him.
The male was armed with a hand gun that

Essay on SHELTER FROM THE STORM
SHELTER FROM THE STORM Domestic Violence is a prevalent issue facing men and women in the United States. The only way to put an end to
domestic violence is to acknowledge it and report it. With the help of the government, local charities and the concern of Tucson community members,
many different resources have been created to help and support victims of domestic violence as well as rape. Every year in the United States hundreds
of thousands of domestic violence crimes are committed, many of which go unreported. According to a National Crime Victimization survey, "over
two–thirds of violent victimization against women were by someone known to them"(Bachman, pg.1). Approximately 5% were relatives other than
husbands, 35% ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These numbers are very alarming, but even more alarming is the countless domestic violence occurrences that go unreported each year. Too many
people experience some degree of domestic violence and go without reporting it due to fear, insecurity, and even not knowing whom to turn to. There
is no excuse for domestic violence, and there is definitely no excuse for not reporting it.
There has been improvement within the Tucson community of reporting domestic violence. In 1991, Pima County Juvenile Court was faced with 431
referrals, by 1998 there were 1,210. According to Pima County Attorney Barbara LaWall, the Victim Witness program deals with 2,400 victims of
domestic violence a year. "It's the fastest–growing crime among Pima County juveniles, she added"(Cook). In actuality, it is the fastest–growing
reported crime. With the increased rate of reports there has been an increased rate of support to those in need. Now that it is apparent that there is help
available, the question to answer is: "Where do I turn now?" The following groups have created shelters and places to turn when someone has become
the victim of domestic violence.
The U.S. Department of Justice has created an office strictly for the purpose of violence against women. The web site has a thorough list of
information regarding domestic violence. There are links to available help, information on grant programs across the nation and the Federal Legislation
and Regulations. Some of the grant

Uniform Crime Report
According the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Report and the contrasting Department of Justice's National Crime Victimization
Survey, both reports show a steady reduction in violent crimes over the past two decades. Both reports are released annually and are comprised of
statistical data of reported crime or victimization surveys of sample populations from across the country (Karmen, 2016). Though the information
contained in both reports as statistically accurate as possible, a figurative spin can be placed on the information and data can be skewed to
misrepresent the true picture of crime, so according to (Karmen, 2016), all statistical data but be viewed with some scientific scrutiny. Even though the
data from both annual

Law Enforcement Innovations in Reaction to The 9/11...
The terrorist attacks to the World Trade Center towers in New York City on September 11, 2001 has changed the way federal, state and local police
departments communicate with each other, their structures, and operations. The new federal organization known as Homeland Security set out to
coordinate their work at the state level, collect, analyze and share pertinent information and intelligence, protect key infrastructure and assets, secure the
nation's borders and ports, team up with federal and local task forces, and prepare new response training, equipment, systems and strategies (Foster and
Cordner, 2005). The Federal Bureau of Investigation also shifted focus from addressing traditional crimes to preventing terrorist attacks. This is ... Show
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Further, local agencies saw about a 70 percent increase in airport security and high gains of over 60 percent in intelligence gathering, analysis and
dissemination and the security of key infrastructures. 15 areas of increased activity were mentioned with increases varying from five to over 95
percent for both state and local departments. Also, local agencies reported a high increase in the reallocation of resources required for terrorist
prevention.
State communication with the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Office of Domestic Preparedness and the Immigration and Naturalization Service
increased 70 – 80 percent (Foster and Cordner, 2005). In connection, local communication with the FBI, Office of Domestic Preparedness and the ATF
increased between 50 and 65 percent. Additionally, state–level training for local agencies increased along with resources allotted to such practices.
Many states are funding intelligence fusion centers that can improve the collection, analysis and dissemination of information (Foster and Cordner,
2005). These centers would include computerized systems, new intelligence analysts and federal, state, and local law enforcement personnel. Three
examples of such centers in place are the Arizona Counter Terrorism Information Center, the Upstate New York Regional Intelligence Center and the
Washington State Joint Analytical Center. Notably, there is a high demand for intelligence analysts and investigators

