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ELMO Estonian Electromobility Program
1. Be the first
on the road to
the future
Estonian
Electromobility
By Jarmo Tuisk
Director of technology and innovation division
Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications for Estonia
program 2011-2013
3. ESTONIA
Member of EU
2004
Estonia
Member of NATO
2004
Member of OECD
2010
Member of EURO
2011
1,3M inhabitants, largest city. Tallinn 0,4M inhabitants
GDP per capita $19,375 (PPP), GDP total $25,7B
Independent since 1918, occupied by Soviet Union 1941-1991
4. Estonian way to smart society
Electromobility
Re-independence agenda introduced
Electronic voting in MoEaC
Program
“Tiger leap” : X-Road: XML-based Electromobility
heavy investment backbone for government Program
to ICT infrastructure apps and databases
European
PCs to every school
Estonian- IT agency
E-goverment Finnish grids
Digital signature connected NATO Cyber
Act etc. ID-card Energy Technology Defence
program Centre
M-Parking
1998-
1992 1997 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
2000
5. Estonian Green Transportation Plan
Goal Measures
• Blending biofuels
10% of energy 5-7% of liquid fuels from
renewables by 2015
• Green Public transportation
consumption in 50% of public transportation to
transportation from 100% biofuels/biogas by 2020
• Electromobility
renewable sources 1% of transport energy
consumption from renewable
electricity by 2020
• Eco-driving awareness
Reduction of fuel consumption
by 10%
6. Situation of passenger cars in Estonia
Number of cars doubled Cost of transportation doubled
14%
Share of transportation costs
12% in househould monthly
expenditures, %
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Data: Estonian statistics
7. CO2 emissions of passenger cars
Average emissions, gCO2/km Estonia compared to EU nations
190
185
180
175
170
165 Estonia
160 EU25
155
150
145
140
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Data: European Environment Agency
8. Consumption and cost of gasoline
Gasoline spending dynamics in Estonia
Consumption of gasoline, .000 tons (consumption*brent spot price), USD
350 300,000,000.00
340
330 250,000,000.00
320
310
200,000,000.00
300
290
150,000,000.00
280
270
100,000,000.00
260
250
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 50,000,000.00
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Data: Estonian statistics Data: Estonian
statistics, Europe Brent Spot
prices
10. Energy
independence
Our commitment
to climate policy Because we
can!
Why is Estonia launching EV
programme?
11. Background for
electromobility program
Mid 2010 - Gov. initiates CO2 reduction project calls to
use excess AAUs (CO2 credits)
Various projects proposed by ministries
AAU sales team matches buyes and projects
Private
Buildings Energy production Public transportation transportation, electric
mobility
12. Our partner in EV program:
Mitsubishi Corporation
• Mitsubishi was interested in the
electromobility project proposal.
• The negotiations began in dec
2010 and final set up of the
program concluded by Feb 2011.
• Government announced the
program in the beginning of
March.
• Total volume of AAUs: 10mAAUs
(12% of Estonian AAU balance)
13. Fitting the pieces
together
Demo for the
project
future of
electric
Infra-
Incentives
structure
cars
15. 507 iMievs to social workers
• Estonian government bought 507 Mitsubishi iMievs
• The purchase is financed by sellinc AAU (carbon
credits) to Mitsubishi Corporation
• The cars will remain in the ownership of the Ministry of
Social Affairs of Estonia, but they are handed over to
local municipalities all around Estonia
• The cars are distributed for free
• Social workers: public administrators responsible for
providing public social services
• The cars will be equipped with GPS/GPRS enabled data
loggers for future R&D of usage of electric cars
17. 2. INCENTIVES
-50%
Max 18 000 EUR PER CAR,
NO BRAND RESTRICTIONS, FOR PRIVATE AND COMMERCIAL
BUYERS, UNTIL THE END OF 2012
+ 1000EUR FOR MODE3 HOME CHARGER
18. Incentive scheme
• Eligible cars: fully electric passenger cars (M1)
• For private, commercial and public buyers
• Support rate 50% of car’s price
• Max grant: 18 000 per car + 1000EUR for Mode 3
home charger set-up
• You can buy an EV from any EU country
• Second-hand (used) EVs are not eligible
• Last date to submit grant application 30.11.2012
• Budget for 500 EVs
19. Green certificates
• With each grant comes the obligation to use
only renewable energy in your electric car for
5 years
• This will be ensured by using green certificates
(certificates of origin)
• EV owner has to report the milage annually to
KredEx and submits the equal amount of
green certificates
25. Where can I refill?
Now: Now:
Home/Summerhouse Gas station
At work
In future: In future:
Home/Summerhouse Gas station
At work
Parking house
Supermarket
26. What is the driving
range per 1EUR?
