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1. Andrew Goodwin (1992)
A mediatheoristwhowrote abookcalledDancinginthe DistractionFactory. In thishe suggests
there are:
 6 keyfeaturesof amusic video
 5 waysto analyse amusicvideo
6 features
1. Music videosdemonstrategenre characteristics –Featuresthatare expectedoutof a video
dependingonthe genre.
2. There isa relationshipbetweenlyricsandvisuals.The lyricsare representedwithimages.
Themes, mise-en-scene andeventsof the videomatchedwithlyricsof the song.
3. There isa relationshipbetweenmusicandvisuals. The tone andatmosphereof the visuals
reflectsthatof the music.
4. The demandsof the record label will include the needforlotsof close upsof the artist and
the artist maydevelopmotifswhichrecuracrosstheirwork (a visual style).Allowsthe
record label topromote aset image of theirartist.
5. There isfrequentlyreference tonotionof looking(screenswithinscreens, mirrors,stages,
etc) and particularlyvoyeuristictreatmentof the femalebody. –The male gaze – (men
lookingatwomen,womenlookingatthemselves,womenlookingatwomen).
6. There isan oftenintertextual reference (tofilms,TV programmes,othermusicvideosetc.)
5 Aspects
1. Thoughtbeats – “seeing”the sound.
 To lookat the musicitself.We musttake intoaccountthe structure of the song.
 The3 voice of the song.The artistsvoice isextremelyuniqueandcanform identification
or trademarksthat workwell withthe starimage.
 Goodwinpointsoutthe artistmode of address.Songscan be seenasstoriesandthe
artistthe storyteller,makingthe musicvideoatwocommunicationdevice –themtelling
us a story andwe listening.
2. Narrative & Performance
 Songsfail to give usthe complete narrative
 We onlytendtoget a gistof the meaningof the songand thentoldto make up our
ownideaof whatisbeingtold – an negotiatedview of atext.
 Goodwinexplainsthatmusicvideosshouldignore commonnarrative.Itisimportant
intheirrole of advertising.
 Music videosshouldhave coherentrepeatability. Narrativeandperformance work
handin hand,makingiteasierforthe audience towatch overand over.
 The artist actingas both the narrator anf participanthelpstoincrease the
authenticityhoweverlipsyncsandothermimedactionsremainsthe hearof the
musicvideo.
 The audience needstobelievethisisreal.

2. 3. The Star Image
 The Star Image isanothervital aspectof musicvideos.
 Meta Narrative (whichisabig storythat describedthe developmentof the starover
time) hasan importantpart to playinthe musicvideoproduction process.
4. There are 3 ways inwhichyoucan promota video.
 Illustrate - Use a set of imagesto illustarate the meaningof the lyrics/common
 Amplify - Meaningsandeffecsare manipulatedandconstantlyshownthroughthe
video,amplifiedtooverthe topeffects.
 Disjuncture - The meaningiscompletelyignored.
5. Technical Aspects
 Use of camera work,movement,angles,mise-en-scene,editing,soundandspecial
effects.
 Speed,cameramovement,editing,cutting,andpostproductions.
 Lightingandcolour– helpsetmoodsandemphasise keymovementsof the songfor
dramticeffect.
 Mise-en-scene,the settingof musicvideosisvital,itneedstolookauthenticto
attaimprofessionalism.
 Beats– Music videosuse of cutsto go withthe beator rhythm makingthvideo
more entertaining.