The Role Of Discrimination In Psychiatric Hospitals

The Role Of Discrimination In Psychiatric Hospitals
The hospital says "You're not sick enough,'" says Myrick, former president of the National Alliance
on Mental Illness "I said, 'What do you mean I'm not sick enough? I'm trying not to get sick." The
hospital, yet again refuses and declines yet another patient with mental illness. If it was cancer, the
hospital would accept the patient with wide arms and procedures to remove the tumor would begin.
If it was a broken leg, the hospital would wheel out a stretcher and begin to asses the situation.
However, the hospital refused to serve a person with mental illness. Why is this happening, in a
hospital of all places?
"Mental health is a separate but unequal system," says Patrick Kennedy, a former rhode island
congressmen, "We have a wasteland of people who have died and been disabled because of
inadequate care." The discrimination has extended its arms everywhere, even insurance, hospitals,
the workforce and the government. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
About half a century ago, congress created the medicaid law, which stated that states that funds must
be used for physical conditions, but is not required to treat mental conditions. The conditions for
treatment worsened in the 1970's and 1980's, Medicaid began paying for psychiatric hospitalizations
for patients under 21. In the 1980s, it began paying for psychiatric hospitals with fewer than 16
beds. "People were operating under the belief that mental health was a black hole for money," says
Ron Manderscheid, executive director of the National Association of County Behavioral Health &
Disability Development
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Psychiatric Hospital Is A New Facility That Replaced The...
Greystone Psychiatric Hospital in NJ
Greystone psychiatric hospital is a new facility that replaced the old administration building. It is a
450–bed residential health care institution, located in a single self–contained building that includes
treatment mall with over 21 rooms for various activities. In addition, there are also cottages to house
a total of sixty patients to help those ready to transition to more independent living. It provides a
transitional housing for patients.. Community rooms, such as computer training room, art studio,
classroom for adult education are provided for patients. The wellness area consists of a basketball
court, a Gazebo and a pool, providing a variety of recreation facilities. During my interview and
observation, I found that the hospital fully utilizes Treatment Teams, consisting of clinicians from
different fields. Through collaboration between medical staff, the hospital is looking to improve the
overall outcomes of treatment for patients. The mission of this agency, according to Jennifer, is
dedicated to care and support of each person's journey toward individual safety, well–being and
settling in the society. The goal of treatments provided by this hospital is to help individuals with
severe mental illness stabilize their psychiatric symptoms, reduce the risk of harm. The hospital is
providing persons with mental illness less restrictive settings, in which recovery will continue.
Greystone is designed for individuals with severe or

What Is Rosenhan's Perception Of Psychiatric Hospital?
We all have our own perception of psychiatric hospitals. Some people may see them as a terrifying
experience, and others may see them as a way to help people who cannot keep their disorders under
control. David Rosenhan's perception led him to a variety of questions. How could psychiatric
hospitals know if a patient was insane or not? What is like to be a patient there? According to
Rosenhans study, psychiatric hospitals have no way of truly knowing what patients are insane or
not; they quickly jump to labeling and depersonalizing their patients instead of spending time with
them to observe their personality. David Rosenhans experiment contained two parts; the first was
admitting pseudo–patients into psychiatric hospitals without the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Between those times none of the doctors knew the pseudo–patients were actually sane. Not a single
test was done on one of the pseudo–patients. The doctors simply went on what they were told by the
patients which was obviously enough to commit them to the hospital. This opened up a lot of
controversy. In Rosenhan's experiment, he proved that the doctors and nurses rarely spend time with
the patients: The average amount of time spent by attendants outside of the cage was 11.3 percent
(range, 3 to 52 percent). This figure does not represent only time spent mingling with patients, but
also includes time spent on such chores as folding laundry, supervising patients while they shave,
directing ward cleanup, and sending patients to off–ward activities. (Rosenhan)
If the nurses rarely spent time with the patients then how could they possibly know the patients true
personality? Well the answer is simple; they don't know. Rosenhan soon became aware other
patients committed to the hospital were raising some suspicion. "It was quite common for the
patients to "detect" the pseudo–patient's sanity. During the first three hospitalizations, when accurate
counts were kept, 35 of a total of 118 patients on the admissions ward voiced their suspicions, some
vigorously" (Rosenhan). The fact that other patients who were committed to the hospitals knew that
the pseudo–patients were indeed sane raises some serious concerns about the validity of the

Analysis Of The Bellevue Hospital In New York
Although the documentary was filmed more than 15 years ago, it reminded me of the time when I
volunteered at the Metropolitan State Hospital a few years ago. In particular, the building that
appeared in the documentary gave off cold, depressive, eerie feelings through the screen, and I
vividly recall how eerie I felt each time I stepped into the old Metropolitan building. I used to
wonder how these patients with mental illness could be successfully treated and be socially adjusted
behind the iron–barred windows in the dreary building. Indeed, gradual improvement of symptoms
and maintenance of good health in this type of institution seem very rare and arduous. The article
written by Hickey (2015) explains that the general view of mental health ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Essentially, this is the diathesis–stress model of psychological disorders. The model stresses that
some people have genetic vulnerabilities to exhibit symptoms related to psychological disorders in
their lifetime (Salomon, & Jin, 2013). Having inherited biological vulnerabilities, however, does not
necessarily predict their onset of disorders, as the environment acts as a key to open the
vulnerabilities suggesting that a combination of inherited susceptibilities and external stressors play
a major role in the onset of psychological symptoms. Truly, I am a strong believer in this theory that
argues the presentation of psychological symptoms is prompted by a right combination of genes and
the environmental stressors. For instance, the graduate student who displayed symptoms of
obsessive–compulsive disorder, including the repetitive speech of "I've been in the hospital for
seven years... I hate being here... medications do not help me..." likely had genetic vulnerabilities to
begin with. In his case, his inability to process unpleasant emotions, such as anger, frustration, and
irritability associated with completion of his dissertation,

The Sustainable Development Goals And The Sustainable...
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which replaced the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs) in the year 2015 is a fifteen (15) year long–term plan geared towards poverty eradication,
protection of the planet and ensuring global prosperity. In all, the SDGs have seventeen (17) specific
targets to be achieved by 20301. Notable among these goals is the SDG3 which seeks to promote
healthy lifestyles and ensure well–being for all persons across the life span. Basically, this goal
(SDG3) seeks to achieve one main goal which is health promotion and disease prevention or control.
One cannot talk about health without making reference to the definition proffered by the World
Health Organization (WHO) that describes health as a complete state of physical, psychological and
social well–being and not the mere absence of infirmity or a disease2. This therefore suggest that
health must be viewed not just from the physical or biological point of view but also along the
social, psychological and emotional dimensions. Similarly, the mere fact that an infirmity is not
present does not necessarily mean that a person can be considered healthy. To be healthy is to
maintain an optimal balance between a person's physical, psychological, emotional and social
aspects of life. Thus to be physically healthy but emotionally, psychologically and/or socially
unstable means that an individual is 'ill'. This brings to the fore, the fact that one cannot talk about
health, without talking about mental

