Assignment 4 Training Strategy Miatta Teasley Capella University NHS-FPX6004 Health Care Law and Policy Professor Georgena Wiley June 17, 2022 Assignment 4 Training Strategy For a leading medical centre such as Mercy Medical Center, it is essential to have a sound policy and practice standards for the control of drug errors. The nursing staff of the medical centre who will be responsible for implementing the policy on managing medication errors must have a comprehensive understanding of the strategies specified in the policy for it to be appropriately implemented. A staff training program will ensure that the necessary information and skills for implementing the policy guidelines are effectively disseminated. The training curriculum outlined in this study will be administered to a pilot group of 20 pediatric nursing staff members at the medical facility. Promoting the Buy-In of Nurses According to Ruddy et al. (2016), technological advances are required for a significant change in medical practice but are not sufficient. When practitioners are modified, systemic alterations in practice occur. According to a study by French-Bravo et al., nurses felt that effective communication with nurse supervisors boosted their support for organizational objectives (2020). Utilizing a range of communication and persuasion techniques, nurse supervisors forged close bonds with nurses. In addition to email, huddles, and staff meetings, nurse managers used data in the form of statistics, facts, and patient feedback comments to explain the rationale for change. In addition to serving as role models for nurses, nurse supervisors influence unit culture by demonstrating characteristics such as approachability and attentiveness. In addition, nurse managers contributed to change by fostering employee engagement and management support through tactics such as listening to nurses' challenges and assisting them individually and as a team. Nurse managers support a staff-led decision-making strategy by supporting employees in comprehending unit objectives, empowering them to drive unit work, and enhancing manager-facilitated peer communication (French-Bravo et al., 2020). Promoting nurse buy-in to the implementation of policy and practice standards will rely heavily on nurse managers, head nurses, and other nursing leadership members. Early Indicators of Success Early prediction of policy performance is facilitated by structural indicators, process indicators, and outcome indicators. Structural factors emphasize organizational challenges such as the availability and proper operation of equipment such as automated dispensing machines. Process indicators are concerned with the process of providing care. The efficiency of prescription management and the efficiency of diagnosis management are two process indicators that quantify the policy's success. The purpose of outcome indicators is to accomplish a particular objective. A reduction in readmissions, a decre.

1. Assignment 4 Training Strategy
Miatta Teasley
Capella University
NHS-FPX6004 Health Care Law and Policy
Professor Georgena Wiley
June 17, 2022
Assignment 4 Training Strategy
For a leading medical centre such as Mercy Medical Center, it
is essential to have a sound policy and practice standards for the
control of drug errors. The nursing staff of the medical centre
who will be responsible for implementing the policy on
managing medication errors must have a comprehensive
understanding of the strategies specified in the policy for it to

2. be appropriately implemented. A staff training program will
ensure that the necessary information and skills for
implementing the policy guidelines are effectively
disseminated. The training curriculum outlined in this study will
be administered to a pilot group of 20 pediatric nursing staff
members at the medical facility.
Promoting the Buy-In of Nurses
According to Ruddy et al. (2016), technological advances are
required for a significant change in medical practice but are not
sufficient. When practitioners are modified, systemic alterations
in practice occur. According to a study by French-Bravo et al.,
nurses felt that effective communication with nurse supervisors
boosted their support for organizational objectives (2020).
Utilizing a range of communication and persuasion techniques,
nurse supervisors forged close bonds with nurses. In addition to
email, huddles, and staff meetings, nurse managers used data in
the form of statistics, facts, and patient feedback comments to
explain the rationale for change. In addition to serving as role
models for nurses, nurse supervisors influence unit culture by
demonstrating characteristics such as approachability and
attentiveness. In addition, nurse managers contributed to change
by fostering employee engagement and management support
through tactics such as listening to nurses' challenges and
assisting them individually and as a team. Nurse managers
support a staff-led decision-making strategy by supporting
employees in comprehending unit objectives, empowering them
to drive unit work, and enhancing manager-facilitated peer
communication (French-Bravo et al., 2020). Promoting nurse
buy-in to the implementation of policy and practice standards
will rely heavily on nurse managers, head nurses, and other
nursing leadership members.
Early Indicators of Success
Early prediction of policy performance is facilitated by
structural indicators, process indicators, and outcome
indicators. Structural factors emphasize organizational
challenges such as the availability and proper operation of

