4516 4520.output

* GB784923 (A)
Description: GB784923 (A) ? 1957-10-16
Process for improving the properties of shaped articles of film-forming
polyethylene
Description of GB784923 (A)
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Process for improving the Properties of Shaped Articles of Film
Forming Polyethylene
We, BADISCHE ANILIN- & SODA-FABRIR AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, a Joint Stock
Company organised under the Laws of Germany, of Ludwigshafen on Rhein,
Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a
patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement:
It is known that the surface of shaped articles of plastics can be
modified by action with compounds which react with the plastic, as for
example by oxidation, chlorination or sulphochlorination. It is also
known that these effects can also be obtained by irradiation of the
plastic shaped article with electrons, neutrons or electromagnetic
waves in the presence of gases which react with the plastic.
The surface of the shaped article is given better bonding, printing,
and dyeing properties by such an irradiation. For this purpose there
are used rays of low energy which do not penetrate deep into the
plastic. At the same time as this desired modification, the surface of
the plastic is, however, also cross-linked and a degradation of the
molecule takes place. Nonhomogeneous shaped articles are obtained of

which the mechanical properties are less good.
We have now found that the properties of shaped articles of
film-forming polyethylene can be substantially improved by allowing
energy-rich rays to act thereon in the presence of 1X1018 to 7X1018
molecules per square centimetre of the surface of the shaped article
of a gas reacting with polyethylene and crosslinking the shaped
article throughout its entire thickness.
The rays then penetrate the entire shaped article, improve the
properties of the surface obtained by the reaction of the said gas
with the polyethylene and at the same time crosslink the polyethylene
shaped article uniformly throughout its entire thickness. It can then,
for example, be printed well and can also be treated in boiling water
because the mechanical thermal propertiese considerably improved.
Suitable gases reacting with polyethylene are for example oxygen, or
halogens, for instance chlorine or fluorine. It is often preferable to
use a mixture of a gas reacting with polyethylene and an indifferent
gas, as for example nitrogen argon or carbon dioxide, or a reactive
gas, which is under reduced pressure, in a closed vessel of which the
wall can readily be penetrated by the rays. It is preferable to use a
vessel of metal, glass or similar solid material which has at one
point an opening covered with a thin foil of a plastic or metal, such
as aluminium or copper, through which the rays can enter.
The radiation dosage is controlled so that the desired degree of
cross-linking is achieved.
That is usually the case when the plastic is no longer capable of
plastic deformation and the softening range has been raised
sufficiently.
Over-cross-linking is to be avoided. The atmospheric oxygen which in
the course of time diffuses into the plastic can also oxidise it in
the interior. Electrons with an acceleration energy of 2MeV
(MeV=millions of electron volts) can penetrate a polyethylene plate of
a thickness of about 1 centimetre. If a mixture of an inert gas and
about 5 to 20% of oxygen is admitted during the irradiation, any
desired degree of oxidation and crosslinking can be obtained by an
irradiation dosage between about 1.10G and 1.108 rontgens.
For example an electron stream of 2 MeV from a Van de Graaf's high
voltage generator may be allowed to act on the plastic at a current
intensity of 250 milliamps for a few seconds. The use of gamma rays,
neutrons, protons or energy-rich atomic nuclei with a nuclear charge
number above 1 is also possible. For example the irradiation with
neutrons can be carried out in an atomic pile.
The shaped article to be irradiated is enclosed in a vessel closed in
an airtight manner, the said vessel consisting of a material which can
withstand temperatures up to about 100" C.

