4711 4715.output

* GB785118 (A)
Description: GB785118 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Improvements in or relating to electric spotlights
Description of GB785118 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION 785,118
Inventors:-SYDNEY HUBBOLD and MARTIN WESTLEYPEIRCE.
Date of filing Complete Specification: Sept 1, 1956.
Application Date: Sept 14,1954 No 26638154.
Complete Specification Publisaied: Oct 23, 1957.
Index at Acceptance:-Classes 38 ( 5), B 1 (D 2 X: V), B 2 C 5 A; 75 (
3), D 4 (A: B: D); ( 4), O l; and 97 ( 1), H.
International Classification:-1 F 2 b G 03 b H 102 c COMPLETE
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Electric Spotlights.
We, Ti E GENERAL ELECTRIC C Oi MPLY L Mu ITED, of Magnet I Iouse,
Kingsway, London, W C 2, a British Company, do hereby declare the
invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to electric spotlights, and the object of the
invention is to provide a form of spotlight which can be readily used
by a lecturer in a lecture theatre to indicate to an audience
particular points of lantern slides, large drawings, or the like,
being shown on a screen or wall.
According to the invention an electric spotlight has a casing
comprising a bulbous end portion containing a holder for an electric
lamp, and a barrel portion projecting from the end portion and
containing an optical system arranged on illumination by the lamp to
project an image suitable for indicating a point or region of a
screen, wall or the like (hereinafter referred to simply as a screen)
on to which the image may be projected in use of the spotlight, the
bulbous end portion being shaped and weighted so that the casing has a
determinate rest position when resting with the bulbous end portion on
a horizontal surface and so that when the casing is tilted from said

rest position for directing said image on to a screen, and is
subsequently released, the casing returns automatically to the said
determinate rest position.
In use of the spotlight, it is arranged that in the said rest position
of the casing the image is deflected off or to the side of the screen,
so that the image can be brought on to the screen by a suitable
tilting of the casing from the rest position and the image is
automatically directed off or to the side lPrice 3 s 6 d l of the
screen when the casing is released.
The relative orientations of the bulbous end portion and barrel
portion suitable for 45 effecting this can, of course, be different in
different cases but preferably it is arranged that in the rest
position the barrel portion of the spotlight projects substantially
vertically upwards so that the spotlight may be used 50 with different
sizes of screens arranged in a vertical plane.
The image itself may, for example, consist merely of a circular spot
of light, or it may be in the form of an arrow or cross or other 55
shape depending on the particular purpose for which the spotlight is
to be used The spotlight preferably includes an electric switch
connected in series with the terminals of the lamp-holder for enabling
the lamp to be 60 extinguished when the spotlight is not in use.
Preferably the switch is arranged to operate automatically so as to
break the circuit to the lamp-holder when the spotlight casing is in
the rest position, and to re-make 65 the circuit when the casing is
tilted from the rest position.
Thus the switch may be in the form of a push-button switch in which
the switch contacts are closed in the normal unoperated 70 position of
the button and are opened when the button is depressed, the switch
being so constructed and so attached to the bulbous end portion that
when the spotlight takes up said rest position on a horizontal surface
75 said surface depresses the button and opens the switch contacts In
some cases however other forms of switch, for example a mercury
switch, may be employed for automatically breaking the circuit to the
terminals of the 80 lamp-holder when 'the spotlight casing is in the
rest position.
Alternatively, instead of an automatically operated switch, a switch
which is arranged 785,118 to be operated manually may be provided for
switching the lamp on and off as required in use of the spotlight.
In the preferred form of spotlight embodying the invention the bulbous
end portion has an outer surface of substantially spherical form,
flattened on one side and having the barrel portion projecting
substantially perpendicular to said flattened region on the other
side, the bulbous portion being so weighted that in said rest position
the flattened region constitutes the base of the arrangement with the

barrel portion projecting substantially vertically upwards.
: l a The bulbous end portion may, for example, be cast in a suitable
metal and the weighting may then conveniently be effected by forming
the flattened side of the end portion with a thickened wall.
One particular spotlight construction in accordance with the preferred
form of the invention will now be described by way of example with
reference to the schematic drawing accompanying the Provisional
Specification which is a part-sectional view in a plane through the
axis of the spotlight.
The spotlight shown comprises a hollow metal body 1 which provides the
said bulbous end portion, and which has a part spherical outer surface
flattened on one side and provided with a circular opening 2, of
larger diameter than the flattened region 3, immediately opposite
thereto.
A circular plate 4 is attached to the body 1 over the opening 2, and
studs 5, which pass.
through holes near the circumference of the plate into tapped holes
formed in a flange 6 extending inwards from the edge of the opening,
hold the plate rigidly in place At the centre of the plate 4 there is
provided a circular aperture surrounded coaxially on the side of the
plate remote from the body 1 by a hollow cylindrical projection 7,
formed integrally with the plate, the inner surface of the projection
being threaded at each end.
A metal diaphragm extends across the bore of the projection 7 between
the two threaded portions, and is provided at the centre with an
arrow-shaped aperture 13 arranged to be illuminated in operation of
the spotlight by an electric light bulb 15 mounted within the hollow
spherical body 1.
Into the inner end of the cylindrical projection 7 there is screwed a
condensing lens system 9, a barrel portion 10 carrying the projection
lens 14 being screwed into the opposite end This barrel portion 10
comprises an outer cylinder 11 threaded at one end, which end is
screwed into the outer end of the projection 7, and an inner cylinder
12 free to slide axially within the outer cylinder for focusing the
image 23 of the arrow 13 on to a wall or screen and carrying the
projection lens 14 at its outer end.
The light bulb 15 is mounted in a suitable holder 16 with the filament
of the lamp behind the condensing lens system 9, the holder 16 being
mounted in turn on a metal bracket 17 secured to the inner surface of
the plate 4 Leads 18, 19 to the terminals of the lamnp 70 holder pass
through an aperture in the plate 4, the lead 18 being connected
directly to one of the terminals of the holder, and the lead 19 being
connected to the other terminal through a micro-gap switch 20 secured
to the 75 centre of the inner face of the closed end of the body 1 of

