Research Paper On Leonardo

Research Paper On Leonardo
What were some interesting points of leonardo da vinci's life? Leonardo was a very interesting painter who managed to do so much more.
Leonardo da vinci was born on April 15, 1452 at three o'clock in the night, ser piero's son in tuscan hill virginia in italy. His mother was caterina. In
1457 He was a age five living in a household and was known as illegitimate. He also lived in the household of his father, and grandparents uncle,
francisco in snow town da vinci... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Leonardo da vinci wrote a letter to ludovico, describing engineer painting skills. He also created the silver lyre. Created silver lyre. He continued his
work from 1482 to the year of 1499. Leonardo exposed many skills such as, drafting, chemistry, metallurgy, metal working, plaster, casting, leather
working, mechanics and carpentry. He had many artistic skills such as drawing, painting, sculpting, and modeling. Alot were done by employees.
He only recorded his childhood. One was an omen, "kite, from sky, hovered, over cade, tail feathers that brushed his face." In 1489 seven years later
after leonardo arrived in milan, his works and studied have been going very well. He was able to write to publish a treatise on anatomy. He filled his
notebook with scholarly findings and his philosophies. Sydney Freedberg, an art historian said the mona lisa that it is "an image in which a breathing
instant and a composure for all time are held in suspension,"pg. 48. The painting of the mona lisa reached the highest point during the Milan period
with the last supper commissioned by ludovico and the Dominican friars.The painting started in 1495 and completed in
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Maria Kolbe Research Paper
Early life of Saint Maximilian Kolbe
Maria Kolbe was born on January 8, 1894 in the kingdom of Poland, part of the Russian Empire. Saint Maximilian was baptized in the parish church
called ''The Assumption Of The Virgin Mary'' in the Wloclawek diocese. His family was very poor, but he always kept a happy heart, even during the
hardest times. His father, Juliusz Kolbe, was German and his mother, Maria Dabrowska, was Polish. His parents were always hardworking and
religious, and they made sure to teach the children to follow God's will at all times. In 1914 his father was captured by the Russians and hanged for
participating in a battle to free Poland. At the age of 12, Maximilian's life changed when he had a vision of the Blessed Virgen Mary. During his
vision, he asked Our Lady what was to become of him. The Blessed Virgen Mary showed him two crowns, one white and the other one red. The
white crown meant he was going to keep his purity, and the red crown meant he was going to become a martyr. He told Our Lady he would accept
both. When he was 13 years old, he and his older brother entered the Franciscan Fathers Seminary in the polish city of Lvov, which was at that time
occupied by Austria. It was in the seminary where he adopted the name Maximilian and dedicated his life to pray for the conversion of sinners and the
enemies of the church. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Maximilian Kolbe attended Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome. He completed his studies in 1918 and was ordained a priest. Three years later,
during the Second War, he was captured along with other friars and sent to concentration camps in Germany and Poland. He was free shortly thereafter,
on the same day he consecrated himself to the Immaculate

The Protestant Reformers And The Catholic Church
Introduction
Although the Protestant Reformers (i.e., Luther, and Zwingli) challenged the Roman Catholic Church to return to Scripture as the primary source of
Christian theology, members of other groups believed Luther and Zwingli failed to include the New Testament teachings on the difference between the
church and society. As a result, a group of Protestant radicals led by Georg Blaurock and Conrad Grebel founded a new congregation that became
known as the Anabaptist. The split occurred when the radicals could not convince Zwingli to agree with their views on the connection between the
civic community and the religious community. Consequently, the Anabaptist and later the Mennonites expanded on theProtestant Reformation. In ...
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. . so that no one who is in the state of grace . . . can be lawfully hindered therefrom". In regards to confessions, Canon 21 of the Fourth Lateran
Council stated that, "Every Christian who has reached years of discretion to confess all his or her sins at least once a year to his or her own
priest". Moreover, On December 8, 1854 on the Feast of the Conception, Pope Pius IX declared that, "The most blessed Virgin Mary . . . by a
special grace and privilege of Almighty God . . . was preserved immaculate from all stain of original sin". The Pope's motive for declaring the
Blessed Virgin Mary immaculate was to assure blessing for the Church. Specifically, Pope Pius IX believed the Blessed Virgin Mary was the way to
salvation. He stated, "the whole ground of our confidence is placed in the most holy Virgin . . . if there be any grace, if there be any salvation we
must receive it solely from her". Furthermore, all Catholics were required to understand and believe in the teachings of the church, accept the supreme
authority of the church and develop his or her inner life. In other words, it was required that devout Catholics adhere to all decrees issued by
ecumenical councils. Accordingly, at the Fourth Lateran Council theCatholic Church the following decrees were issued. 1) The Catholic Church is the
one universal church and no one outside of the church can be saved, 2) Jesus' body and blood is contained in the sacraments, 3) Only ordained

Principles Of The Immaculate Conception
Immaculate Conception
Raphaella Henson–Vendrell
Ms.O'Connor
P5 Orange
"I have upheld the intent and principles of the Paul VI Academic Honor Code while completing this assignment."
The Immaculate Conception is Mary's birth without stain of original sin. The word Immaculate itself means "without stain". Mary was protected by
God's grace. From the moment she was born, she was in a state of sanctifying grace and free from the corrupt effects from original sin. The angel
Gabriel said Hail, full of grace, the Lord is with you" (Luke 1:28). This meaning that Mary was born with the gifts of grace by God. She is also
preserved by original sin and the Lord is guiding her and she is protected by God. According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church, the Father
blessed Mary more than anyone else he has created. He chose Mary to be the basis of the world and to be holy and not blamed for the faults of the
world. "The splendor of an entirely unique holiness by which Mary is enriched from the first instant of her conception comes wholly from Christ.
She is redeemed, in a more exalted fashion, by reason of the merits of her Son " (CCC,492). This meaning that Mary was saved in superior fashion and
it was because she was going to be the mother of our savior Jesus Christ. Mary is also filled with holiness which she first was blessed with from God
when she was born. The Blessed Virgin Marywas the second person to be created and born immaculate. Eve was the first person