and which is not excited by neutrons to a radiation with a long half
life period. Materials suitable for this purpose are for example pure
graphite, aluminium, lead, pure iron or tin.
The said vessel also contains the amount of reaction gas, for example
oxygen, necessary for the modification of the surface of the plastic,
which depends on the size of the plastic surface to be irradiated.
The vessel is then pushed into the interior
of the atomic pile or into its.outer chambers.
With a neutron flux of about 1011 neutrons per
square centimetre per second, a duration of
irradiation of about 1 to 12 seconds is
necessary.
What we claim is : -
A process for improving the properties of shaped articles of
film-forming polyethylene which comprises acting on the shaped article
with energy-rich rays in the presence of lx lO' to 7 X 1018 molecules
per square centimetre of the surface of the shaped article of a gas
reacting with polyethylene and cross-link
ing the shaped article throughout its entire
thickness.
* GB784924 (A)
Description: GB784924 (A) ? 1957-10-16
Improvements in and relating to air heaters
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Inventor: NICOLAAS GERADTS _ Date of application and filing Complete
Specification: Feb 21, 1956.
No 5413156.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 64 ( 3), S( 22: 23 D).
International Classification:-F 25 h.
Improvements in and relating to Air Heaters We, REMEHA-FABRIEKEN N V,

a Limited Liability Company organised under the laws of
The,Netherlands, of Kanaal Zuid 110 Apeldoom, The Netherlands, do
hereby dedare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be
granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement:-
The invention relates to an air heater comprising one or more ducts
for the flow of flue gas transversely of air passages formed by spaced
fins on the walls of the ducts.
In known air heaters of this kind, the fins are equidistantly spaced
and parallel to each other Consequently, the temperature of heated air
leaving the heater near the inlet for the hot flue gas is higher than
the temperature of air leaving near the outlet for the relatively cold
flue gas.
The invention aims to avoid this disadvantage.
According to the invention, the distance between adjacent fins at the
inlet ends of the air passages and also the inlet to outlet ratio of
the distance between adjacent fins progressively decreases in the
direction towards the outlet of the flue duct so that the temperature
of air issuing from the heater is substantially the same throughout
the length of the flue duct.
In order that the invention may be clearly understood, an example of
it will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing
which is a perspective view of an air heater.
The heater as illustrated has a series of ducts 1 and 2 for the flow
of flue gas upwardly in the direction of the arrow A, that is to say
transversely of air passages formed by spaced fins 3 on the walls of
the flue ducts.
Air can thus flow in the direction of the arrow B in heat exchanging
relationship with the flue ducts The entrant air flow is divided into
unequal streams by the fins 3, in such a way that more air can issue
through the paslPrice 3 s 6 d l i 4,924 sages adjacent the flue gas
inlets than through the passages located adjacent the flue gas outlets
Since the flue gases are at a higher temperature when they enter the
air 50 heater than when they leave it, the air streams issuing from
the lowermost passages 4 (adjacent the flue gas inlets) can thus be at
a temperature substantially equal to that of the air stream issuing
from the other pas 55 sages if the relative cross-sectional areas of
the passages at the air inlets and outlets are designed accordingly
For this purpose the distance between adjacent fins 3 at the inlet
ends of the air passages and also the in 60 let to outlet ratio of the
distance between adjacent fins progressively decrease in the direction
of the arrow A In the example illustrated in the drawing, the spacing
of the fins at the outlet ends of the air passages is 65 substantially
equal.

The rate of flow of the heated air issuing through passages adjacent
the flue gas inlets is higher than that through passages adjacent the
flue gas outlets 70
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* GB784925 (A)
Description: GB784925 (A) ? 1957-10-16
Improved collapsible mattress
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:
CH340023 (A) FR1141744 (A)
CH340023 (A) FR1141744 (A) less
784,925 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Feb 24,
1956.
No 5812156.
Application made in Yugoslavia on Feb 26, 1955.

