5806 5810.output

* GB786214 (A)
Description: GB786214 (A) ? 1957-11-13
Improvements in or relating to sliding door assemblies
Description of GB786214 (A)
We, ALBION MOTORS LIMITED, a British
Company, and FREDERICK JOHN KENNEDY, of British nationality, both of
the Company's address, at South Street, Scotstoun, Glasgow, Scotland,
do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may
be granted to us and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly des-
cribed in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in sliding door assemblies and
has for its primary object to provide a sliding door which can be
opened and closed by the driver of a mechanically-propelled vehicle,
without necessity for the driver to dismount from the vehicle for the
purpose of opening and closing the door manually.
The invention also aims to enable pedestrians to open the door
manually, the door being self-closing, whether opened manually or by
power; or the door may be both opened and closed manually without
extra provision for adjustments.
An assembly according to the invention consists of a door suspended
from a beam pivoted at one end to a bracket attachable to a wall of
the structure presenting the doorway, tracks carried by the beam, and
valve-controlled means attachable to said wall, operatively connected
to the other end portion of the beam and adapted, when actuated, to
move said last-mentioned end portion of the beam in a vertical
direction.
A sliding door assembly according to the invention is illustrated in
the accompanying drawings in which:Fig 1 is a front elevation of the
sliding door assembly.
Fig 2 is an end elevation.
Fig 3 is a front elevation of operating means for the sliding door.
Fig 4 is an inverted plan view.
Fig 5 is an end elevation.

Referring to the drawings, 1 denotes a F Price 3 s 6 d 1 786,214 beam
pivoted at 2 for movement about a 4,5 horizontal axis to a bracket 3
attachable to a wall, 4 'of a building structure 5 denotes a track
depending from the beam 1 6 denotes a door suspended from the track 5
by hangers 7 carried by rollers of F 50 a type known per se adapted to
travel on the track 5 The end of tfie beam 1 remote from the pivot 2
is mounted for vertical movement in a guide bracket 8 fixed to the
wall and is connected to the lower end of ist the piston rod 9 of a
piston reciprocable in a vertically disposed cylinder and piston
assembly 10 operable by pressure fluid and carried by a bracket 11
attachable to the wall 4 ( 60 The mid-point of the guide bracket 8 is
in horizontal alignment with the axis of the pivot 2 of the beam 1 The
door 6 is free to travel from one end of the track to the other within
limits determined by door stops 65 6 a, 6 b, fixed to the wall 4.
The guide bracket 8 is provided at the top and at the bottom with
adjustable stops (not illustrated) adapted to determine the limits of
vertical travel of the associated end 70 portion of the beam 1.
12 denotes a valve intercalated in a supply line 13 leading from a
source of pressure fluid supply (not illustrated) such as a compressed
air line The valve 12 is adapted to 7,5 be actuated by a lever 14
which is operable in turn by a rod 15 movable vertically in a guide 16
secured to a plate 17 attachable to the wall 4 and carrying the valve
12.
18 denotes a cranked lever, which may 80 be a bell-crank lever,
pivoted at 19 to the plate 17 for movement about a horizontal axis The
upper arm of the lever 18 is formed with a latch 20 for engagement by
the lever 14 855 Carried by the rod 15 is a horizontal spring-loaded
trigger 21 Presenting a curved under face 22 and engageable with the
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date of filing Complete Speciflcation March 7, 1956.
gag X Application Date March 9, 1955 No 6903/55.
Complete Specification Publi 8 hed, Nov 13, 1957.
Index at Acceptance -Class 65 ( 1), A( 2 B: 2 D 3).
International Classification:-E 05 f.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Sliding Door Assemblies.
underside of the lever 14 to raise the lever 14 into engagement with
the latch 20, when the rod 15 is raised 23 (Fig 4) denotes a cam
carried by the guide 16 and adapted to a disengage the trigger 21 from
the lever 14.
24 denote operating handles located at a distance from each face of
the door 6 and each attached to a cord 25 passing through guides 26,
27 and over a guide 28, which may be a tube or a pulley wheel The cord
is attached to the upper end of the rod 15.

The valve 12 is formed with an inlet port 29, an outlet port 30, and
an exhaust port 31 to which is fitted an adjustable exhaust 1 i 5
control valve 32.
The door 6 is provided with windows 33 so that approaching vehicles or
pedestrians are visible from either side of the door.
The lower portion of the door 6 is movable between guide rollers 34
mounted on vertical spindles 35 journalled in supports -mounted on the
ground and serving to maintain the door in vertical position, while
the door is in motion, and to prevent the door from swinging under the
influence of wind pressure.
While the door illustrated is a single leaf door, it is to be
understood that the door may consist of two leaves, to provide for
ease of opening the door if the operating mechanism for the door is,
for any reason, inoperative The end of the beam 1 remote from the
pivot 2 is provided with a projecting trip bar 36.
In practice, when it is desired to open the door 6 mechanically, one
of the handles 24 is pulled downwards, thus causing the rod to move
vertically upwards in the guide 16 As the rod 15 moved upwards, the
associated trigger 21 engages the lever 14 and raises the lever 14
into engagement with the latch 20 of the lever 18.
The rod 15 continues to be raised and the trigger 21 is engaged by the
cam 23 and is forced in opposition to its associated spring out of
engagement with the lever 14 which remains in engagement with the
latch 20.
Upward movement of the lever 14 opens the inlet port 29 in the valve
12, to permit flow of compressed air to the underside of the piston in
the assembly 10.
The piston and the associated piston rod 9 are moved upwardly, thus
raising in the guide bracket 8 the end portion of the beam 1 attached
to the piston rod 9, the beam 1 swivelling about its pivot 2 and
presenting a positive or reverse incline down which the door carrying
rollers travel, carrying with them the door 6 which, on coming to No
rest against the door stop 6 b, arrives at its fully opened position
The upward speed of the end of the beam 1 remote from the pivot 2 is
controlled by means of an adjustable restricting valve (not
illustrated) inter4 i 5 calated in the air supply line 13 upstream of
the valve 12 Varying the upward speed of the beam 1 in this manner
controls the speed at which the door 6 opens.
The slight effort required to lift the rod 15, with the associated
trigger 21, and the 70 natural human action of pulling the handle 24
until the rod 15 reaches the upper limit of its travel ensure that the
valve 12 is not held open by hand, and the valve control lever 14 can
only be returned to its bottom 75 position by mechanical means as
described below.

Automatic closing of the door 6 is effected when the trip bar 36
carried by the beam 1 contacts and lifts the lower arm of 80 the
cranked lever 18 The lever 18 swivels about its Divot 19, thus causing
the upper arm of the lever 18 to move its associated latch 20 away
from the lever 14, which being thus released and unsupported, falls
down 85 to its bottom position and actuates the valve 12 to close the
inlet port 29 and to open the exhaust port 31 Compressed air under the
piston in the cylinder assembly 10 is released to atmosphere through
the port 31 90 and the valve 32, the Diston, the Diston rod 9 and the
associated end portion of the beam 1 moving downwards The beam 1 then
presents a negative incline and the doorcarrying rollers roll on the
track 5 and carry W 5 the door to its closed position against the door
stop 6 a.
The dwell during which the door 6 remains in open position is
determined by adjustment of the control valve 32 fitted to loo the
exhaust port 31, through which Dort 32 compressed air exhausted from
the cylinder assembly 10 passes to atmosphere Adjustment of the
control valve 32 controls the rate of flow of the exhausted air from
the cylinder 105 thus controlling the speed at which the piston and
the Diston rod 9 lower the associated end portion of the beam 1, and
thus shortening or lengthening the period during which the beam 1 is
changing position from 110 presenting a positive incline to Presenting
a negative incline Until the incline achieves an appreciable negative
slope, the door 6 remains in o Den Dosition.
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* GB786215 (A)
Description: GB786215 (A) ? 1957-11-13
New diamines and salts thereof

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
New Diamines and Salts thereof
We, ALLEN & HANBURYS LIMITE, a British
Company, of Three Colts Lane, Bethnal
Green, London, E. 2, do hereby declare the invention, for which we
pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is
to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to new organic bases and salts thereof.
The novel compounds of the present invention are bases of the general
formula :-
<img class="EMIRef" id="026415655-00010001" />
and their salts (other than penicillin salts), where a is an integer
of from 1 to 3 inclusive, b and c are integers of from 1 to 3
inclusive, and may be the same or different ; and R is hydrogen, an
alkyl group containing not more than three carbon atoms, or an alkoxy,
hydroxy or halogeno group.
The compounds of the present invention are useful as intermediates for
the preparation of substances having therapeutic activity.
The present invention also includes a process for the preparation of
the compounds of the present invention wherein a Schiff's base of the
general formula :-
where w is an integer of from 0 to 2 inclusive; the meaning given
above, or of the general x and y may be the same or different and are
formula :- integers of from 1 to 3 inclusive, and R has
where wl is an integer of from 1 to 3 inclusive; xl and yl may be the
same or different and are integers of from 0 to 2 inclusive, and R has
the meaning given above, is subjected to reduction.
The reduction may be effected. by means of hydrogen in the presence of
a hydrogenation catalyst such as platinum, palladium or Raney nickel,
at a pressure between atmospheric pressure and 1350 lbs. per square
inch. The catalytic reduction is carried out with the

