5391 5395.output

* GB785799 (A)
Description: GB785799 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Improvements in or relating to electric gas discharge tube counting or
distributing circuits
Description of GB785799 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION 785
invetrto: -JOHN HENRY BEESLEY.
Date of fiing Comiplete Specification April 12, 1956.
Alpplcation Date: May 10, 1965 No 13522155.
Complete Speeification Published: Nov 6, 1957.
Index at Acceptance:-Class 106 ( 1), A( 1 C: l OB 3).
International Classification:-G 06 f.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Electric Gas Discharge Tube Counting or
Distributing Circuits.
We, THE GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY LIMITED of Magnet House, Kingsway,
London, W C 2, a British Company, do hereby declare the invention, for
which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by
which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by
the following statement: -
This invention relates to electric counting or distributing circuits
that employ gas discharge tubes of the kind having an anode, a cathode
and a trigger electrode, the anode and cathode forming a main
discharge gap and the trigger electrode forming an auxiliary discharge
gap with the cathode Gas discharge tubes of the kind specified above
are hereinafter referred to as gas tubes.
The invention is particularly, but not exclusively, concerned with
electric counting or distributing circuits that employ cold cathode
gas discharge triodes.
It is an object of the present invention to provide improved electric
gas tube circuits of the kind operable to count or to distribute
electric signals occurring on two or more input leads.
According to the present invention, an electric counting or
distributing circuit includes at least two input leads, at least two

control devices connected to the input leads, a separate signal
carrying lead connected to each control device and a plurality of gas
tubes connected in cascade to form a chain, adjacent gas tubes along
the chain being associated with different ones of the signal carrying
leads and with different ones of the control devices and the control
devices being arranged to act in response to electric signals to be
counted or distributed occurring on the input leads to apply voltage
signals of a predetermined value to the siglPrice 3 s 64 1 nal
carrying leads, the arrangement being such that each gas tube in the
chain is, during operation, rendered conducting, upon the occurrence
on the associated signal carrying lead of a voltage signal of the
predetermined value only if the preceding gas tube in the chain is
then conducting, and the conduction of the first gas tube of any pair
of the said gas tubes that occupy adjacent positions in the chain
results in the extinction of the anode to cathode discharge in any
previousy conducting gas tube and determines that the next voltage
signal shall occur on the particular one of the signal carrying leads
which is associated with the second gas tube of the said pair.
According to a feature of the present invention, each control device
has an input circuit and an output circuit, the input circuits being
connected to the gas tubes and to one of the input leads and the
output circuits being each connected to a different one of the signal
carrying leads, each gas tube being connected to only one of the input
circuits and the arrangement being such that, during operation, a
control device responds to electric signals occurring on the input
leads to' which it is connected only if one of the gas tubes connected
to the input circuit of that control device is conducting, each
control device acting when so responded to apply a voltage signal of
the predetermined value to the signal carrying lead which is connected
to its output circuit and the signal carrying lead to which such a
voltage signal is applied being associated with the gas tube which
succeeds the conducting gas tube in the chain.
Each control device may include a second plurality of gas tubes which
are equal in number to the said input leads and which 5799 785,799 are
connected in cascade to form an open chain, the input circuit of each
control device being connected to a first one of the input leads and
to the first gas tube of the subsidiary chain formed by the associated
second plurality of gas tubes and the output circuit of each control
device being connected to the last gas tube of the associated
subsidiary chain, the arrangement being such that when the first gas
tube of a subsidiary chain is rendered conducting in response to an
electric signal on the first input lead, all the remaining gas tubes
of that chain are able to be rendered conducting in turn each in
response to an electric signal on a different one of the remaining

input leads, the last gas tube of a subsidiary chain acting when
rendered conducting to cause a voltage signal on the signal carrying
lead 2 o and the first gas tube of a subsidiary chain being rendered
conducting as aforesaid only when one of the associated gas tubes of
the first said plurality of gas tubes is conducting.
It may be arranged that each gas tube in the said subsidiary chains
acts when rendered conducting to cause the extinction of the anode to
cathode discharge in any previously conducting gas tube in the said
subsidiary chains.
Preferably, a counting or distributing circuit according to the
present invention includes two input leads and two signal carrying
leads, alternate gas tubes along the main chain formed by the first
said plurality of gas tubes being associated with the same one of the
signal carrying leads and it being arranged that during operation a
voltage signal of the predetermined value is applied to one of the
signal carrying leads in response to electric signals occurring one on
each input lead in a predetermined sequence.
A counting or distributing circuit according to the present invention
will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the six
Figures of the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which:Figures 1
and 2 should be laid side by side with the right hand edge of Figure 1
so against the left hand edge of Figure 2 to show the complete
circuit; Figure 3 shows the electric circuit of one form of the signal
input circuit shown in block form in Figure 1; Figure 4 shows the
electric circuit of a second form of the signal input circuit shown in
block form in Figure 1; Figure 5 shows the electric circuit of one
form of the control device which is shown in block form in Figures 1
and 2 and which is suitable for use with the signal input circuit of
Figure 3; and Figure 6 shows the electric circuit of a second form of
the control device which is shown in block form in Fianuree 1 "cl 9
and which is suitable for use with the signal input circuit of Figure
4.
The electric circuit shown in Figures 1 and Z has two input terminals
1 and 2 and is operable to count or to distribute electric 70 signals
applied to the input terminals 1 and 2 The counting or distributing is
carried out by a plurality, say eleven, of cold cathode gas discharge
triodes which are connected in cascade to form an open chain and of
which 75 only the gas triodes 11 to 15 providing the last five stages
of the chain are shown.
Each of the gas triodes 11 to 15 and the like has its anode connected
to a lead 3 and thence by way of a common resistor 4 80 to a terminal
5 During operation of the circuit an electric power supply is
connected between the terminals 5 and earth so that the lead 3 is at a
positive potential to earth.

