DEONTOLOGY , TELEOLOGY

1. Philosophy of Ethics:
Presented By
Javeria Azam
Roll No :13144
M.Phil Education
Semester :1
Submitted to :
Dr Naeem Ullah
H.O.D : Department of Education
Riphah International University
Faisalabad Campus

2. Ethics:
Ethics is branch of philosophy that
involves, systematizing, defending and
recommending concepts of right and
wrong conduct.

3. Why Ethics?
1. It is the breath of life.
-It pulsates with the desire for growth and
development.
2. It is master plan.
- It indicates where man must go and what
he/she
Ought to do in order to live well.

4. Ethical System
 2 ethical systems
 ATHEISTIC APPROACH
THEISTIC APPROACH
1.Atheistic approach
No god
No religion
Favor science
Only humanity

5. 2.THEISTIC APPROACH
God is Supreme Power
 Religion is important
Reward and punishment according to
religious beliefs.

6. DIVISIONS OF ETHICS
 People from different backgrounds often subscribe to
varying forms of ethical standards and theories to
differentiate between good and evil. These theories are
usually divided into two major categories:
 Normative ethics
 Non-normative ethics.
Normative ethics are prescriptive and substantive;
whereas, non-normative ethics are descriptive and
analytical.

7. NORMATIVE ETHICS
 Normative ethics is the branch of ethics that makes
judgements about obligation and value
General Normative Theories
Two broad categories:
 1. Teleological ethical theories.
 2. Deontological ethical theories.

8. TELEOLOGICAL THEORY.
(CONSEQUENTIALIST THEORY)
 Teleology’ literally means ‘the theory of ends or purposes.’ Accordingly, ‘the end
justifies the means.’ These are also called Consequentialist theories.
 Aristotle (c. 384 – 322 B.C.), Presented this theory .
Types of Teleological theory.(consequentialist theory)
These can be divided mainly into three forms:
 Hedonism,
 Egoism, and
 Utilitarianism.

9. DEONTOLOGICAL THEORY.
(NON-CONSEQUENTIALIST THEORY)
 No consequences.
 Deontological > noun ‘deontology;’ > refers to the theory or study of moral
commitment
 Deontological theories maintain that the morality of an action depends on factors
other than con
Types of Deontological theory.(Non-Consequentialist
theory)
There are four general types of deontological theory
 Agapism
(The love of God, poured by the Holy Spirit into our hearts, must be the
constraining and determining factor of all actions.)
 Deontological Intuitionism
(Certain types of actions, such as keeping promises, are always
right unless situations like danger to life, arise demanding obligation
towards still greater duties: here, saving a life. Nevertheless, moral laws are
unchanging)

10. ……contd
 Moral-Conscience Theories
(Conscience determines what is necessarily right or
wrong in a given situation regardless of the
consequences)
 Formalism
(right is the rational willing of one’s duty for duty’s sake.)

11. Example

12. Example 2.

13. Difference between teleological and
deontological theories.

14. 2. NON-NORMATIVE ETHICS
 non-normative ethics consists of either
 A factual investigation of moral behavior or
 An analysis of the meaning of the terms used in moral discourse and an
examination of the moral reasoning by which moral beliefs can be shown to be
true or false.
two fields:
 scientific or descriptive study and
 Meta-Ethics.

15. …contd
Descriptive Ethics / Scientific Ethics:
 A type of non-normative ethics that simply reports what people
believe, how they reason, and how they act.
 It quantifies what people believe about ethics? what people believe is
good or bad.
 Also known as comparative ethics, is the study of people's beliefs,
values, behaviour about morality.
Meta Ethics:
 It studies the meanings of such ethical terms as right, obligation,
virtue, principle, justification, sympathy, morality, and responsibility.
Meta-ethics: What does "right" even mean?
 Why good is good ? and why bad is bad?

16. Summary.
APPROACHES OF ETHICS
ATHEISTIC THEISTIC
(NO GOD) (GOD EXISTS)

17. ….contd.

18. Thank you
Questions or comments