Dogmatic Differences Between The Roman Catholic Church And...
Dogmatic Differences Between the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church
Christianity is a major world religion with several branches, which, despite sharing common ideas and beliefs, have developed significant differences
over the course of history.
Perhaps the greatest breach in the Church happened in 1054 and is called the Great Schism. The causes of this division are sophisticated and rooted in
history. To put it shortly, even before the Roman Empire was split into the Western and the Byzantine Empires, the independent development of the
Latin–speaking West and the Greek–speaking East led to significant differences in scholarly cultures and traditions. This controversy resulted in the
Schism; the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church were declared as two separate churches.
There have been numerous discussions and works that describe the differences between these two branches of Christianity. However, an average
learner should treat any matter he reads on the subject carefully, since academic works are not so widely available, and the sources that are readily ...
Catholics view the Pope as the 'Vicar of Christ', the visible head of the church on Earth; thus, he is a supreme power in the Church. The teaching
about his primacy is rooted in the belief that he is the spiritual successor of St. Peter, who was given the responsibility to care for the Church. The
Pope has supreme authority over church councils and should be respected by all other bishops. However, the Pope's authority is only prevalent in
regards to practicing of common faith and spiritual leadership. Of course, there have been cases where the Pope abused his power, but at least in
theory the Pope is not a dictator ruling with absolute power over the Church. He should also not strive to have temporal and secular power, as Pope
John Paul II demonstrated by refusing to wear the papal tiara at the time of his

Trobriand Society: The Meaning Behind The Kula
The Kula is one of the most complicated aspects in Trobriand society. Throughout anthropological history, two anthropologists, namely Bronislaw
Malinowski and Annette Wiener, have successfully given people a look into the intricate works of the Kula. While no anthropologist is more right than
the other, one can see how two different ethnographers can give two very different analysis of one ceremonial gift giving ritual. Malinowski studies the
Kula through the lens of an individualistic functionalist while Wiener studies through a structural functionalist lens. Malinowski studies the causes and
affects of this Trobriand gifting on the individual, while Wiener gives the people a look into the overall cultural meaning behind the Kula. Located...
A man that wants to strengthen his matrilineage must grow yams in order to connect with others that are outside his matrilineage. A man also
gives some of the yam he has grown to his sister's husband and receives yam from his wife's brother. Malinowski claimed that the woman's brother
was the commanding figure in a child's life, and a father had no role in their life, because of the matrilineal descent. However Wiener observes that
a father does indeed have a role in his children's lives. The ultimate role is linking his child to resources of a different matrilineage. The child then
has an obligation to his father as a part of the overall tradition of giving and receiving. This obligation is carried on even after the father's death, in
which the child must support his father's matrilineage. A woman is said to be pregnant because a spirit child, known as waiwaia, from the island of
Tuma where the spirit of the dead ancestors are, enters her body and impregnates her (Wiener, 55). This concept of conception is similar to the
immaculate conception of the Virgin Mary with Jesus, in the Christian religion. A woman's job is to care for and nurture the child, but ultimately the
economic care of the child falls on the father. He is also in charge of decorating the baby in order to enhance their

Similarities Between Islam And Christianity
In the United Nations article 18 states "Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion; this right includes freedom to change
his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching,
practice, worship and observance." (UDHR, art. 18) Although many people around the world get punished for practicing religion. The two religions
bear some superficial similarities, the differences between the two religions is clear though. How the two religions practice their beliefs, the
population, beliefs, and how they view "Jesus" are different and similar. Although the two religions are very different from each other, they also show
some similarities. The main similarity is that Islam and Christianity both are monotheistic; meaning they believe in one god. Which are 2 out of the 3
major religions to be monotheistic. They believe that God is the creator of the universe. Likewise, both religions believe in the immaculate
conception, when mary was blessed with a son as a virgin. They both believe that Jesus was sinless and pure and formed miracles, (Godlas, sec. 1).
Another big similarity is that afterlife. They both view the after life as a Heaven/paradise or hell, and they view afterlife as very important. The
religions also believe that Jesus will return in the end of the days. They both believe that he will return and will take all the believers up to Heaven. The

Nicaragua's First American Revolution
Nicaragua is the largest Central American country and was settled in as a Spanish colony back in the 1520's. In 1522 Spanish explorer Gil Gonzalez
de Avila named the colony "Nicaragua" after an Amerindian chief named Nicarao who once ruled the area, making Nicaragua have Spanish and Indian
cultures. Back in 1523–24 Francisco Hernandez de Cordoba officially completed his exploration of Nicaragua. In 1838 Nicaragua fully gained its
independence from Spain. William Walker assumed presidency over the country in 1856, and had seeked U.S. annexation as well as sanctioning
slavery. General Jose Santos Zelaya was Nicaragua's first dictator that took power in 1893. National hero Cesar Augusto Sandino starts a rebellion
against US occupiers and other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Vianica. com) Although they're passionate about their costumes, they aren't so vibrant about their formal wear; traditionally men wear guayabera
in white, which is a Caribbean style outfit. (Nations of the World, pg. 1355) Nicaraguans are not only passionate about their culture, but they have
big spirits about their athletics. Rather if its Nicaraguan football, baseball, or boxing, they have people that have impacted sports history in different
ways. Although football is popular there, baseball holds the hearts of Nicaraguan people and is taken serious. Their national baseball league is
called La Liga Nicaraguense de Beisbol Profesional and has only 4 national baseball teams: Indios Del Boer, Tigres Del Chinandega, Leones de Leon,
and Orientales de Granada. (Nicaragua.com/sports)Another way of showing passion towards culture is by the celebration of their national holidays;
New Years Day, Labor Day, Independence Day, and Christmas Day, are the only holidays that theUnited States celebrates too. The others are The
Sandinista Revolution Day, which is July 19th, Battle of San Jacinto, which is September 14th, and Feast of the Immaculate Conception, which is
December 8th. They have both national holidays and other holidays known as "observances"; Maundy Thursday, March 24th, Good Friday, March
25th, Holy Saturday, March 26th, Easter Day, March 27th, The Santo Domingo Celebration, August 1st
–10th, Army Day,

Italy
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction and Country Background1
Culture4
Economy12
Standard Operating Practices18
SWOT Analysis27
Conclusion40
References42
Introduction & Country Background
Geographically, Italy is comprised of a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, as well as two large islands. The shape of Italy has been
depicted as a 'boot' in many cartoons and drawings for years. The country covers over 116,000 square miles, making it approximately the combined
size of Florida and Georgia. (Killinger, 2002) Italy is a democratic republic that has a current population of around 60 million people, making it the
twenty–third most populous country in the world. Italy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Italy is also the fourth largest tourism earning nation in the world and the fifth most visited country. ("Economy of Italy," 2010)
Italy is currently said to be in a recession, with industrial output dropping 6.6 percent in the last year. The shutdown of factories has been
announced by Fiat in the wake of falling car sales. Italy is referred to as the "sick man of Europe" due to political instability, lack of infrastructure
development and economic stagnation. The average annual rate of growth in Italy is 1.23 percent compared to the 2.28 percent average growth rate
in the EU over the last ten years. In January of this year unemployment hit 8.6 percent yet it is predicated that Italy will pull out of its recession by the
end of 2010. ("Economy of Italy," 2010)