This potential is of a value between the S 5 anode to cathode
discharge maintaining and discharge initiating value for any one of
the gas triodes 11 to 15 and the like It is thus arranged that a gas
triode of the chain is only able to be rendered conducting by 90
transfer of a trigger electrode to cathode discharge to its anode to
cathode gap As will be described more fully hereinafter, the function
of the resistor 4 is to ensure that only one of the gas triodes 11 to
15 and the 9 j 5 like can remain conducting at any time during a
counting or distributing operation.
The cathodes of the gas triodes 11 to 15 and the like are connected to
earth each by way of an individual network having two 100 parallel
arms One of these arms comprises a resistor 6 and the other arm
comprises a resistor 7 in series with a capacitor 8.
When any one of the gas triodes 11 to 15 and the like is rendered
conducting, the 105 resulting anode to cathode discharge current flows
through the associated resistor 6 and the cathode of the conducting
gas triode attains, after a short interval in time, a steady voltage
which is positive to earth 110 The value of the resistor 6 is so
chosen that this steady voltage is sufficient to initiate a trigger
electrode to cathode discharge in any other one of the gas triodes
when, as will be apparent hereinafter, it is applied 115 between those
electrodes The cathode voltage of a conducting gas triode rises
exponentially to a steady value due to the associated capacitor 8
Similarly, when the anode to cathode discharge in any conduct 120 ing
gas triode is extinguished, the cathode voltage of that gas triode
falls exponentially from the steady value to earth potential.
This exponential rise and fall in cathode voltage is employed in
conjunction with the 125 voltage drop across the resistor 4 to
extinguish the anode to cathode discharge in any previously conducting
gas triode when a further gas triode is rendered conducting.
The value of the resistor 4 is so chosen 130 the said steady voltage
is applied to the lead 10, the rectifier element 18 ceases to conduct
The voltage at the trigger electrode of the gas triode 12 thus rises
to the value of the said steady voltage and a trigger 70 electrode to
cathode discharge is initiated in the gas triode 12 The gas triode 12
is rendered conducting by transfer of the said discharge to its anode
to cathode gap and as a result, the anode to cathode discharge 75 in
the gas triode 11 is extinguished in the manner described above Upon
the conduction of the gas triode 12 the positive voltage on the lead
10 may be discontinued since it serves no part in the continued 80
operation of the gas triode 12.
From the foregoing description it will be appreciated that the gas
triodes 11 to 15 and the like can be rendered conducting in sequence
along the chain each as the result 85 of a positive voltage signal of

the aforesaid value applied to one or other of the signal carrying
leads 9 and 10 Each of the gas triodes 11 to 15 and the like has an
output terminal 21 connected to its cathode so that 90 the said steady
voltage which occurs at the cathode of a conducting gas triode is
available as an output signal.
Two conditions must be fulfilled if every one of the positive voltage
signals applied to 95 the leads 9 and 10 during a counting or
distributing operation is to be effective in causing one of the gas
triodes in the chain to be rendered conducting These conditions are as
follows: 100 ( 1) The positive voltage signals must be applied to the
signal carrying leads alternately.
( 2) The first positive voltage signal of a sequence must be applied
to the signal carry 105 ing lead 9 or 10 which is associated with the
gas triode succeeding the then conducting gas triode.
That the first of these conditions shall apply is readily apparent
from the previous 110 description taken in conjunction with Figures
1 and 2 of the drawings In connection with the second of the said
conditions, let it be assumed that the gas triode 11 is conducting
previously to the application of a 115 sequence of the said positive
voltage signals to be counted or distributed to the signal carrying
leads 9 and 10 The succeeding gas triode 12 of the chain is associated
with the lead 10 and is only able to be rendered 120 conducting in
response to a positive voltage signal on this lead 10 If then the
first said positive voltage signal of the sequence to be counted or
distributed is applied to the signal carrying lead 9 it is ineffective
so that 125 the said sequence of signals are not counted or
distributed correctly.
In order that both of the aforesaid conditions are always met during
operation of the chain of gas triodes 11 to 15 and the 130 that when
any two of the gas triodes 11 to and the like are conducting
simultaneously across their anode to cathode gaps, the resulting
voltage of the lead 3 relative to earth is insufficient to maintain an
anode to cathode discharge in any gas triode having its cathode
positive to earth by an amount substantially equal to the said steady
voltage If the said two gas triodes are rendered conducting
sequentially so that the cathode of the first is at the said steady
voltage before the second is rendered conducting then the capacitor 8
in the cathode circuit of the said first gas triode will pre13 vent
the cathode voltage of that gas triode from falling much below the
said steady voltage until the extinguishing process is completed The
corresponding capacitor 8 in the cathode circuit of the said second
gas 2 o triode will prevent the cathode of that gas triode from rising
more than a few volts positive to earth during the time taken to
extinguish the said first gas triode It will be appreciated that under

the aforesaid conditions only the first said gas triode will be
extinguished.
In the chain formed by the gas triodes 11 to 15 and the like, each gas
triode other than the gas triode 15 has its cathode connected to the
trigger electrode of the succeeding gas triode in the chain by way of
a signal gating circuit Two signal carrying leads 9 and 10 are
provided which are connected to earth by way of resistors 19 and 20
respectively and to which the said gating circuits are connected
Alternate gating circuits along the chain are connected to the same
signal carrying lead 9 or 10 The electric circuit of each said gating
circuit is identical so that only one will be considered in detail as
follows:The cathode of the gas triode 11 is connected to the trigger
electrode of the gas triode 12 by way of a resistor 16 and a rectifier
element 17 in series The junction of these two elements 16 and 17 is
connected to the signal carrying lead 10 by way of a further rectifier
element 18 Each of the rectifier elements 17 and 18 is connected so as
to be conductive to conventional current flow from the cathode of the
gas triode 11 As stated above, the lead 10 is connected to earth over
a resistor 20 If then the gas triode 11 is rendered conductJ 5 ing,
the resulting steady voltage at its cathode is applied across the
potentiometer formed by the resistor 16, the rectifier element 18 and
the resistor 20 in series The voltage which occurs at the junction of
the resistor 16 and the rectifier element 18 and which is applied over
the rectifier element 17 to the trigger electrode of the gas triode 12
is thus arranged to be substantially less than the said steady voltage
If now a posi6,3 tive voltage signal of value at least equal to
785,799 lke, two control devices 22 and 23 are nrow vided These
control devices 22 and 23 are connected to two input leads 24 and 25
and thence by way of a signal input circuit 26 to the terminals 1 and
2 As will be described more fully hereinafter, each control device 22
and 23 has an input circuit and an output circuit The output circuit
of the control device 22 is connected to the signal carrying lead 9
and the output circuit of the control device 23 is connected to the
signal carrying lead 10 Each of the said input circuits is connected
to the input lead 24 and to one or other of two control leads 27 and
28 The odd gas triodes 11, 13, and the like have their cathodes
connected, each by way of an individual rectifier element 29, to the
control lead 28 and thence to the control device 23 which is
associated, by way of the signal carrying lead 10, with the even gas
triodes 12, 14 and the like Similarly, the even gas triodes 12, 14 and
the like have their cathodes connected, each by way of an individual
rectifier element 30, to the control lead 27 and thence to the control
device 22 which is associated, by way of the signal carrying lead 9,
with the odd gas triodes 11, 13, 15 and the like.

