External vs Internal Environment

Difference Between External And External Environment
1. Organizations have both external and an internal environment. The external environment consists
of two layers: the general environment and the task environment. General environment is everything
outside an organization's boundaries it's a set of broad dimensions and forces in an organization's
surroundings that create its overall context–economic, legal, political, socio–cultural, international,
and technical forces. For example, McDonald's general environment–Economic Dimension is
moderate economic growth, low unemployment, low inflation, Technological Dimension has
improved information technology, and more efficient operating systems, and Political–Legal
Dimension–government food standards, local zoning climate, and general posture toward business
regulation. Task environment is specific groups and organizations that affect the firm. An
organization's task environment includes its competitors, customers, suppliers, strategic, partners,
and regulators. McDonald's competitors for example are Burger King, Wendy's, Subway, and more,
Suppliers are Coca–Cola, wholesale food processors, packaging manufacturers, Strategic Partner's
are Wal–Mart, Disney, and Foreign Partners and Regulators are Food and Drug Administration,
Securities and Exchange Commission, and Environmental Protection Agency. Internal environment
are conditions and forces present and at work within an organization such as owners, board of
directors, employees, and physical work environment.
2. Ethics is an
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External Vs External Locus Of Control
Locus of control is the psychological term that either your fate or somethings fate is determined.
There are two locus of controls, internal and external. Internal locus of control is all the gifts you
receive is determined by his own decisions. An example of internal locus of control is someone
failing on a quiz because he didn't study. External locus of control is either you fate or somethings
fate is determined by luck or chance. An example of external locus of control is someone winning
the lottery. These two determine how good you do at school. People who have internal locus of
control do better than people who have external locus of control. This is because people who have
internal locus of control believe that if they study and work

External Vs External Sourcing Essay
1. (5 points) Explain the concept of sourcing. What makes one source more effective than others?
The concept of sourcing comes from a part of the recruiting process as it is done for internal as well
as external job candidates, and it involves analyzing different possible sources of recruits to identify
those best able to meet the organization's recruitment goals.
Both internal and external sourcing has strengths and limitations such as an organization that relies
solely on internal sourcing also runs the risk of limiting new ideas and insights and on the other
hand external candidates may be more likely than insiders to see challenges and opportunities in a
new way and to bring fresh ideas to the company. But than again, external sourcing usually takes
longer than internal sourcing and costs more as well, all in all, at some point many organizations
rely on external recruiting sources to bring in new talent or desired skills (Phillips & Gully, 2014).
Internal sourcing often lies at the core of an organization's recruitment system and a lot of times
current employees are usually considered first when a job becomes available particularly for
organizations whose talent philosophy supports promotion from within, such as the company I work
for, therefore making internal sourcing more effective than external sourcing. Due to the fact that
current employees can quickly grasp the concept of the skills and information needed for the
position once hired, a lot of companies try

External Influences
External Influences and Women When western culture spreads, it can have adverse effects on those
who it reaches. In "The Globalization of Eating Disorders" Susan Bordo attributes the spread of
eating disorders to western culture. Specifically, she has noticed that the number of eating disorders
has risen in Fiji, Central Africa, and Asia. For example, Central Africans favored plump women
before a woman whose beauty conformed to western ideals was the first black African to win the
Miss World Pageant (259). This article argues that the dominant culture can be poisonous. Not only
does western culture affect how women see their bodies, but it also affects how they see their wits.
"When Bright Girls Decide that Math Is 'a Waste of Time'" by Susan Jacoby claims that girls shy
away from scientific and mathematical (STEM) fields because they fear to be unattractive by males
and the intimidation of male–dominated careers. Women are more likely to major in fine arts, social
sciences or education (32). According to Susan Jacoby, girls who decide to cut math and science out
of their schedules set limitations on what they are capable of. External influences are to blame for
women developing eating disorders and shying away from STEM fields. Western society has a
relatively strict idea about how a woman should look, think, and act. It lauds thinness and
disapproves of fatness. This kind of notion causes women to seriously question themselves. Ideal
bodies and faces are all over the

External Control
It is essential for ensuring of ethical behavior in the decision–making process in public
administration to rely on the complex system of external and internal controls. An example of
external control can be a professional code of ethics. This form of external control is a
representation of values and norms of conduct common for the certain professional group and
promoted by professional associations. These norms can be enforced by a different level of
sanctions or be more descriptive and possess space for discretion. The professional code of ethics
can regulate the areas of moral responsibilities that cannot be directly enforced by law due to the
difficulty to clearly define and prove a violation, intention to harm, etc. For instance, The ... Show
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Even though internal control can be also influenced by some external factors, like public opinion or
judgment of colleagues, it depends mostly on the personal set of values and moral standards of the
public servant. Professional associations can promote the implementation of internal control. An
example of such practice can be the guide of ethical reflections developed for public administrators
by The American Association for Public Administration. This guide appeals to the individual
reflection of moral norms by the government employees. The main cons of the internal form of
control are in the diversity of ethical norms, views, beliefs and values in pluralistic society.
Individual values rely on cultural perspective, life experience, and religion views. Thus, it's difficult
to achieve the standardized vision of the ethical conduct among professionals if rely only on internal
control. Internal controls also lack stability and consistency and may vary from case to case. People
may find excuses for certain actions in one case based on their personal sympathy to somebody, and
be strict in another similar situation. Nevertheless, internal means of control are important and
valuable as they reach to the level of personal moral where the law of code of ethics are limited.
They may be more effective and prevent the misconduct in the vague, undefined situation, where
sanctions would be inapplicable, and when professionals can use their own judgment on what is
right and wrong. Internal control helps to maintain good conduct without costly bureaucratic
procedures and

External Oppression
Imagine being trapped in a room with no way to escape. That feeling of anxiety or hopelessness
building inside of your body. Some people may even go crazy. Because you're not only experiencing
external oppression by being locked in the room, but it may also cause some internal struggles. In
this essay, I will compare the themes of the poems, "Caged Bird," and "Seen From the "L"," in order
to gain a better understanding of the author's views of internal and external oppression faced by their
characters. "Caged Bird," is one of the most renowned pieces by the late Maya Angelou. The poem
depicts a bird trapped in a cage like portrayed in the title. At first, the beginning stanza has a very
cheerful tone. Images of a bird flying freely in the sky and having no worries are drawn in the
readers' minds. Suddenly the following two stanzas transition to more of a hopeless and angry tone.
Instead of imagining a free bird, now we see a caged bird having its wings clipped. Even though the
bird is in a terrible situation, it still manages to open its throat to sing. "Seen From The "L"," by
Djuna Barnes is another popular poem. It is piece about ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lines 2–3 sets the woman in a very dreary setting. It says, "A vague molested carpet pitches/Down
the dusty length of stair." As we further more progress into the poem, one can see the woman's
internal struggle in lines 15–16, "Than her body in its prime,/They are chain–stitched to her soul for
time." From those lines, we can see that her ultimate fate is aging. Though she is struggling
however, unlike the "caged bird" she is not resisting. She's indifferent to the situation, proven in
lines 5–6, "she does not care/It's always there." Furthermore, I think Barnes intent on writing the
poem is to reveal the truth about how society sees women's