13km
13km
13km
4km
13km
27. What’s the price?
Price for me: 18 000 EUR
Grant: 18 000 EUR
Price for me: 18 000 EUR
Octavia Elegance 1.4TSI
28. Myths about...
Electric cars Smart phones
• Too small to be the real cars • They are too big to be
• You can’t use them because convenient
there is no infrastructure • You can’t use them, because
they don’t have buttons
• You can’t drive
• They are
them, because they don’t unreliable, because the
drive more than 120km per battery last only for 24h
charge hours
• They are too expensive! • They are too expensive!
And you know the story...
31. Fast charging infrastructure
1.200-250 FAST CHARGERS AROUND ESTONIA
2.CHAdeMO + AC Mode 3 slow charger combo
3.Central network management system
4.5 year contract for network operating
services, 24/7 central customer support
5.Innovative solutions: mobile identification and
payments, RFID and/or NFC cards, mobile
app, web portal etc.
33. Use cases and technology options
AC Normal AC Fast DC superfast
6-8h 1-2h 20-30min
Daily office
OK Maybe Not OK
charging
Daily home
OK Maybe Not OK
charging
Routine shared
Maybe Maybe OK
charging
Emergency
Not OK Maybe OK
charging
Travel
Not ok OK OK
charging
34. DC quick charging:
best match for public chargers
Public/shared charger
Routine shared Emergency
charging charging
Travel
charging
Pre-
Extra-ordinary
planned
charging
charging Daily office
charging
Daily home
charging
Dedicated charger
35. 3 main use-cases for Estonian public
charging network
Emergency • Locations hard to predict
charging • Cover the main routes
Shared routine • Locations easy to predict
charging • Follow the daily routines
• Locations easier to predict
Travel charging • Emphasize tourist routes
39. Charger types
Charger Charger output Max nominal Description
type and type output power,
kW
SL01 1 DC 50 DC fast charger with single output
1 AC 3,7 connector and slow AC (Mode3) outlet
socket.
SL02 1 DC 50 DC fast charger with single output
1 AC 22 connector and fast AC (Mode3) outlet
socket
SL03 2 DC 50 DC fast charger with dual output connector
1 AC 3,7 and slow AC (Mode3) outlet socket
SL04 2 DC 50 DC fast charger with dual output connector
1 AC 22 and fastAC (Mode3) outlet socket
DC is primary output, AC charging will be stopped until DC charges.
41. Amount of chargers to be procured
KredEx will buy 200 +/- 20% chargers
- ~180 SL01 or SL02
- ~20 SL03 or SL04
42. Standards for chargers
Chargers and charger installation must conform to
following standards
ID Explanation
2004/108/EU EMC (ElectroMagnetic Compatibility) Directive
Decision No 768/2008/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 July 2008 on a common framework for
768/2008/EU the marketing of products, and repealing Council Decision 93/465/EEC (Text with EEA relevance)
Directive 2006/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 on the harmonisation of
the laws of Member States relating to electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits (codified
2006/95/EU version) (Text with EEA relevance)
IEC 61851 Electric vehicle conductive charging system
Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle couplers
IEC 62196 and vehicle inlets – Conductive charging of electric vehicle
IEC 61439 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies
IEC 60364 Low-voltage electrical installations
IEC 60884-1:2006 (EVS 873:2007 ) Plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposes
IEC 60529 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 62262 Degrees of protection providedy enclosures for electrical equipment against external mechanical impacts (IK code)
JEVS G105* Connectors applicable to quick charging system at Eco-Station for Evs
Standardised protocol of DC quick charger and electric vehicle communications and charger control maintained by
CHAdeMO* CHAdeMO association.