3. equipment such as automated dispensing machines. Process
indicators are concerned with the process of providing care. The
efficiency of prescription management and the efficiency of
diagnosis management are two process indicators that quantify
the policy's success. The purpose of outcome indicators is to
accomplish a particular objective. A reduction in readmissions,
a decrease in postoperative wound infection rates, and an
increase in patient satisfaction are just a few of the outcome
indicators that can be used to evaluate the efficacy of the policy
(Grol et al., 2013). Important markers of nurses' readiness to
apply practice guidelines are their perceptions of automated
dispensing cabinets (Metsamuuronen et al., 2020).
Understanding their perspectives can assist management in
evaluating the efficacy of programs designed to generate buy-in.
Surveys that include questions on policy and practice standard
changes can be used to evaluate nurses' perceptions of
workplace changes (Norman & Sjetne, 2017).
Impact of Policy and Practice Guidelines
In the event of a pharmaceutical error, the medication error
management policy describes the processes that must be
followed. The coverage extends to the nursing, emergency care,
and medical personnel at Mercy Medical Center (Black County
Partnership, 2015). The policy mandates the establishment of a
multidisciplinary committee by the medical centre. This
committee will analyze any pharmaceutical method
discrepancies and plug any gaps it finds (Weant et al., 2014).
The establishment of a consistent medication error analysis
system and the implementation of automated dispensing
cabinets are two methods for reducing medication errors. The
interdisciplinary committee should identify, prioritize, and
standardize the process of reporting medication errors in order
to develop a uniform framework for the analysis of
pharmaceutical errors. Medication error analysis is facilitated
by the availability of precise data for determining the causes of
medication errors. ADCs are regularly encountered in

4. computerized pharmaceutical management systems in healthcare
settings. These cabinets are used to document difficulties in
pharmaceutical distribution. The cabinets check medical stock
levels and distribute medication (Weant et al., 2014).
Impact of Policy Implementation on Nurses’ Work
Medication mistakes are indicative of a medical centre's
substandard care quality. The proposed policy can help the
medical centre prevent medical malpractice lawsuits, safeguard
its reputation, and save money. (2015) Black County
Partnership. According to Bourcier et al. (2016), automated
dispensing cabinets significantly reduce the amount of time
spent by head nurses on weekly inventories and orders. This
enabled nurses and chief nurses to concentrate on their primary
duties. The policy and standard modifications will increase the
nursing staff's efficiency by decreasing the amount of work and
time spent on pharmaceutical processes, leading to higher job
satisfaction among nursing staff. Medication mistakes are
indicative of a medical centre's substandard care quality. The
proposed policy can help the medical centre prevent medical
malpractice lawsuits, safeguard its reputation, and save money
(Black County Partnership, 2015). According to Bourcier et al.
(2016), automated dispensing cabinets significantly reduce the
amount of time spent by head nurses on weekly inventories and
orders. This enabled nurses and chief nurses to concentrate on
their primary duties. The policy and standard modifications will
increase the nursing staff's efficiency by decreasing the amount
of work and time spent on pharmaceutical processes, leading to
higher job satisfaction among nursing staff.
Concerns Over the Policy
The pilot group will be instructed in two strategies: automated
dispensing cabinet installation and operation and standardized
medication error analysis. Due to the gravity of the error and
the potential for disciplinary action for underreporting,
employees may be hesitant to report errors (the Chu, 2016).
Implementing a systematic method for medication error analysis
may induce fear in the nursing staff. The second approach,