the spotlight The switch is operated by a push-button 21 which extends
through a hole 22 in the closed end of the body 1, the switch contacts
being closed in;i O the normal unoperated position of the push-button,
and opened when the button is pushed inwards against the bias of a
spring, the spring being arranged to return the button to the normal
"on" position 85 when pressure on the button is released.
The wall of the body 1 is thicker at the closed end, the weight of the
thickened end wall being such that when the body is resting on a
substantially horizontal surface 90 the spotlight normally finds a
position of rest with the barrel portion 10 extending vertically
upwards and the flattened end of the body 1 acting as a base In this
position the push-button 21 is pressed in by said 95 horizontal
surface thus holding the switch contacts open, the switch thereby
interrupting the supply of current to the lamp in operation of the
spotlight However when the spotlight is moved from its position of loo
rest, for example to project an image on a screen, the rotation of
body 1, as the barrel portion is tilted towards the screen, raises the
closed end of the body from the horizontal surface, the push-button
returns to the " on " 105 position, causing the lamp to light, and
thereby illuminating the arrow 13 and projecting an image of it in the
desired direction When the spotlight is released it returns to its
rest position with the barrel 110 vertical and the lamp switched off.
It will be seen that in operation of the spotlight the image of the
arrow may be directed easily on to any part of a vertical screen,
whilst the body 1 of the spotlight 115 remains resting on the
horizontal surface, merely by rocking or turning the body on its
spherical surface, and the image may be held steady on any desired
part of the screen for quite long periods of time without undue 12)
effort Also any desired inclination of the image of the arrow on the
screen can readily be obtained by suitably rolling the spherical
surface of the body of the spotlight on the horizontal surface:
It will be appreciated that, for automatically breaking the lamp
circuit when the spotlight is in the rest position, other types of
switch, for example a mercury switch may be employed in place of 130 4
An electric spotlight according to
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* 5.8.23.4; 93p

* GB785119 (A)
Description: GB785119 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Pressure sensitive adhesives
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
/'1:
7 9;> Z r -_, _c,,, i Ly A PATENT Inventor: LEVAN LLEWELLYN Date of
filing Complete Specification Sept 5, 1955.
Application Date Sept 23, 1954.
-Complete Specification Published Oct 23, 1957.
Index at Acceptance:-Class 2 ( 6), P 4 (A: C 14 A), P 4 D 3 B( 1: 3),
P 4 K 4.
International Classification: -C 08 f COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Pressure Sensitive Adhesives We, THE DISTILLERS COMPANY LIMITED, a
British Company, of 12, Torphichen Street, Edinburgh 3, Scotland, do
hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be
granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement: -
The present invention relates to pressure sensitive adhesives and to
their aqeuous dispersions It particularly relates to adhesives which
are pressure sensitive at normal ambient temperatures, There is at
present a wide market for permanently tacky and pressure sensitive
adhesives and hitherto such adhesives have been prepared by adding
plasticisers, solvents and tackifiers to resinous materials such as
polybutadiene and butadiene-styrene synthetic rubbers of the G R S
type While it has been possible to produce acceptable pressure
sensitive adhesive compositions by the addition of plasticisers and
the like to -such resins, these adhesives suffer from the serious

disadvantage that they tend to deteriorate on storing due to the loss
of plasticiser and their other more volatile components.
An object of the present invention is to provide pressure sensitive
adhesive compositions which are homogeneous and from which pressure
sensitive films can be made without the addition of any plasticisers,
solvents of other components which may be lost from the final
compositions on storing It has now been found that certain polymers
and-copolymers of certain vinyl esters of aliphatic acids give films
which are pressure sensitive and tacky at normal ambient temperatures
These polymers and copolymers consist of polymer chains which may be
regarded as having the following type of structural
formulae:-CH,2-CH-CH 2-CH-CH,-CH-CH 2 O.COR 1 O COR 2 -0 COR 3 where
R,, R 2 and R, etc represent alkyl groups which may be the same or
different R 1 COOH, R 2 COOH, RCOOHetc are the aliphatic acids from
which the vinyl esters-are derived.
If such a polymer or copolymer consists of M, molecular units derived
from the ester having the formula CH,=CH O COR 1 and of M 2 molecular
units derived from the ester CH 2 =CHO COR 2 etc and the alkyl groups
R 1 and R 2 etc contain nr and N 2 carbon atoms respectively, then it
will give pressure sensitive and tacky films if the sum of the
products of the molcular units multiplied by the number of carbon
atoms inthe alkyl group of that unit, i.e 2 Mn, divided by the total
number of molecular units in -the polymer is equal to or greater than
2 This may be expressed in the equation M Mn:
for polymers or copolymers with suitable adhesive properties These
will hereinafter be referred to as vinyl ester polymers.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a: process for the
production of homogeneous, substantially permanently adhesive films
which comprises forming the-films from an aqeuous dispersion of a
vinyl ester polymer having a o Mn value for the expression, as hereinM
before defined, which is equal to or greater than 2 and wherein the
vinyl ester is derived from an aliphatic carboxylic acid containing
from 2 to 16 carbon atoms.
The films of the present inventidn may be 7.
formed on suitable surfaces by any of the techniques well known in the
art such as brushing or spraying the aqueous dispersion of the vinyl
ester polymer on the surface and allowing the water to evaporate
therefrom The 84 vinyl ester polymers and copolymers according to the
present invention have high adhesive properties at normal room
temperatures and therefore may be used to form useful adhesive
coatings on most surfaces including, for 8 SPECIFICATION
785,119 No 27569/54.
instance, paper, cloth, synthetic sheeting, glass mechanical strengths
are reduced By choosing 60 and metal surfaces different vinyl esters