Schiff's base in solution in an organic solvent such as an aliphatic
alcohol, benzene, pyridine or acetic acid. The solvent is selected for
its ability to dissolve the compound to be reduced and in those cases
where the preferred solvent is relatively non-polar, the polarity of
the system may be advantageously increased by the addition of a second
solvent which is more polar than and miscible with the first. The
reduction may also be effected by means of sodium and a lower
aliphatic alcohol or by other known methods.
The Schiff's base may be prepared by the reaction of a compound of the
general formula :-
where w is an integer of from 0 to 2 inclusive and R has the meaning
given above, with a compound of the general formula :-
where x and y are the same or different and are each integers of from
1 to 3 inclusive, or by the reaction of a compound of the general
formula :-
where wl is an integer of from 1 to 3 inclusive and R has the meaning
given above, with a compound of the general formula :-
where xl and yl are the same or different and are each integers of
from 0 to 2 inclusive.
This reaction is preferably carried out by heating a mixture of the
two reactants or by refluxing the mixture in the presence of an
organic solvent such as an anhydrous lower aliphatic alcohol or
benzene, for a period of half-an-hour to three hours.
The following examples illustrate the invention :-
EXAMPLE 1.
Preparation of N. Nl-dibenzyl-p-xylylene-
diamine dihydrochloride.
5.0 Gm. of terephthaldehyde and 9.1 gm. of benzylamine were refluxed
together in 30 ml. of absolute ethanol for two hours. The precipitate
obtained on cooling was filtered off and crystallised from absolute
ethanol. The resulting crystalline substance (melting point 104105 C.)
was dissolved in 350 ml. of a mixture of six parts of absolute ethanol
and one part of benzene and reduced over Adams platinum catalyst (0.5
gm.) under a pressure of 750 lbs. per square inch of hydrogen. The
uptake of hydrogen ceased after ten minutes.
The solution was then filtered to remove the catalyst and the nitrate
evaporated to dryness.
The residual pale yellow oil which solidifie on standing was
crystallised from water to give fawn coloured crystals of N.
N'-dibenzyl-p- xylylene-diamine. Melting point 4851 C.

This compound was dissolved in ethanol and treated with dry hydrogen
chloride and the precipitate recrystallised from water. The product
consisted of white crystals. Melting point > 384 C.
EXAMPLE 2.
Preparation of N. Nl-dibenzyl-p-xylylene
diamine diacetate.
1.0 Gm. of N. Nl-dibenzyl-p-xylylene- diamine, prepared as described
in Example 1, was dissolved in 10 ml. of absolute ethanol and 0. 76
gm. of glacial acetic acid was added. The resulting white precipitate
was removed by filtration and crystallised from absolute ethanol. The
product was a white crystalline substance. Melting point 162-163 C.
EXAMPLE 3.
Preparation of N. Nl-bis-(ss-phenylethyl)-p-
xylylene-diamine.
6. 0 Gm. of ss-phenylethylamine and 3.0 gm. of terephthaldehyde were
refluxed together in 100 mL of absolute ethanol for one hour.
The reaction mixture was allowed to cool, the precipitate collected by
filtration and crystallised from absolute ethanol. The product, which
was a white crystalline solid having a melting point of 123124 C., was
dissolved in 300 ml. of a mixture of five parts of absolute ethanol
and one part of benzene and reduced over Adams platinum catalyst (0.25
gm.) at room temperature, under an initial pressure of 1350 lbs. per
square inch of hydrogen. The uptake of hydrogen ceased after ninety
minutes. The solution was then filtered to remove the catalyst and the
filtrate evaporated to dryness. The residue was crystallised from
water, the product being a white crystalline solid. Melting point 6465
C.
EXAMPLE 4.
Preparation of N. Nl-bis-(ss-phenylethyl)-p-
xylylene-diamine dihydrochloride.
1. 0 Gm. of N. Nl-bis-(ss-phenylethyl)-pk xylylene-diamine, prepared
as described in
Example 3, was dissolved in 25 ml. of absolute ethanol and ethanolic
hydrogen chloride added. The resulting precipitate, a white
crystalline solid, was collected by filtration. Melting point > 380 C.
EXAMPLE 5.
Preparation of N. Nl-bis-(B-phenylethyl)-p-
xylylene-diamine diacetate.
1.0 Gm. of N. Nl-bis-(ss-phenylethyl)-p- xylylene-diamine prepared as
described in
Example 3, was dissolved in 25 ml. of absolute ethanol and an excess
of glacial acetic acid added. The resulting precipitate was collected
by filtration and crystallised from absolute ethanol. The product was
a white crystalline solid, Melting point 144-145 C.

EXAMPLE 6.
Preparation of N. Nl-bis- (p-methylbenzyl)-p-
xylylene-diamine.
6.1 Gm. of p-methylbenzylamine and 3.3 gm. of terephthaldehyde, were
refluxed together in 50 ml. of absolute ethanol for one hour. The
precipitate obtained on cooling was collected by filtration. 9.0 Gm.
of the resulting crystalline substance (melting point 146147 C.) was
dissolved in 250 ml. of a mixture of equal parts of benzene and
absolute ethanol and reduced over Adams platinum catalyst (0. 25 gm.)
at room temperature, under an initial pressure of 700 lbs. per square
inch of hydrogen. When the uptake of hydrogen had ceased, the solution
was filtered to remove the catalyst, the filtrate was evaporated to
dryness and the residue was crystallised from aqueous ethanol. The
product was a white crystalline solid and had a melting point of 6365
C.
EXAMPLE 7.
Preparation of N. Nl-bis-(p-methylbenzyl)-p-
xylylene-diamine diacetate.
5. 4 Gm. of N. Nl-bis- (p-methylbenzyl)-p xylylene-diamine, prepared
as described in
Example 6, was dissolved in 30 mI. of warm absolute ethanol and 2 ml.
of glacial acetic acid was added. The solution was cooled and the
resulting precipitate collected by filtration. The product was a white
crystalline solid, melting point 169-171 C.
EXAMPLE 8.
Preparation of N Nl-bis-(p-methylbenzyl)-p-
2.0 Gm. of N. Nl-bis-(p-methylbenzyl)-p- xylylene-diamine, prepared as
described in
Example 6, was dissolved in 30 ml. of absolute ethanol and an excess
of alcoholic hydrogen chloride was added. The resulting precipitate
was collected by filtration and crystallised from water to give a fine
white powder, melting point > 360 C.
EXAMPLE. 9.
Preparation of N. Nl-bis-(^y-phenylwn- propyl)-p-xylylene-diamine.
5. 0 Gm. of 1/-phenyl-epropylamine and 2.5 gm. of terephthaldehyde
were refluxed together in 125 ml. of benzene for three hours, and the
water produced in the reaction was entrained. The solution was then
evaporated to dryness to give a solid which after crystallisation from
ethanol had a melting point of 82-83 C. 5. 4 Gm. of the product was
dissolved in 200 MI. of absolute ethanol and reduced over Adams
platinum catalyst (0.25 gm.), at room temperature, under an initial
pressure of 720 lbs. per square inch of hydrogen. After the uptake of
hydrogen had ceased, the solution was filtered to remove the catalyst

and the solvent removed from the filtrate by evaporation. The product
was an orange coloured oil.
EXAMPLE 10.
Preparation of N. Nl-bis-(y-phenyl-n-propyl)-
p-xylylene-diamine dihydrochloride.
4.0 Gm of N. Nl-bis-(7-phenyl-n-propyl)-p- xylylene-diamine was
dissolved in 50 ml. of absolute ethanol and an excess of alcoholic
hydrogen chloride was added. The resulting precipitate was collected
by filtration and crystallised from water to give a white crystalline
product having a melting point > 360 C.
EXAMPLE 11.
Preparation of N. N'-bis- (y-phenyl-n-propyl)-
p-xylylene-diamine diacetate.
1.0 Gm. of N. N-bis- ('y-phenyl-K-propyl)- p-xylylene-diamine was
dissolved in 50 ml. of absolute ethanol and an excess of glacial
acetic acid was added. The resulting precipitate was collected by
filtration and crystallised from benzene to give a product consisting
of white crystals. Melting point 130 C.
EXAMPLE 12.
Preparation of assl-dibenzylamino-4-ethyl~
toluene.
6. 4 Gm. of a. ssl-diamino-4-ethyl-toluenel and 9.6 gm. of
benzaldehyde were refluxed together in 100 ml. of absolute ethanol,
for one hour. The solutions obtained from two such experiments were
mixed and then shaken at room temperature with Adams platinum catalyst
(0. 25 gm.) under an initial pressure of 930 lbs. per square inch of
hydrogen. When the uptake of hydrogen had ceased, the solution was
filtered to remove the catalyst, and the solvent was removed from the
filtrate by evaporation. The product was an orange coloured oil.
EXAMPLE 13.
Preparation of a. ssl-dibenzylamino-4-ethyl-
toluene dihydrochloride.
0. 5 Gm. of a. ssl-dibenzylamino-4-ethyl- toluene was dissolved in 30
ml. of absolute ethanol and an excess of alcoholic hydrogen chloride
was added. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration and
crystallised from water. The product was an amorphous solid. (Melting
point > 360 C.).
EXAMPLE 14.
Preparation of et. ssl-dibenzylamino-4-ethyl-
toluene diacetate.
24.5 Gm. of ct. -dibenzylamino-4-ethyl- toluene was dissolved in 100
ml. of absolute ethanol, 12 ml. of glacial acetic acid was added and
the mixture was refluxed for five minutes. The solid which separated
on cooling was collected by filtration, crystallised from benzene and