External Factors And External Influences In An Organization
6. External influences
External influences or external factors are the issues that are out of the business control. there are
several external factors in an organization that may bring major effects, for my case the factors that
may affect me are as follows;
Competition– in Oman, a lot of fitness centers are available and they are well established and
known, to me it might be a great risk or it as well might take me time to gain a lot of clients. since
gyms are in high demand, a lot of people open up different centers in different areas of Muscat.
Economy– the economy of the country may have a great impact on the business. the fall of GDP
will affect a lot of people, unemployment rate will increase which will eventually decrease the
amount of customers in our centre, since people will not be able to afford paying for the services.
P2 under this criteria, I shall elucidate on how to identify the target ... Show more content on
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therefore when questionnaires are being prepared, the company needs to make sure that the
questions being provided to the clients are clear and straight forward, they should let the
interviewees aware if its open or closed questions.
For my case, I shall prepare open questions to the people for my research because due to that I will
be able to know different opinions, likes and dislikes about different people regarding my business.
this way, I will be able to follow steps that my clients are expecting to have and that way I will be
having a good communication with them as well as pulling them closer. but if I give them closed
questions with limited answers, some may just respond in a fake way and if I don't put any in
consideration then I might lose many people for my business since I did not consider them at all.
Hence, our clients and external environment should be our priority.
SWOT

What Are The External And External Factors Of Virtuas
Virtuas
Business Simulation
BUS–3203
Hamad Alshamsi H00278010
Khalid Almarzooki H00276900
Salim Almusherrekh H0028616
Instructor: Michael Anthonisz
Table of Contents
Introduction: 3
External factors: 4
PEST Analysis 4
SWOT Analysis: 5
Five forces 5
Supplier power 5
Buyer power 5
Competitive rivalry 6
Threat of substitute 6
Threat of new entry 6
Internal Factors: 7
Management Teams 7
SOSTAC: 7
Situation: 7
Control: 9
Mission 9
Vision 9
Overall objective of Team Ochre: 9
Functional Objectives 10
Marketing & Sales: 10
Strategies to achieve those objectives 11
Product Differentiation 12
Price 12
Place 12
Promotion 12

Virtuas
Introduction:
This report will list the company's external and internal factors, and discuss its objectives. This ...
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Ochre's main goal is to take lead of the global market shares, more than the quarter of the markets,
and will research and try to find effective strategy to keep hold of that market shares. We plan to
keep our current customers by studying the market, and trying our best to predict future demands.
There are a lot of aspects that we can manipulate to come out on top. Since the beginning we have
been the first movers in all of markets and the first advanced technologies however now that
competitors have reached our level of technological advancement we must develop a new strategy
that will secure our position on top. Since we were first movers we have built many plants in the US
and Asia, thus reducing our costs from logistics thanks to this we can adopt our new low cost

The Governance Of External Auditors
Governance of external auditors
Role of auditor
In an effort to transform MSEL into a listed company, we should be able to ensure that the
shareholders' interests are protected. In the past, 85% of shares were owned by the directors, and
they were highly motivated to work for the profitability of MSEL as the share was directly
correlated with their remuneration. However, after joining the London Stock Exchange, the
directors' proportion of shares will inevitably decrease as a result of issuing new shares.
It is not uncommon that human are self–interest, as the agents (managers) of MSEL, shareholders
will be afraid that the information provided by us tends to be inadequate, making them suffer
unnecessary risks. To deal with this problem, auditors have been introduced. By making contracts
with the business, auditors act as the "supervisory body" and provide detailed report to the
shareholders. In a way, auditors prevent the business from manipulating and cheating the
shareholders, and then protect the public interest.
Issue of contract with Adams & Co
Although we know that Adams & Co, our auditor, has given a 'clean audit opinion', there still
remains some serious problems with reference to the corporate governance aspect. The senior
partner of auditors, Bill, was at the same university with Jack Bradford, our business establisher.
The public may worry that governance of MSEL will be insufficient, because Adams & Co can be in
a position to shield MSEL for own interest.
To

External, Internal, and Construct Validity Essay
Validity pertains to both the methods and the design of a research study and indicates "the degree
with which correct inferences can be made from the results of a research study" (Indiana University
Of Pennsylvania, 2010). According to Trochim and Donnelly, there are four types of validity
including conclusion, internal, construct, and external (2008). In this assignment, three of these
types will be discussed. Internal validity is the extent to which a test measures what it claims to
measure. External validity on the other hand, is the extent to which the results of a research study
can be generalized to other groups, other times, and other settings. Construct validity demonstrates
an association between results and the prediction of a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Instrumentation is concerned a lack of consistency in the measuring instrument that could account
for invalid results of a research study. This threat is most likely to occur when two different forms
are used for the pre and post tests or if the instrument is constructed poorly. (Creswell, 2009).
Mortality can occur if research participants drop out of the study before completion. This problem is
more likely to occur if participants are volunteers or if the sample group is too small (Creswell,
2009). Statistical regression is the tendency of participants who score high on a pretest to score
lower (or closer to the mean) on the posttest and consequently, participants who score low on a
pretest tend to score higher on the posttest. This regression may significantly influence the
distribution of scores. Finally, differential selection can occur if already formed groups are used in a
study as the groups may have had existing differences from the beginning. For example, the subjects
in each group may have extreme age differences or educational backgrounds. As a result, any
differences found at the posttest may be due to these "differential selection" differences rather than
being due to the independent variable. External validity is the degree to which the results of a
research study can be generalized to and across other populations, settings, times and tasks. The
threats to external validity compromise a

