Lecture 2 of 3 - Junior Achievement Business Ethics Course by Joseph Tojarieh
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Lecture 2 of 3 - Junior Achievement Business Ethics Course by Joseph Tojarieh
- 1. CLASS LOCATION PROGRAM FAIRFAX JUNIOR ACHIEVEMENT BUSINESS ETHICS LECTURE TWO: THEORIES OF ETHICS
- 2. Presented by Joseph Tojarieh, Esq. Tojarieh Law Firm, PC
- 3. Mutual Respect Reminder • Based on the nature of ethical dilemmas, the issues and examples in this program can lend themselves to differing opinions. • Important to demonstrate tolerance for others’ views.
- 4. Torture
- 5. Torture Torture, according to the United Nations Convention Against Torture, is: “...any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him, or a third person, information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity. It does not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in, or incidental to, lawful sanctions.” — UN Convention Against Torture
- 6. Opinions • Torture is never justified • Torture is justified under certain circumstances • Torture is always justified
- 8. Ethical Theories • Teleological methods • Deontological methods
- 9. Teleological Methods AKA “Consequentialist Methods” • Result-based system. Name is derived from the Greek word telos, meaning “end” or “purpose.” • Results outweigh the action. • Based on estimating what the likely outcomes of a given course of action will be, and then choosing the method that has the most positive consequences and the fewest negative consequences. • If you agreed that torturing Timmy was acceptable, you used a teleological method of thinking.
- 10. Teleological Methods PROBLEMS • Teological approach might create more problems than it solves, since every behavior could be considered right so long as you can justify it. • There is no standard application of “moral rights.” Maximum good is subjective. You become the judge of what is right.
- 11. Deontological Methods • Duty-based system. Name is derived from the Greek word deon, meaning “duty”. • Action always outweighs the results • Deontological methods state that some things are simply right and some things are simply wrong. • If you agreed that torturing Timmy was not acceptable, you used a deontological method of thinking.
- 12. Deontological Methods PROBLEMS • Deontological approach is difficult to apply. Whose standard govern? Majority standards over minority standards? • “Moral rights” are not universal. Laws differ across regions.
- 13. • Teleological method: OK • Deontological method: NOT OK
- 14. Ethical Decision Making TORTURE LAWS, RELIGION, TRADITIONS, EXPERIENCES, COMMON SENSE DEONTOLOGICAL VS. TELEOLOGICAL TORTURE / DO NOT TORTURE