or altering the relative The polymer dispersions are prepared by
amounts of the different esters employed, the polymerising in aqueous
emulsion a resultant film can be made to have any required suitable
vinyl ester or mixture of such degree of tackiness and mechanical
strength.
esters Most siutably the aqueous dispersions For instance, pure
polyvinyl propionate gives 65 used in the process of the present
invention hard films which produce very strong bonds have a solids
content within the range 65 when used on paper surfaces while a
copolymer % and dispersions of approximately 50 % derived from equal
proportions by weight of solids are particularly valuable It is often
con vinyl acetate and vinyl laurate gives a resultant venient to
prepare polymer dispersions by film which is permanently tacky while
still 70 polymerising an aqueous suspension contain having excellent
adhesive properties Such a ing a relatively high proportion of
suitable vinyl acetate vinyl laurate copolymer is admirvinyl esters
and then diluting the resultant dis ably suited for the production of
adhesive tapes persion with water before using it for the pre for
packaging purposes.
paration of adhesive coatings -The process of the present invention
gives 75 The aqueous emulsion polymerisation of the rise to clear,
colourless films and has the appropriate vinyl esters is brought about
by' advafitage that-no inflammable or expensive any of the emulsion
polymerisation processes solvents or other added components are well
known in the art Most suitably the vinyl necessary.
ester monomers are dispersed or emulsified The following examples
illustrate the pro 80 throughout an aqueous phase containing as
duction of polyvinyl ester dispersions and the dispersing agent a high
molecular weight production therefrom of pressur sensitive films.
hydrophilic colloid such as methyl cellulose, The parts, unless
otherwise stated, are by benzyl cellulose, -various natural gums and
weight.
other natural materials anda polyvinyl alcohols, for instance, such as
are obtained by the partial EXAMPLE 1 85 hydrolysis of polyvinyl
acetate In conjunction A polymer dispersion depositing a pressure with
such dispersing agents it is often desirable sensitive adhesive film
may be produced as to employ anionic surface-active agents such
follows: as the sulphates and sulphonates of various:
organic radicals '"Aeros 6 ol OT "which is the 65 parts water sodium
salt of thesulphoiic acid of dioctyl 2 _ 4 parts polyvinyl alcohol 90
succinic ester, is a typical example "Aerosol" 0,9 parts fatty
alcohol-ethylene is a Registered Trade Mark The usual poly oxide
condensate merisation catalysts, such as the persulphates O A 5 parts
sodium salt of a suland peroxides, are employed phated oil (Calsolene

Oil The vinyl ester or esters to be polymerised H S "Calsolene" is a
95 are chosen from the vinyl esters of those ali Registered Trade
Mark) phatic acids haying from 2 to 16 carbon atoms i 0 6 parts sodium
hexametain the molecule If vinyl acetate is employed phosphate it has
to be mixed with a sufficient quantity O 16 parts ammonium persulphate
of at least one vinyl ester of a carboxylic acid 65 parts vinyl
propionate 100 having at least 4 carbon atoms in its molecule so that
the resultant copolymer shall have a The aqueous solution A is first
prepared by votarih esk Nou&shl have a Mn heating the various
components to 90 CThe value for the expression which is equal
polymerisation is then carried out by the conM current addition of the
catalyst and the vinyl to or greater than 2 A homogeneous polymer
propionate, while retaining the reaction mix 105 of vinyl propionate
has a value for the expres ture at 90 C until p Plvmerisation is comof
-inyl ppintealufrhepleted The polymer dispesion is then cooled X sion
of 2 and it is found that it gives and neutralised The polymer has a
value for XM:: Mn films which are adhesive and pressure sensitive the
expression of 2.
The properties of the films formed accord 2 M ing to the present
invention vary according to When the product is applied to paper and
110 Y Mn the film allowed to dry, a coating is deposited the value
of-the expression Polymers which is only very slightly tacky, but
which -;M gives a strong adherent bond when two such or copolymers
with values near 2 give pressure surfaces are pressed together at room
temperasensitive adhesive films which are not very ture 115 tacky but
which form bonds having great Examples 2 and 3 show the versality of
mechanical strength; As the value of the adhesive films produced from
vinyl esters expression is increased the resultant films are when
copolymerised in varying proportions.
softer, more flexible and more tacky, but their 785,119 785,119
EXAMPLE 2.
parts water parts polyvinyl alcohol A 2 parts fatty alcohol ethylene
oxide condensate 2 parts sodium alkyl benzene > sulphonate 1.2 parts
ammonium persulphate 126 parts vinyl acetate 54 parts vinyl laurate
The polymerisation process used in this example is similar to that
used in Example 1; the monomer mixture and catalyst again being added
concurrently to the aqueous solution A whilst maintaining the
temperature at 900 C, until the copolymerisation is substantially
complete The resultant copolymer has a value :Z Mn for the expression
of 2 4.
EM The copolymer dispersion deposits a clear continuous film of
similar characteristics to that produced in Example 1.
EXAMPLE 3.
This example is indentical to Example 2, except that the vinyl acetate

and vinyl laurate are used in equal quantities by weight This
copolymer dispersion deposits a film, on drying, which is permanently
tacky and exhibits excellent adhesion to the skin, glass and metals in
addition to paper and fibrous materials In this case the copolymer has
a value for the Y Mn expression of 3 75.
EXAMPLE 4.
A copolymer dispersion is prepared in the following manner from vinyl
acetate and vinyl butyrate.
42 parts water 1.1 parts polyvinyl alcohol A 0 45 parts fatty alcohol
ethylene oxide condensate 0 45 parts sodium alkyl benzene sulphonate
0.37 parts ammonium persulphate B 18 parts vinyl acetate 27 parts
vinyl butyrate C Ammonium hydroxide solusolution The charge A is
dissolved by heating to 900 C and then the mixture of monomers and
catalyst are added concurrently over a period of three hours whilst
maintaining the temperature at 90 C Heating is continued until the
copolymerisation is substantially completed.
The resultant copolymer had a value for the X Mn expression of 2 06.
EM The copolymer dispersion deposited a 55 clear, continuous and tacky
film When tested at a room temperature of 75-80 F a dried film of the
copolymer deposited on paper was pressure sensitive and it was
possible to produce good adhesive bonds between the surfaces 60 of the
coated paper simply by the application of pressure by hand.
Repetition of the process of Example 4 using only 22 parts of vinyl
butyrate gives rise to a copolymer which has a value for the
expression 65 Y Mn of 1 96 This copolymer gives rise to similar films
on coated paper to those described above but they are not pressure
sensitive and it is not possible to form good adhesive bonds between
the coated paper surfaces at 70 room temperature by the application of
pressure by hand.
Similarly a copolymer prepared by the process of Example 4 in which 36
parts of vinyl acetate and 9 parts of vinyl myristate are 75 employed,
gives rise to films which are not pressure sensitive In this case, the
value for Mn is 1 94.
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* GB785120 (A)