recrystallised from a mixture of ethanol and ether. The product, a
white crystalline solid, had a melting point of 131.5-132 C.
EXAMPLE 15.
Preparation of 81-bis- (p-methyl-benzylamino)-4-ethyl-toluene.
5.0 Gm. of assl-diamino-4-ethyl-toluene and 8.0 gm. of p-tolualdehyde
were refluxed together in 25 ml. of absolute ethanol for two
hours. After cooling, the resulting precipitate
was collected by filtration and crystallised
from absolute ethanol. 12 Gm. of the product,
a white crystalline substance (melting point
104105 C.) was dissolved in 100 ml. of a
mixture of three parts of benzene and seven
parts of absolute ethanol, and reduced over
Adams platinum catalyst (0.25 gm.) at room
temperature, under an initial pressure of 825
lbs. per square inch of hydrogen. When the
uptake of hydrogen had ceased, the solution
was filtered to remove the catalyst and the
solvent removed from the filtrate by evapora
tion. The product was an orange coloured oil.
EXAMPLE 16.
Preparation of a. ssl-bis-(p-methyl-benzyl~
amino)-4-ethyl-toluene diacetate.
11 Gm. of c-bis- (p-methyl-benzylamino)-
4-ethyl-toluene was dissolved in 50 ml. of
absolute ethanol and 4 ml. of glacial acetic
acid was added. The mixture was warmed, an
excess of acetone was added, and the mixture allowed to cool. The
resulting precipitate was
collected by filtration and crystallised from a
mixture of acetone and ethanol. The product,
a white granular solid, had a melting point of 152153 G
EXAMPLE 17.
Preparation of . ssl-bis-(p-methoxy-benzyl~
amino)-4-ethyl-toluene.
2.5 Gm. of K./-diamino-4-ethyl-toluene
and 4 gm. of anisaldehyde were refluxed
together in 15 ml. of absolute ethanol for two
hours. The mixture was cooled, the resulting
precipitate was collected by filtration and
crystallised from a mixture of petroleum ether
and alcohol. 2.5 Gm. of the product (melting
point 83-84 C.) was dissolved in 100 ml.
of absolute ethanol and reduced over Adams

platinum catalyst (0.25 gm.) at room tem
perature, under an initial pressure of 680 lbs.
per square inch of hydrogen. When the uptake
of hydrogen had ceased, the catalyst was re
moved by filtration and the solvent removed
from the filtrate by evaporation. The product
was a green coloured oil.
EXAMPLE 18.
Preparation of a. ssl bis-@-methoxy-benzyl-
amino)-4-ethyl-toluene diacetate.
2.4 Gm. of a. ssl-bis-(p-methoxy-benzyl-
amino)-4-ethyl-toluene was dissolved in 100
ml. of absolute ethanol and 2 ml. of glacial
acetic acid was added. The resulting solution
was evaporated to dryness to give a solid which
was crystallised from ethyl acetate. The
product was a white crystalline substance.
Melting point 138 C.
EXAMPLE 19.
Preparation of ss. ssl-dibenzylamino-1, 4-diethyl
benzene diacetate.
6.5 Gm. of ss. ss'-diamino-1, 4-diethyl-
benzene and 9.8 gm. of benzaldehyde were
refluxed together in 200 ml. of benzene for
two hours, and the water produced in the
reaction was entrained. The solution was then evaporated to dryness to
give a solid which, after crystallisation from ethanol, had a melting
point of 113-114 C. 8.4 Gm. of this compound was dissolved in a
mixture of 40 ml. glacial acetic acid and 200 ml. of absolute ethanol
and reduced over Adams platinum catalyst (0. 25 gm.) at room
temperature, under an initial pressure of 630 lbs. per square inch of
hydrogen. When the uptake of hydrogen had ceased, the solution was
filtered to remove the catalyst, and the alcohol removed from the
filtrate by evaporation. The acetic acid was then removed by
azeotropic distillation with benzene to give a solid which was
crystallised from a mixture of benzene and acetone. The product was a
white crystalline solid. Melting point 154-155 C.
EXAMPLE20.
Preparation of ss. yl-bis-(dibenzylamino)-4-
ethyl-n-propyl-benzene dihydrochloride.
3.3 Gm. of ss. yl-diamino-4-ethyl-n-propyl- benzene and 4 gm. of
benzaldehyde were dissolved in 40 ml. of benzene and 2 ml. of absolute
ethanol and allowed to stand at room temperature for two days. The
solution was then evaporated to dryness to give an orange coloured

oil. 6.7 Gm. of this compound was dissolved in 200 ml. of absolute
ethanol and reduced over Adams platinum catalyst (0.25 gm.) at room
temperature under an initial pressure of 720 lbs per square inch of
hydrogen. When the uptake of hydrogen had ceased, the solvent was
removed by evaporation to give an orange coloured oil. This compound
was dissolved in ether and an excess of alcoholic hydrogen chloride
was added. The resulting precipitate was extracted with boiling
absolute ethanol and the residue was crystallised from aqueous
acetone. The product was a white crystalline substance, melting point
307 -308 C.
EXAMPLE 21.
Preparation of N. NI-bis-(p-chlorobenzyl)-p-
2.5 Gm. of p-chlorobenzylamine and 4.5 gm. of terephthaldehyde were
refluxed together in 100 ml. of absolute ethanol for thirty minutes.
The solution was filtered hot and allowed to cool. The precipitate
which formed on cooling was collected by filtration and crystallised
from absolute ethanol. 0.6 Gm. of the product, which consisted of
white needles, (melting point 152153 G.) was dissolved in 150 ml. of a
mixture of one part benzene to four parts of absolute ethanol and
reduced over
Adams platinum catalyst (0.1 gm.) at room temperature, under an
initial pressure of 750 lbs. per square inch of hydrogen. After ninety
minutes, the solution was filtered to remove the catalyst, and the
solvent removed from the filtrate by evaporation. The product, a
yellow coloured oil, was dissolved in absolute ethanol and an excess
of alcoholic hydrogen chloride was added. The warm reaction mixture
was filtered and the precipitate dried. The product which was a white
amorphous solid sintered at 340 C.
EXAMPLE 22.
(a) Preparation of N, Nl-bis-(p-hydroxybenzyl)-
p-xylylenediamine.
2.9 Gm. of p-xylylenediamine and 5. 2 gm. of p-hydroxy-benzaldehyde
were refluxed together in 50 ml. of absolute ethanol for 90 minutes
and the reaction mixture allowed to stand overnight. The resulting
precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with absolute ethanol
and dried. The product, N, NI-bis
(phydroxy-benzylidene)-p-xylylenediamine consisted of fawn coloured
crystals which decomposed at 240241 (:. 1.8 Gm. of this substance was
dissolved in 50 ml. o dimethyl formamide and reduced over Adams
platinum catalyst (0.25 gm.) at room temperature, under an initial
pressure of 225 lbs. per square inch of hydrogen. When the uptake of
hydrogen had ceased, the solution was filtered to remove the catalyst
and the solvent was removed from the filtrate by distillation. The

product was a redcoloured oil.
(b) Preparation of N, Nl-bis-(pyhydroxybenzyl)-
p-xylylenediamine diacetate.
1.0 Gm. of NNI-bis- (p-hydroxybenzyl)-p- xylylenediamine, prepared as
in (a) above, was dissolved in 50 ml. of absolute ethanol and 0.5 ml.
of glacial acetic acid was added. The solid which precipitated on
standing was collected by filtration. The product consisted of
colourless crystals. Melting point 184-185 C.
(c) Preparation of N, Nl-bis-(p-hydroxybenzyl)-
p-xylylenediamine dihydrochloride.
0.5 Gm. of N, Nl-bis-(p-hydroxybenzyl)-p- xylylenediamine, prepared as
in (a) above, was dissolved in 25 ml. of absolute ethanol and an
excess of ethanolic hydrogen chloride was added. The precipitate which
formed immediately was collected by filtration, washed with acetone
and dried. The product was a fawncoloured amorphous solid. Melting
point greater than 360 C.
What we claim is:
1. Bases of the general formula :
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* GB786216 (A)
Description: GB786216 (A) ? 1957-11-13
Safety razor
PATENT S PE CI FI CA TO N L <
7865216 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: April