Index at acceptance:-Class 52 ( 4), MIB.
International Classification:-A 47 c.
Improved Collapsible Mattress I, RADIVOJE OBRADOVIC, a citizen of
Yugoslavia, of 46, Dobracina, 'Belgrade, Yugoslavia, do hereby declare
the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me,
and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to an improved collapsible mattress of the
air-inflatable type.
The mattress according to the invention is of the type (such as is
described for example in the British Specification No 159,299) which
comprises two sheets of a cover material joined together 'by a series
of double seams suitably spaced so as to form a number of tubular bags
for the reception of independently inflatable cylindrical tubes,
each,closed at one end and provided at the other end with a valve to
allow of inflation and deflation.
Preferably the mattress is of the usual oblong shape and preferably
the seams and the tubular bags formed thereby run longitudinally The
bags are left open at one or both ends for the insertion of the
inflatable tubes.
These tubes may be of about the same length as the bags, or may be
half that length, in which case two are required for each tubular bag
one being inserted from each end of the bag In either case the valve
end of each tube is left accessible for inflation and deflation.
The improved mattress according to the present invention includes a
separately inflatable air-cushion permanently attached lo, or forming
an integral part of, the mattress and situated at that end remote from
the valves of the inflatable bags.
The air cushion may be of the same width as the mattress portion, in
which case all the bags will be closed at the ends adjacent to the
air-cushion Or it may be somewhat le s in width that the mattress
portion, having room for one bag at each side to be clear of the air
cushion; in that case these two bags may be open at both ends to admit
half-length inflatable tubes at each end 45 The invention in one of
its embodiments is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in
which:Figure 1 is a diagrammatic plan of the mattress 50 Figure 2 is a
sectional elevation at II-II of Figure 1.
The mattress illustrated comprises two rectangular cover sheets 1, 2
of linen joined together by seven longitudinal rows of double 55 seams
3, 4, which form six tubular bags 5, open at one end for the reception
of infilatable cylindrical rubber tubes 6, each provided with a valve
(not shown) at the accessible end At the other end of the mattress

there 60 is shown a separately inflatable air cushion 7 permanently
attached to, or forming an integral pant of, the mattress.
Amongst the special advantages of the mattress of the invention are
that it can be 65 made much thinner when inflated than the
conventional mattress and is thus economical of space, that its
usefulness survives accidental punctures or tears, land that it is
readily adaptable to a variety of alternative uses The 70 inflatable
tubes are readily removed for repair or replacement In the form
illustrated the air-cushion may be used as a seat and the mattress
proper, bent to an inverted V and supported by a portable T-piece or
rectangular 75 frame, as a back rest; or the air-cushion may be used
as a pillow with the mattress proper horizontal.
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* GB784926 (A)
Description: GB784926 (A) ? 1957-10-16
Improvements in the production of triazine vat dyestuffs of the
anthraquinone series
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:
CH342321 (A) DE1026456 (B) US2832779 (A)
CH342321 (A) DE1026456 (B) US2832779 (A) less

784,926 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: March
28, 1956.
No 9646/56.
Application made in Germany on March 30, 1955.
Index at acceptance:-Classes 2 ( 3), C 1 82, C 1 E 4 K( 4: 8), C 1 E 5
K( 4: 8), C 1 G( 5 B: 6 A 1), C 2 (A 3:
A 14: B 3 A 4: B 3 D: R 18), C 3 A 13 B 3, C 3 A 13 C( 1 C: 9: 10 H);
and 2 ( 4), Q 2 A 5.
International Classification:-CO 7 d CO 9 b.
Improvements' in the Production of Triazine Vat Dyestuffs of the
Anthraquinone Series We, BADISCHE ANILIN & SODA-FABRIK
AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, of Ludwigshafen/ Rhein, Germany, a Joint Stock
Company, organised under the laws of Germany, do hereby declare the
invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to an improved process of manufacturing vat
dyestuffs and to new vat-dyestuffs.
Specifications Nos 350,575, 372,123
449,477 described dyestuffs of the general formula:
c l UR m Ii 9 t-YM H Nt H-< in which R and R' represent vattable
radicals of the anthraquinone series and Ar an aromatic or a
heterocyclic radical of aromatic character.
These dyestuffs have very valuable properties but could not hitherto
be used in practice because the method for their preparation given in
each of the said patent specifications, namely the reaction of
monoaryl-di-lhalogen-1 3 5triazines with aminoanthraquinones,
presupposed the ready accessibility elf the said dihalogen-triazines A
possibility for the preparation of the said intermediate products
resulted later by reacting dicyandiamide with carboxylic acid
chlorides Ar-CO Cl or the corresponding anhydrides to form
aroyldicyanamides (see Specification No 574,483), converting these
into arovl-biurets (see U S.
Patent Specification No 2,401,599) and preparing frorm: the latter by
ring closure according to known methods 4-aryl-2 6-dihydroxytriazines
in which, also by known 'methods, the hydroxyl groups are exchanged by