Description: GB785120 (A) ? 1957-10-23
New monoazo dyestuffs derived from cyanuric chloride
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Inventor: WILLIAM ELLIOTT STEPHEN Date of filing Complete
Specification: Nov 9, 1955.
I 5,Application Date: Nov 29, 1954, Nc : E DComplete Specificatlon
Published: Oct 23, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 2 ( 4), G, P( 1 A 3: 1 F 4: 9 A 3 A 4).
International Classification:-C 09 b.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
785,120 ? 34498/54.
New Monoazo Dyestuffs Derived from Cyanuric Chloride We, IMPERIAL
CHEIMICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED, of Imperial Chemical House, Millbank,
London, S W 1, a British Company, do hereby declare the invention, for
which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by
which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by
the following statement:-
This invention relates to new monoazo dyestuffs and more particularly
it relates to new monoazo dyestuffs which are valuable for the
production of fast orange colourations on cellulosic materials.
In United Kingdom Specification No.
209,723 there is described the manufacture of azo dyestuffs by
synthesising dyestuffs containing one or more cyanuric nuclei, ( 1) by
uniting together or with other suitable components by reactions which
lead to the formation of azo dyestuffs, intermediate products
containing one or more lcyanuric nuclei, or ( 2) by uniting azo
dyestuffs containing appropriate groupings, either to each other or to

other complexes, radicals or suitable residues by reaction with the
halogen of cyanuric halides.
In the said specification there are disclosed monoazo dyestuffs,
wherein there are attached to the triazine ring two chlorine atoms and
which rare obtained by reaction of one molecular proportion of an
'aminonaphthol sulphonic acid with one molecular proportion of
cyanuric chloride and subsequently treating the product with a diazo
compound obtained by diazotising for example aniline, p-toluidine,
p-aminoacetanilide or m-xylidine There are also disclosed monoiazo
dyestuffs, wherein there are attached to the triazine ring one
chlorine atom and one anilino group, and which are obtained by
reaction of one molecular proportion of an aminonaphthol sulphonic
acid and one molecular proportion of aniline with one molecular
proportion of cyanuric chloride and subsequently treating the product
with a diazo compound obtained for example by diazotising aniline or a
substitution product of aniline having a negative substituent, for
example C 1, CO> Ror SOH, or m-xylidine or a monosulphonated
naphthylamine.
There is no compound disclosed in the said specification, however,
which contains attached 50 to the triazine ring, in addition to two
atoms of chlorine, the residue of an aminonaphthol sulphonic acid
coupling component to which is attached the residue of a diazo
component of the benzene series which contains suiphonic 55 acid
groups.
We have found that certain monoazo dyestuffs of the kind containing
two chlorine atoms attached to the triazine ring and also an
aminonaphthol sulphonic acid radical containing an 60
ortho-sulphophenylazo substituent, which dyestuffs in their free acid
form are represented by.the formula given below have superior
tinctorial value and superior fastness to wet treatments, as compared
with monoazo dyestuffs of 65 comparable shade specifically described
in United Kingdom Specification No 209,723 containing only 1 chlorine
atom attached to the triazine ring and superior fastness to light as
compared with monoazo dyestuffs of com 70 parable shade specifically
described in United Kingdom Specification No 209,723 which contain two
chlorine atoms attached to the triazine ring but which do not contain
the ortha-sulphophenylazo substituent, when the dyestuffs are 75
applied to cellulosic textile materials by a process which comprises
impregnating the said textile materials with the dyestuff in aqueous
solution and subsequently subjecting the textile mateial to the action
of an acid-binding 80 agent in aqueous medium for a short time, of the
order of only a few minutes, advantageously in the presence of an
electrolyte such as sodium chloride or sodium sulphate.
According to our invention we provide new 85 monoazo dyestuffs which

in the form of their free acids are of the formula:SO 3 H O HO 3 S m R
S FC / 17 iii,,aid e wherein the benzene nucleus A optionally bears
further substituents other than hydroxyl and amino groups, X stands
for a hydrogen atom or a substituent other than halogen, and R stands
S for a hydrogen atom or for an alkyl radical.
According to our invention we also proyide a process for the
manufacture of the said new monoazo dyestuffs which comprises
diazotising a primary aromatic amine of the formula: s H t NE Hz tit,,
wherein X has the meaning stated above and the benzene nucleus may
optionally bear-further substituents other than hydroxy and amino
groups, and coupling the diazo compound thus formed with a coupling
component of the formula: =.
O H y N % c A 03-'l,= _ % 4 -0 Cl wherein -R has the meaning stated
above According to a further feature of our invention we provide an
alternative process for the manufacture of th Je said new monoazo
dyestuffs which comprises-rea Cting a monoazo compound which, in the
formiof its free acid, is of the formula 503 O N wherein X anda R have
the meafings stated above and the benzene nucleus A miay optiofially
bear further substituents other thafi hydroxyl and amino groups, with
oine molecular proportion of cyanuric ch 16 ride As prifiary aromatic
airlines' which may be used in the process of -our inventi 6 N
thereixmay be mentioned aniline-2-sulplioiitd cid, aniline 2:
5-disulphonic acid, 2 -4 dimethylaniline-6silphonic acid,
3-aniinobeizotfifluioridd-4 sulph 6 ic ac'id,
4-chloro-5-methylaniline-2-sul'phonic acid, 5-chloiof
4-methylanilin&-2-sulphonic acid, 3-acetylaminoaniline-6-sulphonic
acid, 4-acetylaminoaniline-2-iulphonic acid,
4chloroaniline-2-sulphonic acid,; 3: 4-dichloroaniline-6-sulphonic
acid, 4-methylaniline-2sulphonic acid, 3-methylanilinez 6-sulphonic
acid, 2:4-dimethoxyaniline-6-sulp'honic acid,
4methoxyaniline-2-sulphonic acid and 5methoxyaniline-2-sulphonic acid.
As coupling components for use in the azo coupling process of our
invention there may be used for example the primary condensation
products obtained by reaction of 2-amino-5naphthol-7-sulphonic acid,
or derivatives of 2 50 amino-5-naphthol-7-sulphonic acid containing an
alkyl radical as a substituent in the amino group, with one molecular
proportion of cyanuric chloride in aqueous medium.
The monoazo compounds used as starting 55 materials for reaction with
cyanuric chloride by the alternative process of our invention may be
obtained by diazotising a primary aromatic amine, as defined above,
and coupling the diazo compound thus obtained in alkaline 60 medium
with a coupling component of the formula:Oil CHR HO 35 wherein R has
the meaning stated above, or alternatively, when the said diazo
compound 65 does not contain an acylamino group, by coupling the said

