4501 4505.output

* GB784908 (A)
Description: GB784908 (A) ? 1957-10-16
Improvements relating to manhole and gully tops
Description of GB784908 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICAT lON
784,908
Date of filing Complete Specification: Sept 26, 1955.
Application Date: Feb 15, 1955.
No 4446/55.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 107, B. International Classification:-E 01
f.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements relating to Manhole and Gully Tops I, ARTHUR SPENCER, a
British Subject, of 1167, Chorley 'Old Road, 'Bolton, Lancashire, do
hereby declare the invention for which I pray that a patent may be
granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement: -
When roads are being repaired or resurfaced, it frequently becomes
necessary to raise the covers of manholes for sewers and public
utility services, and of gullies for receiving surface water, to the
new road level.
To raise the tops of the gullies or manholes involves a considerable
amount of labour and expense, and it is the object of this invention
to provide a simple and inexpensive means whereby this can be avoided.
According to this invention, I provide a ring adapted to rest in the
seating for the gully or manhole cover, of sufficient height to raise
a cover placed on it to the level of the new road surface, and a
further ring or frame adapted to rest on the top of the gully box or
manhole frame, of the same height as the first ring and having an
external flange around its lower edge adapted to be embedded in the
road surfacing material, the gully or manhole cover then resting on
the first ring and being surrounded by the second ring.
The rings may be rectangular to fit the usual gully boxes or

rectangular manhole frames, or circular to suit circular manhole
frames.
With this invention the gully boxes or manhole frames need not be
disturbed when the road is resurfaced All that is necessary is to
remove the cover, place the first ring on, its seating or supporting
lugs and place the second ring in position ready for the road
surfacing material to be laid around it.
The accompanying drawing shows an arrangement in accordance with this
invention, in perspective land partly broken away.
There is a gully box 1 embedded in the lPrice 3 s 6 d l ground, having
a seating 2 on which the cover 3 originally rested, the top edge 4 of
the box 1 being flush with the original road surface When the road is
to be resurfaced and its level raised, a ring 6 is placed in the gully
box 1 to rest on the seating 2, of such height that when the cover 3
is placed on top of it, the upper surface of the cover 3 will be flush
with the new road, surface This means that the upper part of the cover
3 projects above the top edge 4 of the gully box 1, and therefore a
further ring or frame 7, of the same internal dimensions as the box 1,
is placed on top of the box 1, its upper edge 8 being flush with the
top of the cover 3 in its new position and with the new road surface
The ring or frame 7 has an outwardly projecting flange 9, which rests
on the original road surface 5 and is covered by the added surfacing
material so that the ring 7 is thereby held firmly in position.
* Sitemap
* Accessibility
* Legal notice
* Terms of use
* Last updated: 08.04.2015
* Worldwide Database
* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB784909 (A)
Description: GB784909 (A) ? 1957-10-16
Dry shaver

A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:
DE1010864 (B)
DE1010864 (B) less
Translate this text into Tooltip
[79][(1)__Select language]
Translate this text into
The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
7 ' -, Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Feb 24,
1955.
D No 5539/55.
/ Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 131, M( 3: 5: 8: X).
International Classification:-B 26 b.
COMPLETE,SPECIF'I'CATION Dry Shaver I, WILLEM BAKKER, a Dutch Subject,
of Couperusstraat 7, Arnhem, Holland, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The invention relates to a dry shaver comprising at least one rotated
cutter element and at least one rotatable coaxial cutting plate
against which the,cutter element is urged by spring action, the said;
cutting plate being movable in axial direction> and a loclking nut for
saidl cutter element and' cutting plate and aims at providing a shaver
of this type which has a simple construction and, offers the
possibility of cutting hairs quickly and thoroughly, This is achieved
with the dry shaver accord.
ing to the present invention in that the or each cutting plate is
driven by its co-operating cutter element Due to the fact that the
cutting plate is therefore mounted to permit free rotation, the hairs
will be scraped as it were into the gaps of the cutting plate and
thereafter clipped of when the shaver is moved along and the cutting
plate is pressed against the skin The hairs which have entered the
gaps produce, due to their resistance to bending combined with the
friction of the cutting plate against the skin a force which brakes
the cutting plate and may even cause it to stop.

The resistance of the hairs also offers the possibility of the or
'each cutting plate rotating contrary to the direction of rotation of
the cutter element when the former is moved along the skin In this way
a smoother and more rapid shaving is achieved than in the case of the
known dry shavers because the hairs gliding into the gaps are in the
most suitable position to be clipped off.
Further, a limiting abutment may be provided which consists of a ring
of material having a low friction and 'high resistance to wear, this
ring being pressed into the locking nut screwed on the housing The
material used for his limiting abutment may be for eample nylon
(superpolyamide).
As hairs may get between the limiting abutlPrice 3 s 6 d l 84,909
nment and the co-operating edge of the of each cutting plate and these
hairs might 50 hamper the free movement of the cutting plate, it is
preferred to provide an inner ring between the limiting abutment and
the housing of the dry shaver This inner ring, which preferably
consists also of a wear resistant low 55 friction material,, fits in
the operative position of the cutter plate with a sealing edge against
a rim of the cutter plate It is preferred in this case to provide the
cutter plate with a chamfered portion providing a sharp 60 edge, This
edge fits with a small clearance against a sharp edge of the inner
ring so that the hairs being cut and arriving thereon have little or
no chance to get into the gap between these two: sharp edged parts Any
hairs which 65 have nevertheless got between said parts' are collected
in collecting spaces provided in the ring.
A further feature,of the invention is that the or each cutting plate
may be provided with a 70 clearance so that it may adopt an oblique
position relative to the axis of the apparatus Consequently the cutter
plate may always assume the most favourable position with respect to
the skin, which offers the maximum possi 75 bility of a large number
of hairs entering the gaps of the cutting plate and of the hairs being
clipped off as close as possible near the skin.
In order to feed ithe hairs to the cutting 80 plate in a favourable
direction, the locking nut screwed on, the housing may have its rim
portion concave both at the outer side and at the inner side thereof,
these two sides terminating in a small rounding preferably 85 with a
slightly concave end face therebetween.
Consequently the outer edge' of the locking nut deflects the hairs in
a direction of the cutting plate edge When the hairs have passed the
inner edge of the locking nut they may 90 stand up in a resilient
manner so that they spring as it were into the gaps of the cutting
plate When the inner edge of the locking nut is likewise concave, the
result is that when sliding over the skin the latter is pressed by 95
this inner edge against the cutting plate so - CC, 45 G 3 d C i that

