2. Test Format
• Types of questions:
– Multiple Choice
– Listening
– Matching
– Fill in
– True/False
• Test will be Scantron. Bring a pencil!!!
• You will have two hours to complete the test.
3. Material pre-Midterm to review:
• Definition of Rock
• Difference between Race Records/Hillbilly Music
• “Mississippi Delta” Blues
– History (how did this music travel?)
• Chicago Electric Blues – characteristics
• The Electric Guitar – Names of famous guitars
– Fender Telecaster & Stratocaster, Gibson Les Paul
• What was payola?
• Crossover hits – definition
• Pat Boone – “Whitening of Rock and Roll”
• Elvis Presley
– Sun Records/Sam Phillips
– “Bad Guy” Image
– Style
• The Brill Building – what was it, and who were some of the people that
worked there?
• Songwriters and Producers in Early Rock and Roll – what is the role of the
producer since the 1960s?
4. Music to listen to for possible listening questions:
Refer to your lecture notes for information on these songs.
• Beatles – Hard Day’s Night
• Beatles – Please Please Me
• Beatles – Tomorrow Never
Knows
• Rolling Stones – Paint It Black
• Rolling Stones – She’s a Rainbow
• Yardbirds – Heart Full of Soul
• The Kinks – You Really Got Me
• Bob Dylan – Like a Rolling Stone
• The Byrds – Mr. Tambourine
Man
• Beach Boys – Don’t Worry Baby
• Beach Boys – God Only Knows
• Beach Boys – Good Vibrations
• The Supremes – Baby Love
• The Temptations – My Girl
Hour
• Aretha Franklin – Respect
• James Brown – Papas Got a
Brand New Bag
• Jefferson Airplane – White
Rabbit
• Janis Joplin – Piece of My Heart
• Pink Floyd – Interstellar
Overdrive
• Cream – Sunshine of Your Love
• Jimi Hendrix – Star Spangled
Banner from Woodstock (look
up on Youtube)
5. The Beatles and the British Invasion
• Who were the Beatles? Who was their producer?
• Who were the Quarrymen?
• How are the Beatles’ albums in the US different than the UK?
• What were some of the Beatles’ early career highlights?
• What was Beatlemania?
• Did the Beatles use all originals on their early records?
• What major change did the Beatles make in 1966?
• Major influences on the Beatles’ later style (post 1966?)
• Sgt. Pepper – describe the album’s concept.
• White Album – Beatles’ trip to India – most songs written there
• What were some of the causes of the Beatles’ breakup?
• Who produced “Let it Be”? Was this the final album the Beatles recorded?
• Did the Beatles’ careers end in 1970?
6. Other British Invasion Bands
• There were two divisions of British Invasion bands.
– Beatle-type
– Stones-type
– What does this mean?
• Gerry and the Pacemakers
– What was their success compared with the Beatles?
• Be able to name a few other Beatle-type bands
• The London blues scene – how did people get records? Who were some
of the important people in that scene?
• The Rolling Stones – their rise to stardom
– Who was responsible for signing the band? Who recommended them?
– Image
• What was the importance of the Yardbirds?
• The Who – were they successful in the US initially? What was “Mod”
culture?
7. American Responses to the British
Invasion
• How did American bands respond?
– What kind of stylistic fusion occurred in the US?
– What was the garage band phenomenon?
– How did television have a role in the American Response?
• Urban Folk Music
– What is folk?
– Who is Bob Dylan, and why is he important?
• Why was his interest in rock instrumenatation important?
• 1965 Newport Folk Festival – what happens?
• Folk Rock
– The Byrds – their sound was a fusion of which artists/groups?
• Brian Wilson and the Beach Boys
– Who was Brian Wilson?
– What were the three stages of the Beach Boys 1960s career?
• Can you name examples of the three stages?
– What’s so interesting about “Don’t Worry Baby”?
– 1964 – how does Brian Wilson change his focus?
– Pet Sounds – describe the albums’ concept.
• Name a few examples of how the television industry affected the American response.
– Monkees
– Paul Revere and the Raiders
– Sonny and Cher
8. Motown Pop and Southern Soul
• What was the music industry like for black artists coming into the 1960s?
• How do things change by the mid 1960s?
• What were the regional centers that became the epicenter of black music in the
1960s, and why were they special?
– Motown (Detroit)
– Stax (Memphis)
– Muscle Shoals AL
• Who is Berry Gordy?
– What was his early life like? Did any experience from his early life affect his business?
• Motown
– What was the image of Motown?
– Who were the famous songwriters there?
– Who were the Funk Brothers?
– What was working at Motown like? What were some of the company’s policies toward the
talents?
– Be able to name the important artists of the classic Motown era.
– What were some of the criticisms against Motown?
9. Southern Soul Part 2
• What was the relationship between Atlantic Records and Stax Records?
• What is the difference between “sweet soul” and “southern soul”?
– Why does this matter?
• Who was Jerry Wexler?
• Who were Booker T and the MGs, and what was their purpose at Stax?
– Who was the equivalent at Motown? At Gold Star Records in LA?
• Name some of the similarities and differences between Stax and Motown.
• What is the “Stax Sound”? How is it different than Motown?
• What did Otis Redding do to bring the Stax sound to a much wider audience? What performance?
• What was the relationship between Jerry Wexler and Wilson Pickett?
– What happens when Pickett can no longer record at Stax?
• What is so special about Muscle Shoals, Alabama?
• Aretha Franklin’s early career – what type of music was she raised on? What was the beginning of
her professional career like?
• Aretha Franklin’s Style
• What issues of race come into play when discussing Motown, Stax, etc.?
• Why was the year 1968 so important in the world of Motown and Southern Soul?
• James Brown
– What was his importance to future musical innovators?
– How did he handle his career as a businessman?
10. Psychedelia
• What was psychedelia?
– Who were some of the early important figures?
– Why did drugs play such a heavy role in the ideas of the counterculture?
– Describe a “Hippie”.
• What was John Lennon’s inspiration for “Tomorrow Never Knows”?
• Two musical approaches to psychedelia
• How did the Beach Boys and the Beatles have a role in the beginnings of the psychedelic ear, musically?
• “Good Vibrations” – Beach Boys
– What make this single a landmark in music production? What elements point toward psychedelia?
• What elements contributed to the growth of the San Francisco scene?
• Who was Ken Kesey?
• What was the Fillmore?
• What other entities grew out of the San Francisco scene? Do we still use any of them today?
• The Grateful Dead
– How did they develop their signature improvisatory sound?
– Why were the Dead’s early album not really representative of the band?
• Jefferson Airplane
– How did they merge ambition with tradition?
• Who were Janis Joplin’s influences? How is this reflected in her work?
• What was interesting about the psychedelic scene in London? How was it different than San Francisco?
• Pink Floyd
– Describe their 1960s success
– How would you describe their 1960s sound and philosophy?
– Who was Syd Barrett?
• Their Satanic Majesties Request – The Rolling Stones
– Why is this album important in the Stones’ career?
• Who were the members of Cream? What was their musical focus? How did they adjust traditions?
• Jimi Hendrix – What was his influence on future guitarists? How was his style different from a band like Cream?
What were some of his most famous performances?
• Large Pop Festivals – what was the first? What was the pinnacle? What was the lowest point, effectively ending
psychedelia?
