Curriculum Theories and Approaches Types of Curriculum Categories of Curriculum Elements of a Curriculum

1. The Curriculum &
The Study of the Curriculum

2. Curriculum Theories & Approaches

3. Curriculum Theories & Approaches
• It is a method we
use to give us
understanding.
• It is a series of
ideas that was
helpful and
acceptable by a
wider community
people.

4. Curriculum Theories & Approaches
Curriculum Theory
Tentative knowledge of the best way to go
about constructing and developing curriculum.
Describe the
Process
Predict
outcomes
Explain
reasons
Guide the
process

5. Curriculum Theories & Approaches
What is an Approach?
It is a way of dealing with
something, a way of doing or thinking
about something.
(Merriam-Webster)
What then is Curriculum Approach?
It is a way of dealing with a
curriculum, a way of
doing/creating/designing/thinking about
curriculum.

6. Curriculum Theories & Approaches
Four (4) Main Approaches
Behavioral
Approach
Managerial
Approach
System
Approach
Humanistic
Approach

7. Behavioral Approach (sample)

8. Managerial Approach (sample)
Manager
Team Leader
Head

9. Humanistic Approach (sample)

10. System Approach (sample)

11. TYPES OF CURRICULUM

12. Types of Curriculum
Subject Centered
Curriculum
Activity/Experience
based Curriculum
Core
Curriculum

13. Subject Centered Curriculum
Subject-centered
curriculum design, the
subjects become the
primary method of
organizing.
The subject-centered
curriculum minimizes
the thinking process
and problem solving
skills of the learners.
“learners like it, they are used to it
and it fits their idea of what school
should be”

14. Subject Centered Curriculum
Disadvantages:
 it promotes fractional learning and
has only a little importance to
functional knowledge.
limits the range of the subject
matter covered.

15. Activity/Experience based Curriculum
 In this type of curriculum
design, interests, needs and
problems of the learners are
used as the basis for
selecting, guiding and
evaluating the learning
experiences of learners.
 The experience-centered
curriculum establishes the
relationship between
learners & society. “people only learn they experience.” -M.K Ghandi

16. Activity/Experience based Curriculum
Activities Under:
 PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES:
These activities aim to physical
development
 ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITY:
These activities include nature study,
excursion, survey, social visit.
 CONSTRUCTIVE ACTIVITY:
These activity love for work dignity of
labor production efficiency may be
develop.
 AESTHETIC ACTIVITY:
Music, arts creative crafts are included
in this type of activities.
 COMMUNITY ACTIVITY:
Activities aim to community
development and include community
projects, first aid, social service, etc.

17. Activity/Experience based Curriculum
Advantages:
 Better understanding of a lesson among
learners as they learn by practicing the task
themselves.
 It also helps leaners psychologically as they
can express their emotions through active
participation in something useful.

18. Activity/Experience based Curriculum
Disadvantages:
Require long time planning with details of
the whole process before engaging the
learners.
The educator has to make sure that all
learners have sufficient knowledge and
skills regarding the task they are going to
perform.

19. Core Curriculum
 May be organized around the
idea of a core as a set of
learning’s essential for all
students.
 The emphasis of this approach
to core curriculum was that all
students would experience a set
of common and essential
learning’s that were necessary
for learners to function
effectively in society.

20. Core Curriculum
Benefit
It focuses attention goal.
It improves the probability of success.
It improves economic of time and
efforts.
It facilitate communication and
coordination of projects.

21. CATEGORIES OF CURRICULUM
Elements of a Curriculum
Development

22. CATEGORIES OF CURRICULUM
Major Categories of Curriculum Approach
1. Subject Centered
2. Broadfields Approach
3. Social Problem Approach
4. Learner Centered Approach

23. Subject Centered
Most widely used in organizing educational
experiences, subject matter becomes
basis, mastery of subject matter.

24. Broadfields Approach
Integrate the subject matter of closely
related disciplines.

25. Social Problem Approach
According to major activities of human
being , inculcate awareness of current
social issues

26. Learner Centred Approach
According to the needs of learner to
face the problems

27. ELEMENTS OF A CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
• Situational Analysis
• Formulation of Objective
• Selection of content, scope, and sequence
• Activities, strategies and method of teaching
• Evaluation

28. Situational Analysis
Situational analysis means the analysis
of different conditions such as emotional,
political, cultural, religious and geographical
condition of a country.

29. Formulation of Objectives
There are four main factors for formulating
the objectives of education. These are
1. The society
2. The knowledge
3. The learner
4. The learning process

30. Selection of Content
Atthetimeofsubjectmatterselection,thefollowingfactorsaretobekeptinmind:
Available sourcesandresource
1. Demandofthesociety
2. Internationalneeds
3. Levelandageofthelearnerorstudent
4. Methodsofcontentorganization
5. Numberofcoursesoffered
6. Quantityandqualificationofteachingstaff
7. Scopeofsubjectmatter
8. Systemofexamination
9. Type ofsocietyandculture

31. Strategies and Method of Teaching
• These are strategies and methods of
teaching adopted by the teachers during
instruction and learning experiences.
• This will certainly not fair
to ask a teacher for
achieving certain
objectives without giving
anyguidelines.

32. Evaluation
• Evaluation is one of the dynamic process, which needs a continuous research and
evaluation for its betterment in order to cope with the variable demands of the society
and bring about desirable changes.
Note : Curriculum evaluation isnot astudent evaluation.
• It is a broader term being used to make judgment about the worth and effectiveness
of it. With the help of evaluation phase experts can modify the curriculum by bringing
about desirable changes.

33. The Curriculum &
The Study of the Curriculum
END OF PRESENTATION
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