This document summarizes the American response to British Invasion bands like the Beatles in the mid-1960s. It discusses the emergence of folk rock pioneered by bands like the Byrds and Simon and Garfunkel, as well as the development of other genres like surf rock with the Beach Boys. It also profiles several popular bands that emerged during this time including Sonny and Cher, Gary Lewis and the Playboys, the Lovin' Spoonful, the Rascals, and the Monkees. The document notes how the music industry's center of power shifted from New York to Los Angeles during this period.
32315 1 Origins of Rock ‘n’ Roll • Three musica.docxtamicawaysmith
3/23/15
1
Origins of Rock ‘n’ Roll
• Three musical ancestors of Rock
– Country & Western
• Grand Ole Opry and image
• Controversial subjects in lyrics
– Rhythm & Blues
• 12-bar Blues, insistent rhythm, shout-style vocals
• Hokum, Boogie-woogie, Electric guitar
– Pop music
• Strong connection to jazz (Big Band Swing)
• Simple, catchy melodies
• 1950: all three coexisted in separate
markets
– Billboard magazine tracks sales of popular
music
– Separate charts for each genre
• By 1954, markets began to merge
• Crossovers: a crossover hit originates in
one market, but also succeeds in another
– “Earth Angel”—R&B song, made the pop
charts
– “Tennessee Waltz,” “Heartbreak Hotel”—
C&W hits, on pop charts
• Covers: an artist’s version of someone
else’s song
– “Earth Angel”—original by The Penguins
(R&B), covered by the Crew Cuts (Pop)
3/23/15
2
Emergence of Youth Culture
• Prior to 1950s, entertainment industry aimed
at adults
• Mid-’50s: identifiable youth culture
– Movies present images of rebellious youths
• Rebel Without a Cause, Blackboard Jungle
• New role models, dress code, slang, hairstyles
• Black leather jacket, upturned shirt collar, slicked
back hair (“ducktail” or “d.a.”)
• Record companies realize teens have
disposable income
Bill Haley and The Comets
• Haley’s band started with C&W, began
covering R&B songs
– “Shake, Rattle, and Roll” orig. by Joe Turner
– “Rock Around the Clock” orig. by Sonny Dae
• Featured on soundtrack to Blackboard Jungle
• Two months at #1 on pop charts (1955)
• Haley, born in 1927, too old to be the new
face of youth culture
• Laid foundation for Rockabilly
– R&B material, with C&W sound
Elvis Presley (1935-’77)
l Raised
in
poor
family
from
Mississippi
– Elvis
absorbed
a
variety
of
musical
influences
l R&B,
gospel,
C&W,
bluegrass,
pop
l Discovered
while
making
a
recording
for
his
mom
– Memphis
Recording
Service
and
Sun
Records
l Right
voice
at
the
right
Cme
l White
singer
with
a
black
sound
3/23/15
3
Sun Records
• Memphis, Tennessee
• Sam Phillips, founder
– Appreciated talents of R&B musicians
– Began recording them even before he started
his own label
• Brings the music to a wider audience
• Sun Records credited with discovering
Elvis
– “Hound Dog” (1957)
Importance of Elvis
l Flexible,
invenCve
vocal
style
– Always
sounds
like
himself
l Wide
popular
appeal,
crossover
success
– Records
on
country,
pop,
and
R&B
charts
l Huge
commercial
success
– Sold
over
500
Million
records
by
the
Cme
of
his
death
Mainstream Rock ‘n’ Roll
l (DJ Alan Freed, coined the term “Rock ‘n’ Roll”)
• Heavily influenced by R&B
– Little Ric ...