ISO/IEC 14443 Identification cards – Contactless integrated circuit cards – Proximity cards
43. Climate conditions
Chargers must endure • Corrosion and ice-
and operate in Estonian melting salt protection
climate conditions. • Estonian climate
– Abs Max temp 36°C
– Abs. Min temp -42,6°C
–
Chargers must continually Average 5,6°C
• Bidder must demonstrate the climate
work in temp range -25C tests results (documents)
... +40C
44. Input power parameters
• Land-cabel pre-installed
• 3 phase, 400V, 50Hz
• Main switch parameters
– max 100A (SL01, SL02)
– max 180A (SL03, SL04)
• Input current
– SL01 or SL02 80-90A
– SL03 or SL04 160-180A
45. Simultaneous charging
• Chargers types SL03 or SL04 must be capable of
charging two cars at the same time.
• The point is that some load balancing might be
possible between simultaneous charging
sessions.
• Max time added for simultaneous charging must
not exceed 30% of single charging.
• Kredex is looking to optimize running costs and
real estate costs through these type of chargers
46. AC charging option
• Mode 3 Type 2 (Mennekes) socket outlet for those cars not
compatible with CHAdeMO (=Renault)
• DC fast charging is a priority. During DC charging AC socket outlet
must be unpowered.
• AC socket outlet must be incorporated to the same body as DC
charging
• AC charger controller must be able to conform to max
current/voltage allowed by car (or charging cord)
• No charging cord to be provided by charger
Type Nr of phases Freq, Hz Voltage, V Current, A Power, kW
SL01 1 50 230 16 3,7
SL02 3 50 400 32 22
SL03 1 50 230 16 3,7
SL04 3 50 400 32 22
47. Authentication
• User athentication to be chosen by the bidder
from following options:
– Smart card (RFID, NFC etc) IEC14443 or IEC15693
compatible or
– Mobile phone (SMS, mobile-id, NFC)
• User must authenticate in order to start and
stop charging session
48. Data storage
• Chargers should incorporate data storages
(hard disks etc.) for offline-operation of the
charger (it must include authentication
data, like white and black lists)
• Data must be stored for at least 7 days
• Data to be stored:
– Authentications
– Charging sessions (duration, energy consumed
etc)
49. Display and control buttons
• Functions:
– consumption/charging info
– User guidance
• If touch screen, when needs to be climate compatible
• Readability in brigh/dim light
• Charger must have control buttons (to operate screen, and/or
authenticate)
• Main control buttons: start, stop, emergency must be pushables.
• Touch screen functions can be doubled with keyboard
• Charger must inform user if charger cannot charge the car
(technical incompatibility)
• Display must inform user if car is charged to maximum, charger may
have special light indicator
50. Body and design of the charger
• Exterior must be corrosion proof
• No sharp and dangerous edges
• Graffity proof color
• Interior must be locked for unauthorized
access
• Color: white (or any other color approved by
KredEx)
51. Safety and security (1)
• Tender documents must • Overheating protection
include safety and • Remote and local
security documentation shutdown feature
as well as conformity to • Self shutdown in case of
standards emergency
• Parts that may be
dangerous to users have
to be marked with clear
and readable signs
• CE-mark
(768/2008/EU), IP54, IK10
(IEC62262)
52. Safety and security (2)
• Chargers must comply • Special rain protected
Estonian electric safety location to hold
law CHAdeMO connector
• Installation according to • Clear voice signal if
standard EVS-HD 60364 connector is not properly
(IEC 60364-7-721:2007) fixed during 10sec after
• Fault current protection end of charging session
max 20mA • AC socket outlet must be
• Protection unpowered if cable is not
switch/contactor to each connected
charging output • NMS must be capable of
switching off the charger
in case of emergency
54. Network management system
NMS should be capable to support following business
NMS is an functions EV infrastructure operator
integrated system of Charger network Customer
Financial
software(s) to control and services
services
management management
facilitate the
Technical Service management Supplier
provision of maintenance
• Charger maintenance
• Service developement
• Service control
management
• Energy services
charging services for • Control of chargers • Other support services
EV owners. IT-management
• Software maintenance
Customer support
• Real-time customer
Billings, account
settlements
• Interfaces with other support • With buyers
software systems • Customer self-service • With suppliers
• Software development
Energy management Customer relation Payment collection
• Energy load monitoring management • Management of payment
• Interface with the grid • Customer contracts gateways
management
• Customer analytics
Sales Financial control
• Sales management • Accounting
