Running head: HEALTHCARE 1 HEALTHCARE 2 Healthcare Discussion Question 1: Privilege Delineation Clinical privilege determines the extent to which health care professional can practice. Privileges are assigned based on the qualifications of the health care professionals. However, these qualifications are not simply determined by the declaration of the professional, the hospital has to ensure that they can certainly perform the roles and responsibilities to which they are assigned (Rogers & Stavosky, 2019). The process of delineation of clinical privileges is a process of confirming that a clinical professional can perform the roles for which they claim to be qualified for so as to enhance the quality of care delivery and the safety of the patients. The process of delineation of clinical privileges begins with credentialing. Credentialing is a formal review of the qualifications of a clinical professional. The certifications, licensing, experience and other formal identifiers of qualification are assessed by the credentialing parties. The clinical professional may also be assessed to determine whether they have certain specific skills that re important for the provision of safe care. After privilege delineation, the professionals are reappointed. Reappointment is very important for enhancing patient safety. The medical field is always changing, hence, the clinical professionals must update their skills. The process of delineation of clinical privileges ensures that the clinical professionals have updated their skills to meet the required standards before they can be reappointed to practice (Rogers & Stavosky, 2019). This practice ensures that all professionals are qualified through licensing or certification to practice in a given area. Therefore, the patients are only exposed to professionals with the right skills and expertise to provide care to them. The hospital is also able to minimize the risk of liability when it performs this procedure by ensuring that its professionals are well-equipped to perform clinical procedures on their patients. Question 2: Healthcare Ethics Institutional ethics committees face a lot of ethical dilemmas in the health care setting. An example of an ethical issue that is commonly faced by these committees is issues relating to physician assisted deaths. The following is a hypothetical ethical dilemma that may face an ethics committees. A 57-year-old patient with stage 4 cancer has chosen to have physician-assisted suicide to instead of waiting for natural death. The cancer has damaged most of the body’s organs, hence the patient’s prognosis has been determined to be inevitable death. However, the patient comes from a religious family that is against assisted suicide. They believe that a miracle could happen and the patient may be healed. The hospital is located in a state where physician assisted death of mentally competent and terminally ill patients is allowed. The physician and the hospital in general are ...

1. Running head: HEALTHCARE 1
HEALTHCARE 2
Healthcare Discussion
Question 1: Privilege Delineation
Clinical privilege determines the extent to which health care
professional can practice. Privileges are assigned based on the
qualifications of the health care professionals. However, these
qualifications are not simply determined by the declaration of
the professional, the hospital has to ensure that they can
certainly perform the roles and responsibilities to which they
are assigned (Rogers & Stavosky, 2019). The process of
delineation of clinical privileges is a process of confirming that
a clinical professional can perform the roles for which they
claim to be qualified for so as to enhance the quality of care
delivery and the safety of the patients.
The process of delineation of clinical privileges begins
with credentialing. Credentialing is a formal review of the
qualifications of a clinical professional. The certifications,
licensing, experience and other formal identifiers of
qualification are assessed by the credentialing parties. The
clinical professional may also be assessed to determine whether
they have certain specific skills that re important for the
provision of safe care. After privilege delineation, the
professionals are reappointed.
Reappointment is very important for enhancing patient
safety. The medical field is always changing, hence, the clinical
professionals must update their skills. The process of
delineation of clinical privileges ensures that the clinical
professionals have updated their skills to meet the required
standards before they can be reappointed to practice (Rogers &
Stavosky, 2019). This practice ensures that all professionals are
qualified through licensing or certification to practice in a given
area. Therefore, the patients are only exposed to professionals
with the right skills and expertise to provide care to them. The

2. hospital is also able to minimize the risk of liability when it
performs this procedure by ensuring that its professionals are
well-equipped to perform clinical procedures on their patients.
Question 2: Healthcare Ethics
Institutional ethics committees face a lot of ethical
dilemmas in the health care setting. An example of an ethical
issue that is commonly faced by these committees is issues
relating to physician assisted deaths. The following is a
hypothetical ethical dilemma that may face an ethics
committees.
A 57-year-old patient with stage 4 cancer has chosen to
have physician-assisted suicide to instead of waiting for natural
death. The cancer has damaged most of the body’s organs,
hence the patient’s prognosis has been determined to be
inevitable death. However, the patient comes from a religious
family that is against assisted suicide. They believe that a
miracle could happen and the patient may be healed. The
hospital is located in a state where physician assisted death of
mentally competent and terminally ill patients is allowed. The
physician and the hospital in general are in a dilemma on
whether to follow the patient’s wants or the family’s wishes.
In this scenario, the ethics committee may first assess the
patient to make sure that he is mentally competent to make the
decision on physician assisted suicide. If the patient is
competent to make the decision, then his wishes should be put
above those of his family. The hospital’s ethical responsibility
is to respect the autonomy of the patient. However, they must
follow the required legal procedures for performing assisted
suicide. This decision would impact the policies and operations
of the facility by showing its priorities towards the patients’
rights. The hospital will be demonstrating that its top priority is
respecting the ethical rights of the patients who have been put
under its care. Adult patients with the mental capacity to make
decisions for their own health have a right to make those
decisions (Arnold, 2017). By choosing to perform assisted
suicide, the hospital will be respecting this right.