An Article On Insane Asylums
The topic that I chose that was the most related to my major and area of interest was an article on
insane asylums. From the Psychiatry aspect, some of the things that psychiatrist tend to are patients
with mental disorders and patients that live within mental institution. Due to my intended field and
area of interest, I plan on going into the psychiatric aspect of psychology. In the article,
"Deinstitutionalization: A Psychiatric: "Titanic" that author is able to give off good definitions and
statistics on the information first hand. On the other hand in the article, it discusses the true meaning
of deinstitutionalization. Basically Deinstitutionalization is taking severely mentally ill patients out
of regular state institutions. Most patients are admitted to public psychiatric hospitals have to be
really mentally ill. Most public psychiatric hospitals discharge there patients without even ensuring
that they have the proper medication and recovery services they need before being let back into the
community. However, with deinstitutionalization furthers the process and actually analyses the
entire situation. The main focus of deinstitutionalization is having a more opening setting for
patients. The author states, "The "least restrictive setting" frequently turns out to be a cardboard box,
a jail cell, or a terror–filled existence plagued by both real and imaginary enemies". With these type
of insinuations it causes a variety of construed thoughts. Most people confide in

Psychiatric Hospitals
The results of the study by Rosenhan were that many of the pseudopatients didn't enjoy being in the
psychiatric hospitals. When the pseudo patients were in the psychiatric hospitals, although they had
no real mental disorders, all of them, except for one, were admitted as patients with schizophrenia,
and discharged with a diagnosis of schizophrenia in remission. Due to the fact that they were
admitted to the hospital so easily, some of the pseudo patients experienced mild anxiety and
nervousness. They also feared that they would be figured out by either the hospital staff, or their
fellow patients. Many of the pseudo patients only stayed in the hospitals for 19 days, and went
completely unnoticed. And the regular actions the sane pseudo patients ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In the study Rosenhan pointed out that during hospitalization, patients experienced
depersonalization and powerlessness. Hospital staff didn't care enough to know whether or not
paitents swallowd their medication, which they didn't, since there were many pills found in the
bathrooms around the toilets. And many staffs yelled at, mocked, and beat patients who were unable
to speak up for themselves. An explanation for the staffs behavior may have been that they weren't
under the proper surveillance and didn't face any consequences for their behavior. Something that
Rosehan mentioned was the fact that, "staff were credible witnesses, but patients were not" because
the patients were not seen as sane.
The pros of diagnostic labels, as shown in this study, are that they helped the hospitals put the
pseudopatients under a certain category. Since the pseudo patients reported that they were
experiencing certain symptoms and feelings, the hospitals were able to take them in, label them as
schizophrenic and treat them for that mental illness. The cons of diagnostic labeling, as shown in
this study, are that even though the pseudo patients were considered to be sane by the hospitals, they
were still labeled as schizophrenic when discharged,

The Importance Of Stress In A Psychiatric Hospital
When I tell people that I spent two weeks in a psychiatric hospital they have two reactions; they feel
bad for me, and they become afraid. They no longer know how to act around me. After a couple of
days, things go back to normal. Their reactions always stay with me though. It's a reminder that my
time there was the lowest of my life. I have major depressive disorder and I went to the hospital
because I wanted to die. Going felt like the biggest failure of my life. It made me feel weak. Having
major depressive disorder made me feel weak. For some reason I couldn't overcome my struggles
and I felt pathetic for it. My time there was rough. When I reflect on it, I remember all of the pain,
the sadness, but also all of the realization. Having major

Stereotypes In A Psychiatric Hospital
Walking into "Briarcliff Manor", the psychiatric hospital in American Horror Story: Asylum,
immediately you hear patients screaming in your ear, the smell of rust from the chains staff use to
restrain them, you can feel the tension between the staff and the patients and if you go into the day
room you see people banging their heads on the wall, staring into space, fidgeting endlessly, or
talking to someone who isn't there. Patients are held in cell–like rooms with only a little–barred
window and a small opening that staff can slide their food through. The show goes as far as to show
a doctor using the patients to "experiment" during which he created "Raspers" which were mutated
versions of the patients and were fed deceased patients. Psychiatric hospitals have always been
portrayed as a horrifying place to go, American Horror Story hasn't helped that stereotype. It is true
that psychiatric hospitals have treated their patients terribly, that was almost seventy years ago.
Since then long–stay psychiatric hospitals have been closed with more services to truly help these
patients, along with the hospitals have gained laws that need to be followed, there are no hospitals
that treat people as inhumanely as hospitals have in the past. These stereotypes scare people from
going into a psychiatric hospital to receive the help they truly need because of shows portraying the
mentally ill in such a negative way. The mentally ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The laws only stated that mentally ill that had to be placed in asylums were people who had the
more obvious severe illness' such as schizophrenia and bipolar (Grob n. pag.). Stereotypes came
from "the use of photography for classificatory and teaching purposes in order to identify, study and
classify mental illness" (Manzoli n.

Does Mental Illness Or Deinstitutionalization?
Mental Illness & Deinstitutionalization The most serious forms of mental illness are psychotic
disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar (manic–depression), which affect the mind and alter a
person's ability to understand reality, think clearly, respond emotionally, communicate effectively,
and behave appropriately. People with psychotic disorders may hear nonexistent voices, hallucinate,
and make inappropriate behavioral responses. Others exhibit illogical and incoherent thought
processes and a lack of insight into their own behavior. They may see themselves as agents of the
devil, avenging angels, or the recipients of messages from animals and plants (Siegel, 2011).
Research has found that individuals who commit serious violent crimes usually suffer from some
sort of mental disturbance. People who have been arrested for multiple crimes usually suffer from a
psychiatric disorder, particularly a psychotic disorder. The mentally ill are more likely to experience
repeated arrests/incarcerations if they do not get the treatment needed. Research has shown that
people who suffer from severe mental illness/disorders are usually more antisocial than others and
therefore punishment is not as effective in reducing their criminal offending (Siegel, 2011).
According to the text, mental illness is a social problem because of the number of people it affects (1
in 4 adults in the U.S.), the difficulty of defining/identifying it and the way it is treated. Mental
illness sometimes

