1. * GB780002 (A)
Description: GB780002 (A) ? 1957-07-31
An electronic switching circuit arrangement
Description of GB780002 (A)
RESFERVE COPY
PATENT SPECIFICATION
780,002 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification July 9
1952.
No. 37887/56.
Application made in Netherlands on July 12, 1951.
(Divided out of No. 780,001).
Complete Specification Published July 31, 1957.
1o)I.DO The inventor of this invention in the sense of being the
actual deviser thereof within the meaning of Section 16 of the Patents
Act 1949, is Antonie Snijders of 28 Enschedelaan, The Hague, the
Netherlands, a subject of the Queen of the Netherlands.
Index at acceptance:-Class 40(6), G(1G: 2A).
International Classification: -H03k.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
CORRECTIOYOF CLEPRICAL EFROP SPECIFICATION NOo 730,002
The following correction is in accordance witn the Decision of the
Assistant Comptroller; acting for the Comptroller-General, dated the
twentyfourthli day February; 1958.
Page 1; lines 3 to 6; for IOctroolafdellng C148; 4 St.
Paulusstraat;Leldolhendam; Holland, fonnrmerly of Kortenaerkade, 12.
The Hague; Hollands" read '12i Kortenaerkade, The Hague, The
Netherlands; ".
THE PATENT 0 FFICE, 30th June, 19g5 and second output for respectively
reproducing and inverting a switching voltage, which is supplied
thereto at said input in one or other of two nomninal values.
The U.S. Patent 2,535,303 (Lewis) concerns a basic coincidence-circuit
and a combination of a plurality of such basic circu:
the latter being all of exactly the same composition. A similar
combination of two or more basic circuits according to this invention,

2. by means of one rectifier, is not mentioned in said U.S. Patent.
Furthermore the basic circuit according to this latter patent is not
provided with the resistor and its supply, is a feature of the present
invention.
On the contrary said basic circuit includes a resistor 18, in Fig. 1
of United States Patent Specification No. 2,535,303 which is connected
in parallel with one of the rectifiers in the circuit.
The switching circuit arrangement of the invention offers the
possibility, that on the one hand the mentioned rectifiers with their
cor[Price 3s. 6d.] DB 06182/1(3)/3636 150 6/58 R rectifiers.
The invention will be described in detail 65 with reference to the
accompanying drawings, of which Fig. 1 shows a circuit arrangement
according to the invention, and Fig. 2 shows a number of circuit
arrangements connected to co-operate in combination with each other 70
according to the invention.
The relay circuit of Fig. 1 is composed of a central conductor P
around whicht a plurality of rectifiers (G, to G7) is grouped, which
by all their corresponding sides, either anode or 75 cathode sides,
are connected to said conductor together with a resistor R, which at
its other side is supplied by the positive terminal of a voltage
source V. In Fig. 1 all the rectifiers are connected at the central
-conductor by 80 their anode sides. It is possible as well to connect
them at said conductor P with all their cathode sides. In that case
the resistor will be connected with its other side to the negative
terminal of the voltage source V. Said resistor 85 R is of high
resistor value with respect to the PATENT SPECIFICATION
780002 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification July 9
1952.
No. 37887/56.
Application made in Netherlands on July 12, 1951.
(Divided out of No. 780,001).
Complete Specification Published July 31, 1957.
The inventor of this invention in the sense of being the actual
deviser thereof within the meaning of Section 16 of the Patents Act
1949, is Antonie Snijders of 28 Enschedelaan, The Hague, the
Netherlands, a subject of the Queen of the Netherlands.
Index at acceptance:-Class 40(6), G(1G: 2A).
Intemnational Classification: -HO3k.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
An Electronic Switching Circuit Arrangement We, STAATSBEDRIJF DER
POSTERIJEN, TELEGRAFIE EN TELEFONIE, a Public Department of the
Netherlands of Octrooiafdeling C 148, 4 St. Paulusstraat,
Leidschendam, Holland, formerly of Kortenaerkade 12, The Hague,
Holland, do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a