Culture
Values and Norms
Since World War II, Italian society has profoundly changed, with a significant impact on daily life. One of the main elements of change is the more
visible role women play in society outside the home, such as increased participation in higher education and various professions. One aspect of this
changed role is that Italy records one of the lowest average numbers of children per woman in the world, as well as some of the lowest birth and
fertility rates. (Brittanica Online Encyclopedia)
For Italian families, popular daily leisure activities include watching television, listening to the radio,

Research Paper On Mary
Mary Essay
Mary is one of the greatest figures in history because she was the Mother of God and is the face of the Church. From the very beginning, God had
a very special plan for Mary to undertake, a plan that would change her history and the world's history. A angel came down from the heavens and
gave her the opening to that plan. The angel's name was Gabriel and he delivered this message: "Don't be afraid! God is pleased with you, and you
will have a son. His name will be Jesus. He will be great and will be called the Son of God Most High. The Lord God will make him king, as his
ancestor David was. He will rule the people of Israel forever, and his kingdom will never end." Mary responded with a confident "yes" to this statement.
Mary is an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mary's life begins on the 8th of September, which is more commonly called the Nativity of the Virgin Mary. Before that however there is another
feast day that we celebrate and it is the Immaculate Conception, which is on December 8th, this is where we celebrate the fact that Mary was born
without original sin. Mary was also probably born between the years 20 B.C and 15 B.C. And she was assumed into heaven around the year 50
A.D. The traditional parents of Mary are St. Anne and St. Joachim. After Mary was born she was brought to the temple in Jerusalem and presented
and took a vow of virginity, this is celebrated on the 21st of November. After the presentation we don't know much about her life until she is
spoken to by the angel Gabriel. The Annunciation is a mystery and a feast day that we celebrate on the 25th of March. The angel Gabriel descends
down from Heaven and announces what God wants Mary to do, which is to be the mother to Jesus. Mary says "I am the Lord's servant! Let it
happen as you have said." and then the angel departs. On May 31, Mary goes to meet her cousin Elizabeth and she discovers that Elizabeth will have a
baby

Lord Call Samuel Research Paper
Throughout the course of the Bible, God has called countless to people to follow His plan for them. Although some remain hesitant at first, it is
seemingly impossible to altogether reject God's calling. There are many examples of this in both the Bible and the world today. Samuel was called to
serve as prophet, Mary was called to serve as the Mother of God, and my grandfather was called to serve as a deacon in the Catholic Church. God calls
everyone to fulfill their vocation, but it takes people different amounts of time to finally respond to that calling.
The Lord called Samuel to be the first of Israel's great prophets at time when much of Israel was in a state of disunity. As the people called for a
king to control the land, Samuel would serve as the last of the Judges and a link between God and His people. Samuel's mother, Hannah, was
originally declared barren, but was granted a son after praying to God begging for a child. Hannah promised God that if she was given a child that
the baby would serve the Lord in his life. Thus, Hannah gave Samuel to a priest named Eli (Bible).
One night when Samuel was asleep, the Lord called to Samuel. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During Jesus's apostolic life, Mary remained uninvolved as to not interfere with his work. She was mainly regarded as a typical Jewish wife at the
time (Maas). Mary was present at the foot of the cross as Christ completely sacrificed himself and also when the Holy Spirit came onto the Apostles
during Pentecost. As Catholics, we believe Mary was born free of the original sin called the Immaculate Conception. At the end of Mary's life, she was
brought to Heaven with body and soul in the Assumption (Maas). The Blessed Virgin Marydevoted her to life to following the call God created for her,
from conception until her assumption into

Personal Narrative: Saint Francis Of Assisi
One of the most important gifts of the Holy Spirit is courage. To me, courage is the ability to face your fears and stand up for what is right. It is
required to be able to serve God in the harsh world we live in today. We could face ridicule wherever we go, and we must have the courage to
continue to do what is right regardless. If we cower in fear at the smallest of obstacles, then we are showing God that we do not care enough to serve
and love him. Having courage will show that we do care. Even if sometimes we don't think we have any courage, I am confident that God will provide
at the time of greatest need for such an influential virtue.
We have many examples of saints that showed great courage. One famous example is SaintFrancis of Assisi. From a young age, Francis showed
serious interest in following Christ's word. His humbleness was climaxed when he embraced a leper on the road, something no one else would
have dared to do at the time. After Christ told him to "build up his house," Francis gave up all of his possessions. Although he sometimes had to beg
from door to door, he still attracted many followers. He was torn between a life of prayer and a life of actively preaching the good news. He died
naked, because he wanted ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Martin Luther King Jr. He fought against a policy practiced for centuries, segregation, and did so peacefully. He single–handedly led the march that
ultimately led to the end of segregation with his "I Have a Dream" speech. He continued to fight for what he felt was just, even after violent actions
were taken towards him and his family. He was even assassinated after giving justice for those deprived of it all their lives. Overall, he showed
courage by standing up for what is right, even though the injustice he fought against was an age old practice. He portrayed all of the characteristics
that I deem necessary to live a courageous life. He was perserverant, just, and

Mission Conceptment : The Immaculate Conception In The...
The Immaculate Conception:
"When discussing the Immaculate Conception, an implicit reference may be found in the angel's greeting to Mary. The objection is also raised that if
Mary were without sin, she would be equal to God. In the beginning, God created Adam, Eve, and the angels without sin, but none were equal to God.
Most of the angels never sinned, and all souls in heaven are without sin. This does not detract from the glory of God, but manifests it by the work he
has done in sanctifying his creation. Some people think the term refers to Christ's conception in Mary's womb without the intervention of a human
father; but that is the Virgin Birth. The Immaculate Conception means that Mary, whose conception was brought about the normal way, was conceived
without original sin or its stain. The essence of original sin consists in the deprivation of sanctifying grace, and its stain is a corrupt nature. The
Immaculate Conception, according to the teaching of the Catholic Church, is the conception of the Blessed Virgin Maryfree from original sin by the
foreseen merits of her son Jesus Christ. Mary was never in the state of sin, neither Original Sin, nor personal sin. Origen calls her worthy of God,
immaculate of the immaculate, most complete sanctity, perfect justice, neither deceived by the persuasion of the serpent, nor infected with his
poisonous breathings. The conception of the Mother of God was beyond all comparison more noble than that of St. John the Baptist, whilst it