diazo compound in alkaline medium with the N-acyl derivative of such a
coupling component and subsequently removing the acyl group by
hydrolysis with for ex 70 ample caustic soda In the process of our
invention, the diazotising of the amino compound and the coupling of
the diazo compound thus produced with the coupling compohent is
preferably carried out 75 at a temperature' below 5 C, conveniently at
0-5 C -In the process of our invention wherein there is used a
coupling component containing the cyanuric nucleus it is advantageous
to use for the coupling reaction the 80 said coupling component
prepared in situe at temperatures of O 5 C by methods known from the
literature and to carry out the couplings at similar temperatures and
at as low a p H as is possible for efficient coupling, in order 85
that side reactions, for example hydrolysis of the chlorine atoms
remaining attached to the triazine ring, are minimised.
Similarly, in order to avoid such side-reactions during manufacture
and storage it is 90 generally preferable to isolate the new dyestuffs
from the media in which they have been formed at a p H from 6 4 to 7 8
and to dry the resultant dyestuff pastes -at relatively low
temperatures, for example between 20 and 40 C, prefer 95 ably in
thepresence of buffering agents suitable for maintaining a p H value
of about 6 5 Examples of such-buffering agents are mixtures of
disodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate or of
disodium hydrogen 100 phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate In
the manufacture of -the new dyestuffs of the invention by the said
alternative process namely by reacting equimolecular proportions 105
of a monoazo compound of the formula stated and cyanuric chloride the
reaction is preferably carried out in aqueous medium at temperatures
785,120 mixture is stirred for 30 minutes, while the temperature is
maintained between O and 4 C., and the mixture is filtered, and the
solid on the filter is washed with 20 % brine and then with acetone
and dried at 20 to 45 C The product forms a red-brown solid which
dissolves in water to give an orange solution and in concentrated
sulphuric acid to give a bluish red solution between O and 5 C.
The new dyestuffs of this invention in the form of their alkali metal
salts are readily soluble in water and are especially suitable for the
production of level and fast orange colourations on cellulosic textile
materials by continuous dyeing techniques, for example by a process
which comprises impregnating the said textile materials with a
solution of the dyestuff -and thereafter subjecting the textile
materials, opionally after drying, to the action of an acidbinding
agent for example caustic soda, in aqueous medium which advantageously
contains an electrolyte such as sodium chloride or sodium sulphate,
for a short period of time, commonly of the order of only a few
minutes, at temperatures conveniently lying between atmospheric

temperature and the temperature of the boiling solution, and also by
printing methods, for example by a process which comprises applying to
the said textile materials a printing paste containing the dyestuff
and a substance which on heating or steaming liberates an acid-binding
agent, for example sodium bicarbonate, and subsequently subjecting
them to the action of heat or steam The colourations thus produced
possess a very good fastness to light and a high degree of fastness to
wet treatments, especially to repeated washing.
The invention is illustrated but not limited by the following Examples
in which the parts are by weight: EXAMPLE 1.
A solution of 18 5 parts of cyanuric chloride in 100 parts of acetone
is poured into a stirred mixture of 400 parts of water and 400 parts
of crushed ice, and 2 parts of 2 N hydrochloric acid are added To the
suspension of cyanuric chloride thus obtained there are added during
40 minutes, and at a temperature below 50 C, 26.1 parts of the sodium
salt of 2-amino-5naphthol-7-sulphonic acid as a solution in 480 parts
of water, made faintly alkaline to Brilliant Yellow by the addition of
sodium carbonate.
The mixture is stirred at a temperature below C for 1 hour and then 6
parts of 2 N sodium carbonate solution are added and stirring is
continued at the same temperature for another minutes A suspension of
the diazo compound from 16 45 parts of aniline-2-sulphonic acid,
obtained by diazotising the aniline-2-sulphonic acid in a mixture of
200 parts of water and 18 parts of hydrochloric acid (specific gravity
1 18) at a temperature between O and 2 C with 6 55 parts of sodium
nitrite, is then added to the mixture during 5 minutes at a
temperature between O and 4 C 40 parts of sodium acetate crystals are
added during 10 minutes and the mixture is stirred at 0 to 4 C for 90
minutes, after which time sufficient anhydrous sodium carbonate is
gradually added during a further 90 minutes to render the aqueous
medium slightly alkaline to litmus.
Sufficient sodium chloride to give a concentratihn of 200 grams per
litre is added and the EXAMPLE 2 75
An alternative method for the preparation of the dyestuff described in
Example 1 is as follows: 18.5 parts of cyanuric chloride are dissolved
in 100 parts of dry acetone and the solution is 80 added gradually
with stirring to a mixture of 300 parts of water and 400 parts of
crushed ice.
To the stirred suspension of cyanuric chloride so formed there is
added during 40 minutes a solution in 800 parts of water at 20 C of 46
7 85 parts of the disodiurnmsalt of the aminoazo com pound which is
formed by coupling diazotised 2-aminobenzene sulphonic acid with
N-acetyl 2-amino-5-naphthol-7-sulphonic acid in the presence of sodium
carbonate, purifying the 90 product to remove from it any dyestuff

formed by coupling on the 8-position of the N-acetyl
2amino-5-naphthol-7-sulphonic acid, and hydrolysing to remove the
acetyl group by heating it in an aqueous solution containing about 4 %
95 caustic soda at 80-85 C.
The temperature of the reaction mixture is maintained between O and 4
C and within a few minutes of completing the addition of aminoazo
compound none of it remains un 100 changed The acid solution formed is
made neutral to litmus by the addition of sodium carbonate solution
and there is also added to it a solution containing 7 parts of
anhydrous disodium hydrogen phosphate and 125 parts of 105 anhydrous
potassium dihydrogen phosphate in parts of water Sufficient salt to
give a concentration of 100 grams per litre is added, and the mixture
is stirred for a short time and is then filtered The solid is mixed
intimately 110 with 4 2 parts of anhydrous disodium hydrogen phosphate
and 7 5 parts of anhydrous potassium dihydrogen phosphate and dried at
20 C If the aminoazo compound used for conden 115 sation with cyanuric
chloride in this Example is replaced by an equivalent amount of one of
the aminoazo compounds named in the list below and prepared in each
case by coupling a diazo compound obtained from a derivative of 120
aniline-2-sulphonic adcid with an N-acyl-2amino-5-naphthol-7-sulphonic
adcid, for example N-acetyl-2-amino-5-naphthol-7-sulphonic acid or an
N-acyl-N-substituted 2amino-5-naphthol-7-sulphonic acid, for ex 125
ample N-acetyl-N-methyl-2-amino-5-naphthol7-sulphonic acid and
removing if necessary any product formed by coupling on the 8-position
of the 2-amino-5-naphthol-7-sulphonic acid residue and then
hydrolysing the purified 6 130 785,120 coupled product by heating with
caustic soda in aqueous solution, then the alternate dyestuffs formed
all have the capability of giving bright -colourations on cellulosic
materials for example cotton, when applied from aqueous solutions by
padding and after-treating the padded material, optionally after
drying with Aminoazo compound reacted with cyanuric
4-Toluidine-3-sulphonic acid diazotised and coupled with
2-amino-5-naphthol-7-sulphonic acid
5-chloro-4-methyl-2-aminobenzene-sulphonic acid diazotised and coupled
with 2-amino-5-naphthol7-sulphonic acid 4-chloroaniline-2-sulphoniic
acid diazotised and coupled with 2-amino-5-naphthol-7-sulphonic acid
Aniline-2:5-disulphonic acid diazotised and coupled with
2-amino-5-naphthol-7-sulphonic acid Aniline-2-sulphonic acid
diazotised and coupled With N-methyl-2-amino-5-naphthol-7-sulphonic
acid 4-chloro-5-methyl-2-aminobenzenesulphonic acid diazotised and
coupled with 2-amino-5-naphthol7-sulphonic acid
3-aminoanisole-4-sulphonic acid diazotised and coupled with
2-amino-5-naphthol-7-sulphonic acid 3-toluidine-4-sulphonic acid
diazotised and coupled with 2-amino-5-naphthol-7-sulphonic acid