it will be pressed into the gaps of the cutting blade and the hairs on
the skin, if they have not been cut, will be smoothly shaved off.
The invention will be further described below with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
Fig 1 is a longitudinal section of a portion of an embodiment of the
dry shaver in the operative position.
Fig 2 shows a longitudinal section of part of the front section of a
dry shaver on an enlarged scale in the operative position.
Fig, 3 shows a top plan view of a portion of the inner ring on an,
enlarged scale.
Fig 4 shows, on an enlarged scale, part of the inner ring in
perspective.
Fig 5 shows the front portion of a dry shaver with a single cutter
element placed against the skin to be shaved.
The dry shaver shown in the drawing comprises two cutting plates 1 and
5, provided in the known manner with slots 2, beneath which cutter
elements 3 and 22 rotate.
At the inner periphery of the cutting plate a limiting abutment 4 of
wear resistant material is provided, said limiting abutment being of
an annular shape and pressed into the cutting plate 5 At its outer
periphery the cutting plate 5 has a collar 6 which is urged against a
limiting abutment 7 of wear resistant material, said abutment 7 being
of an annular shape and pressed into a locking nut 8 screwed on the
housing 9 The limiting abutments 4 and 7 serve at the same time as
guiding means for the cutting plates 1 and 5 which are axially movable
in the head of the dry shaver In the space between the abutment 7 and
the outer surface of the housing 9 of the dry shaver and an edge of
the cutter plate 5 as well as between the abutment 4 of the cutter
plate 5 and an edge of the cutter plate 1 detachable inner rings 10
and 11 of wear resistant material are provided which serve to collect
the clipped-off hairs if these should get between the bearing surfaces
of the cutting plates These inner rings, which are so constructed,
that they may be manufactured in an injection mould, are provided with
recesses 13 arranged between obliquely constructed erect parts 12,
these spaces collecting any hairs on the bearing surfaces of the
cutting plates so that they may be removed from time to time when the
apparatus is cleaned.
The inner rings 10 and: 11 have a sharp edge 14 and 15 respectively
with an adjacent recess 16 and 117 respectively Adjacent this edge 14,
15 there is a chamfered edge 18 and 19 respectively of the cutting
plate 5 and 1 respectively Consequently hairs getting on these edges
will not easily penetrate between the inner ring and the cutting
plates.
A shaft 20 driven by a motor (not shown) has a driver 21 with two

driving arms engaging in slots 23 in the cutter element 22 and driving
said cutter element The cutter element 3 is likewise driven by the
shaft 20 which for this purpose is provided with flat faces 24 The
shaft 20 is yieldably mounted and 70 projects through an opening 25 in
the cutter head housing 9 The cutter element 3 is mounted with
clearance on the end of the shaft and is urged by a spring 27 against
the cutting plate The cutter element 22, which 75 is biassed by a
spring 26, is arranged with clearance around the spring 27 so that
these two cutter elements may rock and are adapted to adjust
themselves freely on the cutting plates The shaft 20 is, moreover,
coupled to 80 the motor in a flexible manner.
As may be seen from the drawing,the shaft has threaded portions 28 and
29 respectively on which nuts 30 and 31 respectively are threaded
against 'which the ends of the 85 springs 27 and 26 abut The spring
tension of these springs may be adjusted with the nuts 30 and 31 so
that the pressure of the cutter elements against the cutting plates
separately may be adjusted as effectively as 90 possible.
The above-mentioned parts are arranged in a cutting chamber 32
provided with a cvlindrical slide 33 with one or more openings for
removing the clipped-off hairs This slide 95 33 comprises a lip 34 by
means of which the slide 33 may be rotated and the or each opening may
be brought face to face with an opening provided in the cutter wall.
During operation the cutting plates 1 and 100 are pressed against the
skin and their yieldable mounting permits them to adjust themselves
against the skin due to the clearance between the inner rings 10 and
11 and the abutments 7 and 4 respectively 105 For the purpose of
keeping hairs out of the shaft bearings in the cutter head blades 35
are provided.
For detaching the inner rings in order to remove any hairs collected
therein it is neces 110 sary to remove the locking nut 8 This permits
the inner ring 10 to be removed The inner ring 11 may be removed after
the locking ring 36 has been released The locking ring 36 has spaced
fins which interlock with 115 spaced lugs provided on the cutting
plate 5 and by slightly turning it so that its fins pass into and out
through the spaces between the lugs of the cutting plate, the locking
ring may be released 120 It may be seen from Figures 1 and 2 that the
locking nut t presents at its outer side a concave shape and at its
inner side a convex shape, its outer surface terminating in a small
rounding 37 in such a way that no cutting 125 edge is formed Due to
this embodiment of the locking nut the small rounding 37 may easily
catch below the hairs having an oblique position relative to the skin
When the shaver is moved the hairs are raised and bent in 130 78459 o
9 element and cutting plate, characterised in that the or each cutting
plate is driren by its co 50 operating cutter element.

2 A dry shaver according to claim 1, characterised in the provision of
a limiting abutment consisting of a ring of low friction and wear
resistant material which is pressed 55 into the locking nut screwed on
the housing of the shaver and in the case of two cutting plates, the
provision of a second limiting abutment pressed into the outermost
cutting plate.
3 A dry shaver according to claim 1 or 2, 60 characterised in that an
inner ring of wear resistant material is provided between the limiting
abutment and, the dry shaver housing.
4 A dry shaver according to claim 3, characterized in that the inner
ring has its 65 upper edge co-opearating with the cutting plate and
that the inner ring has a sharp edge formed by a recess.
A dry shaver according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that the
inner ring is pro 70 vidled with recesses.
C 6 A dry shaver according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that the or each cutting plate is provided with a
chamfered portion providing a sharp edge 75 7 A dry shaver according
to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the or each,
cutting plate is provided with a clearance so that it can adopt an
oblique position relative to the axis of the shaver 80 8 A dry shaver
according to any one of the preceding claims, characterisedi in that
the locking nut is screwed on the housing and has a rim portion of
which the inner side and the outer side thereof are concave, these
sides ter 85 minating in a small rounding so that no cutting edge is
formed.
9 A dry shaver according to claim 8, characterised in that an end
face, disposed between said small roundings of the rim por 90 tion of
the locking nut, has a concave shape with a large radius of curvature.
A dry shaver constructed substantially as herein described with
reference to the accompanying drawings 95 MARKS & CLERK.
the opposite direction whereafter they get inside the locking nut and
are released by this locking nut, The hairs then spring upwards into
the slots of, the cutting plate 5 whereupon they are clipped off by
the cutter elements.
This embodiment of the 'locking nut 8 offers the advantage that the
shaver may be moved quickly along the skin as the hairs are then
clipped off before they 'have returned to their initial position or
even before they have assumed their fully erect position.
Fig 5 shows a portion of a dry shaver with a single cutter element and
a single cutting plate, in which the rim portion of the locking nut 38
is concave both at the outer side 39 and at the inner side 40 These
two sides terminate in a small rounding between which an end face 41
of the locking nut has a slightly concaved shape so that no cutting
edge is formed When this shaver is moved in the direction of the arrow

42 along the skin 43, the outer edge 44 of the locking nut will catch
under the hairs of the skin and will turn them down As soon as the
inner edge 45 of the locking nut releases the hairs these will spring
upwards in the direction of the arrow 46 and will be clipped off by
the cutter element 47.
When sliding over the skin the inner edge portion of the locking nut
lying diametrically opposite the afore-mentioned' edge portion will
press the skin which has left the cutting plate 48 against the said
cutting plate, as shown with reference numeral 49, so that any
unclipped hairs or portions thereof will be shaved off close to the
skin.
It is dclear that the invention is not restricted to the embodiment
described above by way of example but that it is possible to make
several modifications without departing from the scope of the
invention.
* Sitemap
* Accessibility
* Legal notice
* Terms of use
* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB784910 (A)
Description: GB784910 (A) ? 1957-10-16
Curtain suspension device
Inventor: WILLIAM ERNEST COOPER Date of filing Complete Specification:
March 1, 1956.
Application Date: March 10, 1955.
No 6995/55.
/ Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 52 ( 5), D 3 D 3.