3. References
Arnold, R. (2017). The Ethics of Physician-Assisted Death
(Doctoral dissertation, University of Rochester).
Rogers, L. C., & Stavosky, J. W. (2019). Hospital and Surgical
Privileges for Doctors of Podiatric Medicine: A Position
Statement from the American Board of Podiatric Medicine.
Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association,
109(S1), 1-4.
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5
Introduction
Apple Company is known to be an American international
technology corporation, the location of its headquarter in
Cupertino, California. The corporation forms develop and vends
online services, computer software, as well as consumer
electronics. Also, Apple is considered to be among the big four
technology businesses, along with Facebook, Google, and
Amazon. In this plan of marketing, we will converse on the
price of apple company by expending three essentials of the
place and the price, and they comprise of static/dynamic
strategies of pricing, channel approaches (pricing), as well as
distribution factors and strategies. The Apple company is the
most significant brand in the industry of technology concerning
revenue, along with its classifications of brands; This is not a
surprise to most people because Apple has sporadically
launched products, which were innovative and transformed the
market. The organization has provided people with numerous

4. products over the years, such as Itunes, Ipad, iWatch, iPhone, as
well as the iPod. Also, to its outstanding products and
difference that is near to the heart of numerous fans who are
affectionate of technology. The article will be preparing the
marketing plan for a distribution model and setting the price of
the Apple organization.
Price and Place/Distribution
Distribution Strategies
Apple utilizes distribution strategies, which use several
channels, consisting of the semi-direct sales base or direct
distributions and channels for various products. To attain this
tactic, Apple advances its market interest hence reducing the
price of the channel and provides a more modified trade
(Varghese, 2013). Moreover, the strategies of distribution of
Apple Company is provided in the below diagram:
Channel Tactics (Pricing)
Apple Inc. adheres to the advanced frequency of channel tactics
(pricing). This corporation channel’s strategy is exclusive as
such that Apple does not ever reimburse its direct channel.
Besides, The reinstated products were refurbished and,
prominent, there are modifications in their worth.
Nevertheless, there is no approximation of Apple's maintenance
affiliation to the fortitude of steadiness. Even though it is
unlawful to start a commercial estimate (for clients), Apple will
continually determine how to keep gaudily refining every detail.
Moreover, it is likely that by ownership of merchants that are
thin-edged, without providing discounts by capacity and
sustaining consecutive terms amongst acquaintances of the same
product. The Apple-oriented and retail facades are apart of the
species.
They are more near the support as well as the teaching they
provide; they are essential, more perilous, with little flagging
and sturdy info. The unavoidable sense is that the batteries are
there to offer assistance. Apple products require significant
formulations. To that extent, Apple looks forward to its

5. members, offering their merchandise as one of the enormous
positions next to one other to the competitors. Besides, they are
the holders of the front panel for the client, and even the Web.
Dynamic/Static Pricing Strategies
Apple Company abides by the dynamic/static strategies of
pricing for selling products. This strategy of Apple is steadily
appropriated to aim at early clients. The early clients grasp the
estimate rendered to the necessity for the product’s aspects and
its comparison to others. Despite this, the framework is only
used for the required time frame as a method of dealing with
recuperating most of the hypotheses of the product. As
displayed by Köehler (1996), the process of examining esteem
is a system of high-esteem that bounces a robust border despite
that perils demoralize the volume arrangements. The earlier
elevated expenditures entice theft, security charges against
robbery on a primary level (Ghadshi, 2015).
Conclusion
It is possible to state that the Apple Company ought to utilize
the strategy of increase distribution, which is mostly expended
the sites of social media the same as the strategies of product
distribution. They reduce the strategies of dynamic/static
pricing as well as channel tactics (pricing). Apple Inc. is the
strong supreme brand in the industry of technology in matters
concerning revenue, along with its classification of the brand.
The organization is recurrently concentrating on creating
beautiful products. Other than its products being the most
advanced and cherished by consumers, the organization should
search for other ways of pricing their products in order to target
every class of people.
References
apple. (n.d.). Apple. Retrieved from apple:
https://www.apple.com/