chlorine atoms This method of obtaining the said valuable dyestuffs
is, however, still too troublelPrice 3 s 6 d l some to make possible a
profitable manufacture of the dyestuffs.
We have found' that the dyestuffs of the above-mentioned kind are
obtained in a simpler way by subjecting a 2 6-diamino-1 3 5-triazine
45 substituted in the 4-position by an aryl group or a heterocyclic
group of the said kind (such as are obtained for example according to
the German Patent Specification No 731,309 by the reaction of a
corresponding carboxylic 50 acid nitrile with dicyandiamide in the
presence of a strong base), preferably without isolating it, to
saponification by caustic alkali solutions to form the corresponding 2
6-dihydroxy-1 3 5triazine, converting this with phosphorus or 55
sulphur halides in known manner into the 2.6-dihalogen-1 3 5-triazine
and reacting the latter with 2 mols of an aminoanthraquinone or a
vattable derivative of the aminoanthraquinones, the conversion of the
2 6-dihydroxy 60 1.3 5-triazine into the 2 6-dihalogen-1 3 5triazine
and the reaction of the latter with 2 molecules of an
aminoanthraquinone or a vattable derivative of the aminoanthraquinone
preferably being carried out in the same reac 65 tion medium and in
the presence of an acidfinding agent.
Starting from a nitrile of the general formula Ar-CN (Ar having the
above significance), the new process can be carried out in 70 only two
reaction vessels, in contrast to the troublesome known methods
requiring many stages Since nitriles of the said kind are often more
readily accessible industrially than the corresponding carboxylic
acid' halides or 75 anhydrides, the new process has considerably wider
possibilities of use Moreover it gives better total yields than the
known methods, especially because the wasteful isolation, of
intermediate products is dispensed with 80 Furthermore it is
surprising that the individual reaction stages of the new process
should proceed so stnoothlv that they can be combined with each other
without the occurrence of disturbances by side reactions which would
be 85 expected.
Suitable initial materials for the new process are, inter alia, the 2
6-diamino-1 3 5triazines substituted in 4-position by a radical Ar (Ar
having the above significance) and obtainable by the reaction of
benzonitrile, naphthonitriles, cyanopyridines, cyanoquinolines,
cyanocarbazoles, icyanothiophenes or cyanothiazoles with
dicyandiamide; as already stated the 4-substituted diaminotriazines
need not be isolated but can be directly saponified, for example with
caustic soda solution, to the corresponding 4-substituted 2
6-dihydroxy1.3 5-triazines The said nitriles may contain substituents,
such as alkyl groups, aryl groups, aralkyl groups, alkoxy groups,
aryloxy groups, alkylsuisphonyl groups, arylsulphonyl groups,

sulplhoniamide groups and/or halogen atoms.
The transformation co the 4-substituted 2.6-dihydroxy-1 3 5-triazines
(which are obtained by acidification of the saponification mixture) to
the 2 6-dihalogen-1 3 5-triazines takes place for example by heating
them in the presence or absence of indifferent media, such as
nitro-benzene or ortho-chlor-benzene, with phosphorus pentachloride or
pentabromide, thionyl chloride or phosphorus oxychloride, it being
advantageous to add an acidbinding agent, such as dirnethylaniline.
For reaction olf the resultant A-substituted 2 6-dihalogen-13
5-triazines to form dyestuffs there are suitable, inter alia, 1 and
2-aminoanthraquinones and their halogen derivatives,
1-amnino-x-methylsulphonylanthraquinenes, 1aminoanthraquinone x
sulphonic acid diaikylamtides (x being in both cases any of the
positions from 2 to 8), 1-amino-4 or -5-aroylaminoanthraquinenes, 1
4-diamino-2-acetylanthraquinone, 1 amino 4 alkoxyanthraquinones,
4-amino-1 (N) 2-benzeneacridoneanthraquinone and its derivatives
substituted in the benzene nucleus by alkyl, alkylsulphonyl,
sulphonamide or alkoxy groups or/and halogen atoms For reaction with
the 4-substituted 2.6-dihalogell-1 3 5-triazines, which, if they have
been obtained in inert solvents need not b.' isolated as already
stated, there may be used 2 molecules of the same aininoanthraquinone
compound or two different aminoanthraquinone compounds which -are
introduced consecutively or in one operation.
The following Examples will further illustrate this invention but the
invention is not restricted to these Examples The parts are parts by
weight.
EXAMPLE 1.
A mixture of 10 parts of potassium hydroxide, 100 parts of
benzcnitrile, 200 parts of gylcol monomethyl ether and 100 parts of
dicyandiamide is gradually heated while stirring to 90 to 1000 C until
condensation to the 4-phenyl-2 6-diamino-1 3 5-triazine occurs with
spontaneous heating In the case of large batches, provision should be
made for well cooling or the dicyandiamide should be added gradually
After the reaction has subsided, the whole is boiled for another 4
hours while stirring It is then cooled to 90 g to 1 00 C and 400 parts
of 50 % 1 caustic soda solution are allowed to flow in while
continuing the stirring Ammonia is thereby ion 70 mediately evolved
Proportionally with this evolution, the temperature is raised by
heating to 120 to 125 C and the whole further stirred for 8 hours at
this temperature Towards the end of this time, the 4-phenyl-2 6 75
dihydroxy-1 3 5-triazine is precipitated as its crystalline disodium
salt The whole is then diluted at 90 C with 4,000 parts of water and
the cooled solution is filtered, 20 % hydrochloric acid is added to
the filtrate until it has 80 been converted into a thick pasty mass by

