Cryptography question Suppose we select n = 707 in the coin-tossing .pdf

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Consider a Z score of 1.36 taken from a standardized normal distibution. What proportion of the distribution is LESS THAN this Z value? Consider a Z score of 1.36 taken from a standardized normal distibution. What proportion of the distribution is LESS THAN this Z value? Solution Given that Z<1.36. From std normal distribution table P(Z<1.36) =0.9131 Hence as area corresponds to 1 in percent we write 91.31% are below z =1.36.

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Cryptography question Suppose we select n = 707 in the coin-tossing protocol. What is the
meaning of the number 1201 in this case? It represents Heads. It represents Tails. It represents
neither Heads nor Tails. The answer cannot be determined from the information given.
Solution
the answer cannot be deterined from the information given

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A healthcare scenario with the following knowledge creation (one for each) 1. Data/facts 2. Information 3. Knowledge 4. Wisdom A healthcare scenario with the following knowledge creation (one for each) 1. Data/facts 2. Information 3. Knowledge 4. Wisdom 1. Data/facts 2. Information 3. Knowledge 4. Wisdom Solution Data is raw. It simply exists and has no significance beyond its existence (in and of itself). It can exist in any form, usable or not. It does not have meaning of itself. In computer parlance, a spreadsheet generally starts out by holding data. information is data that has been given meaning by way of relational connection. This \"meaning\" can be useful, but does not have to be. In computer parlance, a relational database makes information from the data stored within it. knowledge is the appropriate collection of information, such that it\'s intent is to be useful. Knowledge is a deterministic process. When someone \"memorizes\" information (as less-aspiring test-bound students often do), then they have amassed knowledge. This knowledge has useful meaning to them, but it does not provide for, in and of itself, an integration such as would infer further knowledge. For example, elementary school children memorize, or amass knowledge of, the \"times table\". They can tell you that \"2 x 2 = 4\" because they have amassed that knowledge (it being included in the times table). But when asked what is \"1267 x 300\", they can not respond correctly because that entry is not in their times table. To correctly answer such a question requires a true cognitive and analytical ability that is only encompassed in the next level... understanding. In computer parlance, most of the applications we use (modeling, simulation, etc.) exercise some type of stored knowledge. wisdom is an extrapolative and non-deterministic, non-probabilistic process. It calls upon all the previous levels of consciousness, and specifically upon special types of human programming (moral, ethical codes, etc.). It beckons to give us understanding about which there has previously been no understanding, and in doing so, goes far beyond understanding itself. It is the essence of philosophical probing. Unlike the previous four levels, it asks questions to which there is no (easily-achievable) answer, and in some cases, to which there can be no humanly- known answer period. Wisdom is therefore, the process by which we also discern, or judge, between right and wrong, good and bad. I personally believe that computers do not have, and will never have the ability to posses wisdom. Wisdom is a uniquely human state, or as I see it, wisdom requires one to have a soul, for it resides as much in the heart as in the mind. And a soul is something machines will never possess. personally I contend that the sequence is a bit less involved than described by Ackoff. The following diagram represents the transitions from data, to information, to knowledge, and finally to wisdom, and it is understand.

A healthcare scenario with the following knowledge creation (one f.pdf

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Calculate profit-maximizing price, quantity, and profits, assuming that it is legal/possible to segregate the two groups of buyers. Consider a monopoly facing inverse demand function: p (y)- 16- y; and with total cost TC = 4y. Find optimal level of production and price. Illustrate optimal choice in the graph, depicting Consumer, Producer Surplus and DWL (Dead Weight Loss). Find the elasticity of the demand at the optimal point. Assume the market demand and supply for one commodity are y = 1000 -5p y = 4p-80 respectively, among which p refers to the price, and y refers to output level. the government imposes tax on such a commodity, $9 per unit. Solve for: Solution.

