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4. CONCEPTS, ASPECTS & CHANGES IN
CULTURE AND SOCIETY
GOAL
Discuss the nature, goals and
perspective in of anthropology,
sociology and political science
Specifically:
The main objective is to
discuss and understand the
holistic observation on social,
political and cultural
changes/phenomena in these
critical times. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
13. Lets Begin
Major Elements of Culture
Cultural Groups
Social Process
Different Societies
Cultural Trends
14. Culture
is an umbrella term which encompasses the social
behavior and norms found in human societies, as
well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws,
customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals
in these groups. - wikipedia
the arts and other manifestations of human
intellectual achievement regarded collectively. –
online dictionary
is the characteristics and knowledge of a
particular group of people, encompassing
language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music
and arts. ... The word "culture" derives from a
French term, which in turn derives from the Latin
"colere," which means to tend to the earth and
grow, or cultivation and nurture
15. What Makes
Up Your Culture?
Culture is made up of the values, beliefs,
underlying assumptions, attitudes, and
behaviors shared by a group of people.
Culture is the behavior that results when a
group arrives at a set of—generally
unspoken and unwritten—rules for how
they will work together.
17. Symbols
are the basis of culture.
is an object, word, or action that stands for
something else with no natural relationship
that is culturally defined.
Everything one does throughout their life
is based and organized
through cultural symbolism.
Symbolism is when something represents
abstract ideas or concepts.
Some good examples of
symbols/symbolism would be objects,
figures, sounds, and colors.
18.
19. Language Language always carries meanings and references beyond
itself: The meanings of a particular language represent
the culture of a particular social group.
To interact with a language means to do so with
the culture which is its reference point.
... A particular language points to the culture of a particular
social group.
20. What is cultural
language
a language that is learned by many members of
other speech communities for the sake of access to
the culture of which it is the vehicle.
Language in Philippines. Filipino (based on Tagalog)
is the national language, although it is the native
tongue of less than a quarter of the
population. English is widely spoken, Spanish much
less so. There are around 170 indigenous languages
in total, with hundreds more dialects.
The Philippines has 8 major dialects. Listed in the
figure from top to bottom:
Bikol
Cebuano
Hiligaynon (Ilonggo),
Ilocano
Kapampangan
Pangasinan
Tagalog
Waray
21. Norms
• Norms are something that is usual, typical,
or standard.
They are most commonly defined as rules
or expectations that are socially enforced.
Norms may be prescriptive (encouraging
positive behavior; for example, “be
honest”) or proscriptive (discouraging
negative behavior; for example, “do not
cheat”).
22. Some
examples of
Gender-
Specific Norms
Include the
following
Girls wear pink; boys wear blue.
Men should be strong and not show
emotion.
Women should be caring and nurturing.
Men should do repairs at the house and be
the one to work and make money while
women are expected to take care of the
housework and children.
23. What are the
norms of
society?
Every society has expectations about how its members
should and should not behave.
A norm is a guideline or an expectation for behavior.
Each society makes up its own rules for behavior and
decides when those rules have been violated and
to do about it.
24. Values
Values are a person's or society's beliefs
about good behavior and what things are
important
26. Artifacts an object made by a human being, typically an
item of cultural or historical interest. "gold and
silver artifacts"
something observed in a scientific investigation
or experiment that is not naturally present but
occurs as a result of the preparative or
investigative procedure.
29. Community
a social unit of any size that shares
common values.
Communities range in size and scope
from neighborhoods to national
communities to international
communities.
They can be physical (face-to-face) or
virtual (online).
30. People
a plurality of persons considered as a
whole, as is the case with an ethnic group
or nation.
Collectively, for example, the
contemporary Frisians and Danes are two
related Germanic peoples, while various
Middle Eastern ethnic groups are often
linguistically categorized as the Semitic
people.
31. Ethnic Group
socially defined category of people who
identify with each other based on common
ancestral, social, cultural or national
experience.
Membership of an ethnic group tends to be
defined by a shared cultural heritage,
ancestry, origin myth, history, homeland,
language and/or dialect, symbolic systems
such as religion, mythology and ritual,
cuisine, dressing style, physical
appearance, etc.
32. Society
a group of people involved in persistent
interpersonal relationships, or a large
social grouping sharing the same
geographical or social territory, typically
subject to the same political authority and
dominant cultural expectations.