the separation of the monosodium salt of 4-phenyl2.6 dihydroxy 1 3 5
triazine Upon further addition of 10 % hydrochloric acid until the p H
value is about 4, the mass becomes mobile 85 again It is allowed to
stand for 5 hours in order to zomnplete the separation of the 4phenyl
2 6 dihydroxy _ 1 3 5 triazine It is filtered off by suction, washed
with water and dried at 60 to 100 C The yield is 176 parts, 90
equivalent to 96 % of the theoretical yield.
38 parts of this in 800 parts of nitrobenzene are heated at 100 to 110
C with 92 parts of phosphorus pentachloride The 4-phenyl-2
6dihydroxy-1 3 5-triazine passes into solution 95 after a few minutes
with the evolution of hydrogen chloride The phosphorus oxychloride
formed is removed at reduced pressure To the remaining solution of
4-phenyl2.6-dichlor-1 3 5-triazine there are then added 100 92 parts
of 1-aminoanthraquinone dissolved in 1,000 parts of nitrobenzene, and
the whole is stirred for 3 hours at 1200 C It is then allowed to czol
and the dyestuff is filtered off by suction, washed with methanol and
dried 105 108 parts of the dyestuff of the formula c C 6 N M 2
NZ-Co,,N" known from Example 1 of the German Patent Specification No
551,884 are obtained.
EXAMPLE 2 110
A mixture of 9 parts of potassium hydroxide, parts cf benzonitrile,
190 parts of glycol monomrrethyl ether arnd 82 parts of dicyandiamide
is gradually heated to 90 to 100 C while stirring until condensation
to 4-phenyl 115 2.6-diaaminc-1 35-triazine commences with spontaneous
heating After the reaction has subsided the whole is boiled for 4
hours while stirring 480 parts of 50 % caustic soda solution are added
at 90 to 100 C and the whole 120 -784,926 to 120 C until all has
passed into solution.
The phosphorus oxychloride formed is distilled off under reduced
pressure, 56 parts of 1 4diamino-2-acetylanthraquinone are added to
the remaining solution and stirred for 3 hours at 170 C After cooling,
the dyestuff formed is filtered off by suction, washed with methanol
and dried T Ilhe yield amounts to 61 parts, The dyestuff is identical
with that prepared according to paragraph 3 of Example 2.
A dyestuff of similar brilliance is obtained by using, instead of
4-phenyl-2 6-dihydroxy1.3 5-triazine, the 4-( 31-tolyl)-2
6-dihydroxy1.3 5-triazine, prepared in an analogous manner.
EXAMPLE 4.
A solution of 79 parts of 4-phenyl-2 6dichlor-1 3 5 -triazine in 800
parts of nitrobenzene is prepared according to Example 1 and there is
added thereto a solution of 250 parts of 1 amino 5
benzoylaminoanthraquinone in 4,000 parts of nitrobenzene at C The
whole is then stirred for 3 hours at 120 C, allowed to cool, the
resultant dyestuff of the formula is stirred for 8 hours at 120 to 125