The Class Sequence Could Be Improved
The class sequence could be improved. Some of the classes seemed, either out of sequence or the information provided would have been better
understood if presented first in another class. I believe Ofc. Marlin tried to sequence these better but had difficulty with coordinating the schedules of
the instructors. When possible, give the training a higher priority and schedule early enough to minimize last–minute changes. This would benefit the
training, the students, and Ofc. Marlin. Toward the end of the academy, it seemed Ofc. Marlin was struggling to complete all class requirements before
graduation. The Personal Safety and Defense, as with some of the other topics, was apportioned throughout the training. This was good and allowed for
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I am greatly appreciative of both sections this practical training. It was good to have the General Order, Special Order, and other regulatory
organization presented early. The general concept of state laws, arrests, and violations was early but it would have been helpful to have had the
legal class around the same time. When presented, the legal class was very "lawyerly"; meaning somewhat dry and rote. A little more discussion
might have been helpful. Public Speaking was a good class. It adequately presented the necessary information and allowed us an opportunity to
practice in class. Detective Shirley and Office Yates did a good team job in the presentation. Interpersonal Communication was also a good class.
Ofc. Jones did a good job on the presentation. I 'm not sure why he presented this information twice. Verbal Judo was a very important class and
Detective Richardson presented it well. This information was also adequately covered in the test/evaluations. As in Personal Safety and Defense,
several sessions covered report writing. This is good because it allowed for some of the lessons to sink in before adding more information. Sgt
Patrick presented the topic very well. The computer skills training were very minimal. I suggest a significant bit of more time be included to cover
some of the other programs we will encounter. KYOPS and collision investigation and reporting was generally

Post 9/11 Intelligence Community Analysis
How should local law enforcement agencies (LEAs) be integrated into working with a Post 9/11 Intelligence Community? There have been some ideas
thrown around ranging from local LEA's creating intelligence departments of their own that have direct access to intelligence and products available to
the IC, to the creation of a national police force that operates like the British MI5. Ideas like these may seem prudent, but they require significant
changes to constitutional law, massive funding and restructuring, and the need to allow classified information to be accessed by officers who may not
be trustworthy with the access.
"In the modern era, law enforcement agencies necessarily engage in a range of intelligence–related activities associated with their broad crime control
and public safety mission," (Logan 2015). Police officers receive extensive training in interview techniques and investigations that make them natural ...
All agencies need to receive more information from federal agencies such as the DEA, ATF, and FBI, as well as be given more information from
dedicated intelligence organizations that come across information that directly affects local jurisdictions. There isn't a need to create a department
focusing on intelligence within each LEA. Most agencies if not all, cannot afford to take valuable officers off the street, and stick them behind a desk
to perform intelligence analysis, when they are needed to investigate crimes. Detectives serve as a type of intelligence department communicating with
federal investigators on trends, patterns, and analysis of information/evidence. Most agencies cannot afford to hire civilian staff to fill positions within
an intelligence department, and most don't have the money to spend on large numbers of officers and civilians to obtain a security clearance that
would allow them access to classified

The Case : Michelle Knight
1
The case: Michelle Knight
Michelle knight is a 34 year old Caucasian women who was born April 1981, later on moving to Cleveland Ohio where she was raised (Knight,
2015). Growing up she recalls not having a good relationship with her mother, she remembers "a chaotic childhood marked by neglect and abuse"
(Connors, 2014). In school she was bullied and eventually sexually assaulted "By a group of males "resulting in her dropping out of school and later
finding out her had become pregnant as a result of the assault (DURANTE, ROBSON & WARREN, 2013). Soon after she gave birth to a baby boy she
named joey, when joey was around two years old he was taken to the hospital and treated for a broken leg, Michelle stated that her mother's boyfriend
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She was physically tortured and chained to a bed in different areas in Castro's home on a dirty mattress, naked with no blankets even through the
winter (Connors, 2014). She was forced to "use a bucket for a toilet that he hardly emptied and was not given the chance to shower or wash herself, for
the first eight months" of captivity (Connors, 2014).
2
Michelle was isolated in a room for almost over a decade, during this time she was beaten, raped some times more than two times a day (Connors,
2014). She was impregnated more than 4 times by Ariel Castro, each time she had become pregnant he would starve her and beat her "with a
barbell" causing her to miscarry the baby each time (Knight, 2015). Over the years Michelle would have visions of her and Joey having
conversations, and playing in the snow together, she never let a birthday pass she always remembered every one (Kalymnios & Tolkin, 2015).
On May 6, 2013 nearly 11 year after being held prisoner she was finally found by authorities, due to her health condition at the time she was
immediately hospitalized since she had not been to a doctor since she was 21 (Knight, 2015). She was told she had a life threatening bacterial
infection in her stomach that was eating it away and the doctors were unsure if she was going to make it or not, luckily they found her in time
(Mitchell, 2015). Doctors also told her that