3. patent may be granted to us and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement: -
The invention concerns a switching circuit arrangement, in particular
for use in electronic computers, code-converters and suchlike devices.
The switching circuit arrangement of the invention comprises a central
conductor, a resistor, a plurality of rectifiers and an equal or
lesser plurality of mutually equal switching units each provided with
a relatively highohmic input and a relatively low-ohmic first and
second output for respectively reproducing and inverting a switching
voltage, which is supplied thereto at said input in one or other of
two nominal values.
The U.S. Patent 2,535,303 (Lewis) concerns a basic coincidence-circuit
and a combination of a plurality of such basic circuLi the latter
being all of exactly the same composition. A similar combination of
two or more basic circuits according to this invention, by means of
one rectifier, is not mentioned in said U.S. Patent. Furthermore the
basic circuit according to this latter patent is not provided with the
resistor and its supply, is a feature of the present invention.
On the contrary said basic circuit includes a resistor 18, in Fig. 1
of United States Patent Specification No. 2,535,303 which is connected
in parallel with one of the rectifiers in 44 the circuit.
The switching circuit arrangement of the invention offers the
possibility, that on the one hand the mentioned rectifiers with their
cor[Price 3s. 6d.] responding, either anode or cathode sides and said
resistor are connected to the central conductor of the relevant
circuit arrangement, whilst on the other hand said resistor is
connected to a voltage source which is either negative or positive
depending upon which side of said rectifiers are connected to said 5(
central conductor whereas said rectifiers are connected to conductors
of other circuit arrangements and inputs or outputs of said switching
units, which in turn either control or are controlled by other circuit
arrangements, 55 in such way, that idle outputs of the first or second
mentioned kind produce one of saidvoltage values only in case the
voltage values, applied at all idle inputs represent a predetermined
combination, said resistor being of high 60 resistive value with
respect to the blocking resistance and of low resistive value with
respect to the conductive resistance of the rectifiers.
The invention will be described in detail 65 with reference to the
accompanying drawings, of which Fig. 1 shows a circuit arrangement
according to the invention, and Fig. 2 shows a number of circuit
arrangements connected to co-operate in combination with each other 70
according to the invention.
The relay circuit of Fig. 1 is composed of a central conductor P

4. around which, a plurality of rectifiers (G, to G7) is grouped, which
by all their corresponding sides, either anode or 75 cathode sides,
are connected to said conductor together with a resistor R, which at
its other side is supplied by the positive terminal of a voltage
source V. In Fig. 1 all the rectifiers are connected at the central
-conductor by 80 their anode sides. It is possible as well to. connect
them at said conductor P with all their cathode sides. In that case
the resistor will be connected with its other side to the negative
terminal of the voltage source V. Said resistor 85 R is of high
resistor value with respect to the resistance of the rectifiers G, to
G, in conductive condition, in order to prevent the voltage, applied
at an input of the circuit from being reduced too much by said
rectifier resistance (in conductive condition).
On the other hand the dimensions of the resistor R are so chosen, that
its resistance is low with respect to the blocking resistance of a
rectifier, in order to prevent the potential at the central conductor
P from being too much dependent on the number of blocking rectifiers.
Nevertheless the voltage drop over a relay circuit, caused by resistor
R and partially by the resistance of the rectifiers (either resisIs
tance in blocking oi conductive condition) needs compensating means,
Such compensating means consist of an electronic switching unit, which
in Figs. 1 and 2 is indicated in blockform (S1 to Sli). By these
electronic switching units, which are described in detail in the
Patent Application No. 37888/56 (Serial No. 780,003) a switching
voltage which is applied at the left hand lower terminal I is
reproduced at the right hand upper terminal U, whereas it is inverted
at the left hand upper terminal U'. This reproducing and inverting of
said switching voltage respectively by said electronic switching unit
is not only effected for the two nominal values of the applied
switching voltage, but also for values between said nominal value and
a reference potential, intermediate said nominal values, provided that
the switching voltage differs by about 1 volt of said reference
potential. The operation of the switching unit is regenerative, so
that also for the values of the applied switching voltage,
intermediate the nominal values and the reference potential the output
voltages have said nominal values. The reference potential (say: earth
potential) is common to all terminals T of the various switching
units, which to this end are interconnected.
The switching voltage is assumed to amount to 10 volts in nominal
value. Then the output terminals such as UW' and U, respectively
produce voltages of -10 and + 10 volt respectively if the switching
voltage has values between + 1 and + 12 volt. If the latter voltage
has values between -1 and -12 volt, then said output terminals U,' and
U, supply to +10 and -10 volt respectively. The voltage source V