Aniline-2-sulphonic acid diazotised and coupled with
2-n-butylamino-5-naphthol-7-sulphonic acid
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* GB785121 (A)
Description: GB785121 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Improvements in or relating to magnetic recording tapes
t P Auh Nt SP-1 Ci FICATPIO
Inventor: WILLIAM SOBY
Date of filing Complete Specification Nov 3, 1955.
Application Date Dec 3, 1954.
Complete Specification Published Oct 23, 1957.
Index at acceptance: -Class 40 ( 2), A 1 C 3.
International Classification: -CI O j.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
785,121 No 34996154.
Improvements in or relating to Magnetic Recording Tapes We, ELECTRIC &
MUSICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED, a British company, of Blyth Road, Hayes,
Middlesex, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a
patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to magnetic recording tapes of the kind
comprising a flexible base having an adherent laver of magnetisable
material applied to one side thereof in such a manner as to produce a
relatively smooth surface For example, a tape of this kind may
comprise a base of polyvinyl chloride about 002 " in thickness and

about 4 " in width, provided with an adherent layer comprising very
finely divided gamma-phase ferric oxide and a suitable binding medium,
said coating being about 0005 " in thickness.
2 (' A tape of the kind referred to, which may be many hundreds of
feet in length, is usually stored by winding it on a supply reel or
spool, and during a recording or reproducing operation, suitable
apparatus is employed to unwind the tape from the supply reel and to
wind it on to a take-up reel at a relatively slow speed such as 72 "
per second At the end of the recording or reproducing operation it is
generally necessary to rewind the tape back on to the supply reel and
in order to save time it is desirable for the re-winding operation to
take place at a high speed which may be ten or more times as fast as
the recording or reproducing speed.
Circumstances may also arise in which it is necessary to wind the tape
from the supply reel to the take-up reel at a similar high speed It is
found that when a tape of the kind referred to is reeled at high speed
there is a tendency for some of the wound turns to be forced out of
the general plane of the wound tape, and even if some of the wound
turns are not forced out completely, the-tape is liable to wind
unevenly Consequently, it has been necessary heretofore to limit the
speed of windingu in order to prevent the aforementioned undesirable
effects It is believed that when a tape of the kind referred to is
wound at too high a t Piice, 3 s 6 d l speed air is trapped between
the wound convolutions and as pressures in a radially inward direction
is built up by the succeeding con 50 volutionsi, a point is reached at
which the trapped air is forced to escape thereby causing displacement
of some of the wound turns in a direction substantially perpendicular
to the plane of the wound tape 55 The main object of the present
invention is to provide a magnetic recording tape which can be wound
satisfactorily especially at high speeds.
Accordingly the invention provides a mag 60 netic recording tape
comprising a flexible base having on the front surface thereof a
continuous smooth adherent layer of magnetisable material, and on the
rear surface thereof a raised pattern affording narrow passages which
65 extend to at least one of the edges of said tape, said passages
having a depth sufficient to allow the escape of air which in the
absence of said passages would tend to be trapped between the
convolutions of said tape when 70 wound.
In order that the invention may be clearly understood and readily
carried into effect several embodiments thereof will now be des cribed
with reference ito the accompanying 75 drawings in which:Figure 1 is
an enlarged view of the rear surface of a piece of magnetic recording
tape, provided with one form of raised pattern according to the
invention; 80 Figure 2 is a cross-section, not to scale, on the line

A-A of Figure 1; Figures 3, 4 and 5 are enlarged views similar to
Figure 1 showing pieces of tape pro vided with raised patterns of
different forms; 85 Figure 6 is an enlarged view similar to Figure 1
showing a piece of tape provided with another different form of raised
pattern, and Figure 7 is a cross-section, not to scale, on the line
B-B of Figure 6 90 The magnetic tapes illustrated comprise a flexible
base 1 for example of polyvinyl chloride, cellulose acetate, or a
polyester resin such as those known by the ( f 7 , ' ' , 1,, ", o_ J '
1 1 785,121 i Registered Trade Marks as -Mylar and Melinex, the base-1
having a thickness of about 002 " or less and a width of about 4-" The
front surface of the base 1-carries a smooth continuous adherent layer
2 of magnetisable material which may comprise very finely divided
particles of gamma-ferric oxide and a suitable binding medium The
layer 2 may have a thickness of about 0005 " or less and the exposed
surface thereof is preferably rendered as smooth as possible for
instance by means of a polishing or calendering operation In
accordance with the invention, the rear surface of the tape, which is
initially smooth, is provided with a raised pattern preferably by
means of a printing operation.
In the example illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 the raised pattern is in
the form of small separated squares 3 having sides about 1/20 " -in
length which are arranged obliquely with respect to the longitudinal
edges 4 and 5 of the tape and preferably at 45 thereto The squares 3
are arranged so as to leave two intersecting sets of narrow uncoated
channels 6 -and 7 which are preferably rectilinear and which cross
each other at right angles, the channels 6 and 7 providing escape
passages extending to both edges 4 and 5 of the tape.
The uncoated channels 6 and 7 are approximately 015 " in width.
The examiple illustrated in Figure 3 is simi:lar to that of Figure 1
except that the raised pattern is in the form of bars 8 arranged at
less than 90 and preferably at approximately 450 to the edges 4 and 5
of the tape, the bars 8 being spaced and parallel to each other so as
to leave narrow uncoated rectilinear channels 9 which provide the
aforementioned escape passages extending to both edges 4 and 5 of the
tape Alternatively as shown in Figure 4 the raised pattern may be in
the form of curved bars 10 leaving narrow uncoated curved channels 11
extending to both edges 4 and 5 of the -tape However it is not
essential for the escape passages to extend to both edges of the tape,
and in the example illustrated in Figure 5 the raised pattern is so
arranged as to leave narrow -uncoated channels 12 extending only to
the edge 4 of the tape and similar uncoated channels 13 extending only
to the other edge of the tape, the channels 12 and 13 being
-positioned alternately along:the tape In the case of escape passages
which do not extend -from edge to edge of the tapes it is desirable