International Classification:-A 47 h.
COM'PLETE SPECIFICATION
Curtain Suspension Device We, C C COMPONENTS LIMITED, of 53 Alcester
Road:South, Kings Heath, 'Birmagham, a British Company, do hereby
declare the invention, for which we pray that a Patent may be granted
to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement:-
This invention, relates to curtain suspension devices of the kind
comprising a wire member of substantially U-shape having inltumrned
extremities forming trunnions on which are mounted respectively a pair
of rollers for engagement with tracks formed upon, a rail.
The object of the invention is to provide in a device of this kind
means for ensuring the freer and more silent movement of the device
upon the tracks.
The invention consists of a curtain suspension device of the kind
specified in which each roller comprises the combination of an inner
metal sleeve surrounding a trunnion and having outwardly flared ends,
a nylon or other outer annular part surrounding the sleeve and having
a recess in one face, and a plurality 'of anti-friction balls between
the sleeve and the outer part, said balls being located in the recess
in the outer part by a flared end of the sleeve.
In the accompanying drawings Figures 1 and 2 are end and side
elevations respectively of an example of a device in accordance with
the invention engaged with a rail, whilst Figure 3 is a section
through one of the rollers.
In the drawings a wire member 4 of substantially U-shape has its
extremines bent inwardly to form a pair of trunnions on each of which
is mounted, one of a pair of rollers 5, adapted to engage tracks '6
formed by flanges of a rail 7 which may 'be of inverted T section, or
of shallow H section mounted upon its side, Each roller 5 comprises an
inner metal sleeve 8 surrounding the trunnion, and an outer annular
part 9 of nylon or other plastic or other material The ends of the
sleeve 8 are flared, the one end being flared,to a greater extent than
the other Also the face of the outer pant 9 is recessed at the side
adjacent the end of the sleeve which is flared to a greater extent so
as to provide an, annular space for the annular row of anti-friction
balls 10, these balls being held within the recess by means of this
flared end of the sleeve The opposite flared end of the sleeve is also
located in a smaller recess at the opposite side of the outer part to
prevent relative axial movement of the sleeve and outer part.
Conveniently the sleeve,8 is freely mounted upon the trunnion but
alternatively it could be secured thereon, since the anti-friction
balls provide for the free rotation of the outer part 9 relative to
the sleeve 8.

Where as is preferred the outer part 9 is formed of nylon or other
plastic, the device is more silent in use than normal devices of the
kind specified.
* Sitemap
* Accessibility
* Legal notice
* Terms of use
* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB784911 (A)
Description: GB784911 (A) ? 1957-10-16
A process for washing or bleaching polyamide fibres
BE536668 (A) CH333466 (A) DE945443 (C) FR1094713 (A)
NL112268 (C) US2909404 (A) CH339688 (A) DE1020433 (B)
DE1025376 (B) DE976170 (C) FR1121229 (A) NL112774 (C)
NL295923 (A) US3153565 (A)
BE536668 (A) CH333466 (A) DE945443 (C) FR1094713 (A)
NL112268 (C) US2909404 (A) CH339688 (A) DE1020433 (B)
DE1025376 (B) DE976170 (C) FR1121229 (A) NL112774 (C)
NL295923 (A) US3153565 (A) less

AMENDED SPECIFICATION
Reprinted as amended in accordance with the decision of the
Superintending Examiner acting for the Comptroller-General, dated the
twentieth day of March, 1958, under Section 29, of the Patents Act,
1949.
784,911 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: March
18, 1955.
No 7993155.
Application made in Germany on March 20, 1954.
Application made in Germany on Nov 13, 1954.
Application made in Germany on Dec 11, 1954.
Index at acceptance:-Class 15 ( 2), AI(A 1 83: A 1 B 5: A 1 86: A 3: C
4).
International Classification:-D 061.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
A Proces's' for Washing or Bleaching Polyamide Fibres, We, DEUTSCHE
GOLD-UND SILBER-SCHEIDEANSTALT vermnals Roessler, of 9,
Weissfrauenstrasse, Frankfurt, Main, 1, Germany, a Body Corporate
organised under the Laws of Germany, do' hereby declare the invention,
for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method
by which, it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and
by the following statement:-
This invention relates to a process for washing or bleaching polyamide
fibres.
It is known that polyamide fibres are strongly attacked when treated
in washing and bleaching baths containing per-compounds, so, that
appreciable losses in strength occur The decrease in strength of the
polyamide fibres, for example, of the fibrous polymers of
6-caprolactam, may amount to, up to 40 to, %, of dte original strength
if the action of the per-compound containing washing and bleaching
baths is carried out at relatively high temperatures over a relatively
long period, which is often necessary, fur example, in the treatment
of mixed fibrousi materials containing polyamide for the purpose of
producing, an adqcuate bleaching effect, or if, as is necessary when
using detergents containing per-compounds, the treatment of the
articles containing polyamide has to be repeated at intervals of time
when the articles become soiled The same damage to the fibres occurs
even if the per-compound-containing bleaching and washing bathsl are
stabilised in, the conventional manner with magnesium silicate or
phosphates or other additives which moderate the spontaneous evolution
of oxygen.