32315 1 Origins of Rock ‘n’ Roll • Three musica.docxtamicawaysmith
3/23/15
1
Origins of Rock ‘n’ Roll
• Three musical ancestors of Rock
– Country & Western
• Grand Ole Opry and image
• Controversial subjects in lyrics
– Rhythm & Blues
• 12-bar Blues, insistent rhythm, shout-style vocals
• Hokum, Boogie-woogie, Electric guitar
– Pop music
• Strong connection to jazz (Big Band Swing)
• Simple, catchy melodies
• 1950: all three coexisted in separate
markets
– Billboard magazine tracks sales of popular
music
– Separate charts for each genre
• By 1954, markets began to merge
• Crossovers: a crossover hit originates in
one market, but also succeeds in another
– “Earth Angel”—R&B song, made the pop
charts
– “Tennessee Waltz,” “Heartbreak Hotel”—
C&W hits, on pop charts
• Covers: an artist’s version of someone
else’s song
– “Earth Angel”—original by The Penguins
(R&B), covered by the Crew Cuts (Pop)
3/23/15
2
Emergence of Youth Culture
• Prior to 1950s, entertainment industry aimed
at adults
• Mid-’50s: identifiable youth culture
– Movies present images of rebellious youths
• Rebel Without a Cause, Blackboard Jungle
• New role models, dress code, slang, hairstyles
• Black leather jacket, upturned shirt collar, slicked
back hair (“ducktail” or “d.a.”)
• Record companies realize teens have
disposable income
Bill Haley and The Comets
• Haley’s band started with C&W, began
covering R&B songs
– “Shake, Rattle, and Roll” orig. by Joe Turner
– “Rock Around the Clock” orig. by Sonny Dae
• Featured on soundtrack to Blackboard Jungle
• Two months at #1 on pop charts (1955)
• Haley, born in 1927, too old to be the new
face of youth culture
• Laid foundation for Rockabilly
– R&B material, with C&W sound
Elvis Presley (1935-’77)
l Raised
in
poor
family
from
Mississippi
– Elvis
absorbed
a
variety
of
musical
influences
l R&B,
gospel,
C&W,
bluegrass,
pop
l Discovered
while
making
a
recording
for
his
mom
– Memphis
Recording
Service
and
Sun
Records
l Right
voice
at
the
right
Cme
l White
singer
with
a
black
sound
3/23/15
3
Sun Records
• Memphis, Tennessee
• Sam Phillips, founder
– Appreciated talents of R&B musicians
– Began recording them even before he started
his own label
• Brings the music to a wider audience
• Sun Records credited with discovering
Elvis
– “Hound Dog” (1957)
Importance of Elvis
l Flexible,
invenCve
vocal
style
– Always
sounds
like
himself
l Wide
popular
appeal,
crossover
success
– Records
on
country,
pop,
and
R&B
charts
l Huge
commercial
success
– Sold
over
500
Million
records
by
the
Cme
of
his
death
Mainstream Rock ‘n’ Roll
l (DJ Alan Freed, coined the term “Rock ‘n’ Roll”)
• Heavily influenced by R&B
– Little Ric ...
33115 1 Post World War II Musical Modernism .docxtamicawaysmith
3/31/15
1
Post World War II
Musical Modernism
The Media Revolution
• Record companies seek out niche markets
• Columbia, Paramount
• Many marketed and sold to a black audience
• “Race records” – became popular with white
audiences also
• “Hillbilly music” marketed to rural white
southerners
• continuation of pre-1920s fiddle tradition
• fiddle contests and medicine shows
• Unregulated Mexican radio stations
• could reach Canada and China
The Media Revolution
• 1946: Television industry begins
• By 1950s, TV common in most households
• Soap operas, sit coms, variety shows, mysteries
• Radio stations begin to play more pre-
recorded music
• Disc Jockeys (DJs) become important
3/31/15
2
Record Formats
• 78 rpm records: 3-4 minutes of music
• Major record companies begin issuing
Long-Playing (LP) 33 rpm records
• Up to 26 min. per side (12”)
• Targeted at adults
• Often classical music, musical theater,
easy-listening
• 45 rpm Singles (7”)
• Marketed to teens
Pop Music
• Strong connection to Swing
• Continued innovations of popular
1930s vocalists
• Armstrong, Holiday, Bing Crosby
• Song Interpreters
• Each singer recognizable by their style
• Personality becomes part of the song
Pop Music
• Nat “King” Cole (1917-1965)
• Formed a popular jazz trio
• First black artist to host a TV show
• Several pop hits:
• “Straighten Up and Fly Right,” “Unforgettable”
• Frank Sinatra (1915-1998)
• Got his start singing with Big Bands
• Became a teen idol in early 1940s
• Formed his own record company
• “You Do Something to Me” (1950)
3/31/15
3
Woody Guthrie (1912-’67)
• Lived a wandering life
• Hobo lifestyle, inspired his poetry
• Experiences during the Depression
• Dust bowl drought, New Deal politics, unions
• Political radical
• Lyrics about social justice, inequalities
• 1940: “This Land is Your Land” written in response to
Irving Berlin’s “God Bless America”
Woody Guthrie
• “So Long, It’s Been Good to Know You” 1940
• Story about west Texas during the Dust Bowl
• Ironic jabs at religion and society
• influences folk-revivalists, singer-songwriters, and rock
musicians for years to come
Urban Folk Revival
• Guthrie, Pete Seeger form Almanac Singers
• Starts the urban folk revival
• Younger Americans seeking authenticity and
directness in music
• Qualities that were missing in pop music
• Folk songs let performers comment on current events
• Join political movements, play for rallies
• Songs of protest against social ills
3/31/15
4
Country & Western
• Folk becomes Country
• Radio broadcasts
• Nashville becomes epicenter
• 1927: The Grand Ole Opry in Nashville, TN
• Other barn-dance radio shows pop up
• Promotes “down home” image
• as opposed to European opera
• overalls, straw hats, etc.
Post-War Country Music
• Hank Williams and Kitty Wells
...
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
2. Review
• New styles of music created in US by 1965 combining
Merseybeat with already popular US styles
• Dylan
– 1965 goes electric
• Folk Rock
– Byrds (combination of Dylan and the Beatles)
– Simon and Garfunkel, Mamas and Papas, The Turtles, etc.
• Beach Boys
– 3 developmental stages
– Wilson changes direction
– Pet Sounds
3.
4. Sonny and Cher –
Folk Rock meets Spector
• Sonny Bono (1935-1998)
– Worked in record business since the 1950s, had been assigned to Little Richard
when he quit music for ministry.
– Became aide to Phil Spector, sang backup vocals or played percussion
instruments on his recordings at Gold Star Studios.
– Would often bring his girlfriend (Cherilyn La Piere) Cher (b. 1946) to sing
backup. The dup sang backup on many Spector hits including “Be My Baby” –
Ronettes, “You’ve Lost That Lovin’ Feelin’” – The Righteous Brothers
– Began performing together in 1963 under name Caesar and Cleo, had little
success. Change to own names in 1964.
– 1965 – “I Got You Babe” hits #1 on US and UK charts
– Hippie Fashion – Bono and Cher were some of the first proponents of hippie
fashion, being thrown out of hotels, restaurants, etc. for the way they were
dressed. Sonny Bono’s solo hit “Laugh at Me” (1966) is a direct reflection.
Insisted they had the right to dress how they chose.
– Bono would become involved in politics later in his life, becoming mayor of
Palm Springs, CA from 1988-92, and as a member of the U.S. House of
Representatives from CA from 1994 until his death from a skiing accident.
5.
6. Gary Lewis and the Playboys
• Gary Lewis was the son of comedian Jerry Lewis,
and had worked as a child actor like late 1950s
teen idol Ricky Nelson.
• -”This Diamond Ring” #1 US hit from 1965
– Arranged by pianist Leon Russell (Wrecking Crew) and
cowritten by Al Kooper (who played on Dylan’s “Like a
Rolling Stone” and “Positively 4th Street”)
• “She’s Just My Style” – (pop US #3 in 65) heavy
Beach Boys influence
7.
8. The Lovin’ Spoonful
• John Sebastian – lead singer and played autoharp
– folk musician who did not leave NYC in the great folk
exodus to LA of 64/65.
• Lovin’ Spoonful was inspired by the Beatles, performed
at coffee houses in Greenwich Village.
• Signed by a small indie label in NYC (many of the folk
groups that left NYC for LA ironically signed with major
NY based labels)
• “Do You Believe in Magic” – summer 1965
• “Daydream” – 1966
• “Summer in the City” - 1966
9.
10. The Rascals
• Formed in NYC in 1964
• More connected to R&B than Folk, seen as a
precursor to British blues bands more so than
as an answer to the Beatles.
– Opened for the Beatles’ historic 1965 Shea
Stadium performance.
• “Good Lovin’” – 1965 (US #1)
• “Groovin’” – 1967 (US #1)
• “A Beautiful Mornin’” – 1968 (US #3)
11.
12. The end of New York’s dominance on
the music industry
• New York had been so powerful during the first half of the 1960s with the
Brill Building’s hold on the music industry.
• By the middle of the decade, New York’s influence had given way to the
growing importance of Hollywood. Many labels and musicians had move
out to California
• However, Some groups and producers had success out of New York during
this transitional period.
– Lieber/Stoller form a new label, Red Bird Records.
• “Chapel of Love” – Dixie Cups
• “Leader of the Pack” – Shangri-Las
– The Four Seasons (Frankie Valli)
• 1962 – “Big Girls Don’t Cry” and “Sherry” 1963 – “Walk Like a Man”
• 1964 – “Rag Doll” 1965 – “Let’s Hang On”
• 1966 – “Workin’ My Way Back to You”
• Doo – Wop style; Recorded for Vee-Jay Records
• “Jersey Boys” – Broadway show based on their career
13. Garage Bands
• After the success of the Beatles, many young males with very little
or no experience as musicians but with tons of enthusiasm try their
hand at starting bands.
• Some have success on a regional and even a national level, but
most did not. They often used inexpensive instruments, rehearsed
in garages or basements, and recorded albums on simple
equipment.
• There is a section of the music collecting world that focuses on the
recordings of these “garage bands”. Many of the artists of the
1970s punk movement took inspiration from the amateur attitude
created by these groups.
• Most that had success were one-hit wonders…if they did have more
than one hit, they often had progressed in their musicianship so
much that their past seemed cute and laughable.
14.
15. The Kingsmen – “Louie Louie”
• Kingsmen – from Portland, OR
• “Louie Louie” went to #2 in the US at same time
Beatlemania was runnin’ wild, brother.
• Made for $50 in a small Portland studio.
• Lyrics were mostly indecipherable, so the rumor was that
the lyrics were pornographic
– Governor of Indiana called for an FCC investigation of the song
• After their success in 1964, a wave of garage bands came
out of the woodwork
– “Land of 1000 Dances” – Cannibal and the Headhunters (1965)
– “Mony Mony” – Tommy James and the Shondells (1968)
– “Wooly Bully” – Sam the Sham and the Pharaohs (1965)
16. TV Rock
• The television industry attempts, as they did
after the Payola scandals of the late 1950s, to
take over and exert their will on what types of
rock music would become popular through
the television medium.
17.
18. Paul Revere and the Raiders
• Formed in Idaho, but were part of the garage band scene in the
Pacific Northwest.
• With help of Dick Clark, become house band of Clark’s CBS variety
show, “Where the Action Is”, a spinoff of American Bandstand.
– Other similar shows on the air at the time: ABC’s Shindig! And NBC’s
Hullabaloo
– These shows provided exposure for many British Invasion as well as
American bands.
• Paul Revere and the Raiders becomes the most successful of all the
garage bands
• Hits:
– “Just Like Me” – 1966, “Kicks” – 1966,
– “Hungry” – 1966, “Good Thing” - 1966
19.
20. The Monkees
• Most commercially successful answer to the Beatles
• Created as a TV band for a weekly TV series on NBC in 1966
– Clearly a response to Beatles’ films “Hard Days Night” and “Help!”
• Cast as a band that could be actors primarily, but could also play some music
– Michael Nesmith (guitarist/songwriter)– had played in Texas and L.A. folk clubs
– Peter Tork – Greenwich Village folk scene
– Mickey Dolenz – actor
– Davy Jones – actor (had starred in stage play Oliver! In London)
• They initially only sang on their records, as the production team was more concerned with their
acting abilities. The music was left to an old-school process akin to old Brill Building/L.A. studio
work
– Songs written by Goffin and King, Neil Diamond, etc.
– People looked down on the Monkees because of this when it leaked out.
• Band was still a big hit:
– “Last Train to Clarksville” US #1 1966, “I’m a Believer” US and UK #1 1966
• They eventually fought for the rights to sing and perform their own music
– Nesmith led that charge; he would later be involved in the creation of MTV.
– The fact that they were so adamant about their rights to perform showed just how much the Beatles’
approach had changed the music business.
21. Other TV Rock
• Music exec Don Kirschner promoted several
make-believe cartoonish bands such as the
Archies
• The Partridge Family -1970s
• Much of this type of music was aimed at
younger listeners
• Their older siblings were getting into
psychedelia by the late 1960s.