Pros And Cons Of Uniform Crime Report
UCR or known as the Uniform crime reports is an annual report published by the FBI in the DOJ, which is meant to estimate most of the major
street crimes in the United States.The main purpose of the UCR is basically to collect as many crimes or reliable crimes that come up as crime
statistics so it can be used in our law enforcement administration. The Ucr is a very helpful tool for the law. The system was created in 1929. It
provided information for criminologists,sociologists, and even the media. The Ucr mostly concentrates on assaults and robberies. The NIBRS or the
national incident based reporting system is the system that the government uses for gathering data about recent or past crimes. The system has a lot of
purposes but one of the main purposes' is to evaluate the crimes associated with any current culture of violence theories.... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Another measure of crime is the NCVS. The NCVS or the national crime victimization survey is a primary measure of crime in the U.S. it is
collected not only by the DOJ but also the Census Bureau. The main purpose of the NCVS was to gather information that was not reported to the
law. The NCVS was acknowledge and founded in 1972 by the National Opinion Research Center. An interesting fact about the NIBRS is that the
survey is done twice a year at random.Measuring crime is essential believe it or not. How are we going to know which crimes have risen and which
crimes have not. We measure crime for various reasons. One of those reasons' is explanation. how are we going to know what happened at the crime
scene. It is also used for evaluation, that addresses criminal activity. Crime statistics are commonly known to be used for political purposes. NCVS has
a lot in

Gun Control: Annotated Bibliography
Frates, Chris. "The Gun Debate Isn't Over Yet." National Journal (2013): Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Web. 31 Oct. 2013.
In this article written by Chris Frates, the author talks about how democrats and republicans are going back, and forth on gun control laws. Both
parties are finding it difficult to come to an agreement. While leaving republicans asking the question "How do you take away Americans 2nd
Amendment?" It's a tricky situation as republicans, and congress continue to try find loop holes in the system to force stricter gun control laws.
Despite efforts toward compromise, some Republicans doubt that any gun legislation will pass, with or without the support of some GOP (Grand Old
Party) senators. As one senior ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This article shows us how the gun–regulation fight is at a political stalemate. No one is making a move, and the lawmaking process is at a standstill.
Congress is simply reflecting a divided public. In recent Associated Press polls almost half of Americans (49 percent) think gun laws should be
stricter. The other half (48 percent) think gun laws should remain as they are or be even less strict. So basically until either side raises in votes, new
gun control laws will not be getting passed anytime soon.
Kessler, Glenn. "The NRA's claim that Joe Biden's gun advice is illegal." The Washington Post 25 Feb. 2013. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center.
Web. 7 Oct. 2013
In this article written by Glenn Kessler, the author talks about the best weapon for self–defense. Information is given about the differences between
assault rifles, (AR–15 AK–47's) and shot guns; and which would be better in a home invasion. Joe Biden encourages people to use a shotgun if they feel
threatened in any way. He states "If you want to protect yourself, get a double–barrel shotgun. Have the shells for a 12–gauge shotgun, and I promise
you as I told my wife, we live in an area that's wooded and somewhat secluded. I said, Jill if there's ever problem, just walk out on the balcony here,
walk out, put that double–barrel shotgun and fire two blasts outside the house. I promise you whoever's coming in is not going. You don't need

Internet Crime and Moral Responsibility
Internet Crime and Moral Responsibility
Internet Crime and Moral Responsibility3
Introduction3
What is Internet Crime?3
Types of Crimes3
Phishing3
Child Pornography4
Cyber Stalking5
Computer Intrusion5
Denial of Service Attacks and Cyber War5
Identity Theft6
Whose responsibility is it to report these crimes?7
Reporting agencies8
Conclusion8
References9 Internet Crime and Moral Responsibility
Introduction
The Internet is the technological genius of the computer age. Although the Internet is a phenomenal tool, providing access to the world, it has also
become a Shangri–La for criminals. The Internet because of the ability to remain anonymous is the perfect playground for this type of mayhem. This ...
Users need to be informed that if they receive an email that appears to be from the institution or business, they need to contact the company in regards
to the validity of the email. This should be reiterated to users monthly to help insure the reduction of personal information being gathered unlawfully.
Child Pornography
Child Pornography is the abuse of innocent children that has been put on display and oftentimes sold for a profit. It is used largely by pedophiles to
help lure other children into illicit relationship situations that no child should ever have to endure. Because the Internet provides global access, the
number of sex offenders using this avenue has dramatically increased, allowing them greater access to innocent victims.