Human societies are characterized by
patterns of relationships (social relations)
between individuals who share a
distinctive culture and institutions; a given
society may be described as the total of
such relationships among its constituent
members.
33. Civilization
any complex society characterized by
urban development, social stratification,
symbolic communication forms (typically,
writing systems), and a perceived
separation from and domination over the
natural environment.
34. Mechanism of Change
With a society changing as fast as the society found inside America, sociologist found it easiest to
predict changer based on three essential "social processes". These processes are the causes that
result in significant social change.
36. Discovery:
"the process by which something is
learned or reinterpreted".
influences change by causing people to
learn new things which may change their
viewpoints, or change their routine to
better themselves based off of the new
information found through discovery.
For example, when early explorers began
to explore the ocean, they discovered that
the Earth wasn't flat, but rather was round.
This lead to new maps being printed, as
well as new waterways and trade-routes
developing due to new exploration under
the idea that there was no "end of the
Earth" to fall off of.
37. Invention
"the creation of something new from
previously existing items or processes".
Invention changes society by providing it
with new items and ideas which continue
to evolve into easier, more efficient
processes.
For example, when the airplane was
invented, it lead to faster transportation,
and space exploration.
Inventions serve as indicators as to how
fast a society will change due to the fact
that the ore inventions existing, then the
more inventions can be developed from
THOSE inventions, and so forth.
38. Diffusion
“the process by which one culture or society
borrows from another culture or society”.
is widely influenced by the contact that one
society has with another; the more interaction
societies have, the easier their cultures will
begin to bleed together.
Of course, an element from one culture has to
blend well with the life and activities of another
before it is adopted.
Diffusion has occurred within America several
times, such as when the English settlers
developed new planting and harvesting
methods from the Native Americans; the
Native American’s culture provided the settlers
with a means of survival, and therefore the
settlers easily adopted their culture.
39. SOCIETY
is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing
the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant
cultural expectations.
Societies are characterized by patterns of relationships (social relations) between individuals who
share a distinctive culture and institutions; a given society may be described as the sum total of
such relationships among its constituent of members. In the social sciences, a larger society often
exhibits stratification or dominance patterns in subgroups.
40. Societies are social groups that differ according to subsistence strategies, the ways that humans use
technology to provide needs for themselves. Although humans have established many types of
societies throughout history, anthropologists tend to classify different societies according to the
degree to which different groups within a society have unequal access to advantages such as
resources, prestige, or power. Virtually all societies have developed some degree of inequality
among their people through the process of social stratification, the division of members of a society
into levels with unequal wealth, prestige, or power. Sociologists place societies in three broad
categories: pre-industrial, industrial, and postindustrial.
41. Types of
Society
• Hunting and Gathering
• Pastoral
• Horticultural
• Agricultural
Pre-Industrial
Industrial
Post Industrial
42. Pre Industrial
In a pre-industrial society, food
production, which is carried out
through the use of human and
animal labor, is the main economic
activity.
These societies can be subdivided
according to their level of technology and
their method of producing food.
44. Hunting
The main form of food production in
such societies is the daily collection
of wild plants and the hunting of
wild animals.
Hunter-gatherers move around
constantly in search of food.
As a result, they do not build
permanent villages or create a wide
variety of artifacts, and usually only
form small groups such
as bands and tribes.
45. Pastoral
Pastoralism is a slightly more efficient form
of subsistence.
Rather than searching for food on a daily
basis, members of a pastoral society rely
on domesticated herd animals to meet
their food needs.
Pastoralists live a nomadic life, moving
their herds from one pasture to another.
Because their food supply is far more
reliable, pastoral societies can support
larger populations.
46. Horticultural
Fruits and vegetables grown in garden plots
that have been cleared from the jungle or forest
provide the main source of food in a
horticultural society.
These societies have a level of technology and
complexity similar to pastoral societies.
Some horticultural groups use the slash-and-
burn method to raise crops.
The wild vegetation is cut and burned, and
ashes are used as fertilizers.
Horticulturists use human labor and simple
tools to cultivate the land for one or more
seasons. When the land becomes barren,
horticulturists clear a new plot and leave the old
plot to revert to its natural state.
47. Agrarian
Agrarian societies use
agricultural technological advances to
cultivate crops over a large area.
