Recommended
Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Detecting Improvised Explosive Devices using WTMD
- 1. April 5, 2017 John Howell Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technician Detecting the IED Threat with Walk-Through Metal Detector Technology
- 2. Detecting IED’s with WTMD’s
- 3. Why Did We Do This Testing Because the end user wants to know how their systems will respond to threats
- 4. Study Overview 1. Role of the Metal Detector o Checkpoints VS Primary Instruments o Checkpoints VS WTMD Settings 2. Interagency Security Committee o IED Threats & Test Objects
- 5. Checkpoints VS Primary Instruments Airports
- 6. Checkpoints VS Primary Instruments Courthouses Schools Prisons Events Arenas Businesses Etc.
- 7. Events, Arenas, and Schools Guns Assembled, NIJ Large Objects Airports, Courthouses Guns Disassembled Enhanced Airports Guns Disassembled Knives, NIJ Medium Objects Prisons, Loss Prevention NIJ Small Objects WTMD Settings used for the Testing
- 8. Verifying WTMD Settings Reference: http://www.apcorusa.com/products/nij_walkthroughmetaldetector_wtmd_test_objects_kit.html NIJ Reference: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/193510.pdf
- 9. Verifying WTMD Settings We used real North American Arms 22 pistols vs Test Pieces Assembled and Disassembled Reference 1: https://northamericanarms.com/product-category/firearms/22-long-rifle/
- 10. Verifying WTMD Settings Reference 1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davis_Industries Reference 2: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamak No longer manufactured and company is out of business Made from Zamak Current Models (Cobra, Etc.) are larger and barrels are ferrous
- 11. IED Test Object Selection and Categories
- 12. IED’s are Not Considered in current Standards
- 13. 2 Types of Firing Circuits Electrical Non-Electrical
- 14. Non Electrically Initiated IED’s Example 1
- 16. Interagency Security Committee The Interagency Security Committee (ISC) Design Basis Threat Reference: https://info.publicintelligence.net/DHS-DesignBasisThreat.pdf
- 17. IED Test Objects
- 18. Example IED Test Objects Top Row, Left to Right 1. 1-lb. C4 with cell phone and electrical cap 2. Incendiary device w/ digital timer/cap 3. Metal pipe bomb, electrical circuit, 9V 4. PVC pipe bomb w/ nails, non-electrical 5. PVC pipe bomb, non-electrical 6. PVC pipe bomb w/ digital timer, 2AA batteries 7. PVC pipe bomb, simple electrical firing circuit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
- 19. Example IED Test Objects Bottom Row, Left to Right 8. M112 block C4 w/ digital timer 9. Dynamite (4 sticks) w/ timer & 2 AAA batteries 10.Dynamite (1 stick) w/ switch & 2 AA batteries 11.Dynamite (7 sticks) w/ digital timer & cap 12.Plastic explosive (2 lbs.) w/ electrical circuit 13.PE-4 (1 lb.) w/ non-electrical firing system 14.Dynamite (1 stick) w/ non-electrical firing system 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
- 20. Example IED Test Objects
- 21. Example IED Test Objects
- 22. Example IED Test Objects
- 23. Example IED Test Objects
- 24. Example IED Test Objects
- 25. Example IED Test Objects
- 26. Example IED Test Objects
- 27. Testing Methods
- 28. Testing Methods • Center Zone Lowest Sensitivity • Non ADA units • Calibration was done using center zone and most difficult orientation
- 29. Testing Methods • 7 “ from panel Simulating a threat object in persons pocket Larger test objects were also tested but in most difficult orientation 7 Inches
- 32. WTMD Testing: IEDs Close to 100 total test object were used for the testing
- 33. Testing Results
- 35. IED Switches
- 37. Electrical IED
- 38. IED Power Sources NIJ Large Pocket NIJ Large Waist Guns Disassembled Pocket Guns Disassembled Waist Guns Disassembled Knives Pocket Guns Disassembled Knives Waist NIJ Medium Pocket NIJ Medium Waist NIJ Small Pocket NIJ Small Waist 33% 28% 39% 34% 33% 28% 74% 74% 100% 100% IED POWER SOURCES
- 39. Conclusions
- 40. Conclusions The IED Threat CAN be detected successfully by a WTMD but the units must run at a higher level of sensitivity For Electrically Initiated IED’s the Power Source appears to be the main IED component with a detectable metallic mass Metallic Fragmentation increases sensitivity of the IED and makes it detectable at less sensitive settings.