Mental Crimes And Illnessing Mentally Ill Criminals
Murdered, slaughtered, assassinated, massacred, they are all powerful words that bring forth many
painful emotions. What could cause someone to do this? The people who commit these crimes are
mentally ill and they have no control over what they do because of their illnesses. These people are
being unrightfully punished for their crimes instead of being treated for their illnesses. The media
plays a huge role in this by portraying mental illnesses and the insanity defense as a loop–hole for
criminals to get out of taking responsibility for their crimes. However, this is far from the truth for
people who commit crimes due to their mental state. The court systems are failing mentally ill
criminals by not allowing them to have proper access to mental health care by not properly taking
care of them.
The insanity defense failed James Holmes in 2012 when he walked into a crowded movie theater
dressed head–to–toe in protective gear in Aurora, Colorado, and opened fire, resulting in the death
of 12 and leaving 70 injured. After surrendering, police checked his apartment and found it was
booby trapped with a tripwire at the front door that would have touched off an array of explosives
and flammable liquids (Lennard, 2015). His reason for committing this crime was, "The message is,
there is no message", "I am The Joker", and "It's not about the money, it's about sending a message"
(Lennard, 2015). Holmes pleaded not guilty by reason of insanity, he went through two psychiatric

The Impact Of The Mental Health Act
The Mental Health Act R.S.O. (1990) is a comprehensive piece of provincial legislation which
regulates mental health care in Ontario. Although it can be assumed that the legislation applies to all
mental health services and supports (Schizophrenic Society of Ontario, 2013), the laws described in
the Mental Health Act ("MHA") apply only to psychiatric units in hospitals, and specialized
psychiatric facilities within the province (Centre for Addiction and Mental Health [CAMH], 2012),
and to the patients who are under observation, care or treatment in these facilities or under a
community treatment order (Mental Health Act, 1990). Although amendments have been made
(Ontario. Ministry of Health and Long–Term Care, 2015), there are issues ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
These amendments include references to disordered behaviour, thought, or perception that severely
impairs judgement or capacity, of which psychiatric intervention is advised (Involuntary Psychiatric
Treatment Act, 2005). The broad definition contained within the MHA leaves the term 'mental
disorder' open to interpretation, which may result in inconsistencies among Ontario psychiatric
admissions.
According to the Mental Health Act (1990), a community treatment order offers a less restrictive
alternative to being held in a psychiatric unit or facility. Introduced to the MHA in 2000, a
community treatment order is a comprehensive plan of community–based care that sets out the
criteria for the management and treatment of psychiatric outpatients (Byrick, K., & Walker–
Renshaw, B., 2016). However, research by Mfoafo–M'Carthy and Williams (2010) has suggested
that community treatment orders are unethical. Under a community treatment order, treatment
typically requires an individual to comply with medications that a physician believes is necessary
for their normal function in the community (Ontario. Ministry of Heath and Long–Term Care,
2016). The MHA has been termed 'unconstitutional' based on its violation of the human right to life
and liberty by mandating that an individual participate in outpatient treatment (Picard, 2013),
including medication compliance.
Apprehensions under the MHA attempt to divert an individual with a mental

Asylums In 1800s
The treatment of mental illness has gone through many reforms over the years. Stemming from
some of the earliest documented cases of treatment such as trephination in 5000 B.C. to the opening
of "mental" asylums starting in the late 1300s to the development of the modern healthcare system.
Through the 1800s until now, major developments in mental health treatment include the evolution
of the "mental" asylum, widespread psychopharmacology, and psychotherapy treatments. Primarily
focusing on the treatment methods of the past two hundred or so years, the United States of America
has made leaps and bounds to provide humane treatment to aid those in need. The most famous
"mental" asylum, which is now known as a psychiatric or mental hospital, would most likely be the
Bethlem Royal Hospital in England. Opening its doors to mentally ill patients back in the late 1300s,
it's famous for its ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The conditions of psychiatric hospitals were poorly maintained yet again. From the late 1800s until
the mid–1900s, the conditions of these institutions were hit or miss. Despite the rising population of
those in need of mental health treatment, conditions were deteriorating across the board. This
pushed in the deinstitutionalization movement (Nevid, Rathus, & Green, 2014). This was a push to
remove patients from state–run hospitals into a more community–based treatment center. In most
cases today, there are treatment plans in place depending upon the severity of the disorder an
individual may be suffering from. It's more about treating an individual with any variety of modern
techniques or therapies and trying to reintegrate them into society rather than a lifelong stay in an
institution. Deinstitutionalization didn't work the way it was intended. After it was put into place
there was a rise in the homeless population and different programs that were supposed to be put into
place didn't live up to

The Home Care Solution And Outpatient Family Therapy For...
(900)The Home Care Solution and Outpatient Family Therapy for the Treatment of the Mentally
Disabled This psychological analysis will define the necessity of home care for mentally disabled
persons for long–term term treatment and family–based outpatient treatment for the individual. The
historical examples of Bethlem Hospital and Charcot's Pitié–Salpêtrière Hospital define the abuses
and "freak show" environment that did very little to house, treat, and car for the mentally disabled
through large–scale institutional care. In fact, the neglect and mismanagement of these institutions
set a negative precedent for treating the mentally disabled as prisoners or social deviants from the
late 17th century to the 20th century. This study will argue in favor of a family–based home care
solution for housing the mentally disabled, which will be accented by psychiatric and therapeutic
evaluations and treatments for the individual outside of large–scale institutions. In essence, the
historical neglect of major psychological institutions defines the important necessity of home care
and outpatient treatment for the mentally disabled in the 21st century. One of the major problems of
mental health institutions is the abuse that many patients endured due to the historical problem of
mental illness as a threat to society. In the case of mental institutions of Europe throughout the
Middle Ages to the 18th century, these institutions were meant to house "disruptive individuals" that
were

Free Insane Places : Critical Review
On Being Sane in Insane Places Critical Review Summary "On Being Sane in Insane Places" was an
experiment conducted by David Rosenhan, a professor of law and psychology at Stanford
University. It was first published in the January 1973 issue of Science (Spitzer, 1976). The study
consisted of two phases: a participant observation study and a secondary experiment. Participant
observation is a method of study in which the experimenter joins in the process being observed
(Barnyard and Grayson 1996). Rosenhan's study was conducted across 12 psychiatric hospitals. To
make the experimental findings more generalizable, hospitals varied in several criteria, including
location (five different states), condition (old and newly build) and a staff–patient ratio (some were
well staffed, others severely understaffed). (Rosenhan, 1973) There were eight participants
(pseudopatients) in the study. Although pseudopatients (three females and five males) varied in their
occupation – five professionals, a student, a painter and a housewife – the majority of them were
familiar with the underlying issue of the study (Spitzer, 1976). Participants arranged their admission
to psychiatric hospitals via the phone, complaining to hospital staff about hearing voices (auditory
hallucinations). All pseudopatients, with the exception of one, were diagnosed with schizophrenia
and admitted to psychiatric wards. After their admission, participants stopped simulating any
psychological symptoms. The length of