It has already been found that a certain quantity of acids of a
certain type with a flocculating and dehydrating action, or the salts
thereof, are capable of obviating or at least lPrice 3 s 6 d l
substantially reducing the above-described damage tot the fibres if
they are added tot the per-compound-containing treatment baths
intended for bleaching or washing polyamide fibres or mixed fibres
containing polyamide.
It has now been found that it is possible to produce a substantial
protective action on fibres, spun yarn's, woven and knitted fabrics
containimng synthetic polyamides, or articles manufactured therefrom,
if necessary together with other fibrous materials during bleaching
with per-compounds The per-compounds referred to' herein include
hydrogen peroxide, sodiumi peroxide, other alkali or alkaline-earth
metal peroxides, persulphuric acid or its salts, perboric acid or its
salts, percarzbonic acid or its salt, perphosphoric acid or its salts,
or similar compounds which form hydrogen peroxide, in acid medium
According to the invention, the washing or bleaching of the fibrous
materials with per-compounds is carried out in the presence of organic
compounds which contain at least one N-atom which is linked to' at
least one H-atom, or with oxidation, pro ducts of such organic
compounds.
Primary or secondary amines have proved to be: suitable for this
purpose The oxidation products of such amines, for example, oximes or
hydroxanmic acids, may also be successfully employed Instead of using
the free amines, it is also, possible to use their salts with
inorganic or organic acids.
Another group, of excellent protective agents are o-chloroaniline or
p-chloroaniline or an N-mono subsmtituted derivative thereof 2,4or
2,5-dichloroaniline or an aromatically Nmono substituted derivative
thereof.
Excellent results are produced if the protective agents used are
organimc compounds, more especially amines or iheir salts, which
784,911 contain at least twol juxtaposed or non-juxtaposed N-atoms, of
which at least one carries at least one H-atom Compounds of this type
are, for example, methylene diamine or its derivatives or salts, such
as mathylene dianiline or methylene ditoluidine, or their salts.
Guanidine compounds, more especially N,Nl-diphenyl guanidine, are;
also adapted to be used successfully as protective agents.
Another class of protective agents for use according to the invention
are urea derivatives, more especially those urea derivatives which are
substituted by aromatic radicals, for example, N-hydroxy-NL-phenyl
urea.
Finally it has been found that phenyl biguanide is also a very good
protective agent in accordance with the invention.

In order to illustrate the type of compound which may be employed, the
following formula are given of compounds which are effective as such
or as substitution in the process of the invention:
1 No carbon atoms between two nitrogen atoms:
Benztriazine A ACH/ 2 One carbon atom between two nitrogen atoms:
Methylene diamnine derivatives:
Methylene dianiline CQH-NH-CH,-NH-C-,H, and Methylene-di-p-toluidine H
3 C-CH 4-,NH-CH -NH-CH 4 CH 3 Benzimidazole H Guanidine Derivative:
N,N'-diphenyl guanidine EN C -_ I Nfi 6 '6 Et N -_ C I I TON 3 Up to
nine carbon atoms or rings and hetero atoms between two nitrogen
atoms:
Ethylene diamine H N-CH CH 2-NH 2 N-marboxyethylene diamine H 2 N-CH
2-CH, -NH-COOH Piperazine:
M 2 CH k -E /11 N,NI-dimethyl-p-phenylene diamine:
H 3 C fl H -I NH CH 3 p-aininobenzene sulphonamide H 12 N C Yj 502 NH
2 Hexamethylene diamin H 2 N-CH 2-CH 2-CH CH 2 C-GH 2-CH-NH 2.
s 15 Biguanide derivative:
N-phenyl-biguanide Ni C NH 2 1 2 784,911 Ben Zidine derivatives:
N,N'-diphenyl benzidine Dimethyl-4,4 '-diamine-diphenyl methane The
chemical characteristic of the structure of all the compounds listed
above is that they have at least two amino groups which may be
directly connected to one anrother or separated from one another by
one or more carbon atoms, rings or hetero atoms Benzene rings present
as substituents or as hetero-group's improve the protective effect It
is preferred, however, to use compounds containing more than one amino
group since the practical value of aromatic mono-amines is restricted
by the fact that a large number of such substances, in the presence of
peroxides, are converted to more or less coloured oxidation products
which naturally spoil the bleaching and cleaning of polyamide On the
other hand, such compounds which are inhibited against this oxidation
reaction by a large number of substituents, for example,
o-chloroaniline or pchloroaniline, or 2,4 or 2,5-dichloroaniline or
N-mono substituted derivatives thereof, are suitable as protective
agents for use according to the invention.
Therefore, while the action of benzene rings is to improve thoe effect
and methyl groups do not reduce the effect, the protective effect of
the compounds mentioned here is reduced by groups containing oxygen
For example, p-aminoc-benzene sulphamide, which is mentioned above,
has a smaller protective effect than pphenylene diamine However, the
presence of suchl a group need not preE 3 C N i)C -0 v C Hl, H H clude
the use of such compounds as protective agent for polyamides Thus, for
example, the amine oxidation products formed by the action of
peroxides, oximesi and hydroxamic acids on these protective agents (B
35, 4293 ( 1902); B 34, 2262 ( 1901); Gazz chim it 52, 107 ( 1922);

Houben-Weyl; "Methoden der Organischen Chemie" (Oxygen compounds, Vol
8), Page 689, Georg Thieme-Veflag, 1952), can still be used as
protective agents.
Oxaldihydoxamic acid Ho / 2 ION which is derived from ethylene
diamine Hl N-CH,-CH, NHI is also, operative as a protective agent.
In oader to explain the influence of the substitution and the
conversion by oxidation of the amino groups, we have for comparison
purposes set out side by side the protective values of analogously
formed compoiunds in a hydrogen peroxide bleaching bath and compared
them with a similar bleaching without protective agent The bleaching
baths iused were those which contained per litre:
4.8 Gm of active oxygen in the form of commercially available 35 %
hydrogen peroxide.
0.1 Gm of magnesium sulphate 1.0 Gin of commercially available water
glass cnventonal stabilisers and strands of fibrous e-caprolactaml
polymer were treated for 4 hours at 60 C and with a bath ratio of 1:50
This strong bleaching treatment produced a 481 % lowering of the
original tensimle strength of the, e-caprolaictams polymer when the
bath did not contain any protective agent The protective agents added
in the individual experiments produce a graduated& reduction of the
loss, according to, the efficacy of the groups.
784,911 Bleaching bath 1 The aforementioned bleaching bath without
addition of protective agent 2 The aforementioned bleaching bath with
addition of 0 6 gm = 0 01 mrel of ethylene diamine per litre H 2
N-CH-CIH 2-NH 2 3 The aforementioned bleaching bath with addition of 1
2 gmin = 0 01 rol of oxaldihydroxamic per litre EO /0 HON NIOH _cl
XI O It 4 The aforementioned bleaching bath with addition of 1.4 gm =
0 01 rmoal of diacetylethylene diamine per litre CH,-CO NH CH, C H
-NH-CO-CH, The aforementioned bleaching bath with addition, of 2 4
gmin = 0 01 mol of ethylene bis(oxamic) acid per litre HOOC OC-HN-CH,
C Ho-NH-CO-COOH The compounds referred to develop their protective
effect in the bleaching bath in the presence of peroxides by
preventing the attack of the active oxygen on the polyamide fibres As
stated above, such bleaching baths contain active oxygen up to a
maximum amount of 0 3 m Ol o T Tl:22, = O 3 gram atoms of active
oxygen per litre of bleaching liquid.
The protective agents described herein are added in amounts of 0 01 to
0 05 mol per litre However, individual agents, such as for example,
N-phenyl biguanide, are effective even in 1/10th of this concentration
When used according to instructions, per-compound detergents yield
maximum concentrations of 0.25 gmn = 0 016 gram atoms of active oxygen
per litre In this case,,0 001 to 0 005 mol of the said protective
agents per litre of bleaching bath is sufficient, while once again
individual products provide complete protection of the fibres when