In the above manner it is arranged that when, for example, the gas
triode 11 is conducting, the steady voltage developed at the cathode
of that gas triode 11 is applied over the associated rectifier element
29 to the control lead 28 The input circuit of each control device 22
and 23 is such that unless the said steady voltage is applied to its
associated control lead 27 or 28 it will not respond to the electric
condition which occurs on the input lead 24 when an electric signal to
be counted or distributed is applied to the input terminals 1 and 2
Only the input circuit of the control device 23 responds when the said
electric condition occurs on the input lead 24 In so responding the
said input circuit enables the control device 23 to operate to a
further electric condition which subsequently occurs on the input lead
25 When the control device operates it causes a voltage signal, which
is positive to earth by an amount substantially equal to the said
steady voltage, to be applied to the signal carrying lead 10 As a
result of this positive voltage signal the gas triode 12 is rendered
conducting and in so doing causes the anode to cathode discharge in
the gas triode 11 to be extinguished in the manner previously
described, thereby restoring the control lead 28 to earth notential.
The steady voltage at the cathode of the gas triode 12 is applied over
the associated rectifier element 30 to the input circuit of the
control device 22 This input circuit responds to an electric condition
occurring as aforesaid on the input lead 24 and the control device 22
thereafter operates to the electric condition occurring on the input
lead 25 The resulting positive voltage signal on the lead 9 causes the
gas triode 74 13 to be rendered condueting so th At the gas Driode 12
is extinguished and the control lead 27 restored to earth potential.
it will be appreciated from the above that when, during a counting or
distributing 7) operation, one of the gas triodes 11 to 15 and the
like is conducting, that gas triode automatically determines that the
next positive voltage signal shall be applied to the signal carrying
lead 9 or 10 which is associ i i ated with the succeeding gas triode
in the chain.
The electric circuit of the signal input circuit 26 may take on any
one of a number of forms of which two are shown in Figures s 5 3 and 4
The signal input circuit shown in Figure 3 is suitable for those
applications where each electric signal to be counted or distributed
comprises two voltage pulses which are positive with respect to earth
and 90 which are applied sequentially each between a different one of
the input terminals 1 and 2 respectively and earth In the particular
application considered above it would be necessary to arrange that the
first 9 '5 voltage pulse of an electric signal is applied between the
input terminal 1 and earth, whereafter the other voltage pulse of the
electric signal is applied between the input terminal 2 and earth The

purpose of the I O f} resistors 33 and 34 which are connected between
the input leads 24 and 25 respectively and earth is to maintain the
input leads 24 and 25 at earth potential in the absence of voltage
pulses on the input 105 terminals 1 and 2 respectively.
The signal input circuit shown in Figure 4 is suitable for those
applications where the electric signals to be counted or distributed
are current pulses and are supplied 110 in series with the input
terminals 1 and 2.
An electro-magnetic relay A has its winding connected between the
input terminals 1 and 2 and is operable by the current pulses supplied
to those terminals Contacts Al, 115 which are shown in their
non-operated position, arc operated by the relay A when its winding 35
is energised These contacts Al comprise a spring contact 36 which is
connected to earth, a fixed contact 37 which is 112 o connected to the
input lead 24 and a moveable contact 30 which is connected to the
iinput lea 2 As i 51 o V in th, drawing the sprina contact 36 is
normally in engagement with the fixed contact 37 so that the 125 input
lead 24 is at earth potential When the contacts Al are operated, the
movable contact 38 engages with the spring contact 36 and thus moves
this contact 36 out oi encacernent with the fixed contact 37 Dur 1:34)
785,799 of the kind hereinbefore described in connection with the gas
triodes 11 and 12 (Figure 1) It is thus arranged that the steady
voltage which occurs at the cathode of the gas triode 41, when
conducting, is 70 only applied in full to the trigger electrode of the
gas triode 42 when a voltage pulse of at least the same value and
polarity as the said steady voltage is applied between the input lead
25 and earth 75 The output circuit of the control device 22 includes
the resistor 6 in the cathode circuit of the gas triode 42 and a
rectifier element 46 which is connected between the cathode of the gas
triode 42 and the signal 80 carrying lead 9 so as to be conductive to
conventional current flow from the said cathode to the lead 9 The
steady voltage which occurs at the cathode of the gas triode 42 when
conducting is thus applied 85 over the rectifier element 46 to the
lead 9.
The voltage pulses which, during a counting or distributing operation,
are applied between the terminals 1 and 2 and earth and thence by way
of the signal input circuit 26 90 of Figure 3 to the input leads 24
and 25 are arranged to be of a value which is at least equal to the
steady voltage occurring at the cathode of the gas triodes 41, 42 or
the like when conducting As previously described, 95 a voltage of the
same value as the said steady voltage is applied to the control lead
27 when any one of the even gas triodes 12, 14 or the like of the
circuit shown in Figures 1 and 2 is conducting If during 100 a
counting or distributing operation none of the even gas triodes 12, 14

and the like is conducting then the control lead 27 is at earth
potential If then a voltage pulse is applied between the input lead 24
and earth 105 the rectifier element 40 conducts so that the voltage
applied to the trigger electrode of the gas triode 41 is insufficient
to render that gas triode 41 conducting A positive voltage of the
aforesaid value on the control 110 lead 27 prevents the rectifier
element 40 from conducting when a voltage pulse is applied to the
input lead 24 This voltage pulse is therefor applied in full across
the trigger electrode to cathode gap of the gas 115 triode 41 and
initiates a discharge between those electrodes This discharge
transfers to the anode to cathode gap of the gas triode 41 by virtue
of the voltage of the lead 43.
The resulting steady voltage at the cathode 120 of the gas triode 41
is gated to the trigger electrode of the gas triode 42 when a voltage
pulse is applied between the input terminal 2 and earth The gas triode
42 then conducts and in so doing causes the anode to 125 cathode
discharge in the gas triode 41 to be extinguished The resulting steady
voltage at the cathode of the gas triode 42 is applied over the
rectifier element 46 to the signal carrying lead 9 and renders
conducting that 130 ing the operation of the contacts Al there is a
short interval in time when both input leads 24 and 25 are connected
to earth whereafter the earth is disconnected from the input lead 24.
When the signal input circuit 26 is of the form shown in Figure 3 the
electric circuit of each of the control devices is preferably of the
form shown in Figure 5.
Similarly, when the signal input circuit 26 is of the form shown in
Figure 4 the electric circuit of each of the control devices 22 and 23
is preferably of the form shown in Figure 6.
The control device 22 which is shown in Figure 5 comprises an input
circuit, an output circuit and two cold cathode gas discharge triodes
41 and 42 which are connected in cascade to form an open chain.
2 o The cathode circuits of the gas triodes 41 and 42 are identical in
all respects with the cathode circuits of the gas triodes 11 to and
the like (Figures 1 and 2) so that the same reference numerals are
employed.
The anodes of the gas triodes 41 and 42 and of the corresponding gas
triodes (not shown) in the control device 23 are connected tot gether
over a lead 43 and thence by way of a common resistor 44 to a terminal
45.
The terminal 45 and the resistor 44 are shown in Figures 1 and 2 and
correspond in function to the terminal 5 and the common resistor 4 of
those Figures Thus during operation of the counting or distributing
circuit (Figures 1 and 2) an electric power supply is connected
between the terminal 45 and earth The voltage value of this power