5. establishing automated dispensing cabinets, would be
advantageous for medication management and error prevention;
however, if medical inventory is mismanaged, automated
dispensing cabinets may result in medication retrieval problems
(Weant et al., 2014). This may be a difficult situation for the
nursing personnel.
Interpreting the Policy for Nursing Staff
One of the most challenging aspects of implementing the
policy's rules is deciding whether or not to report an incidence
as a pharmaceutical error. Because there are no standard
definitions for drug errors and it is unclear whether an error
must be reported, unrecognized errors occur. Before a uniform
method for analyzing pharmaceutical errors can be
implemented, medication errors must be precisely characterized.
This would assist nurses in more accurately identifying and
reporting drug mistakes (the Chu, 2016). In the medical and
surgical units at Mercy Medical Centre, the number of
medication errors climbed by fifty per cent between 2015 and
2016. The vast majority of pharmaceutical errors occur during
medication delivery by nursing personnel (Ofusu & Jarrett,
2015). As a result, the policy implementation training program
attempts to acquaint nursing staff with the policy's more
complex aspects, such as the penalties for neglect and the
procedure to be followed when dealing with prescription errors.
The nursing staff will be well-versed in the chain of command
in order to report errors.
Importance of Policy and Practice Guidelines in Nurses’ Work
If prescription errors are treated more effectively, nurses may
experience less stress and greater job fulfilment.
Metsamuuronen et al. (2020) assessed nurses' impressions of
automated dispensing cabinets through an observational study
and an online survey and found that nurses believed automated
dispensing cabinets would make their tasks easier. While saving
time, nurses were able to focus on direct patient care. Another
study, conducted by Zaidan et al. (2016), found that nurses were

6. satisfied with the implementation, believing that the
technologies were easy to use and assisted them in performing
their duties securely.
Role of Nursing Staff in Policy Implementation
Due to their proximity to patients and pharmaceutical processes,
nursing personnel is vital in the execution of a medication error
management policy. A nurse is the last person involved in the
administration of medication. Due to the fact that a nurse is
accountable for physically providing the correct medication to a
patient, any errors in the administration approach can be
identified and corrected (Ofusu & Jarrett, 2015). To ensure that
the policy on preventing medication errors is successfully
implemented, nursing staff must maintain accuracy and
consistency when reporting medication errors. By adhering to
the five rights of drug administration (right dose, right patient,
right time, right medication, and right process), nurses can
avoid making errors. The nursing staff can confirm that there
are no medication administration errors. By accurately
estimating the dosage of pharmaceuticals, eliminating
distractions during medication administration, informing
patients about the side effects of a drug, and continually
updating pharmacological knowledge, nursing staff can
positively contribute to policy implementation (the Chu, 2016).
Training Nursing Staff on the Policy
Nursing personnel are responsible for drug processes, including
prescription and administration. A nurse is a final individual
who can correct pharmaceutical administration problems. Due to
continual diversions and disruptions in their work routine,
nurses are responsible for the vast majority of drug errors,
despite the fact that patient safety is their top priority (Ofusu &
Jarrett, 2015). It is essential to educate nursing personnel on the
policy's concepts because untrained and uneducated
professionals may be unable to anticipate or spot
pharmaceutical errors. The pharmaceutical error management
policy requires the construction of automated dispensing
cabinets and the study of medication errors. Nursing staff must

7. be trained on how to utilize automated dispensing cabinets
safely in order for them to be properly adopted. Although
automated dispensing cabinets were meant to eliminate errors,
their improper use may lead to drug delivery issues (Hamilton-
Griffin, 2016). To apply the second strategy, medication error
analysis, nursing practitioners must be taught new processes
that enable them to reliably and routinely report medication
errors. Reminding nurses during training of the importance of
reporting will motivate them to adhere to the medication
mistake reporting requirements, ensuring that sufficient data is
available to conduct a medication error analysis.
Training Process
Nursing workers will receive a two-hour training on the usage
of automated dispensing cabinets and medication error analysis.
The day before the session, the pilot group will be given a
questionnaire to measure their comprehension of the two
strategies. This workshop will consist of two sessions of one
hour each. Local opinion leaders, who are acknowledged
clinical practitioners in a certain field of medicine, will lead the
first session. The thought leaders will discuss the technical
skills required to operate automated dispensing cabinets and the
methods necessary for pharmaceutical mistake analysis. Due to
the presence of a well-known figure whose qualifications are
well-known, this session by local opinion leaders will have a
huge impact on the nursing staff. The second session will
involve simulation-based training. The employees will be tasked
with operating automated dispensing cabinets and simulating
pharmaceutical error analyses. This course will provide staff
with hands-on experience and an understanding of the
challenges they may encounter when using automated
dispensing cabinets or doing a pharmaceutical error analysis
(Grol et al., 2013).
Training Material for Skill Development
Each participant will receive a handout containing the policy
guidelines, a document outlining the methods to be followed
while conducting a pharmaceutical error analysis, and an