Why Is It Important for External Auditors to Be...
Why is it important for external auditors to be independent? Relate your answer to the primary role
of external auditors? By Zachariah Godfrey–Plews
This essay has asked me to look at the importance of external auditors and why it is vital for them to
remain independent. I will try and look at the many ways of the advantages of independent auditing
from different perspectives for example the company itself, the general public and the state. I think
it is important to first define what an audit and an external auditor to be able to answer this question
effectively. Firstly an audit is (1)"an accounting procedure under which the financial records of a
company or individual are closely inspected to make sure that they are accurate." An ... Show more
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A independent review from an auditor of the companies accounts will have many benefits to the
owner for example for example he/she will be satisfied of the workings of that particular
department. This will mean that the owner will have confidence of where they should place their
funds or research and development if they know for sure that there department's financial record are
in order. This will then allow for the best method to allocate resources allowing for greater
efficiency and overall the company to be profitable in the future. Also allowing for the report to be
independent the report of the auditor will be true and fair in all respects. An independent auditor will
also help keep staff of that company in check because of the fear that in the near future the accounts
are to be examined and action would be taken against them if any irregular actions have been caused
to happen. Thus the independent audit prevents this from starting in the first place and helps keep
the staff in a moral check.
A report by an independent auditor can also help in the process of borrowing money. As the report
will have been done by an independent auditor it then becomes very easy for example a bank to trust
this and therefore becomes very easy for them to issue a loan without time or delay. Also it may
enable the firm to achieve a better rate than otherwise expected because they may be seen as a less
risky investment. This can obviously

Audit Committee Annual Evaluation of the External Auditor
AUDITOR'S INDEPENDENCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN NIGERIA PUBLIC ENTERPRISE
This study seeks to identify the determinants of auditors' independence in public enterprises and
determine the policy implications of lack of auditors' independence in the public sector. The data for
the research was primary and collected via questionnaire from the Nigerian Ports Authority
Headquarters Lagos. The questionnaire responses were analyzed using the percentage method. The
hypothesis was tested using the chi–square method. The study revealed that there is need for the
audit of public enterprises in Nigeria; there is objectivity in the appointment of the external auditor
for the audit of public enterprises in Nigeria; and that the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The same people who are therefore placed in a position to render stewardship accounts are now
given the power to hire and fire' external auditors who would audit the accounts of their own
activities. This runs counter to the ideal principles of public accountability. Therefore it will put the
auditor's investigative and reporting independence in danger and this may defeat the purpose of
public audit and erode the independence and hence, the objectivity of report of the auditors. In this
case, independence of the auditor will give impact on the accountability of the public enterprises in
Nigeria. In this case study, it will discuss the impacts of auditor's independence on accountability in
Nigerian public enterprises by finding answers to such questions as: to what extent does the
auditor's independence impact on accountability in Nigerian public enterprises; what are the
determinants of auditors' independence in public enterprises; what are the factors, which encourage
the independence of auditors in public enterprises; what are the factors, which reduce the
independence of auditors in public enterprises; and what are the policy implications of lack of
auditors' independence in the public sector?
The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants' (AICPA) Code of Professional Conduct

External Obstacles
This week in class was particularly interesting. We did a bunch of new exercises and that led to a lot
of new ideas of thinking. For example, Thursday we talked about external and internal obstacles. It
was a very cool comparison to how we talk about adversity in my sports. External obstacles are
those that physically effect you, like a broken bone, or a big mountain. I believe that external
obstacles are more easily concord than internal obstacles. Internal obstacles are those that play with
your emotion. They are chemical that are in your brain. These I believe are harder to overcome
mostly because they are subconscious. Its hard to identify all of your internal obstacles. And then
admitting and trying to work on them is a whole different

What Are The Factors Of An External And External Environment
Since the development of competitive strategy of the enterprise in the interconnected markets
important components are factors of an external and internal environment of the enterprise, the
assessment of security of the enterprise with resources and the analysis of a situation of environment
can affect realization of the chosen strategy (1, with. 128).
Dynamic changes in the external environment and the adaptability, flexibility of the enterprises lead
emergence of new approaches and methods for the analysis of internal and external environment to
determine the orientation of the company.
In the conditions of dynamically developing environment, the main instrument of regular strategic
management at the majority of the companies is the matrix ... Show more content on
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PEST analysis assumes carrying out the strategic analysis of political (Р – political), economic (Е –
economic), social (S – social), technological (T – technological), ecological (Ecology), legislative
(Legal) factors of external environment of the organization. PESTEL analysis is a tool of
historically created four–element strategic analysis.
For each concrete organization in its external environment, there is the special set of key factors,
which directly and most essentially influences certain business (2, p. 365). For the analysis of
internal factors of the enterprise various methods and approaches are used, among which the most
popular and often applied is SNW analysis, which represents an abbreviation of three English words
designating a strong position, a neutral position, a weak position.
Except PESTEL analysis, SWOT analysis and some other matrixes of strategic planning, in the
organizations alternative approaches to development of strategy are used rather widely. The main
methods and tools, which allow carrying out development and justification of strategy of the
enterprise, are presented

What Is the Need for an External Audit
The need for an external audit in the case of companies arises primarily from the existence of split–
up of ownership from control. When control is shared an audit report will be needed in order to
ensure that all the partners or be it shareholders are on the same page as the managers (the ones who
will be controlling the company) and know what has been happening in the company, what is
happening at present and what can be expected to happen in the future in order to increase returns in
the company. The case of an owner controlled company is different as usually the manager will be
working in the company and will be aware of everything that will be taking place and will not need
an audit report to find out what is going on. Since the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Where the financial year started after April 2008 the parameters increased to, annual turnover less
than 6.5 million pounds, balance sheet total less than 3.26 million pounds and average number of
employees less than 50.When an owner controlled company satisfies the audit exemption
parameters it can maintain that audit exemption for a full financial year afterwards even if the
parameters were exceed in that following financial year. There are benefits in submitting
abbreviated accounts as simpler and easier accounting records can be maintained reducing time
spent on accountancy work. In addition although potential suppliers and financial institutions may
require details of the year end financial accounts it is acceptable not to publish full details. In China,
Owner controlled companies have an exemption from the audit and this gives management for
smaller companies some newfound flexibility, Alyssa Martin says. Companies may not have to
produce as much documentation or perform as much testing to produce management's assertion as
they might have had to produce for the sake of the audit, she says."They can use other measures,
like ongoing monitors or their own personal experience, to assess internal controls when they don't
have to have the external auditor auditing their process or leveraging their process in performing the
audit of internal control," notes Weaver's Martin. Yong Xu, CFO for Jingwei International,