Speech About Fiestas
Fiestas are best in the Philippines because people has the sense unity and it reflects their beliefs. Filipinos love fiestas. Here in our country,
Philippines, we can witness different festivals in each and every corner of our region. However, even Fiestas look as if our own, these have originally
come from Spaniards. When Spanish missionaries entered the Philippines during the mid–1500s, they found that the fiesta was a convenient tool to
help teach Filipinos the Roman Catholic faith. That is why, in the Philippines and many other former Spanish colonies, the Spanish word fiesta is used
to denote a communal religious feast to honor a patron saint (Wikipedia, n.d). The Philippines have adapted this and it is now part of our culture and
tradition.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It sounds normal and there is nothing special about it anymore because even our ancestors practiced this before. It is not also a problem because we
are hospitable and we have the innate ability to entertain our guests. The Bayanihan, on the other hand, happens especially when we help each other
cooking foods, setting places or organizing events ––– there's unity between us. These characteristics of ours prove our country's slogan "It's more fun
in the Philippines" is accurate, most especially in the eyes of foreign people. It is undeniably true that many tourists enjoy to stay here and some of
them actually visit our country intentionally just to witness the colorful and unique fiestas we have. They surely do not regret their decision for
choosing the Philippines because their experience is guaranteed to be priceless and the best. There's a lot of hanging colorful bunting anywhere, the
loud noises from the live bands or karaokes set under the tents, the laughs shared by everyone and the indefinite stories people talked, these things
make us feel the presence of the real fiesta and this is the quality which makes our country stands out among other nations. While there are thousands
of fiestas around the world, there is only one kind of festival like ours. This is the perfect time to showcase our talents and promote the

Saint Bonaventure Research Paper
"The Influence of Saint Bonaventure on Christian Theology" A philosopher is a person who offers their thoughts, theories, and views on questions
that are thought about in logic, ethics, or other logical fields. A saint is a person that is chosen by God to lead a life of virtue, benevolence, and to
carry out many of the messages he has for us. They are to live under the rules of Church teaching and profess the Christian religion. There are many
great philosophers and saints that have had a great impact on Christian Theology. One of these great saints and philosophers which have had a great
impact on the Church is Saint Bonaventure, also known as the Doctor of the Church. Bonaventure was born in 1221 at Bagnorea in the vicinity of
Viterbo. With an original baptismal name of John, a young boy was borne to Giovanni di Fidanza and Maria Ritella. There is not much information on
the early life of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Traveling to Paris again, Bonaventure had written another chapter about Saint Francis. The twelve heads made a decision that that any other writings
about Saint Francis should be destroyed because they did not meet the full requirements they felt were necessary. Later he had written end the fourth
chapter about Saint Francis. This chapter ordered a mass to take place every Saturday honoring Mary the Mother of Jesus. He in this time had also
silenced many of Gerard of Abbeville's accusations about the Friars with his writing "Apologia pauperum". With all this change that Bonaventure had
done, he continued making changes to the faith and had taken a large part in the Fourteenth Oecumenical Council on May 7, 1274. Unfortunately
before the council had ended Bonaventure had passed away on July 15, 1274. The exact cause of Bonaventure's death is unknown. He was a great
influence on many, including Pope Gregory X, the King of Aragon, cardinals, and many other people involved with the

Women's Flight Of Women: Case Study
de los Santos depict women, many with tiara–like headdresses or cloaks?
... that organized horse fighting has been a traditional Miao Chinese New Year observance for 500 years?
... that the orientation of new Etruscan temples may have been decided by augurs observing the flight of birds?
... that U.S Army Lieutenant Ethel Weed was a pivotal figure in establishing women's rights in postwar Japan?
... that Graham Waterhouse began his String Sextet, Op. 1, in 1979, and completed it 34 years later?
... that the Electro–Dynamic Light Company, organized by Albon Man and others, was formed three months before the Edison Electric–Light Company?
... that medu vada was popularized outside of South India by Udupi restaurateurs of Mumbai?
... that Girls' Generation is the first girl group to have three ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
May 5: Feast of St George (Palestinians); Liberation Day in Denmark, Ethiopia, and the Netherlands; Yom HaShoah in Israel (2016); Cinco de Mayo
in Mexico and the United States; National Day of Prayer in the United States (2016)
Issue of Pravda
Issue of Pravda
553 – The Second Council of Constantinople, considered by many Christian churches to have been the fifth Christian Ecumenical Council, began to
discuss the topics of Nestorianism and Origenism, among others.
1809 – Mary Dixon Kies became the first American woman to receive a patent from the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
1912 – The Bolshevik newspaper Pravda (issue pictured) was first published in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
1980 – The British Special Air Service stormed the Iranian Embassy in London, six days after Iranian Arab separatists had seized it.
1991 – Rioting broke out in Washington, D.C., after a rookie police officer shot a Salvadorean man in the chest.
More anniversaries: May 4 May 5 May 6
Archive By email List of historical anniversaries
Current date: May 5, 2016 (UTC) Reload this page
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White–rumped

Essay A Comparison of Christmas in America and Spain
Ah Christmas, it is said to be the most wonderful time of the year. In the United States Christmas is a time of giving and receiving, spending time with
your family, and in most Christian families, celebrating the birth of Jesus Christ. Christmas is hands–down the most highly commercialized holiday
celebrated by Americans. In fact, according to CBS news, the average American will spend $700 on gifts this holiday season, totaling for a whopping
$465 billion spent nation–wide. From mall Santas as far as the eye can see, to hearing Christmas music in every retail store you enter. Christmas is a
time of high spirits and high spending in the U.S. What about other countries though? Is the Christmas season all about giving and receiving ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, she did not require the purification process of baptism. This holiday is usually celebrated by Holy Mass, parades, fireworks,
processions, ethnic foods, and Spanish cultural festivities. This day is also generally considered a "family day" to be spent at home with your
loved ones. The Day of Innocent Saints is a holiday very similar to that of April Fools Day in America. On the Day of Innocent Saints people try to
trick each other into believing preposterous jokes or stories. Newspapers and TV stations also run phony broadcasts. This celebration gets its name
from a biblical narrative in which Herod the Great (the Roman King of the Jews) ordered the execution of all young male children in the vicinity
of Bethlehem to avoid the loss of his throne to the newborn Jesus, whose birth had been announced to him by the Magi. Roman Catholic families
may also have a feast in which the youngest child picks the food to commemorate this biblical story. Nochebuena is celebrated by a traditional
dinner with family and friends occurring after Christmas Mass. It is common tradition to begin this meal with a seafood dish followed by a bowl of
homemade soup. This meal is traditionally followed by eating a desert of turron, which is a type of almond candy. Navidad is celebrated by attending
church, and having feasts. A unique Spanish tradition is that there are special swing sets put up especially for Navidad. Children commonly swing on
these for hours at a time