Nature And Scope Of The Issue
Nature and Scope of the Issue An unfortunate reality in today's society is the gross
overrepresentation of persons with mental illness in the criminal justice system. According to Teplin
(1984), persons with mental illness have been found to be almost twice as likely as individuals
without any known mental illness to be arrested for their behavior in similar situations. Furthermore,
several other studies have even shown that roughly half of all persons with a mental illness have
been arrested at least once in their lifetime (Solomon & Draine, 1995; Walsh & Bricourt, 2003).
Although these statistics seem to further support the common belief among many citizens that
mentally ill persons are dangerous criminals, research indicates that the mentally ill are more often
arrested for nonviolent minor charges (Cuellar, Snowden, & Ewing, 2007). Not surprisingly, a
considerable portion of individuals within the criminal justice population have a diagnosable mental
illness. According to Ditton (1999), 7% of federal inmates, 16% of state inmates, and 16% of jail
inmates have a mental illness. These percentages may be inflated because persons with mental
illness tend to spend longer periods of time in custody than those without a mental illness. Perhaps
the greatest indication of the brokenness of the system is the fact that there are more mentally ill
persons in jails and prisons today than in public psychiatric hospitals (Lamb& Bachrach, 2001). In
fact, according to the

Psychiatric Hospital Research Paper
American Psychiatric Hospitals are not Effectively Treating the Ill
While the general public may view any psychiatric facility as being one to hold extremely
dangerous mentally ill or the ultimate cure–all, treatment systems established for the mentally ill are
far from perfect, namely inpatient programs. Within the past 50–60 years, rates of inpatient
admission have increased, but length of inpatient stays has decreased, often resulting in
readmissions for patients and higher rates of relapse. Insurance companies are funding shorter and
shorter lengths of expensive hospital stays. While often considered an important aspect of treatment
for severe mental illness, psychiatric hospitals and wards, in partnership with insurance companies
and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This established, such system already exist, however, they often fail to adequately care and provide
for patients. Insurance companies do not pay for long enough inpatient stays and often patients are
left without plans for aftercare and tend to be readmitted within 30 days of discharge. Inpatient
wards may have safety protocols which make patients uncomfortable and feel as though their
privacy is being invaded, such as in bag–checking during intake or bathroom use monitoring. In
summary, inpatient programs often fail the mentally ill

Being Diagnosed With Chronic Schizophrenia Essay
Imagine being diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia. Imagine having no control over the voices in
your head or the hallucinations that seem as if you are having a nightmare when you are actually
awake. Imagine feeling scared and hopeless because your mind is out of touch with reality. Imagine
being given the prognosis "grave" meaning that, best case scenario, you would live in board and
care the rest of your life with a possibility of working menial jobs. How would you cope with that?
Would you give up? Or would you try to work through it? Hundreds of people are diagnosed with
mental illnesses such as schizophrenia every year. As one can infer, the only way a person suffering
from a mental illness can become healthy again is through having psychiatric help which can be
nearly impossible to find in some states. More specifically, Iowa has recently been suffering from a
shortage........... Even though Iowa has had a major decline in the number of mental institute beds
available, this should be changed so that people battling mental illness are treated until they are
healthy enough to live independently within society. It has been brought to the media's attention that
there is already an extreme shortage of the amount of psychiatric beds available in Iowa. Even
though people fighting mental illnesses desperately want help, it is near impossible to get the care
they need. This is shown in the article "The Cost of Not Caring : Nowhere to go" when the author
tells a story about a mother

Evaluation Of A Psychiatric Placement Without Legal...
In relatively recent American history one could be civilly committed to a psychiatric placement
without legal intervention. Prior to the 1970s persons with mental illness were often subject to gross
negligence when they were committed to a psychiatric placement. Furthermore, individuals who
were committed to these institutions lost their civil rights. Before the 1950s persons in the United
States of America could be held without legal jurisdiction in psychiatric asylums. The 1950s had
some changes to these laws. However, the practices at these institutions were often abusive.
Overcrowding, lack of funding, and theory all contributed to the inhumane treatment of the mentally
ill. However, since the 1970s those persons who require a civil commitment have not only gained
additional rights, but they have also been given the ability to challenge their committal. Further,
those who have been institutionalized are offered treatment. Finally, the emphasis in the United
States has been on deinstitutionalization which requires that a commitment occurs at the least
restrictive level of care. In the United States of America, the changes to the mental health system
have provided persons with mental illness not only a chance at restoration but also dignity. The
primary legal justification for civilly committing a person to a psychiatric institution in the United
States of America is for their safety of the safety of society. For example, according to Meyer and
Weaver, individuals

Mental Health In The 18th Century
Mental health services in St. Louis have undergone a multitude of changes as stigmas towards
mental health issues have begun to change. Traditionally, mentally ill individuals were thought to be
lacking religion or in trouble in the eyes of God, and this thought process was believed until after
the Middle Ages. These beliefs may have changed, but the attitudes towards the mentally ill were
continued into the 18th century and beyond, which caused an increase in the stigmatization of
mental illness, and thus subjected these individuals to humiliating and unhealthy conditions found in
the original confinement of mentally ill patients, asylums. The government created mental health
asylums, which separated these individuals from their societies, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Louis area. It started in 1979, and was helping serve the behavioral health problems in Lincoln,
Warren, St. Charles, and Franklin County. With an increasing need, the Four County Mental Health
Services moved to a more central location for residents of the all four counties, and with it, the name
changed to Crider Center for Mental Health. It has increased its services significantly since starting
in order to meet rising demands in the mental health field. What also begun as primarily a
behavioral health center, started to incorporate primary healthcare in 2007 as well. Those without
funds could access dental services, healthcare, podiatry, and more. Crider has continued to expand
as its growth in the four counties has expanded as well (Crider Health Center–History