External And Internal And External Analyses
External and internal analyses are used to help you find the sources of competitive advantage. The
order in which these analyses are conducted is not important. This is because they both use each
other to get the best information, order does not matter because they go together without mattering
what's done first. Both internal and external analyses allow firms to identify not only environmental
threats and opportunities, but also it helps the firm identify its weaknesses and positive strengths of
the firm.
1.8 Will a firm that has a sustained competitive disadvantage necessarily go out of business?
A firm that has sustained competitive disadvantage wouldn't necessary go out of business for sure,
but it will put them in danger which could ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is because the firm has a return on investment of 11.64% as shown above. The ROA and
WACC are lower than the ROA of the industry.
1–16. Do these same firms have below average, average, or above average accounting performance?
a. ROA = 14.3%, Industry Avg. ROA = 15.2%
(Below average performance for accounting)
Return on investment is lower than that of the industry.
b. ROA = 4.3%, Industry Avg. ROA = 4.1%
(Average accounting performance)
The difference is super small even though the return on investment is a little higher than the
industry's. Making it average.
c. ROA = 6.5%, Industry Avg. ROA = 6.1% (Above average accounting performance)
ROA is higher than the industry, making it above.
d. ROA = 8.3%, Industry Avg. ROA = 9.4%
(Below average performance for accounting)
Return on investment is lower than the industry.
2.8. Describe when the evolution of industry structure from an emerging industry to a mature
industry to a declining industry is inevitable.
The demand is higher than the supply as told by the industry growth. For the maturity stage, the
number of competitors is very big and this make prices drop down and be a big threat for future
profitability. During the decline stage, as the capacity exceeds supply, the power of the buyers
increases from it. This is because the market environment is always changing with time, so the
industry must follow this life cycle to keep up with others. This makes make the evolution of the
industry

External Benchmarking
Internal and External Comparison Benchmarking Best Practices Benchmarking is an effective
device to increase aggressive understanding and gives "confirm based" perspectives of execution all
product and organization lifecycles. All in all, it is the utilization of what is found out in
benchmarking that conveys the checked and amazing outcomes so regularly noted. We supplement
the traditional metrics–focused approach with an investigation of why and how practices deliver
extraordinary outcomes. Numerous industry pioneers and organizations utilize benchmarking tool to
recognize the holes in the process to enhance and upgrade execution. We should start with internal
benchmarking. In its most straightforward simplest form, inside benchmarking ... Show more
For actualizing electronic healthcare records management, a HIT, which includes subject and
undertaking administration, ought to be executed out of the central four types accessible such as:
Tactical frameworks, which are fundamentally utilized for data grouping
Administrative data frameworks that oversee administrative business related to healing hospitals or
medical organizations.
A subject and assignment administration framework, which incorporates the administration of
electronic health records.
Revenue and charging administration

External Auditor Of An Organization Essay
External Auditor Concentrates for distinguishing and assessing patterns What 's more occasions past
the control of an absolute firm.
Likewise called: –Environmental scanning
Uncovers key chances What 's more dangers standing up to an association with the goal that
supervisors could define methodologies on take advantage of the chances and dodge alternately
lessen those sway from claiming dangers
When an external auditor looks at a company, she must take a gander at the internal workings of the
benefits of the business to assess the association 's monetary condition. However, that auditor must
consider outside impacts looking into an organization also. No organization meets expectations over
a vacuum, and weights from the outside might influence the money related prosperity of the
business.
An external auditor performs an audit, done understanding with particular laws or rules, of the fiscal
explanations of a company, administration entity, other legitimate entity, or organization,
furthermore will be free of the substance constantly audited. Clients about these entities ' fiscal
information, for example, such that investors, administration agencies, and the all public, depend on
the outer evaluator on display an impartial What 's more autonomous review report card.
External Audit – Sources of Information
1– Internet
2– Libraries
3– Suppliers
4– Distributors
5– Salespersons
6– Customers
7– Competition
The Process of Performing an External Audit
First, gather competitive

External Boundaries
Every individual has their own boundaries. These external boundaries allow people to know their
limitations on other individual. It allows a person to know until where can an individual push things
and not hurt another person. However, when an individual imposed their own boundaries to another
person, it makes an individual feel like he/she lacks his/her own independence. Although,
sometimes the way we act towards these boundaries depend on how we view it. In the poem "I
Know Why The Caged Bird Sings" by Maya Angelou, and the biblical story "The Prodigal Son",
both characters demonstrates the impact of their external boundaries on their actions to find and feel
the freedom that was exploited from them. However, in my own experience external ... Show more
In the poem "I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings" by Maya Angelou, the poem demonstrated a
sample of external boundary being imposed on an individual. For instance, a line in the poem states,
"his wings are clipped and his feet are tied." The bird in a cage can be assumed that it is a metaphor
of a person dealing with external boundaries. This individual feels like he is imprisoned by someone
else's boundaries and he is unable to do anything about it. "So he opens his throat to sing." This line
shows how the bird persevered to get out of his current condition, but no matter how much he tried
no one was able to help him. Due to the fact that he sings he fearful trill. The outcome of his action
made the bird feel impotent because nothing happened to him. Additionally, when an individual
believe that he is powerless, it makes him feel like he is living in a sorrowful life. "His shadow
shouts on a nightmare scream." This line demonstrates that the bird is feeling miserable and
remorseful because he cannot change anything about his current situation. This section also shows
how the bird feels scared because the line states how he is screaming in a nightmare. Therefore,
having a boundary that is being imposed on an individual makes this person feel like his freedom is
lacking and makes a person feel like he has an unfortunate

Automated External Defibrillator (AED) Saves Lives!
Automated External Defibrillators (AED) can be used by the untrained bystander, even if they have
never seen or used the machine before. This machine has both voice and visual instructions;
therefore, there is no reason to be intimidated. If you see a person suddenly collapse, pass out, or
find someone unconscious, having a general knowledge of how an AED machine functions, could
save their life. Before starting AED or any life saving measure, confirm that the person is unable to
respond by shouting, shaking, or pinching on top of their shoulders. If they are unresponsive
immediately call or have a bystander call 911, locate, and retrieve the AED machine. This machine
must be used within minutes of cardiac arrest onset to be effective; therefore, time is of the essence!
Try to ascertain how long the victim has been unconscious. Determine whether they are breathing,
and if they have a pulse. If the victim is breathing they will have a pulse; if they are not breathing or
pulse is absent or irregular, prepare to use the AED once it arrives at the scene. Roll the person on
their back, and begin doing 2 minutes of CPR (30 chest compressions). Once the AED machine is at
the scene, make sure the person isn't lying in or near water. If they are they will need to be moved to
a dry area. It is imperative to stay clear of any type of wetness when delivering shocks – water will
conduct electricity. Turn on the AED power supply (some power up when you open the lid) and the
device will