supply in relation to the anode to cathode discharge maintaining and
discharge initiating voltages for the gas triodes 41, 42 and the like
is as hereinbefore described in connection with the power supply to
the terminal 5 and the gas triodes 11 to and the like Thus the
conduction of any one of the gas triodes 41, 42 and the like results
in the extinction of the anode to cathode discharge in any previously
conducting gas triode 41, 42 and the like in either one of the control
devices 22 and 23.
The input circuit of the control device shown in Figure 5 includes a
resistor 39 and a rectifier element 40 connected in series and in that
order between the input lead 24 and the control lead 27 The junction
of s 5 these two elements 39 and 40 is connected over a rectifier
element 47 to the trigger electrode of the gas triode 41 The rectifier
elements 40 and 47 are each connected so as to be conductive to
conventional current flow from the said junction to the control lead
27 and to the said trigger electrode respectively.
The cathode of the gas triode 41 is connected to the trigger electrode
of the gas triode 42 by wnv of a signal gating circuit 785,799 one of
the odd gas triodes 11, 13, 15 and the like (Figures 1 and 2) which
succeeds the particular one of the even gas triodes 12, 14 and the
like which is then conducting.
The electric circuit of the control device shown in Figure 6 differs
from the circuit shown in Figure 5 only in the form of its input
circuit Corresponding elements in the two circuits (Figures 5 and 6)
are therefore referenced with the same reference numerals.
The input circuit of the control device 22 shown in Figure 6 includes
a resistor 48 and a rectifier element 49 connected in series and in
that order between the control lead 27 and the input lead 24 The
junction of these two elements 48 and 49 is connected over the
rectifier element 47 to the trigger electrode of the gas triode 41 and
the rectifier element 49 is connected so as to be conductive to
conventional current flow from the said junction to the input lead 24
The input lead 24 is normally connected to earth over the contacts Al
(Figure 4) so that the rectifier element 49 will conduct in the event
of a positive voltage being applied to the control lead 27 If
therefore one of the even gas triodes 12, 14 or the like (Figures 1
and 2) is conducting the resulting positive voltage in the control
lead 27 is prevented from initiating the operation of the gas triode
41 Upon the operation of the relay A (Figure 4) in response to an
electric signal to be counted or distributed, the earth is
disconnected from the input lead 24 and connected to the input lead 25
The disconnection of the earth from the input lead 24 renders the
rectifier element 49 ineffective so that the gas triode 31 is rendered
conducting The resulting steady voltage at the cathode of the gas

triode 41 is prevented from rendering the gas triode 42 conducting
since the rectifier element 50 is conducting.
Upon the termination of the electric signal supplied to the terminals
1 and 2 the relay A (Figure 4) releases and its contacts Al restore
The resulting disconnection of the earth from the input lead 25
renders the o rectifier element 50 ineffective and the gas triode 42
consequently conducts with the results previously described.
Each of the gas triodes 11 to 15 and the like of Figures 1 and 2 and
the gas triodes o 41, 42 and the like of the control devices (Figures
5 and 6) has a rectifier element in its trigger electrode circuit Such
an element is the rectifier element 47 which is connected in the
trigger electrode circuit of the gas triode 41 of Figures 5 and 6
Thefunction of the rectifier elements 47 and the like is to prevent
conventional current flow from the associated trigger electrode as may
otherwise occur when the gas triode is rendered conducting Such
current flow is found to be undesirable in practice since it may
result in damage to the gas triode.
The said rectifier elements 47 and the like also provide a low
resistance to conventional current flow towards the associated trigger
70 electrodes This is desirable since the lower the resistance of the
trigger electrode circuit of a gas triode the shorter the time taken
between the application of a suitable voltage between the circuit of
the trigger electrode 75 and the cathode of the gas triode and the
initiation of a discharge between those electrodes.
The rectifier elements 47 and the like tend to isolate their
associated trigger elec 80 trodes To overcome this, each of the gas
triodes 11 to 15 and the like and 41, 42 and the like has its trigger
electrode connected to its cathode by way of a resistor 51 The value
of the resistors 51 is very i 5 large, being in the order of several
Megohms.
If the number of gas triodes 11 to 15 and the like in the main chain
is a multiple of the number of signal carrying leads 9 and 90 then the
said gas triodes of the main chain may be connected in a closed chain
if so desired That is to say, the gas triode may have its cathode
connected to the trigger electrode of the first gas triode in 95 the
chain by way of a signal gating circuit in the same way as the gas
triode 11 say is connected to the gas triode 12.
The number of gas triodes in each control device 22 or 23 will usually
correspond 1 00 to the number of input leads 24 and 25, each gas
triode of a control device 22 or 23 being rendered conducting by
electric signals occurring on a different one of the input leads 24
and 25 in such a manner that i 05 the sequence in which the gas
triodes can be rendered conducting corresponds to the sequence in
which, during operation, the electric signals occur on the input

leads.
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* GB785800 (A)
Description: GB785800 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Improvements in domestic fire grates
PATENT SPECIFICATION
l)ate offfling Cownrlete Specification: J May 16, 1936.
Application Datle: May 17, 1955 No 141531/55.
Complete Specificatioib Published: Nov 6 195.
Index at Acceptance 2-Ciasses 123, B(SA: 3 B: 8: 43 A 3); and 137, B 1
(B: C).
International Classification:-024 b, f.
Improvements in Domestic Fire Grates.
I, FREDERICK WILLIAM THOMAS, a British Subject, of Applegarth, Regent
Road, Lostopk, Bolton, County of Lancaster, do hereby declare this
invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the foll Qwing statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in domestic fire grates of the
kind in which the air for combustion is supplied by a duct or pipe
from below the floor of the room to the underside of the grate.
According to the invention a sliding or hinged door or doors is/are
provided in front of the grate whereby when the door or doors is/are
closed the space between the grate and the flue will be closed also,
and a second duct or pipe is arranged to supply air from below the