-that they should extend at least from one edge to the longitudinal
centre line of the-tape.
T The raised pattern provided in accordance with the invention may
take numerous forms -other than those illustrated in the drawings.
Thus, the pattern may consist of diamonds, or rectangles or, in fact,
it may be arranged in -any manner consistent with the provision of
-the narrow escape passages extending to at least one edge of the
tape.
In the examples illustrated in Figures 1 to the escape passages are
formed by uncoated portions of the rear surface of the tape, but as
shown in Figures 6 and 7 the raised pattern may be formed by providing
the rear surface of the tape with a coating comprising an overall
layer and a further layer which extends over only selected portions of
the overall layer so as to leave escape passages formed by regions of
the coating which are thinner than the remainder thereof Thus as shown
in Figure 7 the initially smooth rear surface of base 1.
having a smooth adherent layer 2 of magnetisable material on the front
surface thereof, is provided with a coating which exhibits narrow
escape passages formed by narrow coated regions 14 of reduced
thickness which extend to at least one of the edges 4 and 5 of the
tape, and preferably extend from edge to edge of the tape as shown in
Figures 6 and 7.
The raised pattern may be printed on the rear surface of the tape with
an ink which may comprise a suitable resin or resins such as polyvinyl
chloride polymers, a proportion of plasticizers including a
non-migratory type, a proportion of pigments and an anti-blocking
agent, the whole being dispersed in a suitable solvent A preferred ink
which has been employed successfully as the printing medium was made
up in accordance with the following formula: % by weight A tripolymer
of vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate and interpolymerised maleic acid
such, for example, as that known by the Registered Trade Mark
"Vinylite " Resin VMCH manufactured by Bakelite Ltd U S A 9 22 A
tripolymer of vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate and vinyl alcohol, such,
for example, as that known by the Registered Trade Mark "Viny-lite"
Resin VAGH manufactured by Bakelite Ltd, U.S A 4 61 Dioctyl phthalate
1 38 A polymeric plasticizer such as that known by the Registered
Trade Mark "Reoplex" R 100 which is a polypropylene sebacate,
manufactured by Geigy Ltd, London, England 0 59 Carnauba wax 0 21 Fine
silica powder such as "Superfloss" manufactured by Johns Manville Ltd
London, England 2 79 Titanium dioxide 0 28 Black dye 0 37 Butyl
acetate 80 55 The raised pattern whether formed by a printing
operation or in any other suitable way, 785,121 preferably has a
thickness of the order of " to 0001 ", and care must be taken to
ensure that no appreciable curling of the tape is caused either during

or after the applicaS tion of the raised pattern In this respect it is
advantageous to make the pattern discontinuous as shown for example in
Figure 1.
The aforementioned escape passages have been described as being
narrow, and this definition is to be taken to mean that the width of
said escape passages is such that when the tape is wound on to a reel
or spool, very little if any distortion of the wound tape is produced
as a result of the presence of said escape pas-15 sages Thus in
general it is preferred that the area of the rear surface of the tape
occupied by the escape passages shall be small as compared with the
total area of said rear surface.
In the manufacture of magnetic recording tapes it is usual to commence
with a relatively wide base which is provided with an overall layer of
magnetisable material and then slit into a number of tapes of the
required width The provision of a raised pattern on the rear surface
of the tape according to the invention, can be effected before or
after the slitting operation; or before, after or simultaneously with
the coating of the front surface with magnetisable material.
It is found that a magnetic recording tape according to the invention
can be reeled at high speed without the deleterious effects thought to
be caused by air being trapped between the wound convolutions of the
tape, because the aforementioned escape passages provide means whereby
any air which tends to be trapped between the wound convolutions can
escape to the atmosphere Thus, considerable time can be saved since
reeling operations can tale place satisfactorily at higher speeds
-than heretofore.
The term " magnetic recording tape " used -herein is intended to
include tapes already provided with recordings such as might be sold
to the public only or mainly for reproduction of the recorded matter
in the same manner as conventional gramophone records.
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* GB785122 (A)
Description: GB785122 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements in gate or door operating devices
PATENT SPECIFICATION
k Date of filing Complete Specification: Feb 6, 1956.
SD D 4 Applicafion Date: Feb 8, 1955 No 3702/55.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957.
Index at Acceptance:-Class 65 ( 1), A'2 A: 3: 5).
International Classification:-E 051.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Gate or Dooi Operating Devices.
I, G Eo FFREY C Ross LEY, of 4 Rooms Lane, Morley, in the County of
York, a British Subject, do hereby declare the invention for which I
pray that a Patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is
to be performed, to be described in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to devices for operating swinging or sliding
gates or doors all of which are hereinafter included in the term "
gates " Many gates of the above type, particularly the heavy kind,
require means for operating them and some of these are of a
complicated construction Gates often require one or more runners
engaging the ground, floor or other surfaces (hereafter termed " floor
") but these are normally free-running devices merely to take some of
the weight of the gate and with swinging gates are mounted at the
bottom near the outer edge In some cases these wheels run on or in a
track In many instances it is desirable to have means which serve to
support the gate and also means to operate it during its opening and
closing movements and the main object of this invention is to provide
a simple form of self-contained unit which is electrically driven for
operating a gate.
Accordingly there is provided a gateoperating device, comprising a
unit adapted to be mounted on the face of a gate, including a drive
wheel to run on a bearing surface, such as the ground, a floor, guide
track or other surface and having a drive shaft, and an electric motor
for driving the shaft through worm gearing, whereby, in use, on the
motor being energised the wheel will be rotated and its frictional
engagement with the bearing surface operates the gate The electric
motor may be of the reversible type.
The improved unit may have a slide mounting plate to alow relative
movement lI between unit and gate Spring-loading means may provide a