External Estimates
Measures from External Estimates
External Estimates of the Number of Abortions Pooled and by Individual Year
The counts of the total number of abortions for the study period years come from published
information from the Guttmacher Institute's census of abortion providers (Finer and Henshaw 2003;
Jones and Kavanaugh 2011). Following prior research, I used the CDC's age distribution for each
year to calculate the expected number of abortions that occurred in the age distribution of Add
Health for each year, except in the years when an age distribution was collected by the Guttmacher
Institute's survey of abortion patients (Kost and Jones 2007; Fu et al. 1998). Because the CDC data
is provided in ages ranges (under 15; 15–19; 20–24; 25–29; 30–34; 35–39; 40+), the Add Health
data was restricted to best match these ranges (see Appendix 2 for further details).
The overall quality analyses (years 1994 through 2007) could potentially include pregnancies
between the ages of 10 (the youngest individuals in Wave 1 in 1994) and 32 (the oldest individuals
in Wave 4 in 2008). Though it should be noted that pregnancies under the age of 13 would be
somewhat improbable considering the median age of menarche in the U.S. is 12.43 ... Show more
For example, in 2005 women in the Add Health sample would be between 21 and 30. Women 30
and over were excluded from the analyses and the comparison group was aged–matched based upon
the CDC estimates for women aged 20–24 and 25–29. Spline and linear interpolated age estimates
from the Guttmacher Institute's survey of abortion patients were compared with the estimates used
to test the robustness of these analyses, and no significant differences were found when comparing
the 95% confidence intervals (see Appendix 3A and Appendix 3B). Overall, these external estimates
were treated as known population counts, despite the fact that some unquantified error does

The Bell Curve : External And External Factors?
Human intelligence is assessed at a young age which places people into certain groups based on
their performance. These practices can be harmful as others may begin to predetermine one's destiny
due to scoring low or high on an exam. However, the factors that make up intelligence assessments
can be up for debate as many begin to wonder if those are the factors that truly determine
intelligence. The Bell Curve, written by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, attempts to offer an
explanation on what makes up intelligence and the external and internal factors that may affect it.
Robert J. Sternberg reviews the ideas introduced in The Bell Curve involving general factors of
intelligence, cross–cultural differences, and real–world application of intelligence assessments.
The first issue Sternberg tackles is the nature of intelligence that humans differ in which Herrnstein
and Murray claim cognitive ability is the general factor for these differences. Modern scholars have
accepted general factors to determine intelligence, however, they still have statistical and
psychological disputes. The statistical disputes involve the large variety of factors that can be
determined as a general factor for intelligence. In terms of psychological disputes, many critics of
general factors contend that there are several intelligences that cannot be represented into a singular
general factor, such as analytical, practical, and biological.
According to numerous studies, the basis in which

External Factors ( Or External Environment )
Case Study
External Factors (or External Environment)
During the 1970s and 1980s, the Republic of Korea achieved exceptional economic development.
However, the government focused on regional development rather than infrastructure development
(Hine & Chelliah, 2009). Therefore, the rate of infrastructure investment had been decreasing in the
1980s in particular, which drove a lot of traffic bottlenecks in many regions, and high traffic
congestion costs in roads, railways, and seaports. At the beginning of the 1990s, the government
acknowledged the limits to fund the needed construction of infrastructure facilities and felt the need
to mobilize new sources to invest infrastructure (Kim et al., 2011).
To promote the PPP program as a new ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The government modified this law again in January 2005. The revised Act established a specialized
agency ("Public–Private Infrastructure Investment Management Center") to provide technical
assistance to the Ministry of Strategy and Finance and procuring authorities. Also, the MRG was
amended due to excessive demand. In October 2009, the MRG program ended, and was replaced by
the support measurement of compensation of base cost, under which the government shares
investment risks within the limit of the government's cost, if the project was conducted as a public
project. Therefore, the changes in toll road PPP projects characteristics can be divided as shown in
Table 2 (Hine & Chelliah, 2009; Kim et al., 2011).
Current Status of PPP highways
The first PPP highway is the Incheon International Airport Expressway completed in November
2000. As of 2015, there are 24 PPP highways in Korea, and 10 of them are operating, 8 projects are
under construction, 3 of them are in the planning stage and the remaining 3 projects are under
discussion. The total investment cost for 24 routes is 41.2 trillion won. The ratio of PPP highways
continuously increased after 2000, and the PPP highways account for 11% (460km) of the total
Korean national highways (4,139km) as of 2015. On the other hand, the PPP projects were
developed as solicited PPP projects, but since 2005, projects were in progress by unsolicited
projects.
The Problem of Risk Sharing: Minimum Revenue

External Auditors Independence Case Study
Why is it important for external auditor to be independent?
Throughout the years, banks, shareholders, possible investors and creditors always relied on the
financial statements produced by a company. Since the management of a company is producing
these documents it has been assumed that the managers may act dishonestly so that their
performance looks better. To monitor the company's performance better the directors along with the
shareholders employ external auditors to check all these financial statements for both intentional
and unintentional errors. Therefore, external auditors have no motivation to produce dishonest
reports, hence they are regarded as being truly independent. But can they actually be independent
when their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Deloitte was providing Adelphia with external Audit for more than 15 years, but suddenly (in the
end of 2001) they stopped working, claiming that the information provided by Adelphia was
unreliable. After the criminal investigation conducted by the SEC, Deloitte was accused of
negligence, deception and failure to reveal fraud. According to the SEC (2005), the results are
"Deloitte & Touche LLP has agreed to pay $50 million to settle charges stemming from its audit of
Adelphia Communications Corporation 's fiscal year 2000 financial statements." Although Deloitte
wasn't pronounced guilty, it is obvious that they could have easily detected and disclosed the
omissions and fraud that they could have found. If that had happened, probably the scale of this
catastrophe would have been smaller and Adelphia wouldn't have gone totally bankrupt. This case
inevitably shows us the importance of independent auditing.
Another threat to the independence of the auditors is a phenomenon which took place around 3 or 4
decades ago. During that time the number of firms which required audits stopped expanding, the
codes that prohibited advertising accounting firms were abolished, which enabled all these firms to
steal market from each other. Furthermore, a lot of audit bodies engaged into consulting,
bookkeeping assistance, investigation and tax advices. This trend resulted in