floor to the front or room side of the door or doors.
A third duct or pipe may also be provided to supply air from below the
floor to the grate adjacent to the sides thereof for the purpose of
preventing a partial vacuum in the space behind the door or doors when
the latter is/are closed.
The door or doors is/are formed wholly or partially of a transparent
or translucent material such as heat resistant glass, mica or a
suitable heat resistant non-thermoplastic synthetic resin.
The invention is illustrated in, and will be described with reference
to, the accompanying drawings, in which Fig 1 is a plan of a grate
showing a slide way for a pair of sliding doors and the floor in front
of the grate; Fig 2 is a section on line 2-2 of Fig 1; Fig 3 is a
section on line 3-3 of Fig 1; and Fig 4 is a front elevation showing
the doors closed.
Two horizontal slideways bl and b 2 are arranged in front of the grate
A one at the bottom and the other at the top thereof and two sliding
doors B' and B 2 are mounted in the slideways bl and b 2 so that they
can be moved to open or close the space a between the grate A and the
flue A'.
Each door B' or B 2 is formed wholly or partially of a transparent or
translucent material such as heat resistant glass, mica or a suitable
heat resistant non-thermoplastic synthetic resin, as shown in Figs 2
and 3 each door may be formed of two layers of material with a space b
between the layers.
Instead of two sliding doors B' and B 2 a single sliding door may be
employed or alternatively two hinged doors or a single hinged door may
be employed.
Air for combustion is supplied to the underside of the grate A by a
duct or pipe C from below the floor D of the room Air is also supplied
to the front or room side of the door or doors by a second duct or
pipe E from below the floor D of the room.
Air is also supplied from below the floor D to the sides of the grate
A by a third duct or pipe F which terminates in two branches fl and f
2 leading respectively to the two sides of the grate The air supplied
by the duct or pipe F serves to prevent the formation of a partial
vacuum in the space a when the door or doors is/are closed.
Each duct or pipe C, E and F is provided with an air regulator or
damper c, e or f preferably located in the hearth D' between the kerb
d and the grate A by which the supply of combustion air, of the air
outside the door or doors and of the air to the sides of the grate can
be regulated.
An ash box G is arranged in the ash pit below the grate A and is
adapted to be lifted therefrom when the grate has been removed.
785,800 8 s 785,800 When the door or doors are closed the air supplied

at the front thereof by the duct E will become heated and pass into
the room without being contaminated with any of the products of
combustion from the fire so that fresh air is continuously introduced
into the room and the draughts caused by an open fire will be
eliminated.
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* GB785801 (A)
Description: GB785801 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Improvements in or relating to conveyor systems
Improvements in or relating to Conveyor systems.
I, DONALD MAYER KING, a British Subject, of Argyle Works, Stevenage,
Hertfordshire, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that
a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to conveyor systems and more particularly to
such systems of the kind comprising an endless conveyor chain adapted
to run in a fixed track such chain being adapted to support a
plurality of load carriers in such a manner that while such carriers
will normally travel with the chain they may nevertheless be stopped
at any time without interrupting or in any way interfering with the
drive to said chain. A system of the kind indicated is described in
Patent No 701,610.
It is the chief object of the invention to evolve an improved load
carrier for use in conveyor systems of the kind indicated.

According to the invention the load carrier for use in a conveyor
system of the kind indicated comprises a frame member of C or
substantially C shape in end elevation such member being pressed or
similarly formed from sheet metal and a shoe or skid member fixedly
mounted at the upper part of said frame member, said shoe or skid
member being adapted to seat on the conveyor chain and being formed
with upturned end portions one of which is longer than the other so
that the shorter end portion, will act as an abutment for the longer
end portion of an adjacent load carrier.
In order that the said invention may be clearly understood and readily
carried into effect one constructional embodiment thereof will now be
described with reference to the drawings accompanying the Provisional
Specification and in which:
Figure 1 is a side elevational view of a load carrier.
Figure 2 is an end elevational view.
Referring now to the drawings 10 denotes the main frame portion of the
load carrier which as can be seen from Figure 2 is of substantially C
shape when viewed in end elevation. The frame which is formed of sheet
metal incorporates a central rib portion 11 of substantially
rectangular channelled section such rib portion serving to stiffen
said frame. 12 denotes a stiffening or reinforcing plate which is
welded or otherwise suitably secured to the inner surface of the
frame. Mounted at the upper part of the frame 10 is a shoe or skid
member 13 which latter is adapted when the load carrier is in use to
rest on an endless conveyor chain and stably to support the carrier.
Figure 2 serves clearly to show the manner in which the load carrier
will be employed and referring now to that Figure 14 designates a
fixed track in which an endless conveyor chain is adapted to run such
chain incorporating a plurality of rollers which are spaced
eqmdistantly apart along the length thereof and are adapted to project
upwardly above the upper surface of said chain. The skid or shoe
member 13 on the load carrier will rest on the rollers carried by the
conveyor chain, the arrangement being such that while the carrier will
normally be conveyed along by said chain it may nevertheless be
stopped at any time without interrupting the drive to the conveyor
chain since the rollers carried by the latter and contacting the shoe
or skid member 13 will merely rotate idly.
Also mounted on a suitable bracket element affixed to the upper
portion of the frame 10 is a pair of guide rollers 15 which are freely
rotatable and are adapted, as will be appreciated from Figure 2, to
co-operate with one wall of the track 14 to prevent undesired lateral
displacement of the load carrier when the latter is in position on the
conveyor.
16 denotes a hood element which serves to cover the top of the carrier

and also to provide guide means for so-called dog ejector device 17.
The device 17 comprises a vertically movable plunger element located
for sliding movement in aligned slots or apertures formed respectively
in the shoe or skid member 13, a packing plate 18 and the aforesaid
hood element 16. While the device 17 is capable of free vertical
movement the extent of its downward movement is limited by a pin 19
which is adapted to engage in a vertical slot in said device.
The dog ejector device 17 is adapted to function in the folIowing
manner:--
In conveyors of the kind with which the invention is concerned it is
common practice to provide on the conveyor chain a plurality of
driving dogs or abutments which are adapted to be projected upwardly
from the chain to engage in a recess or the like in any load carrier
thereby to ensure that a positive drive will be imparted to such
carrier. In the present case such a driving dog or abutment would
normally engage in the slot or aperture in the shoe or skid member 13
in which the ejector device is accommodated, the latter being thus
forced upwardly into a position such as is shown in dotted lines in
Figure 1. By providing a ramp or like surface at a convenient point
along the conveyor and in the line of movement of the dog ejector
device 17 it will be possible to impart a positive downward movement
to such device thereby to cause it to depress and disengage the
driving dog or abutment from the aperture or recess in the shoe or
skid member 13 so that the load carrier will no longer be positively
connected to the conveyor chain.
Mounted at the lower part of the frame 10 is a guide roller and lower
bar assembly designated generally by 20, such assembly incorporating
guide rollers 21 freely rotatable about vertical axes and further
guide rollers 22 rotatable about a horizontal axis such guide rollers
being adapted to co-operate with portions of the fixed track 14 to
stabilise the carrier and to prevent undesired lateral movement
thereof. The assembly also inincorporates a spring loaded bar 23 which
is capable of limited vertical movement such load bar incorporating an
outwardly proiecting arm 24 which is adapted to cooperate with
switches or the like disposed along the conveyor path as described in
Patent No. 701,610.
It will be noted from Figure 1 that the shoe or skid member 13 is
formed with upturned end portions one of which is longer than the
other. The particular construe tion of the shoe or skid member is very
advantageous. It will be appreciated that when a load carrier is held
stationary on a conveyor, the shorter upturned end at the rear of the
shoe or skid member 13 will provide a convenient abutment for the
longer upturned end at the forward part of the shoe or skid of the
next succeeding load carrier so that the latter will be stopped

without any possibility of jamming or other undesired inter-engagement
of the load carriers or possible displacement thereof from the
conveyor chain. The abutting end portions of the shoe or skid members
of adjacent carriers will provide adequate areas of contact so that
there will be no tendency for any relative displacement of the
carriers such as might result in dislocation of the conveyor system.
What I claim is:
1. A load carrier for use in a conveyor system of the kind indicated
and comprising a frame member of C or substantiaily C shape in end
elevation such member being pressed or similarly formed from sheet
metal and a shoe or skid member fixedly mounted at the upper part of
said frame member said shoe or skid member being adapted to seat on
the conveyor chain and being formed with upturned end portions one of
which will act as an abutment for the longer end portion of the shoe
or skid member of an adjacent carrier.
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* GB785802 (A)
Description: GB785802 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Improvements in means for operating switches in response to the movement of
a structure or mechanism in an aircraft
785,802 Date of Application and Filing Complete Specification:
& 8 June 14, 1955.
No 17054/55.
Application made in United States of America on July 20, 1954.
Complete Specification Published: November 6, 1957.

