10. Homolog structure: Similar structure and position, but different function Courtesy of Prof. Ken Sytsma http://evolution.berkeley.edu Analog structure: Similar function, but different origin
11. It’s Critical (and often difficult) to distinguish Homology from Analogy Homology is the key to establishing phylogenies.
12. Distinguishing Homology from Analogy Analogy is similarity due to convergent evolution. Analogy mistaken for homology confuses phylogenies.
13. Another Set of Analogies Created by Convergent Evolution Ocotillo of the US southwest Allauidia of Madagascar
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17. How does that work? Variation Over-Production & Competition Natural Selection Nature selects the ones that “fit” the environment better … survive & reproduce Adaptation
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19. Survival & Reproduction of the fittest not the strongest… not the bravest… not the fastest… not the biggest… … the fittest! the traits that help an organism fit the environment better to survive & reproduce Adaptations
How to explain similarities bt organisms? how are related these organisms according to their similitude ? How did they acquire these characteristics? Some terminology was applied in an attempt to define these observed patterns