4, 1955.
No 9724/55.
Application made in United States of America on April 26, 1954.
Complete Specification Published: Nov 13, 1957.
Acceptance:-Class 30, C( 3 A 3 B 1 A: 3 D 2: 3 E: 413: 6 A: 6 83 B: 6
C).
International Classification:-B 26 b.
SPECIF'ICATION NO 78 e,216 By a direction Eiven under Section 17 ( 1)
of the Patents Act 1949 this tion proceeded In the name of Eversharp,
Inc, a corporation organised and under the laws of the State of
Delaware, United States of America, of 350, Avenue, N Zew York, State
of Ni"e, York, United States of America.
ME PATENT OFDIE, loth January, 1958 applicaex Istin,, Fifth DB 018631
i( 7) /626 150 1/58 R 1111 b Allyll Lixill 1 klat DO Dtmt 1-VXD L O
the type used in combination with a magazine, the razor and magazine
being separable, however having co-acting parts for not only
positioning the parts for the loading operation but which parts have
an additional function in enlarging the blade channel of the razor to
enable a blade to be easily and smoothly fed into the razor from the
magazine and at the same time, ensuring that the cutting edge of the
blade will travel free.
When it is desired to wash the lather and hair particles from the
blade of a razor of this type either during or between shaves
difficulty is usually experienced in clearing the blade because of the
close fit of the blade in the head of the razor between the cap and
the seat, and if the blade is removed by hand from the head it is not
only dangerous to handle but difficult if not impossible to replace.
The object of the present invention is to provide an improved razor of
the type referred to in which the blade can be quickly and easily
rendered accessible for washing either during or between shaves while
remaining locked with respect to the head of the razor, which added
feature will not interfere in any way with the insertion of a new
blade or the ejection of the used one by means of the usual
blade-changing mechanism.
lPrice 3 s 6 d l shaving, means within the razor for separating the
cap and seat to unclamp the blade to permit of a limited movement
thereof between the cap and seat and for bringing the cap and seat
together again to reclamp the blade, and means for loosely engaging
the blade to lock the same against removal when the cap and seat are
separated and for releasing the blade when the cap and seat are
brought together again.
A preferred embodiment of the invention is presented herein by way of
exemplification but it will of course be appreciated that the

invention is susceptible of incorporation in other structurally
modified forms coming equally within the scope of the appended claims.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig 1 is a side view of a razor constructed in accordance with the
invention; Fig 2 is a front view of the razor; Fig 3 is a rear view of
the same; Fig 4 is a top view of a blade suitable for use in the
razor; Fig 5 is a side view of a blade magazine suitable for use in
inserting new blades into the razor; Fig 6 is a vertical sectional
view through the razor in its closed blade clamping position; Fig 7 is
a similar view through the razor in its open blade washing position;
,'I 1 PATENT SPECIFICATION 786,2
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: April 4, 1955.
No 9724/55.
Application made in United States of America on April 26, 1954.
Index at Acceptance:-Class 30, C( 3 A: 31 81 A: 3 D 2: 3 E: 41: 6 A: 6
831 B: 6 C).
International Classification:-B 26 b.
Safety razor We, CARL GEORGE PREIS and LEOPOLD KARL Ku IHNL, citizens
of the United States of America, of P O Box 36, Seffner, State of
Florida (formerly of 60 Greenway South, Forest Hills, State of New
York), and 44 Lawlor Terrace, Stratford, State of Connecticut,
respectively, United States of America, do hereby declare the
invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to safety razors of the type used in
combination with a magazine, the razor and magazine being separable,
however having co-acting parts for not only positioning the parts for
the loading operation but which parts have an additional function in
enlarging the blade channel of the razor to enable a blade to be
easily and smoothly fed into the razor from the magazine and at the
same time, ensuring that the cutting edge of the blade will travel
free.
When it is desired to wash the lather and hair particles from the
blade of a razor of this type either during or between shaves
difficulty is usually experienced in clearing the blade because of the
close fit of the blade in the head of the razor between the cap and
the seat, and if the blade is removed by hand from the head it is not
only dangerous to handle but difficult if not impossible to replace.
The object of the present invention is to provide an improved razor of
the type referred to in which the blade can be quickly and easily
rendered accessible for washing either during or between shaves while

remaining locked with respect to the head of the razor, which added
feature will not interfere in any way with the insertion of a new
blade or the ejection of the used one by means of the usual
blade-changing mechanism.
lPrice 3 s 6 d l While the foregoing statements are indicative in a
general way of the nature of the invention, other more specific
objects and advantages will be apparent to those skilled in the art
upon a full understanding of the construction and operation of the
novel means provided for rendering the blade accessible for washing.
With the above and other objects in view, this invention accordingly
consists in a safety razor of the type described, comprising a blade
cap and a blade seat between which a blade is adapted to be fed from
the magazine and clamped in position for shaving, means within the
razor for separating the cap and seat to unclamp the blade to permit
of a limited movement thereof between the cap and seat and for
bringing the cap and seat together again to reclamp the blade, and
means for loosely engaging the blade to lock the same against removal
when the cap and seat are separated and for releasing the blade when
the cap and seat are brought together again.
A preferred embodiment of the invention is presented herein by way of
exemplification but it will of course be appreciated that the
invention is susceptible of incorporation in other structurally
modified forms coming equally within the scope of the appended claims.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig 1 is a side view of a razor constructed in accordance with the
invention, Fig 2 is a front view of the razor; Fig 3 is a rear view of
the same; Fig 4 is a top view of a blade suitable for use in the
razor; Fig 5 is a side view of a blade magazine suitable for use in
inserting new blades into the razor; Fig 6 is a vertical sectional
view through the razor in its closed blade clamping position; Fig 7 is
a similar view through the razor in its open blade washing position; E
7 Fig 8 is a similar view through the razor in its partially closed
position; Fig 9 is a perspective view of the various parts which make
up the head of the razor; andFig 10 is a fragmentary sectional view
through the cap of the razor.
As will be observed in the drawings, the new razor includes a handle
10 of suitable 1 o form and a head 11 in which a blade 12 is adapted
to be positioned for shaving.
The head 11 of the razor includes a substantially rigid main frame 13
The lower portion of the frame 13 extends downwardly into a
complementary slot 14 in the upper end of the handle 10, where it is
fixedly secured to the handle by a rivet 15, while the upper portion
of the frame 13 is curved forwardly at 16 and terminates in a narrow
forwardly and downwardly projecting flange 17, which flange

constitutes the cap or cover against which the blade 12 is adapted to
be clamped The cap 17 covers the rear portion only of the blade 12,
leaving the cutting edge 18 of the blade exposed.
Immediately beneath and behind the cap 17 the frame 13 is provided
with a flat section 19, which section forms the rear stationary wall
of an expansible channel 20 in which the positioning key 21 of the
usual blade magazine 22 is adapted to be inserted.
The bottom of the channel 20 is formed by two forwardly and upwardly
turned ears 23 at the ends of the section 19 Below the section 19 the
frame 13 is abruptly reduced in width and tapers downwardly into the
handle 10 The side edges of the tapered portion of the frame 13 are
provided with narrow forwardly turned edge flanges 24, which flanges
are bevelled off at their upper ends.
In front of the frame 13 the head 11 of the razor is provided with a
forwardly and downwardly shiftable plate 25 of generally L-shaped
cross section The upper portion of the plate 25 consists of a flat
forwardly projecting flange 26, which flange underlies the cap 17 on
the frame 13 and constitutes the seat for the blade 12 The seat 26
terminates at its front edge in a downwardly curved longitudinally
serrated formation 27, which formation constitutes the guard rail for
the blade on the seat Behind the guard rail 27 the seat 26 is provided
with a clearance opening 28.
Immediately beneath and behind the seat 26 the plate 25 is provided
with a flat section 29, which section is disposed in forwardly spaced
relation to the flat section 19 of the frame and forms the front
forwardly shiftable wall of the expansible channel 20 for the key 21
of the blade magazine Below the flat section 29 the plate 25
terminates in two laterally spaced downwardly tapering end portions
30, which portions are located between the upper ends of the edge
flanges 24 on the correspondingly tapered portion of the frame 13
Above and outwardly of the end portions 30, the ends of the flat 70
section 29 of the plate 25 present downwardly facing shoulders 31,
which shoulders overlie the bevelled upper ends of the edge flanges 24
on the frame 13 when the razor is in its closed position, which is the
position 75 shown in Fig 6.
The blade seat 26 on the plate 25 is provided adjacent its ends with
small upwardly projecting stops 32, which stops are adapted to engage
with the front edge 80 of the blade 12 close to the ends of the latter
The blade 12, when clamped in shaving position between the cap 17 and
the seat 26, is accurately positioned relative to the guard rail 27 on
the seat 26 by the 85 stops 32, which stops press the blade rearwardly
against a small centrally located forwardly projecting boss 33 on the
frame 13 at the rear edge of the underside of the cap 17 The seat 26,
which normally 90 assumes the blade clamping position shown in Fig 6,

is shiftable downwardly and forwardly from that position into the
position shown in Fig 7.
The seat 26 is resiliently held in its blade 95 clamping position by a
main spring 34 acting as a seat-supporting member which is located in
front of the frame 13 The plate 25, which carries the seat 26, is
loosely mounted on the upper end of the spring 34, 100 and the upper
end of the spring 34 is movable, with the plate 25, toward and away
from the flat section 19 of the frame 13.
When the spring 34 is moved toward the frame it acts to close the head
of the razor o O s and clamp the seat 26 upwardly and rearwardly
against the cap 17 on the interposed blade 12, as shown in Fig 6,
whereas when the spring 34 is moved away from the frame it acts to
open the head of the razor and i 1 permit the seat 26 to drop
downwardly and forwardly, as shown in Fig 7.
The lower portion 35 of the spring 34 tapers downwardly like the lower
portion of the frame 13 and fits between the 115 inturned edge flanges
24 on the frame in a position just below that assumed by the laterally
spaced lower end portions 30 of the plate 25 The spring 34 is hingedly
connected with the frame 13 by small 120 trunnions 36 on the lower end
of the spring, which trunnions pass through bearing apertures 37
provided in the edge flanges 24 on the frame This hinge connection
permits the upper portion 38 of the spring 34 to 125 move bodily
toward and away from the frame 13.
The upper portion 38 of the spring 34 is abruptly reduced in width
just below the lower edges of the end portions 30 of the 130 786,216
of the nose first forcing the spring rearwardly and then flexing it in
its rearward position.
The rearward movement of the spring 34 by the compression lever 44
serves to move 70 the blade seat 26 rearwardly, while the final
movement and flexure of the spring 34 by the compression lever 44
serves to resiliently clamp the seat 26 both upwardly and rearwardly
against the overlying cap 17, thereby 75 at the same time clamping the
interposed blade between the laterally spaced front stops 32 on the
seat and the boss 33 at the back of the cap 17.
The lift lever 43 when pressed down not 80 only operates the
underlying compression lever 44 to force the spring 34 toward the
frame 13, but during the forepart of its downward movement serves to
raise the then lowered seat 26 from the wide open blade 85 locking
position shown in Fig 7 to the raised but still unclamped intermediate
position shown in Fig 8 This is accomplished by engagement of the
inner end 54 of the lift lever 43 with the lower end of a 90 tongue
55, which tongue extends downwardly from the center of the flat
section 29 of the plate 25 on which the seat 26 is mounted and
projects downwardly and forwardly at an angle through the previously