- 41. Conclusions There is a need to develop standards/test objects for IED threats like we have for Guns and Knives. A US standard needs to include the detection of a IED type threat and recommended settings. Education is KEY in creating a more comprehensive understanding of the threat and how it will respond in a detection system
- 42. Conclusions You Cannot Discriminate and still detect a IED threat
- 43. Questions
Editor's Notes
- Metal detectors are a great tool to use in security checkpoints, but they are very limited in what they can detect based on our current understanding of them. There is currently no established setting for ensuring that a WTMD is set to detect the improvised explosive device IED threat.
- Current Role of the Metal Detector Checkpoints VS Instruments – We’ll take a look at the current presence of screening systems by checkpoint type. How heavy is the reliance on the WTMD? Checkpoints VS WTMD Settings – We’ll examine the preset programs in use by checkpoint type IED Firing Systems & Test Objects We’ll look at the 2 most common types of IED firing systems to determine the best set of test objects Test the ability of the WTMD to detect the wide range of IEDs at all common program settings
- [Illustrate stark difference between Airports and most other security checkpoints. Mention the exceptions but stress the majority of checkpoints rely on only metal detectors to catch IEDs.]
- [Illustrate stark difference between Airports and most other security checkpoints. Mention the exceptions but stress the majority of checkpoints rely on only metal detectors to catch IEDs.]
- The most commonly used program settings by location. They tend to rely on only metal detectors at only these settings Where are IEDs? Why is no one talking about WTMDs in relation to IED detection? Some people might say that’s the job of X-rays and ETDs – but most checkpoints are only using metal detector.
- The most commonly used program settings by location. They tend to rely on only metal detectors at only these settings Where are IEDs? Why is no one talking about WTMDs in relation to IED detection? Some people might say that’s the job of X-rays and ETDs – but most checkpoints are only using metal detector.
- The most commonly used program settings by location. They tend to rely on only metal detectors at only these settings Where are IEDs? Why is no one talking about WTMDs in relation to IED detection? Some people might say that’s the job of X-rays and ETDs – but most checkpoints are only using metal detector.
- The most commonly used program settings by location. They tend to rely on only metal detectors at only these settings Where are IEDs? Why is no one talking about WTMDs in relation to IED detection? Some people might say that’s the job of X-rays and ETDs – but most checkpoints are only using metal detector.
- The most commonly used program settings by location. They tend to rely on only metal detectors at only these settings Where are IEDs? Why is no one talking about WTMDs in relation to IED detection? Some people might say that’s the job of X-rays and ETDs – but most checkpoints are only using metal detector.
- Electrical Example - Metal Pipe with Electronic Time Delay Non-Electrical Example – PVC Pipe with Hobby Fuse
- [Say what they all are and give examples of other types. Explain that sometimes the components are separated and not always on the one person or in the one bag, lowering its overall metallic content during the scan.]
- Electrical Example - Large Metal Pipe with Electronic Time Delay Non-Electrical Example – metal or pvc pipes with time fuse and hobby fuse
- The items used for the testing are exact construction of various types of improvised explosives devices. The firing systems are real components ranging from non-electrical firing systems to electrical firing systems. Types of devices range from PVC pipe bombs to metal pipe bombs again with varying firing systems. The test objects are not mocks up but are built from the actual components a real IED would utilize.
- The items used for the testing are exact construction of various types of improvised explosives devices. The firing systems are real components ranging from non-electrical firing systems to electrical firing systems. Types of devices range from PVC pipe bombs to metal pipe bombs again with varying firing systems. The test objects are not mocks up but are built from the actual components a real IED would utilize.
- The items used for the testing are exact construction of various types of improvised explosives devices. The firing systems are real components ranging from non-electrical firing systems to electrical firing systems. Types of devices range from PVC pipe bombs to metal pipe bombs again with varying firing systems. The test objects are not mocks up but are built from the actual components a real IED would utilize.
- The items used for the testing are exact construction of various types of improvised explosives devices. The firing systems are real components ranging from non-electrical firing systems to electrical firing systems. Types of devices range from PVC pipe bombs to metal pipe bombs again with varying firing systems. The test objects are not mocks up but are built from the actual components a real IED would utilize.