External Validity In Nursing Homes
Assignment 2
Introduction
In research, the concept of validity refers to the accuracy or truth of the research study (Cozby &
Bates, 2012). Furthermore, there are three important types of validity, which include external,
internal, and construct validity (Cozby & Bates, 2012). The purpose of this paper is to prepare a
validity paper based on the prevalence of elder abuse in selected Ohio nursing homes and what, if
any, consequences the nursing homes encounter.
Characteristics of External Validity
Researchers tend to draw conclusions and/or generalizations from the sample of participants in
order, to generalize about others that are not in the specific study (Trochim & Donnelly, 2008).
Therefore, it is essential that researchers learn ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, it is essential that any validity issues for the envisioned research are minimal.
Consequently, with little validity issues and/or threats to the envisioned research topic the study
results will be able to be duplicated in other areas, which could result in enhanced elder abuse
policies, laws, and/or punishment for the offender and the institution where the abused elder resides.
After, reading the assigned chapters on the three different types of validity it seems that the
construct validity concept will be the one that may pose the most issues for the envisioned research
topic. However, other elder abuse studies have been conducted in institutional settings and a few
have used the routine activities theory to obtain study results from a criminological perspective.
Therefore, it seems the construct validity requirements and the operationalizations of the constructs
correctly will pose the most issues to the envisioned research topic pertaining to elder abuse in
selected Ohio nursing homes. Any external threats that may be an issue for the envisioned research
can be minimized or excluded by randomly selected nursing homes throughout Ohio that meet
specific criteria such as, its size, location, Medicaid/Medicare approved, and type of ownership. As
a result, any external threats to the study design will be

External Audit And Non Audit Services Essay
External Audit and Non–Audit Services
Introduction
An external auditor carry out the audit work，according to particular rules or laws of the financial
statement corporation, government agencies, other juridical entity, as well as the independent
implementation of the audit commissioned. External audit is actually an important systematic
inspection, which aim at false behavior within the enterprise and deceptive behavior. The advantage
of external audit is to ensure the fairness and independence of the audit. However, the external
auditors do not understand the internal organizational structure, production processes and operating
characteristics, So difficulties may arise in the audit of the specific business. Non–audit services
refer to other authentication services, consulting services and other services other than audit
services. This essay will discuss whether the provision of non–audit services by external audit firms
is advantageous or disadvantageous, and explain how regulators can reduce the threat posed by such
regulations.
Disadvantage and disadvantage There are some advantages of using external audit firm for some
non–audit services. The external audit firm can develop expertise which used in some business areas
and specific industries that other form of consultants could not match(Quick and Warming–
Rasmussen, 2009). To provide non–audit services, such as management consulting, can make the
firm does not improve the audit resources investment(Habib, 2012).

External Stability
External Stability
External stability is the government objective that seeks to achieve current account sustainability, a
continued capacity to service foreign liabilities, and a foreign exchange rate; all of which are
necessary to facilitate and encourage economic transactions between Australia and the rest of the
world.
External stability is the aim of government policy that seeks to promote stability and sustainability
in Australia's external sector so that Australia can service its foreign liabilities in the medium to long
run and avoid currency volatility. There are three main components to external stability: 1. A
sustainable current account deficit (CAD) 2. A serviceable level of foreign liabilities 3. A stable ...
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The primary measure of the sustainability of a country's foreign debt is the debt–servicing ratio,
while the primary measure of foreign equity sustainability is the equity–servicing ratio. These ratios
indicate the proportion of export revenue that must be spent on interest payments for foreign debt
(or dividend payment on foreign equities).
In the long term, extensive growth of Australia's foreign debt can lead to a sustainability problem, as
the costs of servicing current debt can create difficulty when servicing future debts. If foreign debt
rises faster than GDP, interest repayments and other servicing costs on this debt will begin to take a
proportionately larger part of GDP, constraining economic growth and jeopardising living standards.
If prolonged, this may lead to a debt trap scenario.
Australia's Exchange Rate
Because Australia has a floating exchange rate, the currency's value is left to be determined by the
market forces of international demand and supply. There is no specific measure of exchange rate
volatility. Economists instead refer to movements in Australia's bilateral exchange rate or
movements in Australia's TWI to demonstrate exchange rate volatility. Since floating in 1983,
Australia's exchange rate has been remarkably volatile. This has been seen especially in the past six
to seven years, where the Australian dollar has appreciated substantially against the US dollar, from
record lows in August 2001 of US48 cents

External Audit Papers
External Audit
An annual audit is mandatory for public companies and may be necessary for some private
companies and charitable organizations. Any company that issues securities such as stocks and
bonds that can be bought and sold by the public on a stock exchange or an over–the–counter market
is required by law to provide annual financial statements that have been audited by an external
party. Even though private companies by law are not required to have an external audit some may
choose to institute a yearly external audit to have the assurance that the financial statements are
being fairly presented and with no material misstatements. It is different from state to state,
charitable organizations may be required to have an external audit if they meet the state law
requirement. And if during the year the organization receives more than $500,000 in federal funds
the organization is also obligated to have an audit because it meets the federal audit requirements. A
charitable organization may also be obligated to have a yearly audit if their donors require it in order
to have the security that the donations made by them will be put to use for the intended purposes.
Required or not audits can provide many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
No company wants to be expose to acts of accounting fraud. Fraud can take place in any department
and at any position within the organization due to the increasing motivations such as incentives,
pressures, and opportunities are major factors contributing to fraud. The following are a few types of
accounting frauds: payroll fraud, invoice fraud, accounts payable fraud, accounts receivable fraud,
financial statement fraud, and tax fraud. An external financial statement audit does not necessarily
guarantee that once it is completed that the audited company has no type of fraud but it reassures the
audited company that the financial statements are fairly

Importance of External Auditors
The aim of this essay is to study the function of external auditors in order to analyze why it is
important to be independent. The primary mission of external auditors is to review and evaluate all
the financial records of a company or corporation. They provide an objective opinion on the
organization's financial statement and effectiveness of the accounting polices in order to help
management to make decisions. If the independence of the external auditors is impaired, the public
will doubt the quality of professional auditing services, and the consequence would be very serious,
just like the bankruptcy of Enron led to the disorganization of Arthur Andersen, once a giant
accounting company in the world. In order to maintain and increase ... Show more content on
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If the external auditors cannot maintain their independence in their service, the clients will lose their
interests in the auditing service, and the external auditors will lose their source of revenue. The lack
of independence for external auditors will lead to the neglect of auditing risks (William R.K., 2003),
which are the main reasons for the failure of certified accountants and professional accounting
organizations. The consequence of the external auditors deprived of independence would be very
serious. And there are many cases, which aroused by the failure of external auditors and most are
related to the lack of independence. One famous example is the bankruptcy of Enron and the role
played by its external auditor, Arthur Andersen (Todd, S., 2003). Arthur Andersen was once one of
the biggest accounting companies in the world, and was canceled for the involvement in the Enron
bankruptcy scandal. Arthur Andersen supplied external auditing service to Enron since 1980s,
internal auditing since 1990s. The long–term cooperation between Arthur Andersen and Enron
blurred the lines between external auditor and the company under auditing. Many accountants of
Enron were ex–employees of Arthur Andersen. The close relation between the Arthur Andersen and
Enron led to the