Child pornography is illegal in the United States regardless of whether it is being sold, viewed, saved on a computer or copied. Other countries have
varying laws regarding child pornography where it is illegal to produce it but not to have it stored on a computer that you own. Although laws may be
in place to protect against child pornography across the global community, those laws are not always enforced. Some countries have no laws at all
against child pornography, making those countries a haven for distribution.
The two agencies responsible for handling reports

Collaboration For Deter Youth Gang Violence
Collaboration to Deter Youth Gang Violence
Collaborative Project Final Report
Douglas Immler, Tinamarie Knowlton, Jon Mast
University of South Florida
School of Public Affairs
Author Note This project was prepared for PAD 6934 Collaborative Governance, taught by Professor Robin Ersing.
Abstract
In recent times, public officials, community groups and activists have expressed their concern over the growth of violence perpetrated by youth gangs.
On their own, local governments are often restricted not only by budgetary constraints, but operating knowledge. There is evidence that when public
officials and community groups are engaged, empowered and enlightened in a collaborative effort, change happens. When both the public and private
sectors willingly cooperate together, deterrence of gang violence can be achieved. This paper delves into specific government programs that studies and
provides information on gang violence. This information brings forward specific limitations and recommendations that a continued collaborative effort
can deter youth gang violence.
Issue and Goal
When addressing public safety issues, one might assume that the most obvious approach encompasses an elementary and uncomplicated strategy
involving strictly law enforcement practitioners. A seemingly straightforward approach however is in actuality nonexistent. While allocating additional
resources (like personnel and physical security assets)

Victim Advocate Research Paper
Victims Advocate Program According to the National Center for Victims of a Crime (2012), "a victim's advocate is a trained professional who
facilitates assistance needed to victims during a crisis" (para. 1). The victims advocate will provide crisis intervention, referrals, and ongoing
non–clinical support to the victim (National Center for Victims of a Crime, 2012). The victim is the one who will choose whether to accept the offer of
victim advocacy services. The advocate is a powerful tool used by law enforcement by supporting, assisting, and guiding the victim through the process.
The Role of the Victim Advocate The victims advocate will always exercise sensitivity with regard to the victim at all times, but will never counsel the
victim

The Importance Of Government Privacy
The government, that is responsible for protecting citizens, has the power to spy and monitor people. Sometimes, surveillances are useful for catching
criminals. Oftentimes, over monitoring individuals may violates personal freedoms and sometimes the government over exceeds its boundaries to
obtain personal information. There are four types of privacy–related activities that a federal, state, and local government can have control over. The first
activity deals with collection of information of individual citizens. After the collection of this information, a government may store, manipulate, or use
this data against someone. Third, this collected information may spread to other agencies. Finally, sharing personal information may disrupt someone's
daily activities and solitude. There are various ways in which the government and law enforcement can gather information of private citizens. For
example, census records collect information about households related to ethnicity, language, marital status, or lifestyles. Other collection gathering
methods like the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) collects names, social security numbers, income, and assets of each US worker. Some collection
records are also necessary to detect potential criminals. For instance, the FBI National Crime Information Center 2000 (NCIC) contains 13 million
records of potential stolen automobiles, stolen license plates, missing guns, other stolen goods, and missing persons records. Another way to detect

Uncle Bob Essays
Technology seems to develop at the speed of time. There is always something new and exciting on the horizon that someone is talking about. The last
place that you would think you would have a negative experience with technology is on vacation; trying to enjoy the sun atmosphere of a place other
than home. This is exactly what happened to my Uncle Bob; he was stopped for speeding in Florida. He answered the Law Enforcement Officers'
questions calmly and was then placed into the back of his cruiser.
The process by which the Officer obtained the information is very routine; personal, one–on–one conversation. Many people do not realize it but when
they are talking to an officer of the law, that person is constantly being evaluated; verbal... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, a law enforcement officer can search NCIC during a traffic stop to determine if the vehicle in question is stolen or if the driver is a
wanted by law enforcement. The system responds instantly. However, a positive response from NCIC is not probable cause for an officer to take
action. NCIC policy requires the inquiring agency to make contact with the entering agency to verify the information is accurate and up–to–date" (http:
//www.fbi.gov/about–us/cjis/ncic/ncic, 2010).
Uncle Bob could have been detained for many reasons; a bench warrant for a failure to appear for example. The more severe cases may be a felony
warrant for drugs, sexual assault, battery, burglary, etc. But at the end of the day it is on the arresting agency to confirm the accuracy of the
information that they discover when running his personal data. They need to ensure that what they discover is correct and current. They do this by
contacting the agency who provided that original information.
The main issues I have with this situation is that Uncle Bob has never left the state of California and for him to have to travel all the way to Florida to
get arrested seems a little far–fetched to me. The arresting agency would have to provide thorough due diligence to ensure that it was a good arrest. Did
the person sought after ever commit a crime in another state, was the local LEA provided a photograph of the other Uncle Bob, was my Uncle Bob
hiding something? All great questions