C It is diluted with 4,000 parts of water, and carbon dioxide is led
into the filtered solution at room temperature until there is no
further separation of the monosodium salt of 4-phenyl2.6-dihydroxy-1 3
5-triazine It is filtered off by suction, the salt dissolved at 40 C
in 8,000 parts of water and weakly acidified with glacial acetic acid
(p H = 6) After standing fcr several hours, the well crystallised
4-phenyl2.6-dilhydroxy-1 3 5-triazine is filtered off, washed with a
little water and dried at 60 to C The yield amounts to 149 parts,
equivalent to 81 %, of the theoretical yield.
150 parts of the product thus obtained are introduced into a mixture
of 360 parts of phosphorus pentachloride and 150 parts of phosphorus
oxychloride and heated while stirring under reflux until all has
dissolved giving a clear solution After stirring further for an hour
at boiling temperature, it is allowed to cool while stirring The cold
mobile reaction mixture is forced from the reaction vessel while
stirring into a mixture of 14,000 parts of ice and water After slow
stirring for 30 to minutes, the -4-phenyl-2 6-dichlor-1 3 5triazine
which has been obtained in crystalline form is brought onto a sulction
filter, washed with a large amount of water and dried at 30 to 40 C at
reduced pressure For purification it is dissolved in 5 times the
amount by weight of trichloroethylene at about 50 C, the solution
allowed to cool and amorphous impurities filtered off By evaporating
the filtrate, very pure 4-phenyl-2 6-dichlor-1 3 5-triazine is
obtained.
60.5 parts of 4-phenyl-2 6-dichlor-1 3 5triazine are stirred for 3
hours at 170 C with parts of 1 4 diamino 2 acetylanthraquinone and
2,200 parts of trichlorbenzene.
After cooling, the dyestuff formed is filtered off by suction, washed
with methanol and dried 163 parts of a blue dyestuff of the formula CH
1 C ? t_-t cc v,,,% are obtained which dyes cotton brilliant
reddish-blue shades from a dark grey-green vat.
EXAMPLE 3.
18 9 parts of the 4-phenyl-2 6-dihydroxy1.3 5-triazine obtained
according to the first paragraph of either Example 1 or Example 2 are
stirred with 44 parts of phosphorus pentachloride in 800 parts of
nitrobenzene at 100 Iih 11 t _Cs OACis filtered off by suction, washed
with methanol and dried The yield amounts to 260 parts.
The dyestuff, obtained as an orange coloured powder, dyes cotton
brilliant orange-yellow shades from a dark red vat.
EXAMPLE 5.
parts of ortho-methoxybenzonitrile are reacted with 100 parts of
dicyandiamide and parts of potassium hydroxide in 200 parts of glycol
monomethyl ether in accordance with the statements in Example 1 After
the reaction has subsided, it is stirred for 3 hours at boiling

