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Basic of circuit Charge Charge is an electrical property of the atomic particles which matter consists. The unit of charge is the coulomb (C). The symbol for the charge is Q (or) q. ퟏ풄풐풖풍풐풎풃=ퟏ/(ퟏ.ퟔퟎퟐ×〖ퟏퟎ〗^(−ퟏퟗ) )=ퟔ.ퟐퟒ× 〖ퟏퟎ〗^ퟏퟖ 풆풍풆풄풕풓풐풏풔 Types of charge Positive charge Negative charge A single electron has a charge of -1.602x10-19 c. A single proton has a charge of +1.602x10-19 c. Current The flow of free electrons in a conductor is called electric current. The electric current is defined as the time rate of charge. The unit of current is the ampere (A). The symbol for the current is I (or) i. 1ampere=1coulomb/second Voltage The potential difference between two points in an electric circuit called voltage. The unit of voltage is volt. Voltage is represented by V (or) v. Power The rate at which work done by electrical energy (or) energy supplied per unit time is called the power. Power is the rate at which energy is expanded or the absorbing. The power denoted by either P or p. It is measured in watts (W). P = V x I Network Interconnection of two or more simple circuit elements is called an electric network. Circuit A network contains at least one closed path, it is called electrical circuit. Active Elements The sources of energy are called active element. They may be voltage source or current source. Example: Generators, Transistors, etc. Passive Elements These elements stores (in the form of electrostatic, electromagnetic energy) or dissipates energy (in the form of heat). Example: Resistance (R), Inductor (L), Capacitor (C). Resistance It is the property of a substance which opposes the flow of current through it. The resistance of element is denoted by the symbol “R”. It is measured in Ohms (Ω). Inductor It is the property of a substance which stores energy in the form of electromagnetic field. The inductance of element is denoted by the symbol “L”. It is measured in Henry (Η). Capacitor It is the property of a substance which stores energy in the form of electrostatic field. The capacitance of element is denoted by the symbol “C” It is measured in Farads (Ϝ).

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Explain Charge, Current, Volta Power and Energy. Also explain relation between all of them. Solution CHARGE: Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. There are two types of electric charges: positive and negative. Like charges repel and unlike attract. An object (one not made of antimatter) is negatively charged if it has an excess of electrons, and is otherwise positively charged or uncharged. The SI derived unit of electric charge is the coulomb (C). In electrical engineering, it is also common to use the ampere-hour (Ah), and, in chemistry, it is common to use the elementary charge (e) as a unit. The symbol Qoften denotes charge. Early knowledge of how charged substances interact is now called classical electrodynamics, and is still accurate for problems that don\'t require consideration of quantum effects. CURRENT: An electric current is a flow of electric charge. In electric circuits this charge is often carried by moving electrons in a wire. It can also be carried by ions in an electrolyte, or by both ions and electrons such as in a plasma. The SI unit for measuring an electric current is the ampere, which is the flow of electric charge across a surface at the rate of one coulomb per second. Electric current is measured using a device called an ammeter. Electric currents cause Joule heating, which creates light in incandescent light bulbs. They also create magnetic fields, which are used in motors, inductors and generators. The particles that carry the charge in an electric current are called charge carriers. In metals, one or more electrons from each atom are loosely bound to the atom, and can move freely about within the metal. These conduction electrons are the charge carriers in metal conductors. VOLTAGE Voltage, electric potential difference, electric pressure or electric tension (formally denoted V or U, but more often simply as V or U, for instance in the context of Ohm\'s or Kirchhoff\'s laws) is the difference in electric potential energy between two points per unit electric charge. The voltage between two points is equal to the work done per unit of charge against a static electric field to move the test charge between two points and is measured in units of volts(a joule per coulomb). Voltage can be caused by static electric fields, by electric current through a magnetic field, by time-varying magnetic fields, or some combination of these three. A voltmeter can be used to measure the voltage (or potential difference) between two points in a system; often a common reference potential such as the ground of the system is used as one of the points. A voltage may represent either a source of energy (electromotive force), or lost, used, or stored energy (potential drop). POWER: Electric power is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit. The SI unit of power is the watt, one joule per second. Electric power is usua.

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