1. MOUNTAINS

2. HIGHEST AND LOWEST
PEAKS
• Highest Peak in the world
- The Everest (8850 meters)
• Lowest Peak in the world
- Mount Wycheproof (43 meters)

3. MOUNTAINS
• Mountains are a type of landform, characterized by high
elevation
• They are much higher, taller and steeper than hills and
other landforms.
• Varying climatic conditions can be observed on the
mountains due to their elevations or height.
• There is less oxygen and less protection from the sun’s
rays on top.

4. Rank Mountain Range Country Feet
1. Everest Himalayas Nepal/Tibet 29,035
2. K2 (Mount Godwin
Austen)
Karakoram Pakistan/Chi
na
28,250
3. Kangchenjunga Himalayas India/Nepal 28,169
4. Lhotse Himalayas Nepal/Tibet 27,940
5. Makalu Himalayas Nepal/Tibet 27,766
6. Cho Oyu Himalayas Nepal/Tibet 26,906
7. Dhaulagiri Himalayas Nepal 26,795
8. Manaslu Himalayas Nepal 26,781
9. Nanga Parbat Himalayas Pakistan 26,660
10. Annapurna Himalayas Nepal 26,545

5. HOW ARE MOUNTAINS FORMED?
• When tectonic plates collide, land features that
start as folds and faults can eventually become
large mountain ranges.
• Mountains exist because tectonic plates are
continually moving around and colliding with one
another.

6. Types of
Mountains

8. There are 5 different types of Mountain formations.
Fold Mountains
Fault-block Mountains

9. Dome Mountains
Volcanic Mountains
Plateau Mountains

10. TYPES OF MOUNTAINS
• Mountains are classified based on how they
formed.
• There are five types:
• Volcanic
• Folded
• Fault-block
• Dome
• Erosional
Appalachian Mountains in the U.S.

11. VOLCANIC MOUNTAINS

12. HOW IS A
VOLCANO
FORMED
Volcanoes are formed
when magma from within
the Earth's upper mantle
works its way to the
surface. At the surface, it
erupts to form lava flows
and ash deposits. Over
time as the volcano
continues to erupt, it will
get bigger and bigger.

13. The melted rock that
spills out of the crater
on the top of the
volcano is called lava.
The lava destroys
everything in its path
because it is very, very
hot!
A volcano erupts
when magma and
gases find a way
to escape, so
they burst to
the surface
through a vent.
An eruption can
be quite gentle
or very violent.
Why does a volcano
erupt?

14. • How many?
1511 volcanoes in last 10,000 years
• The biggest?
> 80,000 km3, Mauna Loa (Hawaii)
• The highest?
6,887 m, Ojos del Salado (Chile)
• The biggest eruption?
2,500 km3, Yellowstone, 2.2 Ma (USA)
• First volcanologist?
79 AD - Pliny the Younger
• Total deaths?
238,000 (1600-1982)
Volcano facts

15. VOLCANIC MOUNTAINS
• Formed from lava or debris, such as ash or
rocks, thrown out of a volcano.
• They are built up from eruptions that occur over
thousands or even millions of years.
• Mount Fuji in Japan is a volcanic mountain.

16. FOLD MOUNTAINS

17. FOLDED MOUNTAINS
• Most common type of mountains
• They are formed due to collision of two plates, pushing
against each other. Pushing against each other causes
intense pressure causing folding of the earth’s crust
• Anticline – the fold that descends on both sides
• Syncline – the fold that ascends from a common low point
(on both sides)

18. FOLDED MOUNTAINS
• The highest mountain ranges in the world are made up of
folded mountains.
• Example: Himalayas in Asia

19. FAULT-BLOCK
MOUNTAINS

20. BLOCK MOUNTAINS
• Formed when tension causes large blocks of the Earth’s
crust to drop down relative to other blocks.
• Mountains that have sharp, jagged peaks.
• Example: Sierra Nevada Mountains in California

21. BLOCK MOUNTAINS
• They are formed when blocks of rock materials
slide a fault’s in the earth’s crust.

22. TWO TYPES OF BLOCK
MOUNTAINS
•Lifted mountain – has two steeps
•Tilted mountain – has one steep
side and a gentle sloping side