95 mentioned slot 48 in the spring 34 The tongue 55 is provided at its
lower end with a reversely bent foot 56, which foot is located
directly above the inner end 54 of the lift lever 43 100 When the head
11 of the razor is in its open blade locking position, as shown in Fig
7, downward pressure on a finger piece formed by the then forwardly
projecting outer end 57 of the lift lever 43 will rock 105 the lift
lever on the then forwardly projecting compression lever 44, from the
position shown in Fig 7 to that shown in Fig 8.
This preliminary movement of the lift lever 43 will bodily lift the
tongue 56, and 110 consequently the seat 26, from the position shown
in Fig 7 to one approximating that shown in Fig 8.
Further downward movement of the outer end 57 of the lift lever 43
will cause the 115 same to bottom at 58 on the outer end of the
compression lever 44, after which the compression lever 44 will swing
downwardly as a unit with the lift lever, the -inner end 54 of the
lift lever riding freely 120 out from under the then fully elevated
foot 56 on the tongue 55 Continued downward movement of both levers,
with the seat 26 raised, will then first move the spring 34 rearwardly
and thereafter flex it, with the 125 seat 26 properly positioned and
clamped against the blade 12 in readiness for shaving.
In the closed or shaving position of the head 11, the rearward
movement and flexing of the spring 34 during the closing of the head
130 plate 25 and extends upwardly through a narrow laterally elongated
slot 39 in the rear portion of the seat 26 At its upper end the upper
portion 38 of the spring terminates in two small laterally spaced
upwardly projecting prongs 40, which prongs track within shallow
grooves 41 in the underside of the cap 17 when the upper portion 38 of
the spring 34 is in its forward position, which is the position shown
in Fig 7 When the upper portion 38 of the spring 34 is moved
rearwardly, however, from the position shown in Fig 7 to that shown in
Fig 6, the prongs 40 on the upper portion of the spring will retract
from the underside of the cap 17 a distance somewhat greater than the
thickness of the blade 12.
The blade 12 is provided with laterally spaced holes 42, which are
slightly larger than the prongs 40, and the prongs 40 extend through
the holes 42 in loosely but securely interlocked engagement with the
blade when the spring is in its forward position.
The head 11 of the razor is opened and closed by means of a small
lever 43 which is conveniently located at the front of the razor just
below the head When the lever 43 is flipped up, from the vertical
position shown in Fig 6 to the horizontal position shown in Fig 7, the
head 11 will open, and when the lever 43 is pressed down again, into
the position shown in Fig 6, the head 11 will close.
The lever 43, which will be referred to as the lift lever, is

pivotally mounted intermediate its ends on the free end of a second
underlying lever 44, by means of a pin 45, and this second lever 44,
which will be referred to as the compression lever, is pivotally
mounted at its other end on the front end of a forwardly projecting
stud 46, by means of a pin 47 The stud 46 passes through the lower end
of a vertically elongated slot 48 in the spring 34 at the center of
the latter and through a small aperture 49 in the frame 13 The stud 46
is provided at its rear end with a head 50 which engages with the back
of the frame 13 and locks the stud against forward movement.
The pivoted end of the compression lever 44 is provided with a
cam-shaped nose 51, which nose contacts and operates against the front
face of the spring 34 The nose 51 has a flattened low portion 52 and a
flattened high portion 53 When the head 11 of the razor is in its open
position, as shown in Fig 7, the spring 34 is permitted by the low
portion 52 of the nose to assume its forwardly swung position, whereas
when the head 11 is in its closed position, as shown in Fig 6, the
spring 34 is held flexed in its rearwardly swung position by the high
portion 53 of the nose, the high portion 53 786,216 will act to
retract the locking prongs 40 from the holes 42 in the blade 12 and
move them into a position even with or just below the upper face of
the seat 26, as shown in Fig 6, the withdrawal of the prongs being due
in part to the angular disposition of the cap 17 relative to the
pivotal axis 36 of the spring 34 and also in part to the shortening of
the spring 34 resulting from its flexure.
When the lift lever 43 is flipped up and moves from the position shown
in Fig 6 to that shown in Fig 7, the spring 34 will unflex and swing
forwardly, causing the prongs 40 to be projected into the holes 42 in
the blade 12 At the same time, the forward movement of the spring 34
will release the plate 25 on which the seat 26 is mounted and will
permit the seat to drop down into the position shown in Fig 7, leaving
the blade loosely but securely locked on the prongs 40, in which
position the blade can be easily and thoroughly washed on both sides
by holding the opened head 11 under a stream of water To insure the
spring 34 moving forwardly as far as it will go into a position
wherein the prongs reach the forward ends of the grooves 41 in the
underside of the cap 17, a light bowed leaf spring 59 is preferably
positioned between the main spring 34 and the frame 13, astraddle the
stud 46 In the closed position of the razor this small spring 59 is
collapsed flatly between the main spring 34 and the frame 13, as shown
in Fig 6.
When the seat 26 drops down into the position shown in Fig 7 the rear
portion of the blade 12 will be held in an elevated position relative
to the rear portion of the seat by reason of its engagement with the
horizontal upper edge 60 of the spring 34.

After the head 11 of the razor has been closed the prongs 40 will no
longer interlock with the holes 42 in the blade 12 and the blade can
be changed in the usual manner, by inserting the key 21 of the
magazine 22 in the channel 20.
When the key 21 is inserted in the channel 20 it will act to pry the
front wall 29 of the channel forwardly against the resistance offered
by the main spring 34, thereby moving the seat 26 forwardly far enough
to withdraw the stops 32 from engagement with the front edge of the
blade.
With the seat 26 in its forward position, a new blade can be fed
endwise from the magazine 22 between the cap 17 and the seat 26, which
new blade will at the same time push the used blade out.
The end of the plate 25 against which the magazine 22 is pressed is
provided with a downwardly and outwardly inclined wing portion 61 for
camming coaction with the usual embossment 62 on the key 21 of the
magazine, and the other end of the plate 25 is also provided with a
similar wing portion.
These two wing portions 61 assist in guiding the plate 25 in its
movement between the positions shown in Figs 6 and 7.
The locking holes 42 in the blade 12 have nothing to do with the
registration which is effected between the front edge of the blade and
the guard rail 27, this being done entirely by the front stops 32 and
the rear boss 33 The holes 42 are so located in the blade as to become
hooked on the moving prongs 40 as the latter travel upwardly and
forvardly relative to the cap 17, and the holes 42 are therefore
somewhat larger in size than the prongs 40.
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* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB786217 (A)
Description: GB786217 (A) ? 1957-11-13
Food product and method of making same

786217 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: April
28, 1955.
No 12312/555.
Index at acceptance:-Class 49, B 1 (F: J: W).
International Classification:-A 231.
Food Product and method of making same I, DIETZ NEWLAND, a citizen of
the United States of America, of 1512 Mount Vernon Avenue, Cedar
Rapids, Iowa, United 'States of America, do hereby declare the
invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and.
by the following statement: -
This invention relates to a coated food product and a process for
making same.
Various food combinations have been developed, but it has been my
observation that the present-day market does not include a full meal
which may 'be served as a single item.
The present invention therefore sets out to provide such an item of
food and a process for making it.
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a food
product comprising an edible meat base and a coating of precooked
potato formed about said edible meat base.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a
process for making a food product comprising the steps of dipping an
edible meat base in a batter and cooking it so as to form' a rough
surface on the edible meat base, preparing a thick edible coating of
precooked potatoes, blending said potatoes to form a homogeneous mass
and coating said prepared edible meat base with said homogeneous mass.
The invention will now be described by way of example with reference
to the accompanying drawings in which:Figure 1 is a low diagram of a
process according to this invention; Figure 21 is a flow diagram of a
modification of the invention; and Figure 3 ' is a partially cut-away
drawing of the product according to the process of this invention.
Figure 3 illustrates a particular product that may be made according
to the principle of this invention and comprises a 'base material 12
made of meat, and which might, in fact, comprise a wiener.
A stick or handle 131 may be inserted in one end of the wiener 12 to