Intelligence-led Policing and Information Sharing
Intelligence–led policing is the new standard of information sharing among law enforcement agencies across the country at all levels. Before
intelligence–led policing gained popularity most law enforcement agencies did not freely share information amongst each other, which lead to huge
gaps in the functioning of law enforcement agencies. Many believe that this laps in sharing is what lead to the 9/11 disaster. Allpolice agencies must
form a cohesive approach to a central system of intelligence gathering and information dissemination. By doing so, they may better achieve a common
goal for the unified approach to policing. This process of intelligence–led police may seem like a simple concept, but it involve the many departments
working together which can cause confusion and angst among them.
Intelligence–led policing can be traced back to the United Kingdom (UK). In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the UK saw an increase in crime,
domestic terrorist threats, and was also being pushed towards being more fiscal conservative. One of the first applications of ILP occurred in 1995 by
Chief Constable Sir David Phillips of the Kent Police. He was seeking to institute a more strategic approach to problem–solving by promoting greater
intelligence gathering allocating resources toward proactive criminal intelligence analysis. These efforts focused more towards burglary and vehicle
theft, and looked to move beyond reactive responses to specific incidents. The actions performed

Intelligence Led Policing
I.Introduction Intelligence–led policing (ILP) is an aspect of community policing that is effective and impactful. This report will go into detail on the
definition of the topic, as well as an overview of the various agencies using and implementing intelligence–led policing. Going into further detail, this
report will discuss the relationship between intelligence–led policing and our very own San Antonio Police Department.
II.Intelligence–Led Policing: A Definition According to the Bureau of Justice Assistance, intelligence
–led policing is a "collaborative enterprise based
on improved intelligence operations and community–oriented policing and problem solving, which the field has considered beneficial for many years"
(Peterson, 2005). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A variety of agencies have utilized it and have found significant improvements. However, it is important for agencies to remember that ILP does
not "overlay, overshadow, or replace community policing and problem solving or the broader community era in which policing now functions,"
rather ILP is a tactic "within community policing and problem solving" (Peak & Glensor, 2012, p. 312). In our course textbook, ILP is referred to
as a "management tool" that provides a "new evolution for better doing the work of community policing and problem solving in an information age"
(Peak & Glensor, 2012, p. 312). ILP is indeed a powerful tool that can make a big impact in an agency and community's

Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
Uniform Crime Report (UCR
The Uniform Crime Report (UCR) came into place in the year 1929 with an objective of creating a detailed report on the crimes in the United States
of America. Since its inception, publication on different crimes have been made available every year, and crime data is now available for detailed
analysis.
A major advantage of UCR is that it provides the state and the law enforcement organs with data necessary for formulation of annual budgets, resource
planning as well as management and evaluation of police operations. Maxfield, (1999). UCR organizes and provides data to different criminal justice
researchers to study the nature ,probable cause of and movement of crimes. UCR is also identified as a very important reporting

Statistics : Collecting Crime Statistics
THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON
Collecting Crime Statistics
Rebekah VanDijk
CRCJ 2334.002
Professor Carpenter
20 October 2014
Collecting Crime Statistics Law enforcement agencies use three different sources to collect crime statistics. They use official statistics, victimizations
surveys, and self–report surveys as their main sources of collecting data. The University of Texas at Arlington and the University of Texas at Austin
both have pretty similar crime statistics.
Official statistics include the UCR, Uniform Crime Report, and NIBRS, National Incident–Based Reporting System. UCR is a summary based
reporting system that collects data on the eight index crimes, murder, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, theft, auto theft, and arson.
The UCR is published annually by the FBI, but the data is collected by law enforcement agencies all around the United States. UCR looks at trends
of crime and gives statistics of crime in certain areas. Three weaknesses of the UCR is it only reports the highest crime committed, so if someone
commits burglary and murders someone in the process the UCR will only report the murder, it only reports crimes known to the police, and not all
crimes are reported to enhance the view of cities and areas. Although the UCR has weaknesses, it also has its strengths. Three strengths of UCR are
that it has multiple years of data available, almost all law enforcement agencies use this to report crimes, and helps law