Greek Religion : Ancient Greece
Although Greek religion is no longer popular because of it 's diversity compared to religion today, it had a great standing back in Ancient Greece;
Many aspects played a role in creating it 's foundation such as the deities, worship and rituals, and mystics and oracles.
Greek religion was considered polytheistic for it 's belief in many gods and they were called upon during everyday trials and tribulations, providing
their wisdom and guidance. The deities depicted in Greek mythology had strange and unusual creations that people today have trouble believing. The
twelve and most important gods and goddesses, all led by Zeus, were no exception. Zeus was the king of all gods, lightning and thunderstorms, and
was born to the titan Cronus and his wife Rhea. He had five siblings and all were eaten by their father for his fear of being overthrown. The five
siblings included Poseidon, Hestia, Hera, Hades, and Demeter. Rhea hid Zeus away and continued to raise him until he was able to capture his father
and make him heave up the rest of his brothers and sisters.
Poseidon was the protector of the sea and all that it entails. His weapon was a trident and with it he could destroy any object, cause earthquakes, and
create massive storms. He was known as the second most powerful god. Hestia, was the goddess of the hearth, or also known as the embodiment of
the home. Hera ruled over marriage and family. She later became Zeus ' wife and got the title of the queen of the gods. Hades, god

Saint Mary : The Mother Of God
Mary, also known as St. Mary the Virgin, the Blessed Virgin Mary, Saint Mary, Mary Mother of God or the Virgin Mary is believed by many to be
the greatest of all Christian saints. The Virgin Mother "was, after her Son, exalted by divine grace above all angels and men."
Mary is venerated with a special cult, called by St. Thomas Aquinas, hyperdulia, as the holiest of all creatures. The main events of her life are
celebrated as liturgical feasts of the universal Church.
Mary's life and role in the history of salvation is foreshadowed in the Old Testament, while the events of her life are recorded in the New Testament.
Traditionally, she was declared the daughter of Sts. Joachim and Anne. Born in Jerusalem, Mary was presented in the Temple and took a vow of
virginity. Living in Nazareth, Mary was visited by the archangel Gabriel, who announced to her that she would become the Mother of Jesus, by the Holy
Spirit.
She became betrothed to St. Joseph and went to visit her cousin, Elizabeth, who was bearing St. John the Baptist. Acknowledged by Elizabeth as the
Mother of God, Mary intoned the Magnificat.
When Emperor Augustus declared a census throughout the vast Roman Empire, Mary and St. Joseph went to Bethlehem, his city of lineage, as he
belonged to the House of David. There Mary gave birth to Jesus and was visited by the Three Kings.
Mary and Joseph presented Jesus in the Temple, where St. Simeon rejoiced and Mary received word of sorrows to come later. Warned to flee,

How Does Desire Disrupt the Representation of Unified...
How does desire disrupt the representation of unified identity in John Ford's 'Tis Pity She's a Whore?
Representations of sexuality in Early Modern literature reveal a variety of attitudes, but they can be characterised by the ambivalence which they
display towards the subject of desire and its consequences for the self. The destructive potential of desire is revealed in John Ford's Tis Pity She's A
Whore, widely considered to be one of the most radical works of Jacobean theatre, not only for its frank and nuanced portrayal of incest, but for its
reworking of the theme of ill–fated love from Romeo and Juliet into a dark rumination on the fundamental incommunicability of desire and the
impossibility of mutual understanding.
Arguably ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Her tut'ress Putana draws attention to her lack of agency in the matter, to her status as mere object in a society which valued economic necessity and
kinship ties over affection: 'you'll be stolen away sleeping else shortly' (I.2.70.). Annabella's response: 'such a life gives no content to me' (I.2.71–2)
indicates her wish to avoid this system entirely, which the prospect of a mutually loving relationship with Giovanni seems to offer. When Soranzo
interrogates her on the father of her child, as Lisa Hopkins has pointed out, she compares her unborn child to the immaculate conception, and by
inference herself to the Virgin Mary, describing Giovanni as 'angel–like' and worthy of 'true worship'(IV.3.37–41)[10]. While she takes pleasure in
teasing Soranzo here, her real intent is to express the communion which she feels in her relationship with Giovanni that the strictures of conventional
marriage cannot offer. Susannah Mintz writes: 'the fact that Annabella and Giovanni occupy unequal social positions...suggests that their motivations
toward incest may also be different'[11]. The very different ways in which the two characters are constructed by society inescapably shapes their desire
as much as their desire shapes them.
Annabella's expectations for her incestuous relationship are no more evident than in the moment, when, following a long period of separation,

The Gospel Of The Bible
The Gospel according to Luke is the third of the four Gospels found in the New Testament. This Gospel is the longest, and was originally joined to
the Acts, making a two volume book. Irenaeus, Tertullian and Jerome, are examples of individual witnesses who named the author of the third Gospel,
St. Luke; a physician from Antioch, and fellow companion of St. Paul. It is also evident in the preface, when Luke uses the first pronoun saying, "I too
decided to write an orderly account" (1:1–4). Most scholars, such as those who wrote the Navarre Bible and "Inside the Bible," believe the Gospel
was written in the early 60s A.D. The reason for this is; Acts of the Apostles was written after Luke, and ends with a description of St Paul before...
This Gospel focuses on the historical framework of certain events and views happenings in a new angle. For example, Luke presents Christ's life on
earth as a journey towards Jerusalem; so on the day of Jesus' ascension, the earthly symbol becomes the Holy City. The structure of the Gospel of Luke
begins with the prologue, depicting the purpose of the intended account. It follows with the infancy narratives; the Saviour's birth and youth; His
baptism and temptation; His message and mission; the journey to Jerusalem; and His death and resurrection.
This Gospel places great emphasis on Jesus of Nazareth as the Messiah promised to the Jews in the Old Testament. It also addresses the theme of
universal salvation. Christ's redemption is intended for everyone, and He has come to gather all people to himself. The trinity is evident from the
beginning, with God and the Holy Spirit enveloping them self in Mary; while the journey of the Son of God, is the basis of the Gospel. Mary, the
mother of Jesus, has a significant role in this Gospel, through accepting God's call to conceive Jesus through the Holy Spirit. Without this approval, the
events in the New Testament would not exist. This Gospel uses a variety of literary devices consisting of: narratives, foreshadowing, parables, themes
and miracle stories. Using these enhances the language used to express the meaning and significance of Jesus' life.
Chapter one, verses