provide suitable lPl handle It is to be realized: of course, that the
stick 13 ' need not be used.
The wiener 12 is coated by a suitable roughening layer 11 which might
comprise a batter of mill, 'eggs and flour.
Substantially covering the wiener is a coating of potato.
The finished product, when served, comprises a substantially complete
meal, As an item of commerce it may be frozen and distributed, and
later reheated.
Figure 1 discloses, a process for making the product shown in, Figure
3 and it is to be noted that the left side of the diagram illustrates
a first step wherein a meat base, such as ham, hamburger, wieners,
sausages, etc is selected'.
For purposes of illustration herein, a wiener will be used, but it is
to be realized that numerous other meat bases may be utilized in this
process.
Wieners have a generally non-adherent surface which makes it difficult
to apply a thick coating of material, such as potatoes For this
reason, a precooking preparation is included and comprises, coating
the wiener with a thin adhesive coating comprising a batter which
might be made, for example, from milk, eggs and flour The dipped
wiener is then cooked for a short time so as to harden the thin
coating of batter which forms a rough surface, and to which the mashed
potato may be attached.
A finishing step is next accomplished where the meat may be cooled or
the sticks 13 may be inserted'.
The right portion of the flow-diagram illustrates the preparation of
the potato It will' be noted that the potatoes, are prepared for
cooking, which preparation might comprise peeling, washing and
cutting.
The next step is to cook the potatoes which may be accomplished in
deep fat 'by frying them until all of the water is removed Cooking
should not continue beyond this point.
The next step' is to 'blend the cooked potatoes by grinding, mashing,
or breaking them up and blending seasoning, such as salt and pepper,
therewith.
In the next step the processed potato and meat is joined to form the
product shown in Figure 3 The machine may be a press or may be a
machine constructed according to the requirements of this particular
product The potatoes may also be manually applied.
The finished product is fed from the machine where it may be packed
for future sale If desired, the finished product may be rolled in
cracker crumbs The product, thus formed, may later be browned in deep
fat just before eating.
Figure 2 illustrates a modification of this invention wherein the meat

is processed in the same manner as shown in Figure 1, but dehydrated
powdered potatoes are used These are prepared by grinding cooked
potatoes and then drying to a powder This material is blended with
suitable seasoning and liquid and formed about the meat by the
machine.
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* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB786218 (A)
Description: GB786218 (A) ? 1957-11-13
Improvements in or relating to voltage control devices
786,218 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: May 3,
1955.
No 12779155.
Application made in United States of America on May 13, 1954.
Index at Acceptance-Classes 38 ( 4), A 6 B, 'R( 4: 21 A 2: 67: 68),
and 40 ( 4), F 9 J.
International Classification:-GO 5 f H 02 j H 03 f.
Improvements in or relating to Voltage Control Devices.
We, WAGNER ELECTRIC CORPORATION, a conditions, the magnitude and
direction of corporation organised under the laws of the the adjusting
voltage being determined' by State of Delaware, United States of
America, the impedance values of the arms of the of 6400
Plymouith'Avenue, City of St Louis, bridge circuit; State of Missouri,
United States of America, At the present time, the output voltage of

50 -do hereby declare the invention, for which a transformer is
usually regulated by means we pray that a patent may be granted to us,
of a tap changing device associated with and the method by which it is
to be per either the primary or secondary windings of formed, to be
particularly described in and the transformer, or by varying the
impedance by the following statement: of a coil connected in one of
the supply 55
The present invention relates generally to leads or in the output
leads of the transthe voltage regulator art and more particu former,
larly to a novel voltage control device by The tap changing
construction has the diswhich the output voltage of a transfor
advantage that it requires numerous switches mer can be held constant
or can be varied which are subject to arcing, and wear and 60 in any
desired manner regardless of limited tear, and a rather complicated
mechnical variations of the supply voltage thereto, and control for
operating the switches It also which regulates said output
voltage-smoothly results in a stepwise regulation of the output and
practically instantaneously with _the voltage caused by abrupt changes
in -the demand therefor: connections of the, aforementioned corm 65
The present invention provides, a voltage ponent circuit parts
Furthermore, the best regulating-device inserted in one lead of a
available regulation employing tap changers pair of leads, for
connecting a power source is in the nature of A, ths of 1 % of normal,
to a load, comprising a Wheatstone type and the regulation is effected
only after the bridge circuit containing at least four reactors
controlled voltage has been at an abnormal 70 connected' together to
provide two sets of value i e, more than %, for an appreciable opposed
corners and two sets of opposed period of time.
reactors; means for impressing a voltage The construction employing a
variable across one set of corners; means connecting impedance
connected -in series with the supthe other corners in the one lead;
and means ply line -has the disadvantage, that the 75 for varying the
impedance of one or both voltage across the primary can never be sets
of reactors ' greater than the supply voltage.
Briefly, the present invention comprises a Therefore, one of the
objects of the control device in combination with a trans present
invention is to provide a voltage former, the control providing
variable com control device for use with a transformer 80 pensating or
adjusting voltage which is whereby, the output voltage of the
transsuperposed on either the input or the output former can be held
substantially constant voltage of the transformer so as to maintain or
changed to any desired value regardless the output voltage at the
desired value of changes in the supply voltage within preregardless of
changes in the supply voltage determined limits More particularly, it

is 85 within predetermined limits In the pre an object to provide such
a device in which ferred construction, the adjusting voltage is the
load voltage can be maintained constant developed in a bridge circuit
which includes within -A' of 1 % of normal when the input -four
saturable core reactors whose im voltage varies between 90 % and 110 %
of pedances are responsive to selected external normal 90 lPrice 3 s 6
d l Another object of the present invention is to provide a voltage
control device for regulating the output voltage of a transformer
without interrupting the normal flow of power either on the primary or
secondary side of the transformer More particularly, it is an object
to provide such a device whereby the controlled voltage is varied
smoothly as distinguished from " stepwise" or " increment " variation,
and whereby the variation is substantially instantaneous with the
demand therefor.
Further objects and advantages of the present invention will be
readily apparent from the following detailed description, reference
being had to the accompanying drawings wherein preferred embodiments
of the present invention are shown.
In the drawings:
Fig 1 is a schematic wiring diagram of the preferred circuit
construction in which a correcting winding is provided on the main
transformer core.
Fig 2 is a simplified schematic diagram of the circuit in Fig 1, in
which all four reactors are shown to be of substantially the same
size, thereby diagrammatically indicating that they have about the
same reactance value In this situation, the effective adjusting
voltage " e " is zero, and the supply voltage and the input voltage to
the transformer are substantially equal.
Fig 3 is a schematic diagram similar to Fig 2 but in which the
reactance values of two series connected reactors are unequal.
In this situation, the adjusting voltage " e" is bucking or opposing
the supply voltage.
Fig 4 is a schematic diagram similar to Fig 2 and Fig 3 but in which
the adjusting voltage " e " is shown diagrammatically as aiding the
supply voltage.
Fig 5 represents the same circuit components and connections as shown
in Fig 2 except the transformer core is shown in a vertical position.
Fig 6 is a first modified circuit construction, wherein the correcting
winding on the main transformer core (Fig I) is replaced by the
secondary winding of a separate or auxiliary transformer whose primary
winding is connected across the secondary leads of the main
transformer.
Fig 7 differs from Fig 6 in that the primary winding of the separate
or auxiliary transformer is connected across the supply line instead

of across the output leads of the main transformer.
Fig 8 is a further modified construction, wherein the adjusting
voltage is superposed on the output voltage, and the correcting
winding is wound around the core of the main transformer.
Fig 9 is another modification, in which the correcting winding is
located on a separate or auxiliary transformer and the primary winding
of the separate transformer is connected directly across the terminals
of the secondary winding of the main transformer ahead of the bridge
circuit.
Fig 10 is a modification of Fig 9 It 70 differs therefrom in that the
primary winding of the separate transformer is connected across the
secondary circuit of the main transformer on the load side of the
bridge circuit 75 Fig 11 is a vector diagram showing the voltage and
current conditions in the Wheatstone bridge when the load current is
in phase with the transformer voltage, and Figs 12 and 13 are vector
diagrams illus 80 trating how the adjusting voltage developed in the
bridge circuit adds vectorially to the supply voltage.
Referring to the drawings more particularly by reference numerals,
specifically Fig 85 1, the numeral 12 indicates a conventional power
transformer (shown schematically) which includes a secondary winding
14, two primary windings 16 and 18, and a correcting winding 20 shown
on the primary side 90 but which functions as another secondary, as
will be described more fully hereinafter.
Load leads 22 and 24 are connected to the secondary winding 14, and
supply leads 26 and 28 are connected to the primary 95 windings 16 and
18 The impressed supply voltage is indicated as V 1 and the secondary
voltage is indicated as V 2.
A network circuit 30 which controls the magnitude and direction, i e,
the phase rela 100 tion, of an adjusting voltage "e," comprises four
saturable core reactors 32, 34, 36, and 38 containing laminated iron
cores Each of the saturable reactors includes a DC winding and AC
winding In the description the 105
AC and DC windings will be referred to as 32 AC, 32 DC, 34 AC, 34 DC,
and so on.
The AC windings of the four reactors are connected together in a
so-called Wheatstone bridge circuit, the windings 38 AC and 110 32 AC
being connected together at a corner 40, the windings 32 AC and 34 AC
being connected together at a corner 42, the windings 34 AC and 36 AC
being connected together at a corner 44, and the windings 36 AC and
115 38 AC being connected together at a corner 46.
A conductor 48 connects the corner 46 with one side of the primary
winding 16, and a conductor 50 connects the corner 42 1-20 f with one
side of the primary winding 18.
The other two corners of the bridge circuit, i e, corners 40 and 44,