5. mentioned before is connected with its other terminal to earth, that
is to the conductor which interconnects all terminals T. The switching
units are of a relatively high passive input resistance and of a
relatively low active output resistance. In the exemplary Fig.
1 switching units 51 and S3 act as voltage reproducing elements,
switching unit S2 on the contrary acts as a voltage inverting unit. 60
The working of the circuit of Fig. 1 is such that the output U, of
switching unit S3 is negative for all combinations of voltages applied
at Il and I2, except for the combination positive voltage at Il,
negative voltage at 65 I2, by which combination the output terminal U,
becomes positive. It is supposed in this case, that the branches of
the relay circuit, including rectifiers G,, G4, G, and G, are not
controlled by other circuits. That remains 70 true, however, in case
the latter branches G1 to G7 control other circuits. In the first case
these branches are connected to an active, in the last case to a
passive impedance.
A feature of the switching circuit arrangement according to the
invention is that a rectifier may be connected in such a way between
two different relay circuits that its action can be either controlling
or controlled (considered from one relay circuit outward). 80 To this
end this latter rectifier is connected as a coupling rectifier between
two relay circuits, which must be differently poled that is to say,
the rectifiers of the respective switching circuit arrangements are
connected to the respective central conductors with different (viz.
cathode and anode) sides respectively.
Such coupling rectifiers are shown in Fig.
2, (rectifiers G, and G,), in which figure those switching circuit
arrangements having central 90 conductors P,, P. and P, are coupled by
rectifiers G, and G-. The central conductors P, and P, are connected
via resistors R, and R, to the positive voltage source V'; P, on the
contrary is connected via resistor R., to the 95 negative voltage
source V.
Branches which are controlled from an external source are those with
rectifiers G,, G2, G3, G, and G,, being connected with switching
elements S4, S5, S6, S8 and Sl0. 10 Branches which have an outward
controlling function are those, comprising rectifiers G4, G, and G,,,
which are connected with switching elements S7, S11 and S9
respectively.
The function of the circuit is analyzed in 10 the following table.
From this table it becomes clear, that the coupling rectifiers G, and
G. in different cases accordingly work in different controlling
directions.
The switching voltages, either applied or 11 reproduced, are given in
the table only by + and -. If no sign at all is mentioned, the

6. switching effect is completely independent of the polarity of the
switching voltage that is applied at the relevant terminals. 11 In
such cases the latter may be either + or -; this has no effect in the
result of the switching action.
780,00)2 780,002 Controlled from external source Controlling outward
S4 S5 S6 S8 S10 S7 + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + - + + 54 55 S6 58 510
S9 + + + + + + + + S4 S5 S6 S8 S10 Sll + + + + + + + + The electronic
switching circuit of the invention has application in a code converter
such as that described in United Kingdom Patent Specification No.
17359/52 (Serial No.
780,001) from which the present specification is divided, in that case
the switching arrangement may be used as follows: A plurality of
inputs such as I1 and I2 of Fig. 1 is provided each corresponding with
a unit of a binary input signal. A number of switching circuit
arrangements is provided having common switching units such as S1 and
S2 of Fig. 1 connected to said inputs in such manner that for any of
the input signals the associated switching circuit arrangement
acquires at its common connecting point P in Fig. 1, a voltage which
differs from that occurring at the corresponding central point P of
further switching circuit arrangements. The output terminal such as I3
of Fig. 1 which is the input terminal of switching unit S3 of said
number of switching circuit arrangements may be connected to other
switching units such as S3 of Fig. 1 at the outputs of which such as
UW3 and U3 in Fig. 1, the converted code is obtained.
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