used with 1/10th of this concentration They may also be used by being
incorporated by mixing with washing powders to provide per-compound
detergent mixtures which in practice do not reduce the tensile
strength of polyamide fibres, even when the treatment is repeated
several times The bleaching and washing baths may in the usual manner
contain stabilisers (water glass, magnesium salts or phosphates) and
also means for adjusting the p H value and surface-active substances A
second method of use consists in the products being applied in aqueous
or alcoholic solution to the polyamide fibres and then dried The
strength of textiles made of polyamide fibres and treated in this
manner is scarcely reduced, even after repeated peroxide treatment in
a bleaching or washing bath; the peroxide baths then do not contain
Reduction of tensile strength 48 % 4.8 % 7.9 % 25.7 % 33.1," any
protective agent.
Finally, the products may also be used by incorporating them in the
spinning solution of the e-caprelactam polymer prior to the fibres
being produced.
The following examples relate to the use of the process describzd
herein in connection with the preliminary treatment of polyamnide
fibres and in bleaching and washing baths containing hydrogen peroxide
and sodium perborate.
In all cases, it is also possible to employ suspensions of these
protective agents, where the solubility of the products is inadequate.
In the following examples the tensile strength of thread or yam is
expressed in Rkmn, namely the length in kilometres of thread or yarn
which would just break under its own weight when freely suspended.
1 Example of preliminary treatment with protective agent for
immunising polyamide fibres against action by peroxide.
Fabric, comprising fibrous polymers of e-caprolactam, was initially
treated for 15 minutes at 100 C with a 10 ' aqueous solution of
N-phenyl biguanide The material was then rinsed three times under
running water and thereafter subjected to five treatments with a
per-compound-containing detergent at 95 C, the operation being carried
out with the following washing bath per litre of liquid:
5.7 gmi of soda soap, 1.5 gin of soda, 0.75 gin of pyrophosphate, 0.75
g of tripolyphosphate, 0.6 gin of perborate, 0.7 gin of water glass.
784,911 Strength:
pretreated fabric Rkum Rkm untreated treated loss After the 1st
treatment 46 0 43 2 6 1 % ,, 2nd, 46 0 42 8 7 0 % ,, 3rd,, 46 0 39 2
14 8 % Strength:
untreated fabric Rkr Rkm untreated treated loss After the 1st
treatment 44 0 29 0 34 % >,,,, 2nd,, 44 0 17 4 60 % ,, 3rd,, 44 0 13 O
70 % With a single initial treatment of the polyamide fibres with the
fibre-protecting agent N-phenyl biguanide prior to the treatment with

per-compoound-containing detergent, the result obtained is that the
strength loss is about 6 1 % and remains, at about 14 8 % even when
the bleaching operation is repeated five timnes, whereas the loss
under the severe test conditions described herein is 34 % even after a
single treatmnent and 70 % when the treatment isi repeated five times
As shown by the tests, the protective agents described are retained by
the surface of the fibres There is thus obtained a far-reaching
immunisation of the polyamide fibres against the action of peroxide.
It is shown by the table that the resistance of the fabric to,
per-compound, has become five times greater as a result of the
pretreatment.
2 Examples for the use of protective substance in the bleaching and
washing bath.
A stranded material comprising fibrous polymers of e-caprolactam with
a titre of 60 deniers was treated in the bath ratio of 1: 50 with
occasional manipulation, for two hours at a temperature of 60 C in a
bath which contained:
4.8 gin per litre of active oxygen in the form of hydrogen peroxide (
0 3 mol), 0.1 ginm crystalline magnesium sulphate, 1.0 cc per litre of
commercially available water glass, 38 Be.
1.72 gin per litre of piperazine ( 0 02 mol), whereby a good bleaching
effect was produced The p H value of this treatment bath was 9 5.
The tensile strength of the polyamide yarnm, which in the untreated
condition was 40 2 Rkm, was lowered to 37 0 Rkm by the bleaching
treatment, which corresponds to a strength loss of 8 0 % If piperazine
is, absent fromnl a bath of otherwise the same composition, the
strength loss of the polyamide fibres is 38,%.
After completiorn of the bleaching operation, the content of active
oxygen in the bath amounted to, 3 8 gmn per litre.
3 A knitted fabric manufactured from polyamide yarn with a titre of 60
deniers was bleached for four hours at a temperature of C on a winch
beck with the bath ratio 1:60 in a bath which contained:
4.8 gm per litre of active oxygen in the form of hydrogen peroxide.
0.1 gin per litre of magnesium sulphate, 1.0 cc per litre of comcially
available water glass 38 B 6, 3.4 gm per litre of p-aminobenzene
sulphonamide.
The p-H value of the bleaching bath was 9 1.
The strength of the polyamide yarn was lowered from an initial value
of 43 1 Rkml to 42.0 Rkm, which corresponds to a loss of only 2 O %.
After completion of the bleaching process, the content of active
oxygen in the bath was still 4 0 gin per litre.
4 Piece goods woven in weft and warp from poiyamide yarn were treated
on a dip T ping frame with the bath ratio 1:150 at a temperature of 60
C in a bleaching bath of the following composition,:

2.4 Gm per litre of active oxygen in the form of hydrogen peroxide,
1.0 gmi per litre of magnesium sulphate, 1.0 cc per litre of water
glass with a content of 25 0 % Si O,, 1.5 gmin L per litre of ethylene
diamine oxalate, 0.2 gin per litre of sodium hydroxide.
I The p H value of this bleaching bath was 9.2 The tensile strength of
the warpi fabric was reduced after two hours, from 43 5 to 40.1 Rkm,
which corresponds to a strength loss of 7 8 %.
The active oxygen content of the bleaching 6 78; 1 bath was still 2 0
gm, per litre at the end of the bleaching process.
A mixed fabric, which was woven with a warp of 60 denier polyarmide
yarn and a weft of 100 denier viscose rayon was treated at a
temperature of 600 C with manipulation in loose form, at a bath, ratio
of 1:40, for two hours in a bleaching bath of the following
composition:
4.8 gin of active oxygen in the form of hydrogen peroxide, 0.1 gnm ofc
magnesium sulphate, 1.0 cc of commercially available water glass 38
Be, 1.0 cc of N-carboxyethylene diamine.
per litre.
A very good bleaching effect was produced in this way The p H of the
bleaching bath was 9 1 The tensile strength of the polyamide warp
material was reduced by the bleaching treatment fromn initially 44 2
Rl-m.
to 42 2 Rkm Ths strength loss was thus 4.5 %.
The content of active oxygen in the bleaching bath fell in the course
of the bleaching operation from initially 4 8 to 4 2 gin per litre.
6 Articles which consisted of polyainde yarn in the weft and warp were
washed with a bath ratio of 1: 50 with a solution of 10 gn.
per litre of a commercially available detergent at 60 C for 4 and 8
hours with light movement of the articles O 04 Gnm of N-carbamic acid
salt of ethylene diamine were added as fibre-protecting agent tol the
bath.
The detergent had the following composition per litre:
2.5 gm of sodium p rborate, 4.5 gm of soap powder, 2.5 gmin of 4.5 gin
of 0.2 gm of 1.2 girn of 0.5 gm of 1.1 gin of phosphate, 0.2 gin of
amine.
0.2 gm of dry water glass, 1.2 gmn of sodium carbonate, 0.5 gin of
sodium bicarbonate, 1.1 gin of neutral sodium pyrophosphate.
The tensile strength of the yarns was lowered from 46 0 Rkmn to 44 28
Rkin after 4 hours and to 43 47 Rkm after 8 hours The strength loss
was 3 7, after 4 hours and 4.8 % after 8 hours.
A fabric, comprising fibrous polymers of e-caprolactam, washed by way
of comparison with the same bath at the same temperature and period of
treatment, but omitting the fibre-protecting ag:nt, showed a strength
loss of 210 L after 4 hours and 36 1 ' after 8 hours.