Essay On St. Maximilian
St. Maximilian was born as Raymond Kolbe in Poland, January 8, 1894. In 1910, he entered the Conventual Franciscan Order. He was sent to study in
Rome where he was ordained a priest in 1918. After ordination, Father Maximilian returned to Polska in 1919 and began spreading his militia of the
Immaculata movement of mother consecration, which he based on Gregorian calendar month sixteen, 1917. In 1927, he established an evangelization
center close to national capital referred to as Niepokalanow, the "City of the Immaculate." By 1939, the City had enlarged from eighteen friars to
almost 900, making it the largest Catholic spiritual house within the world. m
To influence the world to require the Immaculata, the friars utilized the most fashionable printing and body techniques. This allowed them to publish
countless catechetic and pious zones, a daily newspaper with a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moved by one man's lamentation for his mate and kids, Fr. Kolbe volunteered to die in his place. Survivors of the camp testified that the starving
prisoners could be detected praying and singing hymns, led by the priest UN agency had volunteered for AN torturesome death. After 2 weeks, on the
night before the Church's feast of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary Mary, the camp officials determined to hasten Fr. Kolbe's death, injecting him
with carbolic acid.
St. Maximilian Kolbe's body was cremated by the camp officials on the feast of the Assumption. He had stated years earlier: "I would like to be
reduced to ashes for the reason for the Immaculata, and may this dirt be carried over the entire world, so that nothing would stay." Pope John Paul II
canonized Maximilian as a "Martyr of Charity" and "Patron Saint of our tough century" in 1982. St. Maximilian Kolbe is the patron of journalists,
families, prisoners, the pro–life movement and the with chemicals addicted

Juniperro Frances Research Paper
Juniperro Serra Juniperro Serra was born in 1713 in to a farmer family, which were devout Catholics. He was born in Petra on the island of
Majorca, and baptized in his village church. HIs parents were Antonio Nadal Serra, and Margarita Rosa Ferrer. He spoke the Majorcan dialect of
Catalan, and acquired Castilian Spanish as his second language. He helped his parents work the fields, but especially liked to go to the Franciscan
friary at the church of San Bernardino. Attending the friars' primary school at the church, Miguel learned reading, writing, mathematics, Latin, religion
and liturgical song, especially Gregorian chant. At 15, his parents enrolled him in a Franciscan school in the capital city, Palma de Majorca, where he
studied philosophy. A year after, he became a novice in the Franciscan order. Right before his 17th birthday, he entered the Alcantarine branch of the
Friars Minor, a reform movement in the Order. After, he embarked on his novitiate period, a... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
HE had 7 years to go to become an ordained catholic priest. The daily routine at the friary followed a rigid schedule: prayers, meditation, choir
singing, physical chores, spiritual readings, and instruction. The friars would wake up every midnight for another round of chants. His superiors
discouraged letters or visitors. In 1737 he became a priest, then earned a license to teach philosophy. Among his students, were future missionaries
Francisco Palou and Juan Crespi. After the course ended in 1743 he said to his students," I desire nothing more from you than this, that when the
news of my death shall have reached your ears, I ask you to say for the benefit of my soul: 'May he rest in peace.' Nor shall I omit to do the same for
you so that all of us will attain the goal for which we have been

Essay On Mission Concepcion
After I learned that there was a fresco of a sun, with a mustache inside a Spaniard Mission in Texas, just a couple hours away from me my interest
was piqued. That fact that it is something unique for its time period was what helped me decide to focus and do my research paper on Mission
Concepcion. Therefore, over spring break, I decided to travel down to San Antonio to visit and see the world wide known mustached sun for myself.
When I went to visit I found Mission Concepcion was, not so conveniently, in the middle of a residential area. Due to the decision to allow the
construction of houses around the mission, one could easily get confused because of the surroundings, and try to turn around when looking for it. The
way over to the mission... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The mission after gaining government approval, like most of the others around it, was developed by Franciscans, but was constantly mobilized until
it made it to its present location in 1731. Due to the lack of Spaniards to colonize the new six missions that served as a barrier, many Dominican, and
Franciscan missionaries looking for spiritual satisfaction in the form of converts were allowed to develop the standing missions into towns, with the
understanding that they would live as Spanish citizens. The mission was the organized to have the church standing in the center of the mission, and
had workshops were the Indians were taught artisan skills, as well as storage buildings. On the mission lands you could expect to find cubicles in the
convent that surrounded the church, housing units along the perimeter wall for the Indians; as well orchards, crop fields, and livestock that would help
support the growing Franciscan village. The structure of Mission Concepcion took around 15 years to be completed, and it is currently considered to
be the oldest unrestored stone structure in America, as well as within the national park, mostly because of its base being built directly in the

Quitting Monologue
When you play a sport your whole life it grows on you and makes you somewhat attached to the idea of that sport. It simply becomes part of your life
that you don't question or think about leaving. Until it finally does, you realize how the sport controlled what you do and how you spend your time
everyday. Withbasketball, being about a four month season in the middle of winter it gets to be a pretty long part of the year.
This summer, I didn't go to any summer basketball because I thought I wasn't going to play. When it got closer to the season with the help of my
boyfriend, I decided that I would try it out this year. After all, it was my senior year and this would be the last time I would play on an official team.
So I started the season, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I kept going through in my head what I was going to say to him over and over. Robbie was later than he said he was going to be as usual. So I
decided to tell Alli the only other senior playing at the time. She listened to why I was making this decision and respected it. She asked if I wanted
her to sit in the meeting with Robbie. Alli and I are not close at all, but it did make me feel better that she was there with me during the
conversation. I don't remember the whole conversation or exactly what was said. I do remember that when I first started talking I choked up and
thought I was going to cry. Anyone that knows me, knows that I'm not an emotional person at all. The fact that I thought about crying made me
realize that this was actually a very big deal to me. I started out by telling him it just wasn't fun anymore and I felt that it was a waste of everyone's
time for me to play. He replied with they were just trying to find a spot for me on the team and that they needed a backup point guard and that's what
they wanted me to be. I explained to him that there are other things that I could be doing with my time and that I wasn't planning on going to practice
that night. He told me that he thought that I should take the night and weekend to think about it because it was my last year. He didn't want me to
make a decision that I would regret. So after the conversation I left the