23. BLOCK MOUNTAINS
The Grand Tetons in Wyoming & the Sierra
Nevada in California are fault-block mountains.

24. DOME MOUNTAINS

25. DOME MOUNTAINS
• These mountains are built from hot magma that rises
from and uplifts the overlaying sedimentary layer of the
earth’s crust.
• Magma actually erupted in the process but cools down
and hardens, hence forms the core of the mountain.
• It is called dome because of looking like the top half of a
sphere

26. DOME MOUNTAINS
• Navajo Mountains in Utah and Adirondack Mountain in
New York are examples of Dome Mountains.

27. EROSIONAL/PLATEAU
MOUNTAINS

28. EROSIONAL/PLATEAU
MOUNTAINS
• Plateau mountains are not formed by
internal activity, Instead, these
mountains are formed by erosion.
Plateaus are large flat areas that have
been pushed above see level by forces
within the Earth, or have been formed
by layers of lava.

29. • Pike’s Peak is a large mass of granite that has
resisted erosion many years. It is all that is left of
the mountain.
EROSIONAL/PLATEAU
MOUNTAINS

30. FACTS ON OUR
MIGHTY
MOUNTAINS

31. Mountains are a common sight on this planet.
They make up one-fifth of the world's
landscape
Mountains are an important source of water,
energy and biological diversity.
About 80 percent of our planet's fresh water
originates in the mountains.
The wild vegetation are surrounding the
mountains
The beautiful and rich greenery of the
mountains, and the rare medicinal plants of the
mountains are endangered.

32. Mountains are rich in minerals
Mountains are impressionable
to rough weather and accelerated soil erosion
Mountains are blessed with rare and valuable metals
The precious stones of mountains find their
application in modern living.
The thick forests of the mountain ecosystem bring
rainfall This prevents increase in temperature
Mountains are impressionable
to rough weather and accelerated soil erosion

33. Mountains in
daily life

34. DASHRATH MANJHI

35. THE MAN WHO BROKE A
MOUNTAIN
• Gehlour Ganj Mountain –
• A 300-foot tall mountain loomed between them and all the
basic facilities that they had always longed for. “That
mountain had shattered so many pots and claimed so many
lives. I could not bear that it had hurt my wife. If it took all my
life now, I would carve us a road through the mountain.”

36. HIS REASON TO BRAKE
THE MOUNTAIN
• Phaguni his wife fell ill. The doctor was in Wazirganj, which stood
just on the other side of the mountain, but the road leading to it
was 75 kilometers long. Unable to make the journey, she passed
away. Her death not only enraged him more, it spurred him on. It
was not an easy task. He would often get hurt by the rocks falling
from the unyielding mountain. He would rest and then start again.
At times, he helped people carry their things over the mountain for
a small fee, money to feed his children. After 10 years, as Manjhi
chipped away, people saw a cleft in the mountain and some came
to help. The government rewarded his efforts with a plot of land;
Manjhi promptly donated the land back for a hospital. They also
nominated him for the ‘Padma Shree’, but the forest ministry
officials fought the nomination, calling his work illegal. “I do not
care for these awards, this fame, the money,” he said. “All I want is
a road, a school, and a hospital for our people. They toil so hard. It
will help their women and children.”

37. MANJHI – THE
MOUNTAIN MAN
• Manjhi - The Mountain Man is a 2015 Indian biographical film,
based on the life of Dashrath Manjhi. Manjhi, widely known as the
"Mountain Man", was a poor labourer in Gehlaur village, near Gaya
in Bihar, India, who carved a path 9.1 metres (30 ft) wide and 110
metres (360 ft) long through a hill 7.6 metres (25 ft) using only a
hammer and chisel. The film is directed by Ketan Mehta, jointly
produced by Viacom 18 Motion Pictures and NFDC India.Upon
release the film received positive critical acclaim.
• Nawazuddin Siddiqui enacted the role of Dashrath Manjhi, while
Radhika Apte played Manjhi's wife. The film was released
worldwide on 21 August 2015. Prior to its release preview copy of
movie leaked on web on 10 August 2015. The Bandra-Kurla
Complex (BKC) cyber police station had registered a case against
a few unknown persons for leaking the movie. The Bihar State
Government declared the film tax-free on 30 July 2015.