7 A fabric in which both the warp and weft consists of polyamide yarn
(fibrous ecaprolactam, polymer) was washed for two hours at 90 C in a
washing bath of the following composition:
sodium perborate, soap powder, water glass, calcined soda, sodium
bicarbonate, neutral sodium pyroN,NW diphenylethylene diThe tensile
strength of the fabric was reduced by this treatment from 45 0 to 43
11 Rkm, which corresponds to a strength loss of 4 2 % On the other
hand, the strength loss of the polyamide fabric was 30 7 % in a
cornparison test in which the additive consisting of
N,N'-diphenylethylene diamine was omitted but which in other respects
was carried out under the same conditions.
8 Strandedmaterialconsisting of synthetic polyamide yarn was treated
at a temperature of 90 C in a washing and bleaching bath with a bath
ratio of 1:50 with occasional movement of the material, the said bath
containing, per litre of tap, water, 10 gin of a "self-acting"
detergent of the following composition:
parts by weight of sodium perborate, 45 parts by weight of soap
powder, per litre.
6 parts by weight of powdered water glass, 13 parts by weight of
secondary sodium phosphate, 11 parts by weight of neutral sodium
pyrophosphate (calcined) parts by weight of N,N 1-diphenyl guanidine.
The polyamide yarn was finally rinsed in running water and dried.
The tensile strength of the polyamide yarn was reduced by this
treatment from 45 0 Rkm to 41 31 Rkmn, which corresponds to a strength
loss of 8 2 %.
With a comparative test carried out under the same conditions, but
omitting the N,NIdiphenyl guanidine, a deterioration of the tensile
strength of the polyamide yarn by 32.0,% was found.
784,911 78,1 7 9 Synthetic polyamide yamn in hank form C with
occasional movement, in a bleaching and with a bath ratio, of 1:50 was
bleached bath of the following composition:
for four hours at a temperature of about 600 4.8 gmi of active oxygen
in the form of hydrgen peroxide, per 0.1 gcn of magnesium sulphate,
litre.
1.0 cc of water glass ( 38 Be).
The bleaching bath contained 2 1 gin per litre of N,N-diphenyl
guanidine as fibre-protecting agentin the form of a suspension, the
acid N,NM-diphenyl guanidine, owing to I its low solubility, being
only partly dissolved in the bath, and being for the major part
dispersed in said bath The breakling length of the untreated polyamide
yarnm was, 45 0 km, which was shortened to, 41 5 kmn in the bleaching
process The latter therefore resulted in a deterioration in strength
by 7 81 % of the initial strength If the N,NI-diphenyl guanidine is
omitted in a comparison test carried out under otherwise the same

conditions, it is found that the deterioration in strength is 48 3 %
as compared with the initial strength.
A fabric consisting of polyamide yarn is treated in the bath ratio of
1:12 with a washing bath containing p'erborate and prepared by 10 gin
of the following washing powder mixture being dissolved per litre of
tap, water:
parts by weight of sodiumi per3,0 borate, parts by weight of soap)
powder, 6 parts by weight powdered water glass, 13 partsl by weight of
secondary sodium phosphate, '11 parts by weight of neutral sodium
pyrophlsphate, 1 part by weight of N-phenyl biguanide.
The breaking length of the polyaride yarn, which was 45 1 kmli before
the treatment, was not appreciably reduced after being treated for two
hours at 95 C When using a perborate washing bath of a similar
composition, but without the addition of N-phenyl biguanide, however,
there was a strength loss of 331 % after treatment had been carried
out for twoi hours.
11 Fabric having a warp, and weft both consisting of 60 denier yarn,
comprising fibrous polymers of e-caprolactam, was washed for two'
hours at 90 C in a washing solution which contained peroxide and to
which 0 3 ginm of benzaldoxime was added as prdotective agent per
litre of the solution.
The tensile strength of the fabric dropped after this treatment from
45 5 Rkm to 43 83 Rkm, thls corresponding to, a strength -loss of 3.7
%.
The bath had the following composition per litre:
1.0 gin of sodium perborate, 5.0 gin of soap) flalkes, 0.2 ginm of dry
water glass, 1.5 gin of calcined soda, 0.7 ginm of sordium
bicarbonate, 1.6 gin of sodium pyrophosphate, 0.3 grn of
a-benzaldoxinie.
12 Stranded material comprising fibrous polymers of e-caprolactam was
treated in a bath for two, hours: at a temerature just below boiling
point, the mlaterial being moved occasionally The bath had the
following composition:
2.5 gin of sodiumi perborate, 4.5 ginm of soap powder, 0.2 gmi of dry
water glass, 1.2 gin, of calcined soda, 0.5 gin of sodium bicarbonate,
1.1 gm of neutral sodium pyrophosphate, 0.5 gin of propionyl
hydroxamic acid, per litre.
After being washed by boiling, the strength had dropped fromi' 45 0
to, 43 02 Rkm, this being -a strength loss of 4 31 %, while the
strength loss, was 31 7 % 'in a comparative test in which, no
propionic hydroxamic acid was added.
13 A length of underwear material, comprising fibrous polymers of
e-caprelactam, was subjected to, a bleaching treatment for four hours
at a temperature of 60 C in a bath containing hydrogen peroxide.