East-West Schism Vs. Eastern Orthodox Christianity
For the first one thousand years of their existence, these churches were the same institution. The split between the Western and Eastern Christian
churches into the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches is referred to as the Great Schism or, more definitively, the "East–West Schism",
which occurred in 1054. This occurred due to long–running cultural and theological differences, power struggles, and lack of communication.
Prominently they argued over what type bread (leavened vs. unleavened) to use to represent the body of Christ in the Eucharist. Each side had
developed different traditions. But how different are they really? They have so much in common, what exactly do they believe that made them diverge?
Both the Roman Catholics and the Orthodox Christians agree on which scriptures are the recognized gospels, on the same seven sacraments/mysteries.
They share similar beliefs of who Mary was and see her as their greatest saint.
Despite the fact that both are branches of Christianity as a whole, Eastern Orthodox Christianity and Roman Catholicism seem to have poor opinions of
each other. They share many core beliefs regarding Jesus ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As far as confessing sins, the Orthodox are similar in the regard they confess their sins in intercession with the clergy and they will be absolved of
them. The Eastern Orthodox believes that the Virgin Mary was capable of sin, but resisted it her whole life. For if she was created without sin, then
this would mean she wasn't human. They don't accept she was born with sin, because they don't believe in original sin, as previously stated. The
Catholic Church believes she was conceived and born without it. They reject the idea of the Immaculate Conception as well, while the Catholic Church
declared it as a dogma (principles laid down as incontrovertible

Different Traditions Of Christmas Around The World
Christmas around the World
Throughout the world, cultures have many diverse holiday traditions. In some countries such as; Austria, Greece, Slovakia, Japan, Greenland, and
Catalonia there are some odd traditions compared to how people celebrate Christmas in the United States. Even though these countries are different,
these several countries have been believing or performing these traditions for many centuries. Within these countries, there are plenty of unusual
backstories in how these traditions came to be and why the traditions are performed throughout countries today.
Some of the traditions in Austria are typical to other countries around the world, but some are downright sinister. The Austrian version ofChristmas
begins on the 6th ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most towns in Austria have a procession in response to the arrival of Christ. Christmas is celebrated on the night of December 24th, then on Christmas
day many celebrations are taking place. Young men will walk the streets collecting donations for alcohol. Once Christmas is over, there are
celebrations afterwards. There are men and a servant boy symbolizing the three wise men, who go from house to house blessing the house. After they
bless the house they receive donations and schnapps. After the Three wise men leave the villages, this will mark the end of the Christmas season in
Austria (Munson).
Christmas in Greece, is one of the biggest holiday since most of the country claims to be Greek Orthodox. Typically, young children will go
around villages singing. This tradition is called, Kalanda. It is customary for the children to receive treats after they have sung at the different
houses. Instead of loading the house full of Christmas trees the Greek like to place a wooden bowl in the house with a cross wrapped in basil
attached to it. This tradition is used to ward off goblins known as Killantzaroi, that like to cause havoc during the twelve days of the Christmas
celebrations. Residents of Greece will also burn fires in their houses to prevent the goblins from coming down the chimneys. The usual holiday
celebration of Christmas in Greece lasts for up to twelve days, which begins on the day of Christmas. The holiday

Virgin Of Immaculate Conception Analysis
An overview of The Virgin of the Immaculate Conception
The Virgin of Immaculate Conception was created in the late 18th century in most likely "South America, probably Cuzco, Peru" (Dallas Museum of
Art). The illustration was formed with oil on a canvas and the artist is unknown. The artwork is currently being displayed at the Dallas Museum of Art
within the Latin American Art section. The Virgin ofImmaculate Conception belongs to the The Cleofas and Celia de la Garza Collection and was a
gift from Mary de la Garza–Hanna and Virginia de la Garza. Other featured works in this collection are The Ascension of Christ and Flight into Egypt,
both by an unknown artist. This artwork is a religiously stylized piece composed to represent the values of the Virgin Mary's life, heritage, and future.
Subject History
"The Immaculate Conception of the Virgin began appearing as a subject in art in the 17th century Spain, and from there it spread in the Spanish
colonies of the New World." (Dallas Museum of Art, 2017) The movement of highlighting religious figures within Latin American culture not only
served as simply appreciating masterful works of art, but also as a symbol of a person or family's dedication to their chosen spiritual entity. The
spiritual leaders such as St. Matthew, St. Peter, and Jesus Christ often reminds constituents of the home, neighborhood, or place of worship of their
continued adherence to a certain ideology while simultaneously bringing communities together in

Mary As A Disciple ( Mariology )
Mary as a Disciple (Mariology)
Mary was the mother to Jesus Christ, the Messiah, and has been a focus of theological discussion since about the second century. Mary comes from a
long line of women in the bible. Prototypes, if you will. These women throughout the Old Testament were chosen by God. This gave way toMary
becoming the "God bearer." A title that was given to her by the Council of Ephesus in 431 C.E. This is obviously where all theological debate dealing
with Mariology comes from. To Catholics, Mary is a sign of hope in this fading world. To protestant Christians, Mary is also known as the mother of
God. However, many protestant theologians believe that Mary should be honored but within certain limits. The Old Testament in the HolyBible
specifically says in Exodus 34:14, "Do not worship any other god, for the LORD, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God" . In the New Testament it
says in 1 John 5:21, "Little children, keep yourselves from idols". Martin Luther (a German professor of Theology, and founder of the Lutheran
Church) was quick to say that Mary should be honored but to only what is fitting. Karl Barth (a reformed protestant theologian) explained that through
Mary, Jesus was human, and through Jesus, she is the divine mother of God, and is full of grace that was still given to her by God the Father. Avery
Dulles talks of models that churches should strive to uphold, and Mary (mother of God) resembles the church of Servant, Community,

Principles Of The Immaculate Conception
Immaculate Conception
Raphaella Henson–Vendrell
Ms.O'Connor
P5 Orange
"I have upheld the intent and principles of the Paul VI Academic Honor Code while completing this assignment."
The Immaculate Conception is the birth of Mary without sin. Many people confuse this with Mary conceiving Jesus without sin but that is the
perpetual virginity of Mary. "To become the mother of the Savior, Mary "was enriched by God with gifts appropriate to such a role" (CCC, 490).
This quote is saying that for Mary to give birth to our savior, Jesus Christ, she herself had to be born with gifts from God. She had to born free from
sin and full of grace meaning she had to be full of the gifts that God has given her. "The angel Gabriel at the moment of the annunciation salutes her
as "full of grace" ( CCC, 132). To further explain what I mean that she was "full of grace", this quote explains when she was visited by the Angel
Gabriel with the message that of conceiving Jesus, he first greeted her as "full of grace". Therefore she was truly born free from any sin and with the
gifts from God. We honor the birth of Mary with such respect and jubilation as we do with the birth of Jesus because not only is she the mother of
Jesus, she was the first one to be born without sin since Adam and Eve. "The Church made it clear indeed that the conception of Mary is to be
venerated as something extraordinary, wonderful, eminently holy, and different from the conception of all other human beings"