6. Ghadshi, P. ( 2015, March 13). Apple's Pricing Strategy.
Retrieved from SlideShare:
https://www.slideshare.net/pramodghadshi/apples-pricing-
strategy
Varghese, J. P. (2013, May 15). Distribution strategy of APPLE
products. Retrieved from SlideShare:
https://www.slideshare.net/jinupvarghese5/distribution-strategy-
of-apple-products
Running head: UNDERSTANDING THE TARGET MARKETS
5

7. The following research is of a marketing plan for Apple Inc.’s
iPhone. An accurate report of numerous factors, which enlighten
Apple Inc.’s iPhone, along with the demographics of customers
who buy the product. Some of the crucial components created
in this paper consist of client analysis, opportunities of Apple
Inc., and their main threat, and awareness on the targeted
market.
Understanding Target Markets
Client Analysis
It is distinct that the desire for innovation and technology
motivates the customers to purchase Apple iPhones. Apple is a
corporation that has put its emphasis on technology innovation;
therefore, it has become a favorable choice of purchase from the
consumers. A majority of Apple’s clientele are fascinated by the
fact that the organization can uphold its position concerning
their innovative values as well as their leadership. The market
of the Apple iPhone comprises of the customers in the high-
social class (Khan et al., 2015).
Regarding this state, the customer’s pay rate permits them to
buy the merchandise. Another thing, which observed is that
many of Apple’s clientele are young adults who spend cash on
such items and relish on having extravagances like an iPhone.
Similarly, Apple Inc. can control the fascination of its clienteles
by steadily improving the technology associated with the
iPhone.
Opportunities
the organization has the opportunity of increasing its
market section and proliferating sales of the phones in the
market if it only makes use of the following commendations:
1. with a focus on the Asian and African markets, the middle-
class persons in Africa are vexing to shift their class and have a
better status; hence, they are chasing high-end gadgets that will
display their anticipated level (Khan et al., 2015).
2. The Asian market is growing to be important in Apple Inc.
Asian nations have gotten financial solidity over the previous

8. years, signifying that the inhabitants are more enthusiastic
about buying high-end merchandise like the Apple iPhone. Also,
the Asian market is one of the best markets that Apple Inc.
ought to survey since they will have the capability of selling
their products.
Present Threats
Chinese organizations display a strong presence in similar
market section as Apple Inc. Apple will require to do a lot
concerning advertising the iPhone. The probabilities of trades
in China duplicating Apple Inc.’s merchandise are high,
meaning Apple ought to have the capability to make the iPhone
striking to the developing market (Blenko et al., 2016).
Furthermore, Apple Inc.ought to persist in growing its market as
well as product to the precise target audience in order to remain
competitive. Apple Inc. should be dependent on increasing
technology and staying advanced; this will assist them in
becoming and remaining an essential product in overseas
markets. Generally, Apple Inc. has both innovation and
technology, but they should also utilize well-thought-out
strategies of marketing to remain modest in the market.
Target market
Demographics
Regarding the age of the persons who buy the phones, they
range from twenty to forty years; these customers are
additionally referred to as young adults (Blenko et al., 2016).
In many of the cases, these clients are well-thought-out to be
middle-class and desire to buy the products. This type of
customer has the cash to spend on iPhones. In many scenarios,
these persons have small families, hence permitting them to
have the additional cash to buy Apple Inc.’s products like
iPhone.
Psychographics
The consumers of Apple Inc. are constituted of individuals
who like to discover new advanced technology that Apple Inc.
provides with their phones; they are interested and desire to
possess the latest technological devices. Apple Inc. customers

9. enjoy hobbies like traveling that provides them an intensified
desire to take numerous pictures with the Apple iPhone. About
the customer’s sentiments, they wish for a phone that can be
utilized to distinguish them from others in public; this is the
reason why Apple presents a new iPhone from time to time
(Arndt & Ewe, 2017). Similarly, the iPhone is a criterion of the
social class in which the groups of persons are in.
Insight Explanation
The Apple iPhone is one company that associates with
young adults in the community. They are the persons who
believe owning a specific sort of phone is a method of making
their social class identified by anybody seeing her or him
operating the phone. Apple Inc. ought to explore new market
sectors and attempt to include new technology and ideas when
they launch a new sequence of the iPhones. The Apple iPhone is
exclusive and preferred by numerous persons, which offers
Apple an advantage in the market, which they should take
benefit of and linger in making developments.
Conclusion
Apple Inc. is a company that is innovative with products
that are sought out by several people. Apple Inc. should
continue upgrading the iPhone in line with the market trends in
order to stay modest and market to the targeted census. Besides,
the corporation is doing an excellent job with their marketing
and advances approaches, which demonstrates that they are an
innovative corporation.