Benefits Of Intelligence-Led Policing
Having the ability to gather information and communicate it quickly and efficiently is of the upmost importance in policing. The use of
intelligence–led policing (ILP) can greatly benefit all those involved, as it provides information from local levels all the way to the federal level by
sharing information. Intelligence is the gathering and processing of information from various sources, and with terrorism and crime rates so prominent
in society today, ILP are more aware of what is going on and have the means to make a difference. ILP is invaluable as it allows "policing agencies to
better understand their crime problems, thus enabling them to make informed decisions on how best to approach specific crime challenge" (Budhram,
2015 para.11). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
That is why fusion centers can be so important in gathering and storing information that they can share with the different departments in order to
prevent and even solve crimes as long as they are doing it ethically and morally.
References
Fusion centers should include cybersecurity focus, NGA says. , July 27. (2015). Cybersecurity Policy Report, 20, Retrieved from http:/
/ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/login?url=http://go.galegroup.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/ps
/i.do?p=ITOF&sw=w&u=vic_liberty&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA424990579&sid=summon&asid=ab3a5551774084ffe852cd8f8365b9ab.
Budhram, T. (2015). Intelligence–led policing: A proactive approach to combating corruption. SA Crime Quarterly, (52), 49
–55, doi:http://dx.doi.org
/10.4314/sacq.v52i1.5.
Lambert, D. (2010, December). Intelligence–Led Policing in a Fusion Center. Retrieved from Federal Bureau of Investigatino (FBI): https://leb.fbi.gov
/2010/december/intelligence–led–policing–in–a–fusion–center
Schmalleger, F. (2015).Criminal justice today: An introductory text for the 21st Century (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice

How Does Technology Affect Police
Businesses have been led to rely greatly on technology for many different reasons such as performance advancements, quality control, manpower
assistance, and workmanship enhancements, just to name a few. Law enforcement and policing is no different. Although community relations and
crime fighting are amongst the most important aspects of police work, new forms of technology are being created to assist police departments in all
aspects of police work. With rising crime rates and lower police manpower, technology advancements are being welcomed by communities and police
departments around the world.
Communities are demanding more police assistance and a large police presence to help fight and deter crime. However, police departments are
suffering with low manpower and resources. This causes a disconnect between the community and the police who face these challenges. Over a
decade ago, police agencies started researching the bigger picture of technology in an attempt to supplement lower manpower and gain community
assistance. Law enforcement officials say applications such as surveillance cameras and license plate recognition systems (LPR) allow them to do
more with less. They have credited the technology with providing breaks in many cases. Virginia State Police found the man who killed a TV news
crew during a live broadcast last year after his license plate was captured by a reader (Jouvenal). These tools provide a lot of data that is turned into
actionable information for

Field Intelligence Essay
September 11, 2001, shown America how vulnerable they were. We failed short in so many ways, such as the lack of information sharing internally or
externally that push us to a new era of concern to protect the United States from terrorism. Intelligence serves as a critical factor in decision making,
planning, strategic targeting, and crime prevention. That event sparked a collaborative partnership with state and local law enforcement agencies, the
DHS Office of Intelligence and Analysis, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Field Intelligence Group (FIG) and Joint Terrorism Task Forces
(JTTF), and the National Guard, as well as civilian analysts, members of the military and private companies to form the fusion center to focus on
national ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I think the fusion centers should be applied to the smaller police departments due to national security. At this point, no entity should be exempt from
fighting the war on terrorism or crime to keep our citizens safe. Furthermore, to make this connection with the fusion centers the law enforcements must
have the understanding of the current intelligences and threats. Our nation focuses on the evolving threat levels from the borderlines of America to
capturing homegrown radical extremists in our communities. We cannot discount any threat to the U.S. soil. Although, there may be some scuffle
between the law enforcement agencies' structure, mission and day to day operation with fusion centers initiatives on an all–crimes and/or all–hazards
approach. Over time, they will sync their efforts due to the fusion centers having an extra set of eyes to detect and terminate unusual behaviors and
activity before it manifests into a more serious offense against the United States. But most importantly, having a partnered relationship will be
beneficial to all by sharing information could possibly cut done on wasted time to focus more on important issues. It is imperative for them to find
common ground to accomplish the mission that is critical to the safety of our

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