The bath had the following composition:
4.8 gml /litre of active oxygen in the form of hydrogen peroxide ( 0 3
mol), 0.1 gin of crystallised magnesium sulphate, 1.0 cc of
commercially available water glass, 1.4 ginm of benzhydroxamnic acid (
0 01 moll).
The strength of the material, which was 45.5 Rkm, prior to the
treatment, was reduced to 44 10 Rkmn after thel bleaching, this
corresponding to a reduction of 3 1 %.
784,911 14 A hank of knitting yam, comprising fibrous polymers of
e-caprolactam, with the metric number 17 1/3 was treated for two hours
at a temperature of 90 C in a bath containing:
2.0 ginm of sodium perborate, 0.1 ginm of crystallised magnesium
sulphate, 1.0 cc of commercially available water glass, 5.0 gmn of
soap flakes, 0.5 gm of succinic dialdehyde dioxime.
After the treatment, it was established that the reduction in strength
was from 29 65 to 27 12 Rknm, this corresponding to a loss of 8.6 %.
A hank of yarn, comprising fibrous polymers cf e-caprolactamin and
having a titre of 60 deniers was washed for two hours at a temperature
of about 95 C in a bath containing per litre:
1.0 gn of sodium perborate, 5.0 gin of soap; flakes, 0.2 gmn of dry
water glass, 1 5 gmin, of calcined soda, 0.7 gin L of sodium
bicarbonate, 1.6 gin of sodium pyrophosphate, 0.5 ginm of
cyclohexanone oxime.
The strength of the yarnm was lowered from an initial value of 43 Rkm
to 39 15 Rkm, this corresponding to a strength loss of 9 O 'o.
16 A length of material consisting of 60 denier warp and weft threads,
comprising fibrous polymers of e-caprolactam, was subjected to a
washing treatment for two hours at 90 C The washing bath had the
following composition:
1.0 gin of sodium perborate, 5.0 gn L of soap, flakes, 0 2 gm of dry
water glass, 1.5 gin of calcined soda, 0.7 gin of sodium bicarbonate,
1.6 gi of sodium pyrophosphate, 0.5 gmi of succinic diamide dioxime.
The tensile strength of the weft material was reduced from 45 0 Rkm to
41 49 Rkm, this corresponding to a reduction in strength of 7.8 %.
17 Yarn, comprising fibrous polymers of e-caprolactam, in the bath
ratio of 1:60 was washed for two hours at a temperature of 90 C in a
washing bath containing, per litre, 10 gm,, of a commercially
available "autolmatic" washing powder composed of the following
constituents:
9.0 % of sodium perborate, 50.0 % of soap powder, 22.0 % of neutral
sodium pyrophosphate, 16 O % of sodium carbonate, 3.0 % of soda-water
glass.
The p H value of this washing bath was 10 1.
At the commencement of the washing operation, the bath had a peroxide

content of 0 09 gin, per litre, which was reduced in the course of two
hours to 0 03 gim per litre The breaking strength of the polyamide
yarn was 44 0 Rkm prior to the washing operation Under the influence
of the washing treatment, it was reduced to 29 7 Rkm, which
corresponds to the strength loss of 32 0 %.
On the other hand, if the same polyamide yarn is washed under the same
conditions in a washing bath containing, per litre, 10 3 grim of a
washing powder containing peroxide and having the following
composition:
9.0 parts of sodium perborate, 50.0 parts of soap powder, 22.0 parts
of neutral sodium pyrophosphate, 16.0 parts of sodium carbonate, 3.0
parts of soda-water glass, 3.0 parts of 2,4-dichloroaniline, the
tensile srrengm of this polyamide yarn is reduced from 44 0 Rkm to 42
1 Rkm, this corresponding to a strength loss of 6 6 %.
Owing to the use of the fibre-protecting agent according to the
invention, the reduction in strength of the polyamide yarn due to the
influence of the peroxide is only about one fifth of that which occurs
when no fibre-protecting agents are present 18 Stranded material
consisting of synthetic polyamide yarn was treated in the bath ratio
of about 1: 50 with occasional movement at a temperature of 90 C in a
washing and bleaching bath containing, per litre of tap water, 10 gin
of an "automatic" detergent of the following composition:
25.0 parts by weight of sodium perborate, 45.0 parts by weight of soap
powder, 6.0 parts by weight of powdered water glass, 13.0 parts by
weight of secondary 105 sodium phosphate, 11.0 parts by weight of
calcined neutral sodium pyrophosphate, 5.0 parts by weight of
NNdiphenyl guanidine 110The polyamide yarn was finally rinsed in
running water and dried.
The tensile strength of the polyamide yam was reduced by this
treatment from 45 O Rkm to 41 31 Rkm this corresponding to a 115 drop
in strength of 8 2 '.
In a comparative test carried out under the sam conditions, but with
the N,NL-diphenyl guanidine omitted, it was established that the
tensile strength of the polyamide yam deteri 120 orated by 32 0 %.
19 Synthetic polyanmide yarn in hank form was bleached for four hours
at a temperature of about 60 C with occasional movemnent, in a
bleaching bath of the following composiion: 125 4.8 gm, /litre of
active oxygen in the form, of hydrogen peroxide, 0.1 gni /litre of
magnesium sulphate, 1.0 cc /litre of soda-water glass ( 38 B 6), the
bath ratio being 1:50 130 a 784,911 strength value.
Examples of the use of another series of substances, which are
outstanding as protective agents against the action of peroxide on
polyamide fibres, are reproduced in the two tables below.
The first table relates to four bleaching treatments in the presence

of different protective agents in the bleaching bath with 4 8 gin.
of active oxygen at 60 C, and over a period of four hours, the
strengths of the polyamide fibres being given in Rkm, prior to, and
after the treatment, and their difference also being given as a
percentage loss In, each case; slight strength losses have occurred,
but these are far smaller than the loss which, in the same bleaching
bath without protective agent, is 381 %; the, protective agent
employed is indicated in table 1.
As protective agent for the fibres, the bleaching bath contained, in
the form of a suspension, 2 1 gmi/litre of N,NL-diphenyl guanidine,
which was only partially dissolved in the bleaching bath, owing to;
its low solubility, the said N,l-diphenyl guanidine being for the
major part dispersed in said bath.
Upon completion of the bleaching process, the bleached material was
rinsed with water in the usual way and dried The breaking length of
the untreated polyamide yarn was 45 0 Rkm', this being reduced during
the bleaching procress to, 41 5 Rkm, The bleaching process had
therefore resulted in a deterioration of the strength by 7 81 % of the
initial strength.
However, if the N,N'-diphenyl guranidine is not added in a comparative
test carried out under otherwise the same conditions, the strength is
lowered by 48 3 % of the initial Ist TABLE:
p H value of the bleaching bath Hydrogen peroxide ( 4.8 gm/litre of
active oxygen), 1 cc of water glass, 0.1 gin of magnesium sulphate,
0.1 gin of sodium hydroxide, 2.4 gin of benztriazide ( 0.02 mol).
Hydrogen peroxide ( 4.8 gm/litre of active oxygen) 1.5 cc of water
glass, 0.1 gin of magnesium sulphate, 2.4 gm of benzimidazole ( 0.02
mol).
8.8 9.0 Rkm of Rkm of Strength loss untreated treated in % of the
fibrous o-capro fibrous e-capro initial lactam polym r lactam polymer
strength 46.3 46.0 45.0 45.06 2.8 % 2.0 % Hydrogen peroxide ( 4.8
gm/litre of active oxygen), 1 cc of water glass, 0.1 gin of magnesium
sulphate, 2.7 gin of N,Nl-dimethylp-phenylene diamine ( 0.02 mol).
Hydrogen peroxide ( 4.8 gm/litre of active oxygen), 1 cc of water
glass, 0.1 gin of magnesium sulphate, 2.4 gin, of 1,6-hexa methylene
diamine ( 0.02 mol).
309.2 10.0 48.0 46.0 47.97 38 97 0 % 15.2 % 784,91 i The second table
relates to five different detergent treatments with active oxygen in
the form of perborate.
The bath composition is the same, except for the protective agent
being actually employed: 10 gm of the following washing powder mixture
were used per litre:
5.7 igm.
1.5 gm,.