Sociologists use the phrase agricultural
revolution to refer to the technological
changes that occurred as long as 8,500
years ago that led to cultivating crops and
raising farm animals.
Increases in food supplies then led to
larger populations than in earlier
communities.
This meant a greater surplus, which
resulted in towns that became centers of
trade supporting various rulers, educators,
craftspeople, merchants, and religious
leaders who did not have to worry about
locating nourishment.
48. Industrial
a society driven by the use of technology to
enable mass production, supporting a large
population with a high capacity for division
of labour.
49. Examples of
Pre Industrial
Society
China, for example, is an industrial
society because a considerable portion of
its economy is tied to jobs that involve
mechanized labor, like factory farming or
auto-assembly plants, which involve a
combination of machines and human
employees to produce consumer products.
.
50. Post Industrial
In sociology, the post-industrial
society is the stage
of society's development when the
service sector generates more wealth than
the manufacturing sector of the economy.
51. Post Industrial
1. A transition from the production of goods to the production of
services, with very few firms directly manufacturing any
goods.
2. The replacement of blue-collar manual labourers with
technical and professional workers—such as computer
engineers, doctors, and bankers—as the direct production of
goods is moved elsewhere.
3. The replacement of practical knowledge with theoretical
knowledge.
4. Greater attention being paid to the theoretical
and ethical implications of new technologies, which helps
society avoid some of the negative features of introducing
new technologies, such as environmental accidents and
massive widespread power outages.
5. The development of newer scientific disciplines—such as
those that involve new forms of information
technology, cybernetics, or artificial intelligence—to assess
the theoretical and ethical implications of new technologies.
6. A stronger emphasis on the university and polytechnic
institutes, which produce graduates who create and guide the
new technologies crucial to a postindustrial society.
52. Examples of
Post Industrial
Society
Post-industrialization exists in Europe,
Japan, and the United States, and the U.S.
was the first country with more than 50
percent of its workers employed in service
sector jobs. A post-industrial society not
only transforms the economy; it
alters society as a whole
53. Cultural Trends in the Philippines
An article by Chiqui Escareal-Go in the Philippine Daily Inquirer outlines some cultural trends that
might affect how Filipinos buy products.
54. Home
The absence of parents in a third of homes and the increasing role of schools in instilling values.
The social disorders associated with the increasing absence of parents in the lives of their children (drugs, child sex
abuse, teen pregnancy, among others).
The change in the boundaries and sequence of love, marriage, sex and family.
The rise in the number of single parents.
The trend towards late marriages and smaller families.
The upgraded role of music as surrogate companion.
The rise of “adultescents” (a play of the words adult and adolescent). They are also called the Peter Pan generation, or
the 30-something adults who are still single and without kids, mortgages and responsibilities.
The rise of stay-at-home “housebands” looking after children and house needs.
More men becoming purchase decision-makers of grocery products (the mansumers).
The increasing ratio of people 40 years old and above wanting to take control of their health.
55. Work
The desire to migrate and the rise of middle class among overseas Filipino workers (OFW).
The expanding number of call center workers and their odd working hours to conform to
working time abroad.
The vanishing breed known as house-helps.
The desire of senior citizens to have second careers.
56. Women
The increasing role of women in the workforce due to better education and social equality.
57. Performance Task (Group Activity)
Create a 5 minute video
Discuss how the pandemic has changed our culture and society
Use this chart To help you organize your ideas
How has the Pandemic Changed our Culture and Society
Before Pandemic After Pandemic
Norms
Values
Symbols
Communication
58. Rubrics 10 7 4 0
Visual
The visual used is
very effective,
clear, easy to
read and
attractive
The visual used is
somehow
effective, clear,
easy to read and
attractive
The visual used is
not effective,
clear, easy to
read and
attractive
No visual was
used
Audio
The audio used
very effective,
clear, easy to
read and
attractive
The audio used
somehow
effective, clear,
easy to read and
attractive
The audio used
not effective,
clear, easy to
read and
attractive
No audio was
used
Completeness
4 Elements
Included
3 Elements
included
2 Elements
Included
No Element
Included
Punctuality
Submitted on
time Submitted late Not submitted
59. How to submit:
1
Upload the video on
2
Post a link to the UCSP
Page
3
Don’t forget to Mention your
group number and
60. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
61. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC
