1. New class Damage-Prone DNA
Regions Could Lead to Better
Cancer Treatments and how Cells'
DNA Repair Machinery Can Destroy
Viruses.
Jorge Burbano Castro
III semester of medicine

4. INTRODUCTION
Cancer and HIV mean a real problem
for the public health. They are a
challenge for the science and medicine
that’s why the present ways to treat
them could be painful and not very
effective.
Nowadays there are discovers that
could be applied over the system
failures and being functional
Cancer causes damages over genome
and viruses alter the genome,
replicating their own based in our.

5. DISCOVERY OF NEW CLASS OF DAMAGE-
PRONE DNA REGIONS COULD LEAD TO
BETTER CANCER TREATMENTS
• DNA could be damaged by a lot of agents like the UV
light (skin cancer) or the exposure to diferent
substances that could be radiactive or toxic. In this
order, the probably to aqcuire unnantural changes
(mutations) in the DNA is very high.
• But ist’s more than a simple desease, this one is
mortal, and really degenerative, that’s why, it has to be
trated with extreme care.

6. DISCOVERY OF NEW CLASS OF DAMAGE-
PRONE DNA REGIONS COULD LEAD TO
BETTER CANCER TREATMENTS
• B cell lymphoma is a type of blood cancer, which includes the
lymph nodes, spleen, and other organs of the immune
system.
• For most patients, the cause of this cancer is unknown.
However, lymphomas may develop in people with weakened
immune systems. For example, the risk of lymphoma
increases after an organ transplant or in people with HIV
infection.
• The cancer may be low
grade (slow growing),
intermediate grade, or
high grade (fast growing).

7. DISCOVERY OF NEW CLASS OF DAMAGE-
PRONE DNA REGIONS COULD LEAD TO
BETTER CANCER TREATMENTS
• The DNA is vulnerable in some
moments of the cell cycle:
Replication of itself and when
copying is hard in some
regions.

8. DISCOVERY OF NEW CLASS OF DAMAGE-
PRONE DNA REGIONS COULD LEAD TO
BETTER CANCER TREATMENTS
• There are two important things for the DNA changes:
- AID (activation-induced cytidine deaminase).
- early replicating fragile sites (ERFSs).
They are responsible of a lot of cancer types.

9. DISCOVERY OF NEW CLASS OF DAMAGE-
PRONE DNA REGIONS COULD LEAD TO
BETTER CANCER TREATMENTS
• Student comment:
In my opinion , find out the sites where the
damage occurs is the most important thing to
start with strategies and ways to discover the
real cure for this issues. There’s not doubt
that this system is really sensitive despite all
the control points. And this text show us how
easy is to alter the normal mechanisms.

10. HOW CELLS' DNA REPAIR
MACHINERY CAN DESTROY VIRUSES.
• DNA is formed by four types of
nucleotides:
- Adenine (A).
- Guanine (G).
- Citocin (C).
- Timine (T).
They are the base of the structure and bind
the basis to unify the strands with
hydrogen bonds.
A nucleotide is
formed by: A
pentose,
phosphate and
nitrogenous base

11. HOW CELLS' DNA REPAIR MACHINERY
CAN DESTROY VIRUSES.
• Sometimes, the fifth nucleotide: Uracil (U)
interferes in the replication of DNA,
occupying an space in the new strand,
causing an unnatural copy.
• This is important because retrovirus like the
HIV can survive and start with its replication.
Finally, the people who is victim of the HIV
could die, due to the immune deficit.

12. HOW CELLS' DNA REPAIR MACHINERY
CAN DESTROY VIRUSES.
• As an important control,
the system has two
enzymes:
- An enzyme whose job is to
break down dUTP,
keeping its levels very
low.
- The enzyme hUNG2,
which snips stray Us out
of newly copied DNA
strands, leaving the
resulting holes to be filled
by a different repair
enzyme.

13. HOW CELLS' DNA REPAIR MACHINERY
CAN DESTROY VIRUSES.
• High dUTP and a vigilant hUNG2, could forbid
the replication of the HIV genome, is the
perfect environment to destroy the HIV virus.
• The administration of anti-retroviral drugs is
essential to combat the HIV, specially when it
hides in non-dividing cells.
It’s important not
to suspend the
drug
administration.

14. HOW CELLS' DNA REPAIR MACHINERY
CAN DESTROY VIRUSES.
Written like this, It leaves to the readers
magnificent expectations about a final
treatment for this immune trouble. It’s good
to mention the mechanism the cells use to
try to stop the HIV which could be improved
with a special scientific intervention, but
that’s what this kind of persons are getting,
waiting for the best results, in order to find
a better life quality for this patients.

15. MEDICAL UTILITY IN:DISCOVERY OF NEW CLASS OF
DAMAGE-PRONE DNA REGIONS COULD LEAD TO
BETTER CANCER TREATMENTS
The main one, is to find a real, effective
and accessible treatment for the
disease.

16. MEDICAL UTILITY IN:DISCOVERY OF NEW CLASS OF
DAMAGE-PRONE DNA REGIONS COULD LEAD TO
BETTER CANCER TREATMENTS
The opportunity to serve better the
humanity (control and treatment of the
diseases) in order to reach a better
place to live.

17. MEDICAL UTILITY IN: HOW CELLS' DNA
REPAIR MACHINERY CAN DESTROY
VIRUSES.
If the real cure is finally taken out to
the light, the medicine will be able to
progress in the attention and service to
get a new and better ideal of health.

18. MEDICAL UTILITY IN: HOW CELLS' DNA
REPAIR MACHINERY CAN DESTROY
VIRUSES.
Scientists are trying to obtain an
effective solution against them. The
HIV is as the cancer one of the most
problematic subjects, because there’s
not a really way to ensure the patient
he will survive.

19. REFERENCES
• [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/01/1301
24123307.htm; Jan. 24, 2013] Checked on Feb. 20,
2013, 20:00. “Discovery of New Class of Damage-
Prone DNA Regions Could Lead to Better Cancer
Treatments”
• [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/01/1301
21161751.htm; Jan. 21, 2013] Checked on Feb.20,
2013, 20:46 “How Cells' DNA Repair Machinery Can
Destroy Viruses“
• [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/00
0581.htm] Checked on Feb.23, 2013, 21:30 “B cell
lymphoma”

20. «FIGHT FOR YOUR
DREAMS, YOU WILL BE
REWARDED»
THANK YOU!