• Sales channel • Auditing
development and support
55. Functional modules of NMS
Data communications controller (charger <-> NMS)
Charger control Control of charging sessions
and management Remote control of chargers
System log
User accounts (customers, administrators, support)
User
Access control manegement
management
Authentication management
Tariff management
Service
management User agreements’ management
Support case management and reporting
Customer Q&A module over the web interface
support
Billing, invoicing
Financial
management Payments
Energy consumption analysis
Analytics
User analytics
57. Services to be procured from the
operator
Control and
technical
Customer support Security
maintenance of
charging network
Financial Financial
transactions with transactions with
energy supplier customers
58. Customer support
• Phone support 24/7 • Response times to errortickets
• 30sec max waiting time in – Hazardous error messages should
customer support phone lines be dealt immidiately by shutting
down the faulty charger
• Bidder should have manned – The charger that is not working
service to visit broken charges must be fixed within 24h or
and fix it within 60 minutes. If replaced if not fixable within 48h
that is not possible bidder should – Software errors must be fixed with
arrange the pick-up of stranded next software update if they are
EV and transport it to the nearest not security related problems
charger • All errors should be reported to
KredEx (monthly report)
• If error cannot be fixed, ot it’s
dangereous to humans or EVs it
should be reported to KredEx
immidiately
59. Control and technical maintenance of
charging network
Charger control Maintenance
• Realtime control over the NMS • Maintenance should be
– Status,
– Users
performed according to
– Energy consumption, manufacturer’s standards
– Metering functions • Maintenance staff should
– Temperature of charger
– Status of doors have been trained by
– Physical state/tilting manufacturer
• On-site inspection twice a year • Charger should be kept
– Visual overview and completeness
– Functionality
clean (dirt, graffity removal
– Safety of electrical connections etc.)
– Status of the location
60. Security services
• Bidder should provide security cameras to
those charging locations with no cameras
already attached
• Security videos should be stored for at least 3
days
• Other security services can be decided by the
bidder. They should be included in the price.
61. Financial transactions with energy
supplier
• Bidder and energy suppliers have freedom to
organize the energy selling agreements
between eachother
• Contracts between bidder and energy
company must be public to KredEx.
62. Financial transactions with consumers
• Bidder is responsible for organizing the
financial transactions with consumers
(agreements, invoicing, collecting payments
etc)
• Bidder must provide consumer with their
energy consumption data
63. Other requirements for operating
services
Charging locations Add-on services, personnel
• Bidder must monitor the state of • Bidder can develop add-on
charging locations and report if services in NMS and in charging
they don’t conform to agreement locations if KredEx will accept
between KredEx and property them
owners • Bidder should state in documents
their planned amount of
• Charger and charging locations personnel for operating service
must have proper lighting • Personnel should have necessary
• Bidder is reponsible for directing qualification
signs and traffic signage (if • In maintenance works they
necessary) should wear identifiable uniforms
• If this has been done by property • Leading software developers
owner then the bidder do not should be named in the tender
have to fulfill those duties documents (with CVs)
65. Estonia as a role model
• Estonia made a bold choice to build up fast
charging network
• Single operator single network management
system – business model test
• Scandinavia (Europe?) is watching closely how
we are performing
66. Unique opportunities for EV value
chain in Estonia
• Flexible and cost-effective test-bed
• High concentration of EVs
• DC fast charging and impact to grids
• Central operating model
• Advanced ICT infrastructure
• R&D possibilities for “second-life” of car
batteries (1000 EVs after year 2017)
67. Challenges so far
• Extreme timescale: everything must be
completed by the end of 2012
• We have to be robust and decisive
• How to gain a public support in these conditions?
• How to get big car manufaturers to bring EVs to
market?
• Mixed public opinion about EVs: lot of discussion
about EVs in cold climate, range/price seen as a
main problem
68. Conclusion
GOV
we provide 360° framework conditions to
wider adoption of EV’s.
EV value chain
must demonstrate the sustainable,
competitive solutions for private
transportation. Estonia is the best place to do
that.
