The document discusses the integration of Redis, an in-memory database, with Python, emphasizing its various data structures and functionalities. It outlines the author's experience and the advantages of using Redis with Python for tasks like data manipulation and task queuing. Key topics include Redis's unique features, comparison with other databases, and practical applications such as caching, messaging, and analytics.

1. Redis and Python
by Josiah Carlson
@dr_josiah
dr-josiah.blogspot.com
bit.ly/redis-in-action

2. Redis and Python;
It's PB & J time
by Josiah Carlson
@dr_josiah
dr-josiah.blogspot.com
bit.ly/redis-in-action

3. What will be covered
• Who am I?
• What is Redis?
• Why Redis with Python?
• Cool stuff you can do by combining them

4. Who am I?
• A Python user for 12+ years
• Former python-dev bike-shedder
• Former maintainer of Python async sockets libraries
• Author of a few small OS projects
o rpqueue, parse-crontab, async_http, timezone-utils, PyPE
• Worked at some cool places you've never heard of
(Networks In Motion, Ad.ly)
• Cool places you have (Google)
• And cool places you will (ChowNow)
• Heavy user of Redis
• Author of upcoming Redis in Action

5. What is Redis?
• In-memory database/data structure server
o Limited to main memory; vm and diskstore defunct
• Persistence via snapshot or append-only file
• Support for master/slave replication (multiple slaves
and slave chaining supported)
o No master-master, don't even try
o Client-side sharding
o Cluster is in-progress
• Five data structures + publish/subscribe
o Strings, Lists, Sets, Hashes, Sorted Sets (ZSETs)
• Server-side scripting with Lua in Redis 2.6

6. What is Redis? (compared to other
databases/caches)
• Memcached
o in-memory, no-persistence, counters, strings, very fast, multi-threaded
• Redis
o in-memory, optionally persisted, data structures, very fast, server-side
scripting, single-threaded
• MongoDB
o on-disk, speed inversely related to data integrity, bson, master/slave,
sharding, multi-master, server-side mapreduce, database-level locking
• Riak
o on-disk, pluggable data stores, multi-master sharding, RESTful API,
server-side map-reduce, (Erlang + C)
• MySQL/PostgreSQL
o on-disk/in-memory, pluggable data stores, master/slave, sharding,
stored procedures, ...

7. What is Redis? (Strings)
• Really scalars of a few different types
o Character strings
 concatenate values to the end
 get/set individual bits
 get/set byte ranges
o Integers (platform long int)
 increment/decrement
 auto "casting"
o Floats (IEEE 754 FP Double)
 increment/decrement
 auto "casting"

8. What is Redis? (Lists)
• Doubly-linked list of character strings
o Push/pop from both ends
o [Blocking] pop from multiple lists
o [Blocking] pop from one list, push on another
o Get/set/search for item in a list
o Sortable

9. What is Redis? (Sets)
• Unique unordered sequence of character
strings
o Backed by a hash table
o Add, remove, check membership, pop, random pop
o Set intersection, union, difference
o Sortable

10. What is Redis? (Hashes)
• Key-value mapping inside a key
o Get/Set/Delete single/multiple
o Increment values by ints/floats
o Bulk fetch of Keys/Values/Both
o Sort-of like a small version of Redis that only
supports strings/ints/floats

11. What is Redis? (Sorted Sets -
ZSETs)
• Like a Hash, with 'members' and 'scores',
scores limited to float values
o Get, set, delete, increment
o Can be accessed by the sorted order of the
(score,member) pair
 By score
 By index

12. What is Redis? (Publish/Subscribe)
• Readers subscribe to "channels" (exact
strings or patterns)
• Writers publish to channels, broadcasting to
all subscribers
• Messages are transient

13. Why Redis with Python?
• The power of Python lies in:
o Reasonably sane syntax/semantics
o Easy manipulation of data and data structures
o Large and growing community
• Redis also has:
o Reasonably sane syntax/semantics
o Easy manipulation of data and data structures
o Medium-sized and growing community
o Available as remote server
 Like a remote IPython, only for data
 So useful, people have asked for a library version

14. Per-hour and Per-day hit counters
from itertools import imap
import redis
def process_lines(prefix, logfile):
conn = redis.Redis()
for log in imap(parse_line, open(logfile, 'rb')):
time = log.timestamp.isoformat()
hour = time.partition(':')[0]
day = time.partition('T')[0]
conn.zincrby(prefix + hour, log.path)
conn.zincrby(prefix + day, log.path)
conn.expire(prefix + hour, 7*86400)
conn.expire(prefix + day, 30*86400)

15. Per-hour and Per-day hit counters
(with pipelines for speed)
from itertools import imap
import redis
def process_lines(prefix, logfile):
pipe = redis.Redis().pipeline(False)
for i, log in enumerate(imap(parse_line, open(logfile, 'rb'))):
time = log.timestamp.isoformat()
hour = time.partition(':')[0]
day = time.partition('T')[0]
pipe.zincrby(prefix + hour, log.path)
pipe.zincrby(prefix + day, log.path)
pipe.expire(prefix + hour, 7*86400)
pipe.expire(prefix + day, 30*86400)
if not i % 1000:
pipe.execute()
pipe.execute()

16. Simple task queue - add/run items
import json
import redis
def add_item(queue, name, *args, **kwargs):
redis.Redis().rpush(queue,
json.dumps([name, args, kwargs]))
def execute_one(queues):
item = redis.Redis().blpop(queues, 30)
name, args, kwargs = json.loads(item)
REGISTRY[name](*args, **kwargs)

17. Simple task queue - register tasks
REGISTRY = {}
def task(queue):
def wrapper(function):
def defer(*args, **kwargs):
add_item(queue, name, *args, **kwargs)
name = function.__name__
if name in REGISTRY:
raise Exception(
"Duplicate callback %s"%(name,))
REGISTRY[name] = function
return defer
if isinstance(queue, str):
return wrapper
function, queue = queue, 'default'
return wrapper(function)

18. Simple task queue – register tasks
@task('high')
def do_something(arg):
pass
@task
def do_something_else(arg):
pass

19. Cool stuff to do...
• Reddit • Publish/Subscribe
• Caching • Messaging
• Cookies • Search engines
• Analytics • Ad targeting
• Configuration • Twitter
management • Chat rooms
• Autocomplete • Job search
• Distributed locks • ...
• Counting Semaphores
• Task queues

20. Thank you
@dr_josiah
dr-josiah.blogspot.com
bit.ly/redis-in-action
Questions?