A Short Biography : A Biography Of Dorothy Day
1.For my biography, I choose Dorothy Day, who was a journalist and social activist born on November 8, 1897, in Brooklyn, NY. Dorothy Day was
known for being a significant figure for her revolutionary vision and her passion for doing work for poor people and representing what she believes a
Catholic worker should do as Catholic.
2.My reason for picking Dorothy Day is mainly because I loved the passion she had for wanting to help poor people and how much she wanted
Catholic people to get out and help the poor. I also picked Dorothy Day because she seemed like your average person that been through a lot in
their life, having an abortion, in and out of the church, dropped out of college after two years, being in several relationships, etc. before the age of
25 but, despite all of that she never let that get the best of her and all of those things made her become a better person. Out of most of the people we
have discussed in class Dorothy was the most inspiring to me.
3.Dorothy Day lived between the year 1897 until 1980 during her time she lived through World War I and World War II. In class we talked about
Catholics making a name for themselves in Journalism and how during World War I only 17% of Catholics were in the United States population. We
also discussed Catholics coming to be involved in a wide range of social reform movements Commitment to service and social justice.
4.Dorothy Day was and still is an inspiring person that most people in the

Essay About Fiestas
Fiestas are best in the Philippines because people has the sense unity and it reflects their beliefs. Filipinos love fiestas. Here in our country,
Philippines, we can witness different festivals in each and every corner of our region. However, even Fiestas look as if our own, these have originally
come from Spaniards. When Spanish missionaries entered the Philippines during the mid–1500s, they found that the fiesta was a convenient tool to
help teach Filipinos the Roman Catholic faith. That is why, in the Philippines and many other former Spanish colonies, the Spanish word fiesta is used
to denote a communal religious feast to honor a patron saint (Wikipedia, n.d). The Philippines have adapted this and it is now part of our culture and
tradition.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It sounds normal and there is nothing special about it anymore because even our ancestors practiced this before. It is not also a problem because we
are hospitable and we have the innate ability to entertain our guests. The Bayanihan, on the other hand, happens especially when we help each other
cooking foods, setting places or organizing events ––– there's unity between us. These characteristics of ours prove our country's slogan "It's more fun
in the Philippines" is accurate, most especially in the eyes of foreign people. It is undeniably true that many tourists enjoy to stay here and some of
them actually visit our country intentionally just to witness the colorful and unique fiestas we have. They surely do not regret their decision for
choosing the Philippines because their experience is guaranteed to be priceless and the best. There's a lot of hanging colorful bunting anywhere, the
loud noises from the live bands or karaokes set under the tents, the laughs shared by everyone and the indefinite stories people talked, these things
make us feel the presence of the real fiesta and this is the quality which makes our country stands out among other nations. While there are thousands
of fiestas around the world, there is only one kind of festival like ours. This is the perfect time to showcase our talents and promote the

Navidad En Spain Research Paper
Carsin Spurlock
Spanish Mid–Term Essay
12–15–14
Navidad en Spain The country of Spain is located in the Iberian Peninsula in southwest Europe; it occupies eighty percent of the land. Spain borders
France and Andorra with the Pyrenees as a natural frontier, in the North. It is one of the world's oldest cultures and has a heritage that has influenced
many continents. Also, Spain is where the Spanish language originated. When you meet somebody in Spain, it is traditional to give a kiss on each
cheek. Another fun fact about Spain is that it is the number one country for organ donation in the world. Christmas is a very religious holiday in Spain.
December eighth is the official starting of Christmas for them. This is because it is the

Judaism, Christianity, And Islam
Some people may think that Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are three completely different religions. But if you take a better look into these
religions, you begin to see that altogether, they are simply three different variations of one story. Let 's start with how and where these different but
similar religions worship. Muslims worship in Mosques, with separated areas for men and women. Based off of the class trip to the ICC mosque in
Des Plaines, a worship takes around 15–20 minutes and is said mostly in Arabic. The prayer service at the mosque seems to be the most organized, yet
it is also the most laid back. When people come in, they are aware of what they have to do and how they are expected to act. If people come in late,
they do not distract anyone else, and quietly go to the back of the mosque. Although the mosque is an option for prayer, Muslims can pray outside of a
Mosque as well, as long as they are facing Mecca. In terms of worship technicalities, Judaism is a little bit different, as they don 't separate men and
women. Additionally, they pray in a something similar to a Mosque, a Synagogue. Although they don 't face Mecca like the Muslims do, they face the
Ark. At the JBBG synagogue that was visited, all of the pews are facing the altar and the Ark. In one of the smaller study rooms in the building, all of
the chairs are facing the smaller Ark that is in the room. During a worship,the Torah is spoken in Hebrew, but almost everything else is spoken in

The Vatican And The Eastern Orthodox Church 's Impact On...
Aguilar 1
Jason Aguilar
Gary Tyra
MILD 305 Church History
14 June 2016
Aggiornamento: the Vatican II and the Eastern Orthodox Church's Impact on the Modern
Church
There are very few things in this world that are for sure. However, one of those things that can be counted on is, change. Change is inevitable. Change
is unstoppable.
Change does not ask for permission. People change, seasons change, times change, styles, change, and even the church changes. Aggiornamento, which
means, "bringing up to date," was one of the key words used by bishops, clergy, and media attending the sessions of the Second Vatican Council. This
term was intended to signify "in the spirit of change" and "to have an open–mindedness." Pope John XXIII's pontifical ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
First, the Roman Catholic Church sees itself as the one and only true
Aguilar 2 legitimate heir to New Testament Christianity. In addition, they consider the pope as the successor to Peter, the firstbishop of Rome. Although
one can debate those details, one thing is for sure, the history of the Roman church extends back to ancient times. Shortly after apostolic times, there
was a vibrant Christian community that existed in Rome.
Those early Roman Christians were just like the Christians in other parts of the world, fully devoted followers of Jesus Christ. Second, the Eastern
Orthodox Church is not a single church but rather a family of 13 self–governing bodies. They are controlled and influenced by the nation in which they
are located (e.g., the Greek Orthodox Church,
Russian Orthodox Church). The sacraments, doctrine, liturgy, and church government, unite them, but each church deals with its own affairs on its
own merits. The head of each
Orthodox Church is called a "patriarch." The patriarch of Constantinople (Istanbul,
Turkey) is considered the ecumenical or universal patriarch. He would be considered the closest thing to a mirror of the Roman Catholic Pope.
However, unlike the Pope, he enjoys special honor, but has no real power to interfere with the 12 other Orthodox communities. Like the Catholic
Church, the Orthodox Church claims to be the one true church of Christ and traces its origins back to the original twelve apostles through

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