8. instruction manual for operating an automated dispensing
cabinet. The staff will also receive a printed copy of the opinion
leader's topics for future reference. The nursing staff will have
access to a virtual classroom with a log-in ID and password to
access lectures and self-learning tasks in order to maintain
continual education (Grol et al., 2013). The handouts and
virtual learning materials will be designed to help staff
members enhance their critical thinking, attention to detail, and
the confidence required to follow the policy's approaches.
Conclusion
The administration of Mercy Medical Center created a
pharmaceutical error policy in an effort to reduce and avoid
drug errors. It is essential to construct a training program for
hospital workers on the policy's many efforts to ensure its
proper execution. The program will train personnel on how to
prevent pharmaceutical errors, so enhancing patient safety, the
reputation of the medical facility, and the job satisfaction of the
personnel.

9. References
Black County Partnership, NHS Foundation Trust. (2015).
Medication error policy.
https://www.bcpft.nhs.uk/documents/policies/m/973-
medication-errors/file
Bourcier, E., Madelaine, S., Archer, V., Kramp, F., Paul, M., &
Astier, A. (2016). Implementation of automated dispensing
cabinets for management of medical devices in an intensive care
unit: Organizational and financial impact. European Journal of
Hospital Pharmacy, 23(2), 86–90.
https://europepmc.org/article/pmc/6451497
The Chu, R. Z. (2016). Simple steps to reduce medication
errors. Nursing 2016, 46(8), 63–65.
https://doi.org/10.1097/01.nurse.0000484977.05034.9c
Grol, R., Wensing, M., Eccles, M., & Davis, D. (2013).
Improving patient care: The implementation of change in health
care. https://ebookcentral-
proquestcom.library.capella.edu/lib/capella/reader.action?docID
=1153537
Hamilton-Griffin, K. (2016). Developing improvement
strategies on the use of automated dispensing cabinets to reduce
medication errors in a hospital setting (Doctoral dissertation).
ProQuest. (Order No. 10127834)
French‐Bravo, M., Nelson‐Brantley, H. V., Williams, K., Ford,
D. J., Manos, L., & Veazey Brooks, J. (2020). Exploring nurses'
perceptions of nurse managers' communicative relationships
that encourage nurses' decisions to buy into initiatives that
enhance patients' experiences with care. Journal of Nursing
Management, 28(3), 567– 576. https://doi-
org.library.capella.edu/10.1111/jonm.12958
Metsämuuronen, R., Kokki, H., Naaranlahti, T., Kurttila, M., &
Heikkilä, R. (2020). Nurses' perceptions of automated

10. dispensing cabinets — an observational study and an online
survey. BMC Nursing, 19, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-
020-00420-2
Norman, R. M., & Sjetne, I. S. (2017). Measuring nurses’
perception of work environment: A scoping review of
questionnaires. BMC Nursing, 16(1), 66.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-017-0256-9 Ofusu, R., & Jarrett,
P. (2015). Reducing nurse medicine administration errors.
Nursing Times, 111(20), 12–14.
https://www.nursingtimes.net/Journals/2015/05/10/t/l/q/130515_
Reducing-nursemedicine-administration-errors.pdf
Ruddy, M. P., Thomas-Hemak, L. & Meade, L. (2016). Practice
Transformation. Academic Medicine, 91(5), 624–627.
https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000001059
Weant, K. A., Bailey, A. M., & Baker, S. N. (2014). Strategies
for reducing medication errors in the emergency department.
Open Access Emergency Medicine, 6, 45–55.
https://doi.org/10.2147/OAEM.S64174
Zaidan, M., Rustom, F., Kassem, N., Al Yafei, S., Peters, L., &
Ibrahim, M. I. M. (2016). Nurses’ perceptions of and
satisfaction with the use of automated dispensing cabinets at the
Heart and Cancer Centers in Qatar: a cross-sectional study.
BMC nursing, 15(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-015-
0121-7
2 points
QUESTION 2
1. From a statistical perspective how would you describe the
relationship that epidemiologist in the
1950s and 1960s found between the number of years working
(X) and decline in hearing acuity (Y),
for workers that were employed in noisy factories?