temperature Then 300 parts of 50 % caustic soda solution are allowed
to flow in at C, the whole is again brought to boiling and stirred
until the evolutioni of ammonia has ceased It is then diluted at 80 C
with 6,000 parts of water To the filtered solution there is first
added 20 % hydrochloric acid until the mass has become thick and then
10 % hydrochloric acid until an' acid reaction against litmus is
obtained After then allowing to stand for 5 hours, the 4-( 2
L-methoxyiphenyl)-2 6dihydroxy-1 3 5-triazine is filtered off by
suction, washed with a little water and dried The yield amounts to 88
% of the theoretical yield.
132 parts of this compound are heated with 600 parts of phosphorus
oxychloride and 280 784,926 parts of phosphorus pentachloride under
reflux until all has passed into solution The phosphorus oxychloride (
400 parts is then distilled off at reduced pressure and the cooled
semisolid mass is stirred into 3,000 parts of icewater After stirring
for half an hour, the precipitate is collected cn a suction, filter
and washed thoroughly with water It is dried at about 40 C at reduced
pressure The crude 4 ( 2 'methoxyphenyl) 2 6 dichlor 1 3 5triazine
thus obtained is used directly for the production of dyestuffs By
dissolution in and reprecipitation from ortho-dichlorbenzene the pure
compound of the melting point 134 to 135 C can be obtained therefrom
in 80 % yield.
14.4 parts of the crude product are dissolved in 80 parts of
nitrobenzene, filtered free from the slight insoluble deposit and
mnixe:
at 50 C with a solution, heated to 50 C, of 29 parts of
1-amino-4-methoxyanthraquinone in 420 parts of nitrobenzene The whole
is heated to 110 C and this temperature is maintained for 3 hours
while stirring continuously.
The dyestuff precipitated after cooling as copper red crystals is
filtered off by suction and washed with methanol It is identical with
the dyestuff of the formula 1 OCH 3 II N c c Ha Cot 3 N /jat > N
1 o 7 a 3 known from Example 2 of the German Patent Specification No
637,937 The yield amounts to 32 parts It dves cotton brilliant scarlet
shades from a pale red vat.
EXAMPLE 6.
A mixture of 13 7 parts of ortho-chlorbenzcnitrile, 9 2 parts of
dicyandiamide, 1 5 parts of potassium hydroxide and 20 parts of
ethylene glycol monomethyl ether is boiled for 3 hours under reflux It
is allowed to cool to about 90 C; then 40 parts of 50 % caustic soda
solution are added and the whole is boiled for 9 hours It is then
diluted at 90 C with 800 parts of water and the cooled solution is
filtered 20 %' hydrochloric acid is added to the filtrate until the p
H value 4 is reached After standing for 5 hours, the crystalline

precipitate is filtered off by suction, washed with a little water and
dried at 60 to 100 C The yield cf 4-( 21-chlorphenyl)2.6-dihydroxy-1 3
5-triazine amounts to 84 %O of the theoretical yield 56 parts of 4 ( 2
' chlorphenyl) 2 6dihydroxy-1 3 5-triazine are heated with 115 parts
of phosphorus pentachloride and 180 parts of phosphorus oxychloride
while stirring under reflux until all has dissolved to give a clear
solution After stirring for a further hour at boiling temperature it
is allowed to cool.
Thle reaction mixture is forced from the reaction vessel into a
stirred mixture of 4,000 parts of ice and water After stirring for 45
minutes, the crystalline 4-( 2 '-chlorpenyl)-2 6-dichlor1.3 5-triazine
is filtered off by suction, washed thoioughly with water and dried at
30 to C The product can be purified by dissolution in and
reprecipitation from trichlorethylene as described in the second
paragraph of Example 2 The compound thus obtained in a yield of 58
parts melts at 152 to 154 C.
26 parts of 4-(ortho-chlorphenyl)-2 6dichlor-1 3 5-triazine are heated
with 56 parts of 1 4-dianmino-2-acetyl-anthraquinone and 90 parts of
nitrobenzene for 2 hours while stirring at 170 C After cooling, the
dyestuff is filtered off by suction, washed with methanol and dried 54
parts of a blue dyestuff of the formula are obtained which dyes cotton
reddish-blue shades from a grey-green vat.
EXAMPLE 7.
A solution of 22 6 parts of 4-phenyl-2 6-dichlor-1 3 5-triazine in
1,500 parts cf anhydrous nitrobenzene is prepared in a manner similar
to that described in Example 1 To this solution 34 2 parts of
1-amino-4-benzoylaminoanthraquinone are added and the mixture is
heated to 110 C in the course of one hour while stirring The mixture
is kept stirring at this temperature for 3 hours, then 28 parts of
1.4-diamino-2-acetylanthraquinone are added and the temperature is
rapidly raised to 150 C.
Stirring is continued at this temperature for 2 hours, then the
mixture is allowed to cool to about 100 C when the dyestuff is
filtered cff by suction and washed with nitrobenzene and methanol 71
parts of a blue-black dyestuff having the formula 784,926 CO 4 O=C t N
^ 2 "Q%"_sf C-N Tim-Co-C,,4 are obtained which dyes cotton deep violet
shades from a deep brown-red at.
EXAMPLE 8.
Using the same procedure as in the preceding Exalmple 34 2 parts of
1-amino-5benzoylaminoanthraquinone are used instead of 1 amino 4
benzoylaminoanthraquinone 70 parts of a vat dyestuff having the
formula c& CHO Nare obtained which dyes cotton deep olivegreen shades.
EXAMPLE 9.
A solution of 22 6 parts of 4-phenyl-2 6dichlor 1 3 5 triazine in