Index at acceptance: Classes 4, D 5; and 38 ( 5), B(D 2 X: 2 A 7).
International Classification: B 64 d, H 102 c.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Means for Operating Switches in response to the
movement of a Structure or Mechanism in an Aircraft.
We, SPECIALTIES DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, a corporation organised and
existing under the laws of the State of New Jersey, United States of
America, located at 675 Main Street, Belleville 9, New Jersey, United
States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray
that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to
be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to electrical circuit makers, and more
particularly to switches which are operable by excessive movement of a
structure or mechanism such as an engine mounted adjacent thereto.
Heretofore, it has been proposed to provide aircraft with systems
which are automatically operable in the event of a crash to prevent
explosions in the fuel tanks or the breaking out of fire for example
In such systems, it is necessary that initiating means be able to
sense a crash as distinguished from disturbances caused by other less
violent occurences such as storms and the like, normal relative
movement of parts within predetermined limits, such as is occasioned
by vibrations, for example, as well as from malfunction of components
in the system itself Such systems may therefore be operated by the
actuation of a plurality of switches simultaneously, each of which
responds to a different condition which has been found to occur during
a crash.
Careful study of crashes revealed that explosion or fire often result
when, due to the force of the impact, an engine is torn loose from its
mount severing fuel and oil lines and permitting the contents thereof
to spill and contact hot engine parts such as the cylinder block,
exhaust manifold and the like.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a
switch mechanism which is adapted to control an electrical circuit
actuating means for the suppression (Price 3 s 6 d) of explosions in
the fuel tanks for example, in the event that an engine, for example,
is caused to move with respect to the aircraft frame in excess of the
movement due to normal vibration and torque So It is another object to
provide such apparatus with an initiating member abutting the engine
structure capable of reacting to excessive movement thereof such as
might occur in the event of a crash 55 It is another object to provide
such apparatus wherein excessive movement of the engine structure will
effect actuation of the circuit controlling means.
It is a further object to provide such ap 60 paratus which is reliable

and efficient in operation, is easily installed, cannot get out of
adjustment, is light in weight, requires little maintenance, is free
from damage due to moisture or dust and has a long life 65 In
accordance with the present invention, the foregoing objects are
accomplished by providing, in combination with an aircraft having a
structure or mechanism arranged for movement within predetermined
limits, 70 a device comprising rod means having an end surface
normally abutting the structure or mechanism and being supported for
movement out of its normal position in either of its lengthwise
directions, a spring 75 for urging said rod towards the structure or
mechanism, actuating means, and means on said rod means for effecting
operation of said actuating means upon movement of the structure or
mechanism beyond said pre 80 determined limits.
A preferred embodiment of the invention has been chosen for purpose of
illustration and description, and is shown in the accompanying
drawing, forming a part of the spec 85 ification, wherein the single
figure is a longitudinal fragmentary view, partly in section, of
apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
Referring to the drawing in detail, there 90 785,802 is shown a frame
or casing 10 supporting a conventional switch 11 and formed with a
pair of opposite apertures 12 and 14 in the ends thereof and with a
sleeve portion 13 surrounding the aperture 14 and extending outwardly
thereof Slide bearings 15 and 16 are mounted in the respective
apertures 12 and 14, a rod 17 is slidably mounted in the bearing 15
and has an inner end within the casing and an outer end projecting
outvwardly therefrom, an elongate element 19 connected to the inner
end of the rod 17 for movement therewith is slidably mounted in the
other bearing 16, and a helical compression spring 20 is arranged for
urging the outer end of the rod 17 outwardly of the bearing 15.
The switch 11 is provided with an actuating plunger 21 and an
operating arm 22 formed preferably of spring steel, secured at one end
to the switch body and positioned over the plunger at its other end A
roller 24 is mounted at the free end of the arm and is normally urged
by the spring action thereof in a direction away from the plunger 21
The terminals of the switch are connected to an electrical connector
25 in the casing in the usual manner.
The bearing 15 is formed with an elongate sleeve portion 26 through
which the rod 17 extends, and a flanged collar 27 is secured to the
rod adjacent its outer end for movement therewith The spring 20 fits
over the sleeve 26 and bears against the flanged collar 27 at one end
and against the bearing 15 at the other end to urge the rod 17 to the
left, as viewed The inner end of the rod, disposed within the casing,
is screw threaded and is formed with a flat zone 29 extending
longitudinally to a point within the bearing 15 A pin 30 mounted in

the bearing 15 extends through the bearing opening and abuts the flat
zone 29 of the rod for a purpose to be described hereinafter.
The element 19, slidably mounted in the bearing 16, is generally
cylindrical in contour and is formed with a section 31 of reduced
diameter having frustro-conical cam faces 32 and 34 at the respective
ends for actuating the switch as described hereinafter.
The inner end of the element 19 is provided with an internally
threaded longitudinal bore 35 for securing the inner end of the rod 17
for movement therewith The element 19 is provided with a diametric
slot 36 at its free end and with a circumferential groove 37 adjacent
that end A pin 39 is mounted in the element 19 and extends radially
outwardly therefrom at each end thereof, and is disposed within a pair
of diametrically oppos Ite slots 40 in the end of the sleeve portion
13.
To mount the device for actuatinlg the svwitch 11 upon movemlent of an
aircraft engine, for example, in excess of the normal movement due to
vibration, the casing 10 may be secured to the aircraft frame
structure in such a manner that the longitudinal aeds of the red is
parallel to the longitudinal 70 axis of the engine and that the free
end of the rod 17 abuts a vertical surface S on or attached to the
engine for that purpose The dimnensions of such a surface will depend
upon the maximum allowable torque re 75 action of the particular
engine involved For example, if the maximum torque reaction of an
engine is 4 cockwise and 1 counterclockwise, this vertical surface is
so dimensioned that movement in excess of maxi 80 mum toraue reaction
will move the surface out of abutment with the end of the rod 17.
The position of the section 31 of reduced daineter of the e 1 ement 19
with respect to 85 the roller 24 is adhusted by manually urging the
rod 17 in a direction against the action of the spring 20 until the
pin 39 in the element 19 is moved out of the slots 40.
The element 19 is then rotated by the action 90 of a suitable tool in
tei slot 36 until, upon release of the rod 17, tle pin 39 moves back
into the slots 40 and the groove 37 lines up with the end of the
sleeve portion 13.
Aligning the groove and the sleeve portion 95 automatically locates
the center of the section 31 in abutting relation with the roller 24,
thus perminting adjustment without the necessity of opening the
casing.
After the mechanism has been properly 100 adjusted, the pin 30 bearing
against the flat zone 29 and the pin 39 extending into the slots 40
prevent rotation of the rod 17 and the element 19, respectively, so
that the mechanism cannot get out of adjustment as 105 a result of
vibration, for example, and also prevent excessive longitudinal
movement of the rod and the element.