10. References
Arndt, H. K., & Ewe, C. (2017). Analysis of Product Lifecycle
Data to Determine the
Environmental Impact of the Apple iPhone. Advances and New
Trends in Environmental Informatics (pp. 3-13). Springer
International Publishing.
Blenko, D., Waldron, K., Cornelius, J., Nespoli, G., & Lee, D.
(2016). Organizational
Analysis: Apple Retail Stores. Retrieved from
http://daenaleemsod.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/617-
Organizational-Analysis-Apple-12.2016.pdf
Khan, U. A., Alam, M. N., & Alam, S. (2015). A Critical
Analysis of Internal and External
The environment of Apple Inc. International Journal of
Economics, Commerce, and Management, 3(6), 955-961.

11. Promotion and the Product Life Cycle
Apple has established a useful technique for marketing and
implementing its product life cycle for its mobile merchandise.
I have developed a substitute product strategy for the induction
of the anticipated new service — the standard product of new
product introduction, development, maturity, and stages of
decline. Currently, Apple presents its new merchandise at an
occasion and grants all the information about the prices along
with release dates in the event. Besides, the products are
typically accessible for presale shortly afterward. The partners
commence marketing after the Apple event.
Product Strategy
Apple has created a brand, which is a leader in the
technology industry, and it is effectual to develop when it is at
the forefront of the competition. Additionally, this is the reason
the organization ought to remain inventive. There is not much
marketing about the Apple event happening, and people usually
receive little to no information warning before any
announcement being made. The new strategy will market and
promote the is a new product and provide information on the
dates of the event earlier. There will be printed physical
materials for positioning in storerooms and streets with simple
messaging about the event. Also, there will use social media to
promote the event as well as products with similar messaging.
The emphasis will be to form expectancy about the release
of the new product. A press conference is held with a formal
statement and an e-mail flashes with details about the newly
released product. Also, Facebook Live will be utilized to stream
the statement, and other sites of social media will also be used
to program the specifics. Live-tweeting will occur during the

12. event on Instagram and Twitter, which can be found on the
official page of Apple, which will have all the details of the
product.
After the introduction of the new product, the development
stage of the product strategy starts; This is the main stage for
creating a position of a product in the market, enhancing the
profit margins, and increasing sales (Growth, 2018). The
organization will take on this stage by getting feedback from
early clients and airing that feedback across e-mail blasts and
social media, and This will produce promotion material for in-
store demonstrations; That will comprise of flyers, display
cutouts, and posters to hand out to prospective customers. Also,
the organization will run a different pricing event in this period.
The early adopters are prepared to recompense a premium fee
for having the product earlier than expected; Apple will be able
to get extra users by providing lower prices after the growth
stage has reached. This will similarly assist in combating an
augmented competition, which indeed transpires when new
product unveilings.
There are no propositions on how Apple administers the
maturity stage of the lifecycle of the product. Nevertheless, in
the declining stage, I am suggesting for specific strategic
changes. Throughout the decline stage, industries detect that
sales start to decrease for a service or product -- that might have
once been famous – because of low demand (Brookins, 2016)
The suggested plan involves three steps. The initial step is
decreasing the price to a rate of clearance. The pricing ought to
not come at a loss to the organization. The second stage is to
market tactically to a precise target group of clients in a method
that does not have lots of financial problems. Lastly, adding
extra features to the product to refresh the request for it.
Measuring Success or Failure
Success in every stage will be measured in a different way and
with various metrics. In the introduction of the new product, the
organization will concentrate on the numbers of presales as well
as the early return from customers who are early adopters.

13. Besides, this will enable the organization to distinguish how
useful buildup promotion was and how striking the product is.
In the stage of growth, the organization will amount to success
from the feedback and surveys gotten from customers. The
positive word of mouth will boost the growth to be higher and
maintain the positive drift the Apple firm has with recognition
of brand recognition. In the decline stage, the organization will
concentrate on the volume of catalog moved, the margin of the
profits will not be very high due to reduced pricing, but the
advantage of moving the catalog will be two-fold. Apple will
remain to capture the share of the market, and it will open room
for added catalog after the releases of the next products.
Conclusion
Apple has been a steady influence in the market of mobile
devices, and the shreds of evidence are in the income. Through
executing the plan of the product life cycle above, the Apple
organization has the chance to remain in the lead spot of the
business and increase the distance further with its rivals.
References
Brookins, Miranda. "How to Maintain a Strategy in the Decline
Stage." Small Business - Chron.com, Chron.com, October 26,
2016, smallbusiness.chron.com/maintain-strategy-decline-stage-
26080.html.
“Growth.” Product Life Cycle Stages,
productlifecyclestages.com/product-life-cycle-stages/growth/.