The Role Of External Auditors On Public Financial Statements
External auditors play important roles in delivering credibility of public financial statements to
stakeholders outside of the audited firms (The Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia,
2008). Published financial statements can be used by stakeholders as a basis for evaluating the
financial position of firms, analyzing the performance of management, or making investment
decisions (International Organization of Securities Commissions, 2002). Published financial
statements will also be used by institutions such as rating agencies to decide the worthiness of the
firms, and by banks, to decide the amount of loans that banks are willing to lend to (International
Organization of Securities Commissions, 2002). Thus, the public is significantly influenced by the
examined financial statements by external auditors (International Organization of Securities
Commissions, 2002). For management, they need to make estimates and judgments to write
financial statements, such as choosing among alternative accounting principles by considering the
existing and potential clients base of the firm; Whilst, the auditors are responsible of examining
statements made by management and to express opinion on them (The Institute of Chartered
Accountants in Australia, 2008). Auditors will collect evidence to ensure reasonable assurance that
the disclosures and detailed numbers in the statements are free of material misstatements (Francis
and Krishnan, 1999). In addition, auditors also

External, Internal, And Construct Essay
Validity: External, Internal, and Construct
Internal validity measures what it intends to measure or, more generally, if it examines what it sets
out to examine. In effect, a valid study gives real answers to the research questions and provides a
real test of the hypotheses. According to Aken, Berends, and Bij (2007), "Internal validity concerns
conclusions about the relationship between phenomena. The results of a study are internally valid
when conclusions about relationships are justified and complete. Classical methodology has
particularly focused on the adequacy of conclusions about causal relationships. A conclusion about a
causal relationship is internally valid, when there are good reasons to assume that the proposed
relationship is adequate."
When researching the Tailored Adaptive Personality Assessment System (TAPAS) test, the goal of
which is to measure the narrow personality constructs that are known to predict outcomes in work
settings. The internal validity of this research deals with the extent to which the experiment actually
measures the relationship between the two variables. When considering the research this
hypothetical situation, one can envision a number of threats to internal validity. The threats include
the use of future soldiers in an academic setting as surrogates for employees working in an
organization, the relatively short duration of the research as compared to the ongoing nature of
personal growth, and the ability of future soldiers

Independence of External Auditor
Independence of external auditor By:– shubham kanchhal
Auditor independence refers to the independence of the auditor from parties that may have a
financial interest in business being audited. Independence requires integrity and an objective
approach for the audit process. This concept requires the auditor to carry his work freely and in an
objective manner. The purpose of an audit to enhance the credibility of a financial enhancements by
providing reasonable assurance from an independent source that present a true and fair view in
accordance with an accounting standard. This objective will not be met if users of the audit report
believe that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are three main ways in which the auditor's independence can manifest itself. Programming
independence is essentially protects the auditor's ability to select the most appropriate strategy to
conduct an audit. Auditors must be free to approach a piece of work in whatever manner they
consider best. As a client company grows and conducts new activities, the auditor's approach will
likely have to adapt the account for these. In addition, the auditing profession is a dynamic one, with
new techniques which is constantly being developed and upgraded which the auditor may decide to
use. The strategy methods which the auditors intend to implement cannot be inhibited in any way.
While programming independence protects auditors' ability to select an appropriate strategy,
investigative independence protects the auditor's ability to implement the strategy in whatever
manner they consider it necessary. Basically, auditors must have unlimited access to all company
information. Any queries regarding a company business and accounting treatment must be answered
by the company. The collection of audit evidence is an essential process, and cannot be restricted in
any way by Client Company. Reporting independence protects the auditors' ability to choose to
reveal to the public any information that they believe should be disclosed. If company directors have
been

External Auditing Of Information Security
External Auditing of Information Security
Yue Dai
ACC 412 Auditing
Belhaven University
8/1/2015
Abstract
This paper is meant to be a guide for general readers including IT professionals, external auditors
and so on. This research paper has a main focus on the external auditing of information security. It
provides a basic understanding of the reasons for external auditing of information security. It is also
meant as an aid for auditors to have solutions and Biblical implications and other possible
recommendations. A variety of research techniques are used in this passage, such as analysis of files,
writing questions, listing examples and making conclusions. In conclusion, It is essential that IT and
audit work together in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As part of this, external auditors often examine and evaluate internal controls used in managing the
risks which could affect the financial accounts, to determine if they are working properly.
Information security – Information security is way of protecting information from being stolen or
revised. All companies have secret information and they should protect them from other people who
might take advantage of them. Once the security got hacked, it can lead companies to serious
situations and they may face huge loss. Therefore the information security audit (IS audit) are
intended to improve the level of information security to maintain a certain level of security in an
organization.
Information security audit – "An information security audit is an audit of the organization 's level of
information security."(Wikipedia) It can be seen as a part of an information technology audit when
centered on the IT aspects of information security. Information technology (IT) audits assess the
controls, accuracy, and integrity of an institution's electronic data processing and computer areas.
Information security audit is often then referred to as an information technology security audit. ITs
usually have the duty to protect confidential information.
Internal control – The power point slide in the Lecture 4 defines Internal control as: "Internal control
is broadly defined as a

External Evaluator Essay
External Auditor
Concentrates for recognizing and evaluating examples What 's more events past the control of an
outright firm.
Moreover, called: –Environmental filtering
Reveals key possibilities What 's more threats facing a relationship with the objective that managers
could characterize approaches on exploit the odds and evade then again diminish those influence
from guaranteeing perils
At the point when an outside examiner takes a gander at an organization, she should look at the
inner workings of the advantages of the business to survey the affiliation 's fiscal condition.
Nonetheless, that inspector must consider outside effects investigating an association too. No
association meets desires over a vacuum, and weights from the outside might impact the cash
related flourishing of the business.
An outer evaluator plays out a review, done comprehension with specific laws or principles, of the
monetary clarifications of an organization, organization element, other true blue element, or
association, moreover will be free of the substance continually inspected. Customers about these
substances ' financial data, for instance, to such an extent that speculators, organization offices, and
the all open, rely on upon the external evaluator in plain view an unprejudiced What 's more self–
sufficient audit report card.
External Audit – Sources of Information
1– Internet
2– Libraries
3– Suppliers
4– Distributors
5– Salespersons
6– Customers
7– Competition
The Process of