are connected to the correcting winding 20 through conductors 52 and
54 respectively 125 As briefly mentioned hereinabove, the impedances
of the reactors in the legs of the bridge circuit are controlled so
that diametrically opposite arms of the bridge have substantially the
same impedance In order 130 786,218 turns," depending upon whether the
ampere turns of the correcting winding are either " aiding " or "
opposing ' the ampere turns of the windings, 16 'and 18 and the extent
of the flux changes it causes, or it can be 70 ' described from the
standpoint of having the voltage " e" 'appearing across the points
46-42 of the bridge circuit superposed on or injected into the
impressed supply voltage in series "aiding " or " opposing" 75
depending upon the relationship of the impedances of the reactors in
the bridge circuit.
Because of the difficulty of computing the various voltages and
currents when the " effective ampere turn " approach is used, 80 the
other approach has been deemed to be more advantageous, and is the one
which will be, used.
In the following discussion, the transformers will be considered as
"ideal " 85 transformers, i e, as not having any resistance or
reactance.
Referring to Figs 1 and 2, the problem is to maintain constant, the
load voltage V across the secondary winding 14, regard 90 less of
variations in the voltage V, across the supply leads 26 and 28 This
requires that the magnetic flux in the core of the transformer 12 ' be
maintained constant, which in turn requires that a constant volt 95
age E be induced in the primary windings 16 and 18 of the transformer
and another constant voltage be induced in the correcting winding 20
Thus, the problem resolves itself into maintaining the voltage
impressed 100 across the primary winding 16 and 18 constant, and equal
and opposed to the induced voltage E, regardless of variations in, the
slupply voltage V, across the leads 26 and 28.
Referring now to Fig 2 let us assume 105 that the supply voltage V, is
normal; therefore, if the load voltage V is to be normal, it is
necessary that the supply voltage V, equal the induced voltage E.
Assuming that the voltage induced in the 110 correcting winding 20 is
in the direction so that the right-hand end is at a higher potential
than the left-hand end thereof, the conductor 52 and the corner 40 of
the bridge circuit 30 will be at a higher potential than 115 the
conductor 54 and the corner 44 of bridge circuit However, if the
impedances of all the reactors 32, 34, 36, and 38 are equal (as shown
diagrammatically in Fig 2), the voltage drops across -the reactors 32
and 38 120 will be the same; and, if they are also in phase, the
corners 46 and 42 will be at the same potential, and the adjusting
voltage " e " (which is across the corners 42 and 46) will be zero The

voltage E equals the 125 voltage V, plus or minus the voltage " e,"
and, inasmuch as' the voltage " e" is zero, the voltage E equals the
voltage V 1 As mentioned above, the voltage "e" is zero provided the
voltage drops across the re 130 to accomplish this result, the
windings 38 DC and 34 DC are connected together in series, and are
connected in series with a DC power source 56 and a variable resistor
57, through conductors 58 and 60.
In like manner, the windings 32 DC and 36 DC are connected together in
series, and in series with a DC power source 62 through conductors 64
and 66.
Thus, it will be apparent that by adjusting the variable resistor 57,
the direct current passing through the windings 38 DC and 34 DC can be
controlled so as to simultaneously vary the AC impedance of the
reactors 38 and 34 For -example if the variable resistor 57 is
adjusted so that a relatively small direct current flows through the
windings 38 DC and 34 DC, the AC' impedance of the reactors 38 and 34
will be relatively high On the other hand, if the direct current
flowing through the windings 38 DC and 34 DC is relatively large, the
AC impedance of the reactors 38 and 34 will be relatively low.
In like manner, the impedances of the reactors 32 and 36 can be
controlled by adjusting the variable resistor 63.
Although the variation of the impedances of the reactors 32, 34, 36
and 38 has been described as being accomplished by controlling the
flow of direct current through the DC windings, it will be apparent
from the present disclosure that the same result can be accomplished
by mechanical means, as for example by physically changing the
longitudinal position of an iron core mounted within each reactor
coil.
Furthermore, the impedance of the various reactors can be varied
automatically responsive to any selected external condition such as,
for example, supply current, load current, output voltage, or the
like.
Hereafter, in the description of the operation of the device, the
impedance of the various reactors will be referred to as being
relatively high or relatively low, without mentioning how the change
of impedance has been accomplished, i e, whether by varying the DC
current in the windings 34 DC, 38 DC and 32 DC, 36 DC as by adjusting
the variable resistors 57 and 63, by mechanical means, or by
automatically varying the current in the DC windings responsive to
some external condition.
OPERATION' As briefly mentioned hereinabove, the problem is to
maintain constant, the voltage V 2 across the secondary, regardless of
changes within a predetermined range in the impressed supply voltage
V, across the leads 26 and 28.

The 'operation of the device can be described either from the
standpoint of'the primary winding of the transformer having a certain
number of "effective ampere 786,218 actors 32 and 38 are equal and in
phase.
This condition occurs when the current flowing through the windings 16
and 18 is small in comparison with the currents flowing in the
reactances Conditions are considerably more complicated when this is
not correct, as occurs when the transformer carries an appreciable
load current This point will be discussed in more detail hereinafter.
Referring next to Fig 3, let us assume that the voltage V, is 110 %,o
of normal, and therefore, in order for the voltage E to be normal, it
is necessary to connect in series with the supply voltage V 1, an
adjusting voltage " e" which opposes or reduces it, or, stating it
differently, the adjusting voltage " e" must be of such magnitude and
phase relation with respect to the voltage V, that the resultant
voltage E is of normal value, i e, 10 %o less than the supply voltage
V 1.
Stating it differently, the adjusting voltage e" must buck the supply
voltage V, by an amount equal to 10 %) of normal V,.
As mentioned previously, the voltage induced in the correcting winding
20 is in the direction to cause the corner 40 of the bridge to be at a
higher potential than the corner 44 Therefore, when the impedance of
the reactors 32 and 36 are considerably less than the impedance of the
reactors 34 and 38 (Fig 3), the corner 42 will be at a higher
potential than the corner 46; Thus, under these conditions, the
adjusting voltage " e" across the corners 42 and 46 will be in the
direction opposite to the-supply voltage V,.
and the voltage E will equal the voltage V, minus the voltage " e "
Consequently, if the voltage V, is 11003 of normal, and the voltage-"
e " is 10 % of normal V,, the voltage E will be normal, and
consequently the load voltage V, across the secondary winding 14 will
also be normal It will be noted that if the impedances of the reactors
32 and 36 are considerably less than the impedances of the reactors 34
and 38, the voltage " e " across the corners 42 and 46 of the bridge
is substantially equal to the voltage across the leads 54 and 52 of
the winding 20.
Referring to Fig 4, if the voltage V, is o, of normal, it is necessary
for the adjusting voltage "e" to be 10 % of normal V, and in the
direction to aid it rather than oppose it as previously described
Thus, if the impedance of the reactors 32 and 36 is greater than the
impedance of the reactors 38 and 34, the corner 46 of the bridge will
be at a higher potential than the corner 42, and the voltage " e"
across the corners 42 and 46 will aid the impressed voltage V 1.
Therefore, the voltage E will equal the voltage V 1 ( 90 % of normal)

plus the voltage "e" ( 10 %c of normal V,), and the voltage E will be
normal.
Up to this point it has been assumed that the voltage drops across the
bridge reactors are in phase These conditions were assumed in order to
simplify the theoretical explanation of the voltages which result when
the current flowing in the primary of the trans 70 former is small in
comparison with the current flowing in the reactors However, in
reality, these in phase voltage conditions exist only rarely When the
transformer is loaded, the voltages across the different re 75 actors
are no longer in phase and the voltage relations become much more
complex.
For example, when the four reactances have equal impedance (Fig 2) and
the load current flowing from the corners 42 and 46 80 is in phase
with the voltage across the leads 52 and 54, a voltage " e " appears
across the corners 46 and 42 of the bridge, which is approximately at
right angles to the voltage across the leads 54 and 52 of the winding
20, 85 or approximately at right angles to the voltage of E across the
windings 16 and 18 In this case the voltage E equals the voltage V, in
spite of the fact that a voltage " e " appears across the corners 46
and 42 of the 90 bridge.
If the values of the reactances are such that the ratio of the
reactance of the reactor 34 to the reactor 32, and the ratio of the
reactance of the reactor 38 to the reactor 36 95 is rather small, the
voltage " e " across the corners 46 and 42 of the bridge attains a
nearly in phase relationship with respect to the voltage across the
leads 54 and 52 of the correcting winding 20, and with respect to 100
the voltage E across the windings 16 and 18.
Other and more complex relations occur when the current in the leads
28 and 26 is appreciable in comparison with the current flowing in the
leads 54 and 52 These can 105 be readily determined from Fig 11 which
is a vector diagram of the voltages appearing at different parts of
the bridge circuit shown in Fig 2 Fig 11 also illustrates the currents
flowing in the circuit when the current 110 in the leads 28 and 26 and
the windings 16 and 18 are in phase with the voltage E across the
windings 16 and 18.
The meaning of the different vectors in Fig 11 are as follows: 115
Vector 0-2 = voltage across the correcting winding 20 0-3 = voltage
across the reactor 34 2-3 '= voltage across the reactor 38 120 2-3 =
voltage across the reactor 32 0-3 '= voltage across the reactor 36 3-3
Y= adjusting voltage "e" across the corners 46 and 42 of the bridge
0-a = current I in the conductors 28, 48 125 and 26 and the windings
16 and 18 0-b = current i, in the reactor 34 0-c = current i 2 in the
reactor 32 It can be shown mathematically that the point 3 as well as
point 3 ' travel on a para 130 786,2 > 18 38 (either manually or