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Vandalay Industries is considering the purchase of a new machine for the production of latex. Machine A costs $3,048,000 and will last for six years. Variable costs are 40 percent of sales, and fixed costs are $195,000 per year. Machine B costs $5,229,000 and will last for nine years. Variable costs for this machine are 35 percent of sales and fixed costs are $130,000 per year. The sales for each machine will be $10.1 million per year. The required return is 11 percent, and the tax rate is 30 percent. Both machines will be depreciated on a straight-line basis. The company plans to replace the machine when it wears out on a perpetual basis. Calculate the EAC for each machine. (Negative amounts should be indicated by a minus sign.Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16)) Vandalay Industries is considering the purchase of a new machine for the production of latex. Machine A costs $3,048,000 and will last for six years. Variable costs are 40 percent of sales, and fixed costs are $195,000 per year. Machine B costs $5,229,000 and will last for nine years. Variable costs for this machine are 35 percent of sales and fixed costs are $130,000 per year. The sales for each machine will be $10.1 million per year. The required return is 11 percent, and the tax rate is 30 percent. Both machines will be depreciated on a straight-line basis. The company plans to replace the machine when it wears out on a perpetual basis. Solution Machine A Machine B a Purchase Cost ($) 3,048,000 5,229,000 b Life of machines (years) 6 9 c Variable Cost ($) 4,040,000 3,535,000 d Fixed cost ($) 195,000 130,000 e Running cost per year (c+d) 4,235,000 3,665,000 f PVAF (based on life and 11% discount factor) 4.231 5.537 g Present Value of Running cost of machine (e*f) 17,918,285 20,293,105 h Cash outflow of machines (a+g) 20,966,285 25,522,105 i Equivalent Annual Cost (h/f) 4,955,397.07 4,609,374.21 We should choos machine B, since it has lower EAC.

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What is a router? Explain in minimum 5 paragraphs can use citations What is a router? Explain in minimum 5 paragraphs can use citations Solution Router is a hardware device which is used to recieve packets from other network and also send the packets to the other network and it is meant to be desingned to work like that. It is mainly used to share internet to the multiple computers or users to surf the internet. By stepping in to the latest technologies routers are enormously devoleping so in this context routers are evolved so ther are two types of routers like wirless routers and connected routers. Connected routers are used in between the computers and wireless are used to the laptops and mobile phones also. Routers use headers to forward the packets and use some protocols to transfer the data from one network to the another network. There are many type of routers that are different in their physical design some consists of antennas which is used to grab the perfect signal that is sharing the packets very easily. The main uses of the router are, These performs the protocol translation, Restricts broadcasts to the lans, and it acts as a gateway, and calculate or analyse the path to transfer the data and do more manipulations if any problem occurs in it. The router mainly functions in the layer 3 even though it functions in all the other layers basic layer is layer3 where it stands constantly for more period.if you are using a router, your computer’s IP address is going to begin with either 198.168.0 or 10.0.0. This is because the powers-that-be decided that those IP address would be reserved for local network use. so in this way router plays a major role in transferring some important information and need to know the importance of it..

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What are gene expression controls on the different levels of gene regulation in transcription, translation and post translation? Solution Regulation of gene expression includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products and is informally termed gene regulation. Transcriptional Control During Transcriptional Control of Gene Expression transcription is initiated at the promoter RNA polymerase must bind here to begin transcription Transcriptional control allows variation in mRNA levels for specific enzymes. The cell avoids the production of these enzymes by utilizing regulatory proteins that prevent RNA polymerase from binding to a promoter. Translational Control It allows the cell to control the translation of an mRNA molecule that has already been transcribed. Regulatory molecules can speed up mRNA degradation by ribonucleases. Translation initiation can be altered. Translation proteins can be affected. Post translation control Post-translational control occurs when the cell controls the activity of an existing protein by chemical modification. Post-translational control provides the most rapid response but is energetically expensive.

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Using the 8-bit 2\'s complement binary number system, perform the following addition and subtraction problems Clearly indicate how you checked for an overflow condition and the result of that check. Solution 2. 10100010 (16210) + 01111001 (12110) 100011011 (2710) In the above addition there is a carry of 1. As you have only 8 bits, 162 + 121 = 283 which requires a total of 9 bits cannot be stored here and an overflow occurs. 10100010 (16210) - 01111001 (-12110) Now converting 01111001 to 2\'s complement: 10000110 + 1 = 10000111. Now summation: 10100010 + 10000111 = 100101001 In the above subtraction, there is a carry of 1, which can be ignored. And after ignoring the carry bit, the value is: 00101001 = 4110..