Out Of Bedlam Book Review
Alyssa Figueroa
History of the Americas
4/28/16
How Mentally Ill People Were Taken Out of Mental Hospitals
Until 1751, mentally ill people were placed in poorhouses because of the English poor laws of 1597
and 1601. Anyone that did not, or could not conform to societal norms was placed into these
poorhouses, including the mentally ill or retarded, the physically disabled, and the homeless.
Eventually, mental disabilities began to be considered different from other types of disabilities, and
in 1751 Dr. Thomas Bond founded the first psychiatric hospital in Pennsylvania.(Johnson 5–6) In
1773, another psychiatric hospital was built in Williamsburg, Virginia, and was called the Eastern
Lunatic Asylum. It only had 20 beds, and was never completely filled until the nineteenth century.
(Torrey 81) Towards the end of the eighteenth century, the idea of moral treatment was ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Out of Bedlam : The Truth About Deinstitutionalization. New York :
BasicBooks, 1990. Print.
This book analyzes the negative aspects of deinstitutionalization and disproves some of the myths
surrounding it. It is a reliable source because the author is a social worker and has worked in every
type of institution discussed in the book.(S)
Lerman, Paul. Deinstitutionalization and the Welfare State. New Jersey : Rutgers, 1982. Print.
This book gives statistics that show rates of deinstitutionalization in different types of institutions
throughout the twentieth century and explains the changes in admission and resident numbers. This
is a strong source because it is a primary source and was published by the state university of New
Jersey.(S)
Lerman, Paul. Deinstitutionalization: A Cross–Problem Analysis. District of Columbia : U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, 1980. Print.
This source is reliable because it is a primary source, and it was published by the federal
government.(P)
Menikoff, Alan. Psychiatric Home Care : Clinical and Economic Dimensions. California

Theme Of Mental Asylum In One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest
How Realistic the Mental Hospital Was In One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest Ken Kesey's novel
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest depicts a story of a sane man, Randle McMurphy, who decides to
escape imprisonment by entering a psychiatric ward instead. The entire story is viewed in the eyes
of a schizophrenic patient, Chief Bromden. This novel is set around the 1950's in a mental asylum in
Oregon. Besides the plot of the story, Kesey also manages to illustrate a realistic 1950's mental
hospital. The facilities, therapy and the release of patients in mental asylum in One Flew Over the
Cuckoo's Nest by Ken Kesey realistically depicts the conditions of mental hospitals during the
1950's. The facilities provided to the patients in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In the novel, they separated the patients in the ward into two groups, the Acutes and the Chronics.
The Acutes were those that can get cured and eventually leave, while the "Chronics are in for good"
(Kesey 19). The two groups received different treatment and care from the nurses throughout the
novel. In the 1950's, short–term patients often received better care than long–term patients that were
not expected to recover (The Short Story). In both the book and in real life, the mental hospitals both
separated patients that had potential to get better and leave the institution and from those that did
not; the Acutes were the short–term patients and the Chronics were the long–term patients.
Moreover, those that could leave eventually were either voluntary or involuntary patients.
McMurphy said to Harding "Why didn't you tell me she could keep me committed in here till she's
good and ready to turn me loose" (Kesey 166). McMurphy is an example of an involuntary patient.
During the 20th century, a person involuntarily admitted could be discharged from the approval of
the superintendent and the consent of a psychiatrist (Nesnera and Baldwin 27). In the novel,
McMurphy only became aware of his situation in the ward after he spoke to the lifeguard. On the
other hand, Harding explained to McMurphy, "I'm voluntary. I'm not committed" (Kesey 167). In
the

Discuss Reliability and Validity of Diagnosis
Discuss reliability and validity of diagnosis A reliable and valid diagnosis is one which is correctly
reasoned from a satisfying premise and agreed upon by psychiatrists using the same diagnosis
system. However, there are many factors that make the process of determining a diagnosis intricate.
For one to obtain a reliable and valid diagnosis, one has to be sure that the classification systems
themselves are valid and reliable. Because the concept of abnormality is so complex it is particularly
difficult to define and this affects diagnosis. Also, there are a number of cultural and ethical
considerations one must consider when making a diagnosis, some of these include culture–bound
syndromes, culture blindness and racial/ethnic bias. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This makes it incredibly hard to determine whether the differences in diagnostics between different
cultures is due to the environment or if there is real differences A third cultural consideration in
diagnosis is culture blindness; this is the problem of identifying symptoms of a psychological
disorder if they are not in the norm of the clinician's own culture. There are also ethical
considerations when diagnosing mental illness. One of these considerations was mentioned above; it
is the idea of being stigmatized for having a mental illness. Many people are afraid that once they
are given a diagnosis, society will look down on them as being inferior. Schell (1966) argued that
once given a 'label' one will begin to act as they think they are supposed to, this is known as the
self–fulfilling prophecy. This would lead to an increase of symptoms and hence, may lead to a
misguided diagnosis. The concept of confirmation bias will also take issue when diagnosing a
patient, the clinician may be lead to believe that because the patient is seeking help, he/she does
infact need help In the late 1990's GlaxoSmithKline claimed that they could cure shyness, in effect,
15% of children were diagnosed of social anxiety disorder. GlaxoSmithKline are now being sued for
making this drug named Paxil. 4000 people who treated their kids with this noticed that it didn't
work and that their kids showed withdrawal symptoms. This goes to show that sometimes drug

Essay on The Mentally Ill in Jail
The Mentally Ill in Jail
The articles inform that more mentally ill people are in jail than in hospitals. According to statistics
159,000 of mentally ill are presently incarcerated in jails and prisons, mostly of crimes committed
because they were not being treated. Some of them become violent and may terrorize their families
and neighborhoods. Tragically, most of those instances of incarceration are unnecessary. We know
what to do, but for economic, legal and ideological reasons, we fail to do it.
The deinstitutionalisation of the severely mentally ill in the 60ties qualifies a as one of the largest
social experiments in American history. In 1995, there were 558,239 severely mentally ill patients in
the nations public psychiatric ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Consequently, 2.2million severely mentally ill do not receive any psychiatric treatment. Mental
patients were released from psychiatric hospital in the belief that permitting them to live in a freer
environment was more humane and would improve their well–being.
Instead, they turned up in prisons where they are virtually devoid of dignity and lack adequate
treatment and understanding. Besides, even if they take medications and might get better in jail,
there is no guarantee that they will continue with the treatment after they are released into the
communities. And so the vicious circle goes on.
The solution to the problem is to provide sufficient funding to the community–based mental health
system so people could be helped before they become part of the prison system. Services like
medication therapy and monitoring, residential services, rehabilitation services and support services
are successful in bringing the severely mentally ill back to communities. As a rule, community
services are also less expensive. Instead, we see mental health agencies being closed and stripped of
their budgets. As a result the mentally ill have no place to go for treatment and support.
According to the article When jails must treat and punish in the September 4, Plain Dealer The
Director of Ohio Department of Mental Health, Mike Hogan does not think that the county has a
problem with the