resilient connection in this mounting The drive wheel may be adapted
for disconnection from its drive shaft, should a power failure occur.
Referring now to the accompanying drawings in which several
embodiments of the invention are shown:Fig 1 is a perspective view of
a gate with a gate-operating device of the ground engaging type; Fig 2
is a front detail elevation of the device with its cover removed; Fig
3 is a side elevation of Fig 2; Fig 4 is a plan view of a mounting
plate for the device; Fig 5 is a front elevation of a modified ground
engaging device; Fig 6 is a side elevation of Fig 5; Fig 7 is a plan
view from above of the device; and Fig 8 is a part sectional view of a
gateoperating device adapted for a sliding gate with the wheel running
on a top guide track.
In a particular embodiment of this invention shown in Figs 1, 2 and 3,
a gateoperating device 1 is constructed in the form of a comparatively
small self-contained unit adapted to be mounted on one face of the
gate 2, adjacent the juncture of its lower and outer edges The unit
includes a drive shaft 3 mounted in bearings 4 provided in a carrier
framework 5 with a worm wheel 6 keyed or otherwise secured on the
shaft towards one end thereof Above this worm wheel and shaft is
mounted a countershaft 7 carrying a worm 8 in mesh with the worm wheel
and this countershaft lies at right angles to the driving shaft which
lies parallel with the face of the gates when mounted.
The carrier framework provides a platform 9 for a reversible electric
motor 10 of the required horse-power and any convenient drive means,
such as V-pulleys 11 and a belt 785,122 65.
c 785,122 12, are used to connect the motor to the countershaft.
On the driving shaft is mounted a drive wheel 13 which is to bear on
to the ground or a floor and thus provide frictional driving means
Conveniently this wheel has a solid rubber tyre and a driving
connection is provided between the wheel and driving shaft, such as a
key or splines The mechanism is carried by a back plate 14 adapted to
fit into the guide grooves 15 of a slide plate 16 which is screwed or
otherwise secured to a gate for the mounting of the device A cover 17
is provided and has inturned flanges to slidably engage in the outer
grooves 18 of the plate 16.
The unit normally is free to slide relative to its mounting plate and
relies on its own weight for the frictional grip of-the wheel 13 on
the ground or floor This arrangement enables the unit to adjust itself
to a-sloping or uneven floor and yet form a driving means for the gate
On the other hand, the inuit may be spring-loaded in regard to its
slide mounting plate and thus serve to tend to support the gate and
take some of the load off the hinged or other means by which the gate
is mounted When the unit requires to be rendered inoperative it can be
raised until the wheel is clear of the ground and locking means

provided to hold it raised.
A modified smaller unit is shown in Figs 5 to 7 wherein the reversible
electric motor 10 has its shaft directly connected to the input shaft
of a worm reduction gear box 19, which can be -oil filled The output
shaft of this gear box projects at a right angle to the worm input
shaft and has the drive wheel 13 secured thereon The motor and gear
box are supported in resilient bearings 21 of the arms 22 extending
from the back plate 23 which is slidably mounted in a slide plate 16
similar to that already described.
This unit is shown with a lever 24 pivoted to the back plate 23 so
that when partly rotated its lower end bears on to the top edge of the
fixed slide plate 16 and thus raises the unit and retains it in an
inoperative position In this mounting of the unit the clamping bands
25 of the resilient bearings may be loosened so that the motor, gear
box and wheel unit may be partly turned about -the motor axis for the
drive wheel to assume a different position, say for a sliding gate or
door.
In yet, another modification shown in Fig 8 the invention is adapted
for a sliding gate or door 26 In this construction the reversible
electric motor 10 is secured to a back plate 14 strengthened with
angle members 14 a and having a top plate 27 on which the worm
reduction gear box 28 is secured.
The drive wheel 13 is secured on the output shaft 29 and bears on to a
fixed guide track 30 A belt or chain 31 provides the driving
connection between the motor and gear box and a cover 32 is provided
for the unit.
Again the weight of the slidable unit is used to hold the drive wheel
firmly on the guide track 30 although a spring loading may be
incorporated so that at least some of the door load may be supported
Also, the unit may be adapted to be retained in an inoperative
position It will be understood the electric motor may be mounted in
another position to suit requirements, say carried by the gear box or
secured thereto, or the platform 27, and with a belt or chain drive or
direct connection.
In any of the above constructions, a 80 clutch or other disconnecting
means may be provided between the drive wheel 13 and its shaft For
example, a catchplate is secured on the shaft and furnished with one
or more parts to be driving dogs projecting 85 from part of the wheel,
or the order may be reversed, i e, the dogs are on the plate, and
project to engage the wheel The arrangement may be such that the wheel
may be disconnected from the shaft and this can be 90 accomplished by
the provision of a displaceable make-up collar between the wheel and a
retaining nut or collar on the shaft end so that on release of the nut
or other retaining means the wheel can be slid axially 95 on the shaft

to break the driving connection.
Alternatively, quick-release means may be employed for making and
breaking the driving connection The disconnection may be made by
moving the wheel relative to the i O u catchplatc or the latter may be
furnished with displaceable means to engage the dogs on the wheel or
other complementary part.
13 y making it possible to disconnect the wheel from the driving shaft
the device can 105 be rendered free-running should there be an
electric power failure or other breakdown.
A unit of the above type can be manufactured and mounted relatively
cheaply and usually there is no need to make any altera 110 tions to
an existing gate, or provide for hidden gearing or other operating
means above a gate or say under floor level, or in other structures
with which the gate si associated It also has the advantage that 115
in an emergency the gate could readily be forced open as the wheel
would skid on the ground or floor, or as -above stated, there could be
a quick disconnection of the wheel from the bearing surface or the
driving 120 shaft In many cases the unit when mounted is of such a
size as to be comparatively inconspicuous and the housing or shrouding
means serve not only as a finish for the device but may also form a
waterproof or 125 dustproof cover The motor may be energised by the
provision of any known form of control means in the electric circuit,
and whilst invariably it is reversible to drive in 785,122 two
directions, it may be of the type to drive in one direction only.
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