11. no
relatio
nship
negative
correlation
positive
correlation
2 points
QUESTION 3
1. What was the most common response spiders made when they
detected the sound.
run
freez
e
play
d
e
a
d
attac
k
2 points
QUESTION 4
1. Magnetite is found in the teeth of birds.

12. True
False
1.5 points
QUESTION 5
1. The stapes is next to the _______ window (4 letters)
2 points
QUESTION 6
1. What is the structure in the middle ear and what is the
structure in the inner ear that has nothing
to do with hearing?
For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac).
Paragraph
Open Sans,sans-serif
10pt
P
0 WORDSPOWERED BY TINY
4 points
QUESTION 7
1. Circle the one for each line that does not belong with the
other two.
Pinna Hammer Ossicles

13. Oss
i
c
l
e
s
P Ha
m
m
e
r
https://www.tiny.cloud/?utm_campaign=editor_referral&utm_m
edium=poweredby&utm_source=tinymce&utm_content=v5
1.5 points
QUESTION 8
1. Fill in the missing cells for the table. 5 points 11
Physic
al
Propert
y
Perce
pt
ua
l
Correl
at
e

14. Unit of
Measure
ment
Cell
1,1
Pitch Cell 1,3
Amplitu
de
Cell
2,
2
Cell 2,3
Wavefo
rm
Cell
3,
2
None
2.
Cel
l
1
,
1

15. Cel
l
1
Loudness
Decibel
Frequency
Timbre
Hertz (cycles per
second)
,
3
Cel
l
2
,
2
Cel
l
2
,
3
Cel
l
3

16. ,
2
5 points
QUESTION 9
1. The threshold at which we can perceive sound is ___ decibels
2 points
QUESTION 10
1. Circle the one for each line that does not belong with the
other two.
Sound Pressure Amplitude Frequency
Frequ
e
n
cy
Sound
Pressu
re
Ampli
tu
d
e
1.5 points
QUESTION 11
1. Circle the one for each line that does not belong with the
other two.

17. Ossicles Middle Ear Inner Ear
Inne
r
E
a
r
Oss
i
c
l
e
s
Middle
Ea
r
1.5 points
QUESTION 12
1. Humans can use echolocation to judge the distance of
objects.
True
False
1.5 points
QUESTION 13
1. Circle the one for each line that does not belong with the
other two.
Place Code Weaver von Bekesy

18. Place
Co
de
Weaver
von
Bek
esy
1.5 points
QUESTION 14
1. What is the function of statocyst, a structure found in
invertebrates?
For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac).
Paragraph
Open Sans,sans-serif
10pt
P
0 WORDSPOWERED BY TINY
4 points
QUESTION 15
1. Based on Article 5, some animals have built-in infrared
sensors, what animals have this, and

19. what do the infrared sensors detect. (4 pts.)
For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac).
Paragraph
Open Sans,sans-serif
10pt
P
0 WORDSPOWERED BY TINY
4 points
https://www.tiny.cloud/?utm_campaign=editor_referral&utm_m
edium=poweredby&utm_source=tinymce&utm_content=v5
https://www.tiny.cloud/?utm_campaign=editor_referral&utm_m
edium=poweredby&utm_source=tinymce&utm_content=v5
QUESTION 16
1. Retrocochlear dysfunction is a disorder that affects the
cochlea
auditory nerve
auditory canal
tympanic
membrane
2 points

20. QUESTION 17
1. Rainfall has a loudness of ____ decibels.
1
2 points
QUESTION 18
1. What is the difference between place code and temporal code
in regard to explaining how our
brain can code different frequencies.
For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac).
Paragraph
Open Sans,sans-serif
10pt
P
0 WORDSPOWERED BY TINY
4 points
QUESTION 19
1. Jumping spiders respond the most to:
low-frequency
sound
middle frequency
sound