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USA Today (\"Hybrid Car Sales Rose 81% Last Year,\" April 25, 2005) reported the top five states for sales of hybrid cars in 2004 as California, Virginia, Washington, Florida, and Maryland. Suppose that each car in a sample of 2004 hybrid car sales is classified by state where the sale took place. Sales from states other than the top five were excluded from the sample, resulting in the accompanying table. (The given observed counts are artificial, but they are consistent with hybrid sales figures given in the article.) The 2004 population estimates from the Census Bureau web site are given in the accompanying table. The population proportion for each state was computed by dividing each state population by the total population for all five states. Use the 2goodness-of-fit test and a significance level of = 0.01 to test the hypothesis that hybrid sales for these five states are proportional to the 2004 population for these states. Let p1, p2, p3, p4, and p5 be the actual population proportions of 2004 for the five states in the following order: California, Virginia, Washington, Florida, Maryland. State the null and alternative hypotheses. Calculate the test statistic. (Round your answer to two decimal places.) 2 = What is the P-value for the test? (Round your answer to four decimal places.) P-value = StateObserved Frequency California 254Virginia 53 Washington 37Florida 34Maryland 34Total 412 Solution A) OPTION B: H0: p1 = 0.495, p2 = 0.103, p3 = 0.085, p4 = 0.240, p5 = 0.077 Ha: H0 is not true. [ANSWER] ******************** b) Doing an observed/expected value table, O E (O - E)^2/E 254 203.94 12.28794547 53 42.436 2.629797719 37 35.02 0.111947459 34 98.88 42.57093851 34 31.724 0.163288866 Using chi^2 = Sum[(O - E)^2/E], chi^2 = 57.76391803 [ANSWER, TEST STATISTIC] ******************* c) As df = a - 1, a = 5 df = a - 1 = 4 Thus, the p value is p = 8.5533*10^-12 = 0.0000 [ANSWER].

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Two small insulating spheres with radius 9.00×102m are separated by a large center-to-center distance of 0.485 m . One sphere is negatively charged, with net charge -1.90 C , and the other sphere is positively charged, with net charge 4.10 C . The charge is uniformly distributed within the volume of each sphere. Part A What is the magnitude E of the electric field midway between the spheres? Take the permittivity of free space to be 0 = 8.85×1012 C2/(Nm2) . Part B What is the direction of the electric field midway between the spheres? What is the direction of the electric field midway between the spheres?E = N/C Solution Sepoaration of the spheres r = 0.485 m, charge on first sphere q = -1.9* 10^-6 C charge on second sphere q \' = 4.10 * 10^-6 C. the magnitude E of the electric field midway between the spheres is E = E \' + E \" = Kq / ( r/ 2)^ 2 + Kq \' / ( r/ 2)^ 2 = 4K(q+q \') / ( r)^ 2 = 4*8.99*10^9 *[1.9* 10^-6 + 4.10 * 10^-6] / [ 0.485]^2 = 9.17e+5 N / C b, field lines are starting at positive charge and ending at negative charge. so, the field is pointed toward the negative sphere..

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True or False: To ethically advertise a school lottery scheme to try to raise money for the athletic department, the organizer of the lottery needs to explicitly specify the probability of each of the prizes in the lottery. true or false Solution True To ethically advertise a school lottery scheme to try to raise money for the athletic department, the organizer of the lottery needs to explicitly specify the probability of each of the prizes in the lottery.

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Tournament System Axiom 1: Every game consists of two players. Axiom 2: For every distinct pair of players, p and p, there is exactly one game. Axiom 3: There are exactly M players. a. What are the undefined terms? b. How many games will there be? c. Is the system consistent? (Show a model for M = 5. Explain what happens each time M increases by 1. 3 points.) d. Is the system independent? (Your answer requires proof. 3 points.) Solution An axiomatic system is a list of undefined terms together with a list of statements (called “axioms”) that are presupposed to be “true.” A theorem is any statement that can be proven using logical deduction from the axioms. a.Undefined terms: Games and players b.Number of games: M-1 (as there are 1 less game than the number of player if they play each other once) c.Independence: An axiom is called independent if it cannot be proven from the other axioms. In other words, the axiom “needs” to be there, since you can’t get it as a theorem if you leave it out. How do you prove that something can’t be proved? This relates to the area of mathematics known as logic. d.Consistency:- If there is a model for an axiomatic system, then the system is called consistent. Otherwise, the system is inconsistent. In order to prove that a system is consistent, all we need to do is come up with a model: a definition of the undefined terms where the axioms are all true. In order to prove that a system is inconsistent, we have to somehow prove that no such model exists For M=5 there are exactly 4 games should be played. Hence there is consistency in the system.Since this is a definition of the undefined terms where the axioms are all true.