Essay On The American Mental Health Crisis
The American Mental Health Crisis in Less Than Thirteen Reasons Why Anyone with a mental
illness knows that recovery is not a straight line. Thoughts don't regain their rationality the second
someone decides to become medication compliant, when an anorexic takes a bite of food, or even
the day a depressed person decides to walk outside and see beyond their dreary perception of reality.
I always wanted to get better, to be able to eat a slice of pizza without demolishing the box and
punishing my throat, or to be able to not worry that the carnal impulses of mania would throw me
out of the driver's seat. However, I didn't want to take the steps to seek help in time, then in the
second semester of my sophomore year, I gave up. This led to me ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Personally, I was stuck in the terrifying situation of living without care during the early stages of my
bulimia and bipolar recovery, and it ended up pushing me to a major relapse. When I was sick, I
would skip breakfast and lunch, then eat the tiniest dinner I could consume. Regularly, would go on
massive binges out of pure hunger, then force myself to vomit. But I had no intention of every
stopping, then one day, I was standing at a Donald Trump campaign rally, large protest sign in hand,
and I collapsed on standing. Strapped to an IV in an ambulance speeding to the closest hospital,
every fiber of my being knew that this could never be my future. I was angry that I starved my brain
and sat shivering in my bed at night instead of dancing or reading poetry or kissing a boy. A
Interlochen, I had lots of trouble finding one of the therapists on campus who would speak to me,
since they were booked up, and it was impossible for them to realize how critical my condition was.
Eventually, I snapped and pretended to have an emotional breakdown to not have to wait three
weeks between appointments. But at that point it was too late; too soon my fake emotional
breakdown would become reality. Having to do something rash is not rare when seeking out
treatment. In one heartbreaking interview with USA Today, Kelly a woman who had battled

How Taking Care of the Mentally Ill Has Improved Essay
Research Paper Mental illness has been a topic that more people have been aware of and have
learned more about in recent years. According to Mayo Clinic, Mental illness refers to a wide range
of mental health conditions – disorders that affect your mood, thinking and behavior. ... A mental
health concern becomes a mental illness when ongoing signs and symptoms cause frequent stress
and affect your ability to function. (Mayo Clinic Staff) Mental illness has been looked at as an
undesirable thing and people with mental disabilities have been looked down on. Because of these
attitudes, health professionals have taken more aggressive methods of treating these illnesses and
ignored humanity (CHANGE WORD) in place of effectiveness; ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In the mid–1960s, many people were removed from state psychiatric hospitals and were encouraged
to go to local facilities for mentally ill patients, and in the 1980s, about one third of all American
homeless people were thought to be mentally ill, which shows that many mentally ill patients had
nowhere to go ("Timeline"). Due to the overflow in state hospitals and the lack of beds, mentally ill
people are also being sent to jail to be kept away from people they could harm. "A survey [taken in
1992] of American jails reports that 7.2 percent of inmates are overtly and seriously mentally ill,
meaning that 100,000 seriously mentally ill people have been incarcerated. Over a quarter of them
are held without charges, often awaiting a bed in a psychiatric hospital" ("Timeline"). Dorothea Dix
greatly changed the way mentally ill patients were housed. Her vision changed from helping with
moral therapies to making sure the patients had somewhere to go, a campaign which she had tried to
start in earlier years. When she went around looking at and researching asylums, she found that
many of the hospitals were filled to more than they were meant to hold. Some asylums that were
built to hold 250 patients were found to be treating almost 500 patients at a time. Because of the
difficult living conditions that the patients were in, Dix wanted to do something to change this. She
took it upon

Bed And Breakfast In The Loony Bin By Monte Bute
Have you ever taken an instant dislike to someone that remains even after you actually get to know
the person? First impressions are important. Much of what we perceive about an individual is
determined within moments of our earliest meeting. Is this person friendly? Are they trustworthy?
Would they be a fit for my business, group of friends, or organization? We generalize based on
experiences in order to make decisions in new situations, and those generalizations create
impressions that can last a lifetime. However, if we "end up making irrationally based value
judgments about people before we have an opportunity to know them as individuals" (Charon
2004:23) we have fallen into the trap of stereotyping. Humans make these types of judgments ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When making an initial diagnosis, it is common to generalize a set of symptoms, and psychiatric
personnel could view an unorthodox personality as the patient suffering from personality changes
due to the neurological event. The problem occurs when the psychiatrist forcibly treats Mr. Bute
rather than verify that this was a personality change or a psychiatric deviation for the individual by
consulting with his wife and others who know him. The psychiatric staff in this instance was guilty
of stereotyping rather than generalizing in that, rather than checking that their assumptions were
accurate, they presumed all evidence clearly supported their diagnosis. Bute was eventually
discharged from the hospital and went on to teach a class that evening. However, what would
happen to someone without Bute's resources once labeled "insane"? The issue presented in David L.
Rosenhan's "On Being Sane in Insane Places" is that once someone is labeled "insane" is it possible
to prove that they actually are sane. The article details the experience of sane individuals who had
themselves committed to various institutions in order to ascertain if the staff would be able to
determine that they were indeed

Improving Access And Service Quality Of Mental Health Care
5.2 Providing Comprehensive, Integrated and Responsive Mental Health and Social Care Services in
Community–based Settings (WHO 2013) One of the basic goals of integrated and responsive care is
to improve access and service quality of mental health care by addressing the shortcomings of
prevailing fragmented (primary health care and mental hospital services operating in silo), and
'institutionalized'(i.e., specialized physchatric–hospital/asylum based) mental facilities. It is
suggested that in an integrated system, service delivery should be based on principles of
accessibility, coordinated care, continuity of care, effectiveness, equity and respect for human rights.
Integration at the clinical level involves integration into primary care settings, the integration of
mental health services into general hospitals, the development of links between primary care and
secondary services and the integration of mental health into other established health and social
programmes (WHO 2007, Valentijn et al. 2013). . There are two evidence based approaches to
integration: (i) integrating mental health into primary care for mild–to–moderate disorders, and (ii)
Integrating primary care and specialist mental health care in an enhanced environment of a
community based setting, involving 'Community –based Mental Health Teams(CMHT)' for patients
with severe mental illness(SMI). Most developed countries have started efforts to restructure the
prevailing care system in the direction of

The Community Mental Health Centers Act Of 1963 Closed...
Many years ago, mental illness was viewed as a demonic possession or a religious punishment. In
the 18th century, the attitudes towards mental illness were negative and persistent. This negativity
leads to the stigmatization and confinement of those who were mentally ill. The mentally ill were
sent to mental hospitals that were unhealthy and dangerous. A push in the mid 1950s for
deinstitutionalization began because of activists lobbying for change. Dorothea Dix was one of these
activists that helped push for change. The change called for more community oriented care rather
than asylum based care. The Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963 closed state psychiatric
hospitals throughout the United States. "Only individuals who posed an imminent danger to
themselves or someone else could be committed to state psychiatric hospitals" (A Brief History of
Mental Illness and the U.S. Mental Health Care System). Deinstitutionalization meant to improve
quality of life and treatment for those who are mentally ill. This would hopefully result in the
mentally ill receiving treatment so they could live more independently. The hope was that
community mental health programs would provide this treatment but sadly there was not sufficient
or ongoing funding to meet the growing demand for these programs. Budgets for mental hospitals
were reduced but there was no increase for the community based programs. Many mentally ill
individuals have been moved to nursing homes or other residential