- The items used for the testing are exact construction of various types of improvised explosives devices. The firing systems are real components ranging from non-electrical firing systems to electrical firing systems. Types of devices range from PVC pipe bombs to metal pipe bombs again with varying firing systems. The test objects are not mocks up but are built from the actual components a real IED would utilize.
- The items used for the testing are exact construction of various types of improvised explosives devices. The firing systems are real components ranging from non-electrical firing systems to electrical firing systems. Types of devices range from PVC pipe bombs to metal pipe bombs again with varying firing systems. The test objects are not mocks up but are built from the actual components a real IED would utilize.
- The items used for the testing are exact construction of various types of improvised explosives devices. The firing systems are real components ranging from non-electrical firing systems to electrical firing systems. Types of devices range from PVC pipe bombs to metal pipe bombs again with varying firing systems. The test objects are not mocks up but are built from the actual components a real IED would utilize.
- The items used for the testing are exact construction of various types of improvised explosives devices. The firing systems are real components ranging from non-electrical firing systems to electrical firing systems. Types of devices range from PVC pipe bombs to metal pipe bombs again with varying firing systems. The test objects are not mocks up but are built from the actual components a real IED would utilize.
- The items used for the testing are exact construction of various types of improvised explosives devices. The firing systems are real components ranging from non-electrical firing systems to electrical firing systems. Types of devices range from PVC pipe bombs to metal pipe bombs again with varying firing systems. The test objects are not mocks up but are built from the actual components a real IED would utilize.
- The items used for the testing are exact construction of various types of improvised explosives devices. The firing systems are real components ranging from non-electrical firing systems to electrical firing systems. Types of devices range from PVC pipe bombs to metal pipe bombs again with varying firing systems. The test objects are not mocks up but are built from the actual components a real IED would utilize.
- The items used for the testing are exact construction of various types of improvised explosives devices. The firing systems are real components ranging from non-electrical firing systems to electrical firing systems. Types of devices range from PVC pipe bombs to metal pipe bombs again with varying firing systems. The test objects are not mocks up but are built from the actual components a real IED would utilize.
- *Explain the testing rig, or otherwise the testing procedures* The testing was conducted using several different models of walk through metal detectors that and commonly deployed at security checkpoints in the United States. The metal detector systems all employ a multi zone detection and a pulse induction detection system. A nonmetallic robot testing rig (figure 3) was used to control the introduction of the Improvised Explosive Device (IED) test objects into the arch of the walk through for each test. The IED test objects were all tested in the center zone of the unit at an orientation that would be indicative of a person placing the IED test object next to their skin at the waist area.
- *Explain the testing rig, or otherwise the testing procedures* The testing was conducted using several different models of walk through metal detectors that and commonly deployed at security checkpoints in the United States. The metal detector systems all employ a multi zone detection and a pulse induction detection system. A nonmetallic robot testing rig (figure 3) was used to control the introduction of the Improvised Explosive Device (IED) test objects into the arch of the walk through for each test. The IED test objects were all tested in the center zone of the unit at an orientation that would be indicative of a person placing the IED test object next to their skin at the waist area.
- *Explain the testing rig, or otherwise the testing procedures* The testing was conducted using several different models of walk through metal detectors that and commonly deployed at security checkpoints in the United States. The metal detector systems all employ a multi zone detection and a pulse induction detection system. A nonmetallic robot testing rig (figure 3) was used to control the introduction of the Improvised Explosive Device (IED) test objects into the arch of the walk through for each test. The IED test objects were all tested in the center zone of the unit at an orientation that would be indicative of a person placing the IED test object next to their skin at the waist area.
- The items used for the testing are exact construction of various types of improvised explosives devices. The firing systems are real components ranging from non-electrical firing systems to electrical firing systems. Types of devices range from PVC pipe bombs to metal pipe bombs again with varying firing systems. The test objects are not mocks up but are built from the actual components a real IED would utilize.
- The items used for the testing are exact construction of various types of improvised explosives devices. The firing systems are real components ranging from non-electrical firing systems to electrical firing systems. Types of devices range from PVC pipe bombs to metal pipe bombs again with varying firing systems. The test objects are not mocks up but are built from the actual components a real IED would utilize.
- The items used for the testing are exact construction of various types of improvised explosives devices. The firing systems are real components ranging from non-electrical firing systems to electrical firing systems. Types of devices range from PVC pipe bombs to metal pipe bombs again with varying firing systems. The test objects are not mocks up but are built from the actual components a real IED would utilize.