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The force below shows a client sending an HTTP request to Google and receiving and acknowledging the response. Fill in the sequence numbers (seqno) and ACK numbers (ackno). Solution When the sequence number of client is 1500, the acknowledgement number of the google\'s web server\'s acknowledgement number must have been the same before it received the payload shown in the diagram. After the client sends the packets with seqno=1500, ackno=3500 with a payload of 300 bytes of data, the server (Google\'s web server) acknowledges the payload received and increases its acknowledgement number from 1500 to 1500+300 = 1800. Also, its sequence number will be the same as the acknowledgement number of the client since the client had acknowledged the last packet it received from the server. Therefore, S1 = 3500. After the client receives 1400 bytes of data, its acknowledgement number increases by 1400. Therefore A2 = 3500+1400 = 4900 Hence, S1 = 3500 A1 = 1800 A2 = 4900.

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Suppose that you can reproduce a short-time physical or chemical event over and over again. Discuss possible sources of errors associated with measuring the duration of the event using a stopwatch. (\"Human error\" is not a source.) What effect do the sources of error have on the data? Solution There can be various ways by which measurement of time using stopwatch may vary and how it will affect the error. 1.there might be internal errors in the watch, which might delay or extend reading (technical error). It may slow down the time or increase it and accordingly vary the data. 2. There might be error due to relativity, if object is moving at high speed. Again it may increase or decrease the value depending on the condition..

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Suppose that T is a topology on R that contains the set of all closed intervals. Prove that T is the discrete topology on R. Solution Given: T is a topology on R that contains the set of all closed intervals Then for each xR, [x,x]={x} is a closed interval. here definition of interval does not allow such degenerate intervals, then note that [x1,x][x,x+1]={x}. Thus, {x} is open for each xR. From above way we say T is a discrete topology on R..

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Sampling Distribution A national caterer determined that 87% of the people who sampled their food said it was delicious. A random sample of 144 people is obtained from a population of 5000. The 144 people are asked to sample the caterer\'s food. If ^p is the sample for a proportion saying that the food is delicious, what is the mean of the sampling distribution of ^p? a. 0.42 b. 0.87 c. 0.19 d. 1.25 Solution b. 0.87.

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please answer all parts for thumbs up. one question with many parts. thank you. Chapter 10: Round all numbers to two digits after the decimal point. (30pts.) Use the Data from the Excel file (Chapter 10): Bears (measurements from anesthetized wild bears) to: 1. Create a scatter plot showing the relationship between the two variables: Age (x) and Neck (y) 2. Write up an analysis of all the information that you learn from the graph a) State the correlation coefficient. Is there a significant correlation between the variable age and neck of a bear? (Why? Compare r with the critical r value, Use significance level 0.05.). b) If there appear to be a correlation, describe the correlation (direction, strength). c) What percentage of the variation in neck can be explained by the linear relation to the age of a bear? 3. Answer all of the following questions a) Based on your analysis in step 2, do you think it is possible to infer a bear\'s neck from its age? Explain your answer. b) What is the regression equation? c) Using the relationships from part b, determine the approximate age of a bear with the following neck: - 23 inches 7 inches S Is the second calculation meaningful? Why? d) Suppose you predict that the weight of the neck is 25inches, and you latter find out that the neck of that bear is actually only 18 inches. Give one possible reason that your prediction was incorrect. e) Using the relationships that you calculated, determine the approximate neck of a bear with age 56 4. Using the relationship between the age and the neck answer - age 101 the following questions: a) What does the slope of the regression equation represent? b) What does the y-intercept represent? Is it meaningful? Solution here consider different ages, now, perabola curve used now, this method useful find out easy solution, . ..