External Factors
This essay is going to discuss the role of intelligence in human beings examining both internal and
external factors. Intelligence and whether it is innate or develops as one evolves, is one of
humanity's greatest debates. In everyday life one has to make decisions, solve problems and make
sense of the world and what is happening in it. From an external point of view the intelligence of a
human being develops through a constructive, cognitive process. Since the 1950s, cognitive
developmental researches agree on the now nearly universal consensus that intellectual skills are the
by–products of self–governed activity in relation to the world (Bruner, 1990; Gardner, 1985).
Considering this, it is difficult to understand that scientists ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Motivational theorists believe how motivated one is determines the level of cognition achieved
(Sternberg, 1982). Sternberg also found that if one spends more time encoding problems, they
would perform those tasks faster (1982). However much of intelligence is not understandable in
terms of scientific modes and needs supplementation by other theories that deal with less rational
modes of thinking. Those who believe that intelligence is genetic presume that there is no hope for
the people who have not been blessed biologically and that nothing can change their 'hard wiring'.
This seems extreme.
External influences come from anything outside the brain. They can be environmental,
opportunistic, behavioural and conditional. Some theorists believe that intelligence is influenced by
one's environment (external) and that one's culture determines one's nature of intelligence
(Sternberg, 1982). According to Vygotsky cognitive development occurs in a sociocultural context
and evolves out of the child's social interaction (as cited in Sigelman & Rider, 2006). A
person's environment can be influential when looking at intelligence. Other than one's family habitat
and culture there is also the question of educational opportunity. If a child is exposed to certain
concepts

External Auditors Are Responsible For Ensuring A Company's...
External auditors are responsible for ensuring a company's financial statements are free from
material misstatement. These individuals work to provide comfort and reliability to third parties,
such as investors or creditors, who may rely on a company's financial performance. As such,
auditors must objectively perform audits in a systematic and consistent manner to limit the risk of
material misstatement and false representation. However, to conduct an effective audit, extensive
planning and supervision is necessary, as defined under the first auditing standard of field work
under the Generally Accepted Auditing Standards (GAAS) created by the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) (find source). This standard states that "the ... Show more
However, auditor's must conduct certain preliminary planning activities and create an extensive plan
prior to performing the audit to guide in the collection of sufficient, appropriate evidence.
Performing Preliminary Engagement Activities
As listed in PCAOB Auditing Standard 2101, auditor's should perform the following three activities
prior to planning an audit: (1) perform procedures regarding the continuance of the client
relationship and the specific audit engagement, (2) determine compliance with independence and
ethics requirements, and (3) establish an understanding of the terms of the audit engagement with
the audit committee. Auditors update client continuance and ethical compliance throughout the audit
process; however, this task must occur prior to planning in order to address appropriate risks. The
PCAOB added the third preliminary engagement activity as of 2012 fiscal year end, which outlines
the information that an auditor must communicate to a client's audit committee. This information
must include "the objectives of the engagement, management's responsibilities, the auditor's
responsibilities, and limitations of the engagement" and may also include other issues such as fees,
billing, and access to audit documentation (AU Section 311). Auditors should communicate this
information in the form of a formal engagement letter. All of the listed preliminary engagement
activities help the auditor assess and

The Role Of External And External Influences On Business
In order for a business to achieve their goals, it is important for them to respond to internal and/or
external influences. A business goal is an outcome in which a business hopes to accomplish within a
specific time frame. External and internal influences both play a role in helping a business achieve
their goals. External influences such as social and competitive situations are outside influences that
impact a business and internal influences such as product and resources are factors that affect a
business from within. In order for businesses to achieve their goals they, therefore, must respond to
theses influences by enforcing strategies. This is clearly demonstrated in both Coke and Samsung's
journey to achieve their goals. Competitive situations are an external influence in which businesses
have competitors that they must sustain an advantage over. This can be positive for a business due to
it encouraging them to be innovative and create a variety of choices for consumers to buy. As a
result of this innovation business are able to increase their profits. However, innovation to maintain
a competitive advantage can also lead to negative results. This is due to the possibility of consumers
not liking the new product ideas and therefore not spending their money on the business products. It
is important for businesses to respond to these competitive situations by maintain their competitive
advantage so that they are able to continue keeping their business popular and

External Vs External Radiation Therapy
There are numerous approaches that are taken when treating cancer and although they all have the
same goal of accomplishing the treatments differ from the way they are administered to the way
they work on one's body. Differing to chemotherapy which happens to be one of the most common
methods of treatment used radiation therapy just so happens to be used to target one specific area of
the body where the cancerous cells are present and causes effect to that specific area as opposed to
the whole body being exposed to cancer fighting drugs. This usually is the result of beams of intense
energy where the power is normally coming from X–rays but can often times be delivered from
other forms of energy. While it is not guaranteed that healthy cells ... Show more content on
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The machine can move around the table to change the angle of the radiation, if needed, but it will
not touch the person by any means. Internal Radiation is what usually is used when external therapy
is not as efficient as it should be since the purpose of internal radiation is to allow a higher dosage of
radiation to be given to a particular small cancerous area that the external is not able to deliver to.
The way this is distributed is through something known as an implant and it is just as it is sounds
since something is implanted inside or extremely near the tumor.
Systemic Radiation is where a radioactive drug is made up in the form of liquid with various
radioactive substances that can be given to the patient through the vein or by mouth. The way this
drug works is by distributing itself throughout the body in the blood and recollecting wherever the
cancer cells are in order to give off their radiation and proceed to fight against the cancerous

External Trends
Decision Making For Hotel & Restaurant Managers
Define the term environment in this context.
We say that strategic managers within organisations must consider environmental influences before
arriving at business decisions; discuss what these environmental forces are and how they would
impact on the decisions made by strategic management on the future viability of the business.
As well as this, do a brief analysis of the 5 forces driving competition in the hospitality industry
using Porters model as the basis of your analysis.
If there is a question: "What must be considered for managers in the first stage of business decision
making?", one of the component elements included in the right answer definitely is analysing the
external ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Decision makers should "seek answers to questions regarding any emerging attitude changes and
social attitude with regard to environment" (Pizam, 2005, p.226). Beamish (2008, p.74) reckons that
society nowadays becomes more multicultural resulted by more varied immigration sources and
assumptions about what is "normal" or "acceptable" become less clear. Supermarket products' range
is good example with a vast variety of food choices.
Last but not least, sustainability trends become more significant day by day. The application of
sustainability is an important factor in the management of any business, because Lockyer (2007,
p.185) believed that "there is a vital relationship between continual growth and available resources
and the future which requires serious consideration". In addition, although Capon (2008, p.31)
considered the term "environment" refers to much more than the ecological, she could not deny that
"being environmentally friendly and reducing the carbon footprint can be part of an organization's
strategy". In fact, many "green" hotels succeed with their strategy of social responsibility and
ecological health such as Starwood's Element Hotels, which are simple and smart designed in order
to get natural energies that bring their customers the healthy living environment.
At the layer of components that directly affect an organization's activities, an industry analysis,
which is usually made by Five Forces Model called Porter analysis, is crucial for

External vs Internal Environment

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