The dimensions of the section 31 of reduced diameter including the cam
faces 32 110 and 34 will be determined by the allowable maximum
longitudinal vibration excursion of the particular engine involved For
example, one quarter of an inch may be the maximum longitudinal
vibration excursion 115 allowed for the aforementioned engine,
wherefore, when used in connection with that engine, the section 31 is
dimensioned to effect actuation of the switch upon longitudinal
movement of the engine through a 120 distance greater than one eighth
of an inch from its normal position.
In operation, normal vibration or torque reaction of the engine will
not cause or permit sufficient movement of the rod 17 to 125 allow
either of the cam faces 32 or 34 to abut the roller 24 to depress the
arm 22 and effect actuation of the switch through the plunger 21
Howvever, in the event of excessive movement of the engine with res
130 ment out of its normal position in either of its lengthwise
directions, a spring for urging said rod towards the structure or
mechanism, actuating means, and means on said rod means for effecting
operation of said 45 actuating means upon movement of the structure or
mechanism beyond said predetermined limits.
2 A device according to claim 1, including a frame having a pair of
spaced bearings 50 for slidably supporting said rod means and wherein
said means for effecting operation of said actuating means are between
said bearings and said actuating means is mounted on said frame
between said bearings 55 3 A device according to claims 1 or 2,
wherein said rod means includes two threadedly connected elements for
adjusting the effective length thereof to cause said end surface to
normally abut the structure 60 4 A device according to any of the
preceding claims, wherein stop means are provided for limiting the
movement of said rod means under the influence of said spring.
A device according to any of the pre 65 ceding claims, wherein said
actuating means is a switch having an arm and the means on said rod
means for effecting operation of said actuating means include a pair
of spaced surfaces for engaging said arm which 70 normally maintains
the switch in an inacttive position.
6 A device as described in connection with the annexed drawing.
MARKS & CLERK pect to the aircraft frame, due to collision or crash,
for example, the rod 17 will be moved in one of its longitudinal
directions, either by the engine or the spring depending upon the
direction of movement of the engine, until one of the cam faces 32 or
34 abuts and depresses the roller 24 sufficiently to effect actuation
of the switch 11.
In order to seal the apparatus against moisture and dust, a cap 41,
formed to permit movement of the element 19, may be screw threaded to
the bearing sleeve 18 and conventional 0-rings may be disposed between

the bearing sleeeve and the cap and between the bearing 15 and the rod
17.
Likewise, the outer end of the rod 17 and the spring may be enclosed
by a flexible housing 42 to prevent corrosion or contamination of the
spring.
From the foregoing description, it will be seen that the present
invention provides a switch mechanism adapted to control an electrical
circuit for the actuation of means for suppressing explosions in the
fuel tanks for example, in the event that an engine, for example is
caused to move with respect to its frame in excess of the movement due
to normal vibration and torque, which mechanism is reliable and
efficient in operation, is easily installed, cannot get out of
adjustment is light in weight, requires little maintenance, is free
from damage due to moisture or dust and has a long life.
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* GB785803 (A)
Description: GB785803 (A) ? 1957-11-06
Arrangement for regulating the flow of after-burning fuel in jet propulsion
engines having a two stage combustion system
785,803 Date of Application and Filing Complete Specification:
June 30, 1955.
No 18954/55.
Application made in France on July 13, 1954.
Complete Specification Published: November 6, 1957.
Index at 2 ncebtance:-Class 110 ( 3), G 1 O El(A 1: A 2: A 3 B 3: B

4), G 1 OE 2 (A: K), J( 1 F 1: 2 A 1 C 3) International
Classification: F 02 c, k.
The inventors of this invention in the sense of being the actual
devisers thereof within the meaning of Section 16 of the Patents Act,
1949, are Rene Constant a French citizen, and Albert Stieglitz a
German citizen, both of 11 Avenue Marechal Foch, Dammarie-les-Lys,
Seine-et-Marne, France.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Arrangement for Regulating the Flow of After-burning Fuel in Jet
Propulsion Engines having a Two Stage Combustion System.
We, SOCIETE NATIONALE D'ETUDE ET DE CONSTRUCTION DE MOTEURS D'Av
IATION, a French Body Corporate of 150 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris,
France, do hereby dedare the invention, for which we pray that a
patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement: -
It is known that jet propulsion engines and more especially turbo-jet
units can supply additional thrust if a supplementary burning or
after-burning is effected within the hot motive gases still rich in
oxygen.
For this purpose, fuel injectors are disposed in the path of the
exhaust gases, these injectors being fed only at the instant when it
is desired to boost the thrust, for example when the aircraft takes
off In the following, the fuel intended for the after-burning will be
called "supplementary fuel" in order to distinguish it from the "main
fuel" supplied to the combustion chambers of the engine (upstream of
the turbine in the case of a turbo-jet unit).
It is also known that the main fuel flow is generally regulated as a
function of parameters such as the speed of rotation of the engine and
the temperature or pressure of the ambient air These parameters are
detected in any appropriate manner by means of suitable devices, for
example a centrifugal governor, manometric capsules associated with
pressure taps, and the like, such devices being so arranged as to
react on the main fuel flow.
The present invention has for its object to regulate the flow of
supplementary fuel simultaneously with that of the main fuel, in order
to take advantage of the fact that the latter is itself regulated in
accordance with a predetermined law as a function of the aforesaid
parameters, in order to subject the supplementary fuel flow to the
same law In other words, fo F&paicxar state (Price 3 s6 d) P of
operation of the jet propulsion unit characterised by a flow of fuel
supplied to the main combustion chamber, a corresponding fuel flow is
admitted into the after-burning chamber Thus, for example, it is known
50 that it is necessary in climbing to reduce the main fuel flow owing