Personal Narrative-Psychiatric Hospital
Let's face it, I was bonkers. Nutty, some would say. I was officially deemed crazy by stepping into
Wellstone. I was batty like a mellowed out, teenage Charlie Sheen. Who knew that an honors
student would be sent to a psychiatric hospital for depression amongst other things? I always kind of
knew that is what I would end up doing. It has to get darker before it gets better, right? At least I had
my "amazing" people skills that would end up helping nearly all of the staff like me and most of the
patients despise me. "Rachel, are you alright? We are almost to the adolescent ward," the Russian
nurse murmured harshly, glancing at me from the corner of her gaze. Moving my gaze up from the
smooth wooden floors, I looked at the tall female, "Hm? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
We hope you enjoy your stay."
Another person looks up from the table in front of Miss Cathy's table, her hair buzzed and blonde on
the sides with a black Mohawk on top, "Miss Cathy, Mr. Matt, may I go to bed as well?"
"Sure thing Kandiss," Miss Cathy and Mr. Matt reply at the same time in a fashion that Siamese
twins would envy.
The tall, lanky female stood and moved over past Mr. Matt and me as well, "My name's Kandiss.
First night is always rough but I'll be here to help you out tomorrow, okay?"
I nod quickly before gulping, "Thank you," I exhaled shakily.
As Kandiss smiled and walked away with a book in her hands towards what I would presume to be
the rooms, Mr. Matt turned back to me. "C'mon Rachel, you can get an official welcoming in the
morning, I'll show you to your room for now. Miss Cathy and I will be working tomorrow so we'll
be here to get you adjusted with the other patients."
I nod and follow Mr. Matt as he grabs my duffel bag from off of the counter and moves down the
hall where snores shook the

My Psychiatric Clinical Rotation At Carney Hospital
Crisis Paper
Amanda Gilsdorf
Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
NUR 345 Psychiatric Nursing
November 25, 2015
During my psychiatric clinical rotation at Carney Hospital I had the opportunity to help run group
therapy's where I was able to understand some of the patients better. During this time I was also able
to learn more about my patient F.S. The patient is a fifty–two–year–old divorced Chinese woman
with a lengthy history of bipolar disorder and a persistent associative history of schizophrenia and
attempts at suicide. The patient has one daughter that is 24 years old who noticed F.S. was throwing
her pills down the toilet and hiding them in her pockets so she didn't have to take them. . During her
admission, the patient displayed increased levels of incredible energy and mood activities, an
approach that was thought to have been instigated by the worsening of her health condition.
The patient was admitted to the hospital by her daughter after discovering that she had abandoned
her medication and was significantly experiencing adverse effects from the withdrawal. The patients'
medical history included renal dysfunction, anemia, malnourishment, back pain, and a family
history of mental health. The patient has a psychiatric history of being previously placed in the same
clinical structure eight months ago due to related issues including the failure to take her medication
and increased levels of mental health conditions that led

Prison Incarceration
Introduction of the Problem After the "deinstitutionalization" of the mental hospitals in the United
States during the 1960s there has been a great increase in the amount of persons with serious mental
illness incarcerate in jails and prisons (Torrey et al., 2014, p. 6). The incarceration of a mental ill
person is inhumane and should be illegal. This action not only causes a deterioration of the
individual that is suffering from the illness but causes problems with other inmates, the jail and
prison staff, and the public. The inability to provide the proper treatment to these subjects through
the criminal justice system is an emotional and financial burden for all parties involved. Mentally ill
persons who have said to committed crimes should ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
State legislators should construct laws that mandate intake screenings of all prisoners before
placement in a facility. Pre–booking programs should be conducted by specialized officers trained in
mental illness who would intercept subjects entering the jail and conduct a screening prior to
booking in efforts to "prevent arrest through de–escalation by transporting persons to mental health
centers for assessment rather than jail" (p.8). State laws should mandate treatment in a secure mental
facility for the duration of their court sentence. The implantation of mental health courts would be
an option of a jail diversion program that could help provide treatment (p.8). This allows the subject
to be held accountable for the crime that they have committed but allows the possibility of treatment
and closing the revolving door. Most individuals that have a mental illness are subject to returning to
jail or prison because there is no establishment of treatment for these people (p.12). Costs studies
should be conducted to evaluate the most effective way to use the taxpayers' money. The money is
going to be spent, it is just an argument of which way is most beneficial to all people. Paying the
money to the jail to acted as a over secured medicine cabinet is senseless when there is a possibility
for the money to be used

Evaluation Of Burnham Hospital 's Mission, Vision, And...
Evaluation of McLean Hospital's Mission, Vision, and Values Statements Simply put, a mission
statement is why an organization exists, while the vision statement depicts what the organization
hopes to become in the future, and values define the expected cultural norms of employees' behavior
for fulfilling its mission and vision (Ginter, Duncan, & Swayne, 2013, p.167). For these statements
to serve their function, they should be concise, memorable, and consistent with the current practice.
This essay provides a discussion of the fundamental elements needed to create effective mission
statements, vision statements, and values statements, as described by Ginter et al. Threaded
throughout the discussion is a critique of McLean Hospital's Mission Statement, and Values
Statements, which are easily found and clearly demarcated on the hospital's public website. Ginter,
Duncan, & Swayne (2013) explain that there are four pivotal characteristics to a mission statement:
(1) the purpose is defined in terms that are loose enough to allow for new ideas, and narrow enough
to chart the course; (2) it needs to be long–lasting; (3) identifies the organizations distinctive
characteristics; (4) establish the operational functions in terms of its competition (pp.172–173).
Additionally, Ginter et al., identify the essential components to be included in a mission statement:
the intended recipient, the primary services to be delivered or products to be sold, the geographic
area covered, the