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A one-year old child is discovered to have numerous bone fractures. Social workers suspect child abuse. What condition might lead to a false conclusion about this child? Explain what causes this developmental disorder. How common is it? Solution Several fractures in various stages of healing of a child is not always a case of child abuse but it may be a genetic disorder called osteogenesis imperfecta. The disease follows autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance generally, But in some cases it may follow autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. There are eight recognized forms of osteogenesis imperfecta. Causes-- Mutations in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes causes the disease in 90% of cases. CRTAP and P3H1 genes also cause osteogenesis imperfecta. These genes are responsible for Type I collagen assembly. Type I collagen I required in formation and strengthening of connective tissues, particularly bones. Due to the mutation collagen triple helix is denatured. As a result the bones become fragile. Type I OI, which is a milder form, are characterized by bone fractures during childhood and adolescence and this type occurs due to mutation in the COL1A1 gene. More severe forms of osteogenesis imperfecta (type II and type III) have no family history and caused by sporadic mutations in the COL1A1 or COL1A2 gene. More researches are still in progress to know more details (others genes that are involved, alternative cause, treatment of the disease) about the disease. Frequency—According to NIH report the disease is found in 6 to 7 per 100,000 people worldwide. Types I and IV are the most common forms of osteogenesis imperfecta, affecting 4 to 5 per 100,000 people..

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Let (X, d) be a metric space. Show that every Cauchy sequence {x_n} X is bounded. Solution we need to prove that every cauchy sequence {xn} in metrix space {X,d} is bounded. let assume that xn be a Cauchy sequence of (X, d) hence we can say that by definition of cauchy sequence = 1 so we can say that there exists N such that, d(xm , xn) < 1 for all m, n N hence we can say that xn B(xN , 1) for all n N now r = 1 + max{1, d(x1, xN), d(x2, xN), . . . , d(xN-1, xN)} we can see that, xn B(xN ; r) for all n so we can say that xn is bounded..

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Jackson has the choice to invest in city of Mitchell bonds or Sundial, Inc. corporate bonds that pay 10% interest. Jackson is a single taxpayer who earns $55,000 annually. Assume that the city of Mitchell bonds and the Sundial, Inc. bonds have similar risk. What interest rate would the city of Mitchell have to pay in order to make Jackson indifferent between investing in the city of Mitchell and the Sundial, Inc. bonds for year 2017 Solution Jackson\'s marginal tax rate is 25% After-tax rate of return for Sundial, Inc. bonds = 10%*(1-0.25) = 7.5% Cty of Mitchell muct pay 7.5% in order to make Jackson indifferent between investing in both bonds.

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I am struggling with creating the demand and supply curve into an equation. This problem requires finding the equilibrium point, but deriving the equation, I go in circles. The given input is Price: $330, 340, 350, 360, 370 ; Quantity demanded: 100 million, 90m,80,70,60; Quantity supplied: 40Million, 60, 80, 100, 120. My approach for Demand is determine the price where demand of zero = $330. (just by looking at chart); the slope is 1 (??.. change or price/change of quantity). P = 330 - 1 Qd; this doesn\'t seem correct! Supply= slope 1/2 or .5; P = 40 + .5Qs .. Then I solve for Qd=Qs. Solution As per the above demand and supply schedule and curve, Equilibrium quantity = 80 million Equilibrium price = $350 Demand equation will be: Qd = a + bP b=slope of demand curve = change in Q / change in P = (80-90)/(350-340) =-1 here, two points (340,90) and (350,80) is taken in to consideration Qd = a-P At, P= 100 Qd = 330 Thus a = 330 + 100 = 430 Hence, demand equation is: Qd = 430 - P Supply equation will be: Qs= C+dP d = change in quantity / change in price = (80-60)/(350-340) = 2 Qs = C+2P At P= 350, Qs = 80 80 = C+2*350 C = -620 Thus, supply equation is : Qs = -620+2*P Solving both equation will give equilibrium quantity and price as mentioned above.Price (in $)Quantity Demanded (in Millions)Quantity Supplied (in millions)33010040340906035080803607010037060120.

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