21. high-frequency
sound
all of the above
2 points
QUESTION 20
1. Circle the one for each line that does not belong with the
other two.
Square Window Round Window Oval Window
https://www.tiny.cloud/?utm_campaign=editor_referral&utm_m
edium=poweredby&utm_source=tinymce&utm_content=v5
Oval
Win
dow
Square
Windo
w
Round
Windo
w
1.5 points
QUESTION 21
1. Rarely do we hear ________ sounds or tones in nature. (4
letters)
2 points

22. QUESTION 22
1. Deafness caused by damage to the inner ear, especially
cochlear hair cells, is known as:
tinnitus
conductive
deafness
otosclerosis
sensorineural
deafness
2 points
QUESTION 23
1. Jumping spiders have tympanic ears.
True
False
1.5 points
QUESTION 24
1. Sound moves in_________. ( 5 letters)
2 points
QUESTION 25
1. A neural transmitter emitted by hair cells. (9 letters)
2 points

23. QUESTION 26
1. The auditory cortex is found in the ________ lobe (8 letters)
2 points
QUESTION 27
1. Outer hair cells are cylindrical and connect to Type II
auditory nerve fibers
True
False
1.5 points
QUESTION 28
1. Which of the following does not cause conductive hearing
impairments.
ear wax
blockage of the auditory
canal
damage to the ossicles
punctured eardrum
2 points
QUESTION 29
1. Hidden hearing loss is confined to older adults.
True
False

24. 1.5 points
QUESTION 30
1. Distance can be estimated by perceived loudness especially if
source is known
True
False
1.5 points
QUESTION 31
1. The human pinnae provide information about the location of
the sound in a horizontal plane.
True
False
1.5 points
QUESTION 32
1. Based upon the number of decibels, which of the following is
the loudness.
gunfire
jackhammer
gas-powered
lawnmower
concert venue/ club
2 points

25. QUESTION 33
1. Birds, insects, and some mammals are able to detect the
Earth’s magnetic field.
True
False
1.5 points
QUESTION 34
1. Match the structure with where it is found in the ear.
Ear
cana
l
Oval
Win
dow
Pinna
Hair
Cells
Ossicles
Anvil
Outer
e
ar

26. Inner
e
ar
Middl
e
e
ar
6 points
QUESTION 35
1. The ability for animals to detect gravity and the body’s
motion may be one of the
most ancient senses.
True
False
1.5 points
QUESTION 36
1. The scientific name for the visible part of the outer ear is
called the _____. (5 letters)
2 points
QUESTION 37
1. Jumping spiders have good eyesight.
True
False
1.5 points

27. QUESTION 38
1. The Cochlea is located in the _______.
inne
r
e
a
r
oute
r
e
a
r
middl
e
e
ar
2 points
QUESTION 39
1. Circle the one for each line that does not belong with the
other two.
Auditory cortex Occipital Lobe Temporal Lobe
Auditory
Cortex
Temporal
Lobe

28. Occipital
Lobe
1.5 points
QUESTION 40
1. Some animals have built-in infrared sensors
True
False
1.5 points
QUESTION 41
1. Circle the one for each line that does not belong with the
other two.
Tone Decibel loudness
De
c
i
b
e
l
Loud
n
e
s
s
T
1.5 points

29. QUESTION 42
1. Circle the one for each line that does not belong with the
other two.
Pinna Outer Ear Middle Ear
P Outer
E
ar
Middle
Ea
r
1.5 points
QUESTION 43
1. Sound and light travel the same way through the air and
water.
True
False
1.5 points
QUESTION 44
1. Circle the one for each line that does not belong with the
other two.
Cochlea von Bekesy Auditory Canal
Auditory
Canal
Coc
h

30. l
e
a
von
Be
ke
sy
1.5 points
QUESTION 45
1. The Ossicles are made out of _____. (4 letters)
2 points
QUESTION 46
1. Circle the one for each line that does not belong with the
other two.
Frequency Sound Pressure Pitch
Frequency
Sound
Pressu
re
Pitch
1.5 points
QUESTION 47
1. dB is an abbreviation for ______ . (7 letters)

31. 2 points
QUESTION 48
1. The auditory canal is in the ________ ear. (5 letters)