My Clinical Experience At A Psychiatric Hospital
About one–quarter of all American adults suffer from a mental health disorder in any given year,
according to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Mental health is an important
component of overall health and wellness. Treatment options often include medication and
psychotherapy. Mental health nurses help patients who suffer from mental illness to recover their
mental health so that they can live to their fullest potential. For example, mental health nurses work
in a variety of settings, such as, psychiatric hospitals, substance abuse treatment programs, home
healthcare services, community mental health agencies, and private practice. This paper will give a
description of my clinical experience at a psychiatric hospital. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
During my first day of clinical, I met with my clinical instructor and my classmates in the lobby
around 2:15 p.m. The goal was to take a tour of the facility and get acquainted with the staff. The
lobby was warm and inviting, with wood floors and comfortable furniture. It was also busy with
clients being discharged or coming in for the initial intake. One client, in particular, was sitting
behind me wearing handcuffs along with two police escorts. The client gave an impression of being
stable while sitting there. It seemed as if he was coming from Baylor Hospital. Nurses from other
facilities were there filling out paperwork and checking in their patients. Family members were also
there picking up their loved ones. The clients were escorted by mental health technicians, to ensure
the safety of the client. On many occasions, mental health technicians provide direct patient care
under the supervision of a registered nurse. Their primary responsibilities include the provision of a
safe and therapeutic milieu, crisis intervention and activities of daily living.
The receptionist checked out a key to our clinical instructor. She was encased behind a glass
window. It's my belief that this is used as a safety measure to eliminate any potential safety hazards.
In places such as psychiatric hospitals, doors must be locked at all times to ensure safety for
patients, staff and family members. The clinical instructor provided us with

Analysis Of Silver Linings Playbook
The 2012 movie "Silver Linings Playbook" is a drama–romantic comedy written and directed by
David O. Russell and among others, stars Bradley Cooper, Jennifer Lawrence, and Robert De Niro.
The film received eight academy award nominations, was nominated in all four Oscar categories,
and does a fairly accurate job of portraying an individual with a bipolar disorder, who was just
released into the care of his parents, and his segue back into his family and social life after eight
months of clinical treatment in a mental health facility. The issue or the clinical concerns begin with
the second of only two children (Pat Solitano, Jr.) and his somewhat recent diagnosis of suffering
from an "undiagnosed bi polar disorder." The diagnosis came ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Pat's parents are genuinely concerned for their son and they are preoccupied with making sure that
Pat "stays away from Nikki", that he takes his medication, and that he attends his mandatory therapy
sessions. While Pat's marital life has crumbled, it is relevant to note that he does have family that
loves him (albeit misguided at times) and he does seem somewhat able to maintain old friendships
as well as to cultivate new ones (even while at the psychiatric hospital); Pat has a good friend
Ronnie from childhood and Pat also made a new friend named Danny while in the hospital. It would
seem that Pat, unaware of his bi–polar status, has spent most of his life "white knuckling" himself
into "normalcy." His irritability, mood swings, manic episodes, wild thinking, grandiosity,
distractibility, and sleep disturbances have been prevalent for years, but he has not known why and
has always just forced himself to deal with things. This sense of personal agency is commendable,
but futile in the face of a chemical imbalance. That said, this desire for control/personal agency is
still prevalent after Pat is released from the hospital. He does not like taking his meds and initially
chooses not to take them, feeling that somehow he can control his own behavior without the help of
medication. He does not like the side effects of the medication (citing that they make him feel
groggy and bloated) and he feels as though his mantra

Analysis Of Allen Ginsberg 's Howl
The importance of the symbolism of madness in Allen Ginsberg's Howl.
The theme of madness is vital in Allen Ginsberg's Howl, as a poem written by a young voice with
the purpose to intentionally shock audiences. It presents views of insanity and madness as both
tragically victimizing the talented young minds of America, causing the straight–cut society to
oppress and restrain their creativity in psychiatric hospitals; but also as a sort of liberation, allowing
the artist to connect to their creativity in a way that the 'sane' are unable to. In Howl, the lines
between true madness, inspired madness, and drug–induced madness, are significantly blurred.
Ginsberg lived to shock the masses through his poetry; as a gay man from Jewish parents ... Show
Ginsberg viewed Solomon as a creative genius, whose artistic nature was subsequently repressed by
the staff of the psychiatric hospital. In Howl, this is presented as an extended metaphor – the
oppressors in white coats becoming oppressors of the entirety of the younger generation of the time.
There is a strikingly demonized view of doctors and psychiatrists in the poem, which is highly
reflective of the brutal methods used in psychiatric treatment in the early 20th century; Ginsberg
references lobotomies and insulin–shock therapy, which were most commonly used in the treatment
of schizophrenia. They were intensely feared by patients, the procedures were painful and often
traumatic. Ginsberg appears to relate this in a metaphorical sense to the injustices of the education
system; how the creativity in the young is lobotomised out of them as if it were a kind of debilitating
disease, conveyed in the line towards the end of the poem; "who threw potato salad at CCNY
lecturers in Dadaism and subsequently presented themselves on the granite steps of the madhouse
with shaven heads and harlequin speech of suicide, demanding instantaneous lobotomy." This line
also appears to relate back to the first line of the poem; "I have seen the best minds of my generation
destroyed by madness, starving hysterical naked." The syntax is muddled and conveys a sense of
madness in and of itself, which may be implying that the

Symptoms And Treatment Of The United States ' S ' The...
At the point when the Asylums initially opened, there was little learning of the psychiatric
conditions or how to treat them. Therefore, the neurotics were resisted the urge to panic and
involved however much as could reasonably be expected. It took numerous years to start to
comprehend and create psychiatric medications and the main treatment that was utilized all through
the Asylum framework was the treatment of General Paralysis of the Insane, brought about by
Syphilis, with Malaria tainted mosquitoes. This treatment was utilized through until the 1950 's the
point at which another medication was produced. The following treatment that was produced was
the Deep Insulin Therapy, where it was trusted that Schizophrenia was brought about by ... Show
Both these treatments included burdens to the mind. ECT included putting a current through the
mind and prompt an epileptic fit. This was now and then known not damage to the patient through
the extreme writhing's. ECT ended up being extremely compelling for patients enduring with
sadness and still utilized as a part of extraordinarily uncommon cases today. In a report on Tone Vale
Hospital by the NHS Hospital Advisory Service in 1947 it discuss how many of the staff carrying
out these procedures had little training . The lobotomy included cutting the cerebrum tissue inside
the frontal flaps of the mind. This had blended results and was stopped in the 50 's . In the 1940s and
1950s, scientific experts started to explore different avenues regarding powders and pills that could
fix imbalances inside the mind and convey genuine alleviation to individuals who had emotional
instabilities. Instead of strapping individuals down to their beds, or getting some information about
their issues, these scientific experts would have liked to utilize a type of synthetic limitation.
Individuals would feel better, and they may carry on better, and no standardization would be
required at all. To a vast degree, this was an effective task. Pharmaceuticals like lithium appeared to
be fit for relieving individuals with exceptionally serious instances of bipolar issue, while
antipsychotic solutions appeared to be equipped for peopling with

The Role Of Discrimination In Psychiatric Hospitals

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Jessica Howard

More from Jessica Howard (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

The Role Of Discrimination In Psychiatric Hospitals