1,200 parts of anhydrous nitrobemnzene is prepared in a manner similar
to that described in Example 1.
To this solution 22 3 parts of 1-aminoanthraquinone are added Then the
mixture is heated to 120 C in the course of one fhour while stirring
After stirring for 3 more hours at this temperature, 28 parts of 1
4-diamino-2-acetylanthraquinone are added, the temperature is raised
to 150 C and stirring is continued at this temperature for 2 hours
After cooling to about 100 C the dyestuff is filtered off by suction
and washed first with nitrobenzene and then with methanol A dyestuff
having the following formula C 05 v C ?H 3 II C is obtained with a
yield of about 60 parts It dyes cotton clear yellow-green shades from
a brown-black vat
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* GB784927 (A)
Description: GB784927 (A) ? 1957-10-16
Improvements in or relating to rulers
7849927 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: May 24,
1956.
No 16062/56.
Index at acceptance: -Class 97 ( 3), K.
International Classification:-B 43 h.
COMIPETE SPECI'FCATION Improvements in or relating to Rulers I, ROBERT
NIGHTINGALE, la British subject, of 277, Hidgh Road, Ilford, Essex, do
hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be

granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to, be
particularly described in and by the following statement: -
This invention relates to rulers of the kind wherein two elongated
members or bars are connected together so as to be movable in relation
to each other but to remain parallel to each other.
The user applies pressure with his hand or fingers to the bar nearer
to him to hold it in adjusted position and then adjusts the other bar
to the required position and must hold this in place also by finger
pressure while using it for drawing a line Considerable pressure may
however be required to hold the bars in place and sometimes they move
towards each other or tilt as a whole.
According to the present invention each of the bars is provided with
at least two friction elements made of friction gripping matenial e g
rubber which extends below the under surface of the bar, said elements
being in the form of rings held in annular grooves concentric with the
link pivots These elements permit sliding of the bar over the drawing
or other work when required but militate against inadvertent slipping
when pressure is applied to hold the bars to the paper.
Preferably the bars are made of transparent material and are connected
by links pivoted thereto, and the friction, elements are located under
the ends of the links at or adjacent the pivots so as not so obscure
the view of the user The bars may each have a linger lknob located
midway between the link pivots.
The invention will now be further described with reference to the
accompanying drawings wherein: Figure 1 is a plan view of a ruler made
in accordance with the invention, with one link removed; and Figure 2
is a sectional view on the line 2-2 on Figure 1.
The ruler comprises two bars 10, 11 made of transparent synthetic
plastic material The bars have vertical opposed surfaces 12, 13 and
the other edges are chamfered and provided with scale markings to
facilitate drawing and measuring The bars are connected together by
two links 15 of which one is shown in the drawings These links are
pivotally conneoted at each end to the bars by screws 16 that are
screwed into tapped holes 117 in the bars, a washer 118 being
interposed between the links and the bars The holes 17 are countersunk
at 19 and the pivot of a cutting tool is placed in the countersunk
hole and serves for cutting a groove 20 in the under surface of the
bar concentric with the hole A friction element in the form of a
rubber ring 21 is secured in tis groove by an adhesive.
Thus each bar has a pair of friction elements spaced apart
equidistantly from the middle position of the bar Each bar is provided
at the middle position with a finger knob 22 so that pressure on tis
knob causes equal frictional grip to occur at the spaced friction
elements.

The friction elements or rings extend slightly below the under surface
of the bars to an extent of about one millimetre The diameter of the
rings is about equal to the diameter of the rounded ends of the,inks
15 so that the rings are as large as possible without unduly,obscuring
the work.
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