to the reduction of the air pressure According to the invention, this
reduction applies both to the main fuel flow and to the supplementary
fuel flow, so 55 that the two flows always remain substantially in the
same ratio It will be understood that this ratio may be varied for
partial after-burning conditions.
In accordance with the present invention, 60 the jet propulsion unit
is provided with an automatic control device for adjusting the flow of
fuel to said main combustion chamber, said engine being characterised
in that it comprises a regulator under the control 65 of said device
for supplying to said afterburning combustion chamber, a flow of fuel
bearing a substantially constant' ratio to the former-mentioned flow.
More particularly, in the case where the 70 main control device has a
movable valve member, it is proposed in accordance with the present
invention to provide a second movable valve member for the regulation
of the after-combustion, coupled with the for 75 mer valve member.
The description which follows with reference to the accompanying
drawings, which are given by way of non-limitative example, will
enable the manner in which the inven 80 tion can be carried into
effect to be readily understood.
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic section showing a constructional form of
the arrangement according to the invention 85 Figure 2 is a similar
section through a modified form.
Figure 3 shows another modified form.
There is shown diagrammatically in Figure 1 a turbo-jet unit 1, the
combustion 90 785,803 chambers 2 of which are fed by means of burners
3 with fuel supplied by a gear pump 4 driven by the shaft 5 of the
turbo-jet unit.
In the pipe connecting the pump 4 to the inlet manifold 6 of the
burners 3 is disposed a flow regulator 7 of the known type.
This regulator 7 comprises a supply-regulating device 8 provided with
a slide valve 9 A second slide valve 10 comprises a device 11 for
by-passing the pump 4, and thus regulates the quantity of fuel
supplied to the supply-regulating device 8 The said slide valve 10
subjected to the action of a return spring 12 is connected to a
diaphragm 13 on the opposite faces of which are exerted the pressures
upstream and downstream of the slide valve 9.
In a flow regulator of the type hereinbefore described, the fuel flow
supplied to the manifold 6 is a substantially linear function of the
position of the regulating device 9.
Many other flow regulators having such a characteristic are known, and
it is obvious that the present invention is in no way limited to the
regulator described by way of example.
The slide valve 9 is subjected to the action of a lever 14, controlled
on the one hand by a centrifugal governor 15 measuring the speed of

rotation of the shaft 5 and on the other hand by a thermometric gauge
16 measuring the difference between the pressure upstream and
downstream of the compressor 17 of the turbo-jet unit, upstream and
downstream pressure ducts 18-19 being provided for this purpose As
these pressures depend on the temperature of ambient air, the gauge 16
eventually supplies an indication of temperature of said ambient air.
The centrifugal governor 15 maintains the rate of operation of the
turbo-jet unit regardless of the ambient conditions, by reducing or
increasing the quantity of fuel injected, by variation of the position
of the regulating device 9 The tension of the spring 20 for the
adjustment of the centrifugal governor 15 may be varied by means of a
movable abutment 21 displaced by the throttle lever 22, through
appropriate transmission 23 Thus, the speed of rotation of the
turbo-jet unit is regulated from the said throttle lever 22.
The operation of the arrangement just described is well known and will
not be explained in detail For a good understanding of the invention,
it is sufficient to know that the position of the supply-regulating
device is a linear function of the main fuel flow and that this
position also depends upon the speed of rotation and upon other
parameters such as the temperature or the pressure of the ambient air,
which are closely related to each other.
Disposed in the exhaust duct of the turbojet unit is an injection set
of fuel nozzles 24 associated with flame stabilisers 25, the said set
being fed with supplementary fuel supplied by a pump 26, through a
flow regulator 27 similar to the regulator previously described and
comprising notably a supply 70 regulating device 28, the slide valve
29 of which is positively connected to the slide valve 9 by a rod 30
As in the preceding case, the position of the said slide valve 29 is a
linear function of the fuel flow, this 75 characteristic being
obtained by maintaining a constant difference between the pressure
upstream and downstream of the regulating device 28 For this purpose,
a diaphragm 31 subjected to this differential pressure is 80 coupled
to a slide valve 32 which regulates the quantity of fuel passing
through the regulating device in such manner that the pressure
difference in front of and behind the regulating device remains
constant However 85 this pressure difference may be modified by
varying the bias of a spring 33 through a linkage 34 appropriately
coupled to the throttle lever 22.
In this arrangement, the delivery of the 90 pump 26 may be adjusted
solely by throttling on its delivery side, but a by-pass adjustment
may be employed as illustrated at 11 in Figure 1.
A cock 35 provided on the suction side 95 of the pump 26 may be
operated by the lever 22 through the linkage 36, at the same time as a
cock 37 provided on the delivery side of the pump 4.

The temperature gauge 16 may further 100 act on other engine control
factors, for example by actuating a device 38 controlling the flaps 39
for the adjustment of the outlet cross-section of the nozzle of the
turbo-jet unit Thus, in the example just described, 105 the slide
valve 29 of the after-combustion regulating device 28 moves
simultaneously with the slide valve 9 of the main-combustion
regulating device 8, under the action of the various parameters
concerned in this 110 case the speed of rotation of the driving unit
and of the temperature of the ambient air.
Since the position of this slide valve is a linear function of the
fuel flow, the ratio of the after-combustion and of the main-com 115
bustion flow will always be substantially constant.
Figure 2 shows a modified construction in which the slide valve 9 of
the supplyregulating device 8 is subjected to the com 120 bined action
of a pressure detector 40 consisting of aneroid capsules and of a
temperature detector 41 comprising bimetallic strips The detectors
40-41 are mounted in a chamber 42 connected through ducts 43 125 44 to
a temperature and pressure probe or tap 45 disposed at the inlet to
the compressor 17 of the turbo-jet unit Thus, the position of the
slide valve 9 is adjusted as a function of the ambient conditions,
which 130 785,803 in turn are a function of the altitude and
temperature In addition, the supply regulating device 8 supplies a
flow which is influenced by the diaphragm 13 connected to the slide
valve 10 controlling the by-pass 11, the said slide valve 10 being
subjected to the action of the return spring 12 which, in the present
case, can be given a bias variable by means of a linkage 46 operated
by the throttle lever 22.
In the preceding case, the slide valve 9 of the main-flow regulating
device is positively connected by a rod 30 to the slide valve 29 of
the after-combustion flow-regulating device 28.
In the example of Figure 2, the slide valve 32 of the flow regulator
27 is subjected to the action of a spring 33, the bias of which cannot
be varied In another modification, a variable bias may be imparted to
the spring 33.
In the constructional form illustrated in Figure 3, the
after-combustion regulator is incorporated in the main regulator and
in this case a common supply-regulating device is employed for the
main fuel and for the after-combustion fuel The total rate of flow is
supplied by the pump 4 The two flows are adjusted to a constant ratio
by the needle-valve device 48 The spring 49 of the by-pass regulator
50 is coupled to a control linkage in such manner that the injection
pressure for the system is substantially constant whether the
after-combustion is operating or not The spring 49 will be expanded
for operation without after-combustion Consequently, the by-pass

allows a larger return flow to pass.
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