Theory of ethics

1. Derived from the Greek word
“ethos”, which means “way of
living”, ethics is a branch of
philosophy that is concerned with
human conduct, more specifically the
behaviour of individuals in society.
Ethics examines the rational
justification for our moral judgments;
it studies what is morally right or
wrong, just or unjust.

2. At its simplest-
ethics is a system of
moral principles. They
affect how people
make decisions and
lead their lives.
Ethics is concerned
with what is good for
individuals and society
and is also described as
moral philosophy.
The term is derived
from the Greek
word ethos which can
mean custom, habit,
character or
disposition.

3. Ethics covers the following
dilemmas:
how to live a good life?
our rights and responsibilities
the language of right and wrong
moral decisions - what is good and bad?

4.  Ethical Theories are attempts to provide a clear,
unified account of what our ethical obligations
are. They are attempts, in other words, to tell a
single “story” about what we are obligated to do,
without referring directly to specific examples.
 It is common in discussions of business ethics to
appeal to one or more ethical theories in an
attempt to clarify what it is right or wrong to do
in particular situations.

5.  Utilitarianism
 Justice
 Rights
 Deontology
 Morality
 Virtue

6.  The aim is to predict the effects of an action; this is the
foundation of utilitarian ethical theory. To a utilitarian,
the ethically correct choice is the one that provides the
most benefit to the highest number of people.
 One advantage of utilitarianism is that it allows the
utilitarian to compare comparable projected solutions
and use a point system to evaluate which option is better
for most people.
 This theory is an effort to provide a solution to what a
person ought to do. The answer is that a person should
behave in a manner to maximize pleasure and minimize
unhappiness or pain.

7.  This refers to the quality of being fair and just.
 It is also acting per some laws and the moral
obligations to act based on fair adjudication between
competing claims.
 Finally it seems to find best solution for everyone
and for everyone to get what they deserve.

8. Rights
 The rights set forth by a community
are protected and allocated the
highest priority under the rights'
ethical framework. Because a
significant ruling population supports
rights, they are considered ethically
correct and valid.
 An example of this theory is when the
American people bestowed
themselves with rights in the
constitution, such as the right to life.
Under this theory, the rights
established by society are protected
and given the highest priority.

9. According to the deontological
philosophy, when examining an ethical
issue, people should adhere to their
obligations and duties.
In this theory, an act is considered
ethically sound because of its
characteristics, not because the result of
the action is good.
Deontological ethics holds that at least
some decisions are ethical obligations
regardless of their consequences.

10.  Morality is the system through which
people determine what is right and wrong.
 It is defined as distinguishing between
proper and incorrect intentions, decisions,
and acts.
 Under this theory, a person seeks to
determine whether an action is right or
wrong and decides whether to carry on or
not do the activity

11. Virtue
The virtue ethical theory evaluates a person based on his character
rather than an action that may be out of character.
When grading odd and irregular behavior regarded as unethical, it
considers the person's morality, reputation, and motivation.
This theory judges a person by character and not by a single mistake. If
the person is known to be good, they are judged leniently because one
action may deviate from their normal behavior.

12. THANK
YOU!