automatically as described hereinabove) the adjusting voltage " e"
across the corners 42 and 46 of the bridge is changed in its magnitude
and phase relationship with respect to the voltage 70 E across the
primary windings 16 and 18 of the transformer, so as to either aid or
oppose the supply voltage V 1 and thereby maintain constant the
voltage V, across the secondary.
In like manner, the voltage E across the 75 primary windings 16 and 18
-can be made to follow any desired curve or pattern.
Furthermore, this "correcting" of the impressed voltage V 1 by varying
the voltage " e" is accomplished smoothly and practi 80 cally
instantaneously with the demand therefor.
Fig 5 is similar to Fig, 1 and Fig 2, and has been included to show
another way of schematically illustrating the basic circuit 85 In the
circuit previously described (Fig 1 and Figs 2-5), the voltage
impressed across the corners 40 and 44 of the bridge circuit, i.e; the
bridge supply voltage, was obtained from a correcting winding 20
mounted on the 90 same core with the primary windings 16 and 18 and
the secondary winding 14 Also, the adjusting voltage " e " across the
other corners 42 and 46 was superposed on or "injected into" a power
supply lead 95 Substantially the same results can be obtained by
superposing the adjusting voltage " e " developed by the bridge
circuit, onto the secondary or load side of the transformer whose
voltage is to be controlled (Fig 8) 100 Furthermore, a separate or
auxiliary transformer across either the primary or secondary leads can
be used in place of the correcting winding 20, for furnishing the "
bridge supply " voltage 105 First, let us consider obtaininggthe
bridge supply voltage from a source other than a correcting winding 20
mounted on the same core with the windings 16 and 18.
Referring to Fig 6, there is provided a 110 main transformer 112 which
is equivalent to the main transformer 12 of Fig 5, and which includes
primary windings 116 and 118 and a secondary winding 114 A bridge
circuit 130 complete with four reactors, as previously 115 described,
is connected at the corners'142 and 146 into one of the primary leads
The other corners, 140 and 144, are connected to a winding 120, but
instead of this correcting winding being on the same core with the 120
windings 116, 118 and 114, it is actually the secondary of the
separate transformer T, l which is connected across the output circuit
of the transformer 112, i e, across the leads 124 'and 122 125 The
operation of this circuit is very similar 1 to the one previously
described (Fig 5) in that the impedances of the reactors are varied g
to provide an adjusting voltage " e " between d the corners 142 and
146 of the bridge, and 130 bola, provided the sum of the reactances 32
and 34 remain constant and the sum of the reactances 38 and 36 remain
constant, while the ratio of the reactances 32 to' 34, and 36 to

38-are varied.
The parabola becomes flatter as the current flowing in the leads 28
and 26, and in the windings 16 and 18 becomes smaller when compared
with the current flowing in the leads 54 and 52 of winding -20 If the
current in the leads 28 and 26 is very small in comparison with the
current in the leads 52 and 54, the parabola becomes a straight line
coinciding with the line 0-2 (Fig 11).
When this occurs, the diagram represents the condition considered in
the beginning of the discussion, i e, when the -magnitude of the load
current is negligible in comparison with the current flowing in the
reactances.
It is evident that vector diagrams of the kind described can be
prepared for any desired load condition.
It will be noted from Fig 11 that when the ratio of the reactances is
changed, the adjusting voltage " e " across the corners 46 and 42 of
the bridge (represented by vector 3-3 '), changes in magnitude and
phase angle with respect to the voltage across the corners 40 and 44
of the bridge (vector 0-2) and across the leads 54 and 52 of the
correcting winding 20.
As mentioned hereinabove, Fig 12 illustrates the situation wherein the
supply voltage V 2 is smaller than the voltage E across the terminals
of the primary winding of the transformer, and the adjusting -voltage
" e " forms the phase angle a with the voltage E.
Fig 13 illustrates the situation wherein the supply voltage V 1 is
larger than the voltage E across the primary winding of the
transformer and the adjusting voltage " e " forms a phase angle a with
the voltage E, which in turn is in phase with the voltage across the
correcting winding 20.
For the extreme case wherein the reactances 32 and 36 are very small,
or zero, the supply voltage V, must be great enough to create a
voltage equal to the primary voltage E plus the voltage " e " across
the correcting winding, a condition which is represented by line 0-1-2
-of -Fig 12 For the other extreme case wherein the reactances 34 and
38 are very small, or zero, the supply voltage is represented by 0-3.
In the above discussion, it was assumed that the end of the vector
representing the adjusting voltage " e " travels on a parabola.
As pointed out hereinabove, this occurs wher the sum of the reactances
of the reactors 32 and 34 is constant, and the sum of the react.
ances of the reactors 36 and 38 is constant, while the ratio of the
reactances 32 to 34 anc the ratio of the reactors 36 to 38 are varied.
Thus, it will be apparent that by varyinj the impedances of the
reactors 32, 34, 36 anc 786,218 S the voltage " e" is superposed on
the primary voltage to provide the desired voltage across the windings
116 and 118.

If desired, the primary winding of the separate or auxiliary
transformer T 1 can be connected across the supply leads 126 and 128
as shown in Fig 7 The operation of this circuit is closely related to
that of Fig 5.
The present invention also encompasses the construction wherein the
adjusting voltage " e " is superposed on the output voltage of the
transformer whose voltage is to be controlled, as shown in Figs 8, 9
and 10.
Referring to Fig 8, there is provided a transformer 212 which contains
primary windings 216 and 218, a secondary winding 214, and a
correcting winding 220 A bridge control circuit 230 has its corners
242 and 246 connected in the output lead 224 (as distinguished from
its position in a primary lead, as in the prior description), afd the
correcting winding 220 is connected to the other corners 240 and 244
in a manner previously described.
Thus, the adjusting voltage " e" developed across the corners 242 and
246, is superposed on the output voltage either to aid or oppose it
depending on whether the primary voltage is below or above normal For
example, if the primary voltage V, is below normal, the adjusting
voltage " e" will be.
controlled by varying the impedances of the reactors (as previously
described) so as to aid or increase the secondary voltage V 2 and
thereby maintain it at its normal or desired value If, on the other
hand, the primary voltage V 1 is above normal, then the voltage " e "
will be in the direction to oppose V 2 and hold it down to its normal
value Then again, in those instances where V 1 is normal, the
impedances of the reactors will be so adjusted that the voltage " e "
will be zero, or have such a phase relationship with respect to the
voltage V 1 and V 2 that these two voltages will be substantially
equal.
Referring next to Fig 9, this circuit combines both the separate power
source for the bridge circuit and the superposing of the correcting
voltage " e " on the secondary side of the regulator In short, it is
somewhat similar to both the circuits shown in Figs 7 and 8 Thus, the
corners 342 and 346 of the bridge circuit are connected in an output
or load lead, and the other corners 340 and 344 are connected to a
winding 320 which is the secondary of a separate transformer T 12
connected across the secondary leads ahead of the bridge circuit.
It will be readily apparent that the transformer T 12 could be
connected on the load side of the bridge circuit, as shown in Fig 10,
if desirable. The descriptions considered hereinabove
were directed to a Wheatstone bridge circuit containing four separate
saturable core reactors It has been determined that a somewhat
superior operation is obtained when the two diametrically opposite

reactors which comprise a set, are combined into a single "twin
reactor" unit consisting of a single 70 three-legged iron core
provided with two AC windings and one DC winding.
The iron core of each " twin reactor " has three legs, each of the two
outer legs being provided with an AC winding, and the inner 75 leg
being provided with a single DC winding which replaces the 'two DC
windings of the two independent reactors.
In addition to providing a somewhat superior operation, the " twin
reactors '' have 80 the further advantage that they require less iron
and copper and occupy less space than two separate reactors Also, the
"twin reactors" have a tendency to cause equal current distribution in
the two AC windings 85 Thus, it is apparent that there has been
provided a novel regulator circuit by which the output voltage of a
transformer can be held constant or at any desired voltage, regardless
of variations in the supply line 90 voltage Also, the regulation is
accomplished almost instantaneously with the demand thereof, and the
adjustment is made smoothly and without interrupting the normal flow
of either the supply current or the load current 95 In addition, the
device is relatively simple in construction and there are no
mechanical switches or moving parts to become worn, or out of
adjustment.
It is to be understood that the foregoing 100 description and the
accompanying drawing have been given only by way of illustration and
example, and that changes and alterations in the present disclosure,
which will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, are 105
contemplated as within the scope of the present invention which is
limited onlv bv the claims which follow.
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