0 75 gmn.
0.75 gin.
0.6 gni.
0.7 gin.
10.0 gin.
of soda soap,of calcined soda, of sodium pyrophosphate, of
tripolyphosphate, of sodium perborate, of dry water glass.
per litre of bath liquid.
Added to this mixture were certain amounts of protective agent The
washing baths were brought within an hour to a temperature of 900 C
and then maintained at this temperature for one hour The "Rkm:
untreated" in the table indicates the initial strength of the
material, and "Rkmn treated" represents the tensile strength, after
the material has been treated for two hours in the perborate washing
bath having the above composition The strength losses were between O 5
% and l Q% with all washing treatments using protective agents, while
a comparative test with the same washing bath but without a protective
agent showed a strength loss of 33 20 o.
2nd TABLE
Rkm of untreated fibrous e-caprolactam polymer Rk of Strength loss
treated in % of the fibrous e-capro initial lactam polymer strength Gm
washing powder per litre, about 0.1 gin of dimnetiyl
4,41-diamino-diplhenyl methaone Gm of washing powder per litre, about
0.4 gin of dimethyl4,41-diamina-diplhenyl methane Gm of washing powder
per litre about 0.3 gin of methylene di-p-toaluidine gin of washing
powder per litre, about 0.3 gin of inethylene dianiline gin of washing
powder per litre, about 0.3 gin of,Nldipkenyl benzidine Specification
No 746,046 describes and claims a) process for treating materials
which are susceptible to ultra-violet rays or responsive to, optical
brightening, wherein the material is treated with a colourless or
almost colourless compound which exhibits in solution or when applied
to a substratum a greenblue to violet fluorescence in ultra-violet
light or in daylight and contains one or more 1: 3: 4-ox-diazole
rings.
We make no claim herein to anything claimed in the said Specification.
We declare that, subject to the foregoing disclaimer, what we clam
is:1 A process for washing or bleaching fibres, spun yarns, woven and
knitted fabrics containing synthetic polyamides, or articles made
therefrom, if desired together with other fibrous materials, with
per-compounds, wherein the treatment is carried out in the presence of
an organic nitrogen compound which contains at least one N-atom which
is linked to at least one H-atom, or with an oxidation product of such
an organic nitrogen compound.
2 A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the washing or bleaching is

effected with a detergent or bleaching agent or bleaching p H value of
the bleaching bath 10:2: 45.0 10.2 40.59 45.27 45.5 10.2 10.2 10.2
45.0 45.0 45.5 40.86 40.50 41.32 9.2 '> O " 9.2 % O 784,911 1-0 16 A
process as claimed in claimn 12, wherein the organic nitrogen compound
is a urea derivative.
17 A process as claimed in claim 16, where 55 in the organic nitrogen
compound is a urea derivative which is substituted by an aromatic
radical.
18 A process as claimed in claim 10, wherein the organic nitrogen
compound is, N 60 hydroxy-N 1-phenyl urea.
19 A process; as claimed in claim 10, wherein the organic nitrogen
compound is phenyl biguanide.
A process, for washing or bleaching 65 fibres, spun yarns, woven and
therefrom, if desired together with other fibrous materials, with
per-compounds substantially as described with reference to any 70 one
of the Examples.
21 Fibres, spun yarns, woven and knitted fabrics containing synthetic
polyamides, or articles made therefrom, if desired together with other
fibrous materials, whenever washed 75 or bleached with per-compounds,
by the process claimed in any of the preceding claims.
22 A process for washing or bleaching fibres, spun yarns, woven and
knitted fabrics conraining synthetic polyamides, or articles 80 made
therefrora, if desired together with other fibrous materials, to,
increase their resistance to attack by per-compounds, which comprises
treating said fibrous materials with an organic nitrogen compound as
defined in claim 1 or 85 in any 9 f claims 5 to 19.
23 A process for washing or bleaching fibres, spun yarns, woven and
therefroml, if desired together with other 90 fibrous materials, to
increase their resistance to attack by per-compounds, which comprises
incorporating in said fibrous materials during their manufacture an
organic nitrogen coinpound as defined in claim 1 or in any of 95
claims 5-19.
ELKINGTON & FIFE, Consulting Chemists and Chartered Patent Agents,
Bank Chambers, 329 High Holborn, London, W C 1, Agents for the
Applicants.
bath to which the organic nitiogeni compound, has been added.
3 A process; as claimed in claim 1, where" in the fibres or the
articles manufactured therefrom are initially treated with the organic
nitrogen compound prior to washing or bleaching with a per-compound.
compounds are incorporated in the fibres, during their manufacture and
the fibres or articles manufactured therefrom are substantially washed

or bleached.
A process as claimed inj claim 1, wherein the organic nitrogen
compound is a primrary or secondary amine or oxidation product
thereof.
compound is an oxime or hydroxamic acid.
compound is an aromatic primary or secondary amino, comn pound.
compound is o-chloroeaniline or p-chloroaniline or N-mano-substituted
derivative thereof.
9 A process as claimed in; claim 7, wherein the organic nitrogen
compound is 2:4 or 2:5-dichloroaniline or an aromatically N-mono
substituted derivative thereof.
A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic nitrogen compound
has at least two juxtaposed or non-juxtaposed N-atoms, of which at
least one carries an H-atom.
compound is methylene diamine or a derivative or salt thereof.
12 A process; as claimed in claim 11, wherein the organic nitrogen
compound is methylene diamine or a derivative or salt thereof.
compound is methylene dianiline or methylene ditoluidine or a salt
thereof.
compound is a guanidine compound.
A process as claimed in; claim 10, wherein the organic nitrogen
compound is N,Nldiphenyl guanidine.
Leamington Spa: Printed for Her Majesty's Stationery Office, by the
Courier Press -1958.
Published at The Patent Office, 25, Southampton Buildings, London, W C
2, from which copies may be obtained.
754,91 i
* Sitemap
* Accessibility
* Legal notice
* Terms of use
* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB784912 (A)

Description: GB784912 (A) ? 1957-10-16
Improvements in or relating to electrical plug terminals
BE536775 (A) CH336106 (A) DE1014620 (B) FR1121249 (A)
US2903670 (A)
BE536775 (A) CH336106 (A) DE1014620 (B) FR1121249 (A)
US2903670 (A) less
76 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: March 22,
1955.
No 8305155.
Application made in United States of America on March 24, 1954.
Index at acceptance:-Class 38 ( 1), E 3 (A 1: A 2: A 6 C: B 7: C 6 C:
D 2), E 22 A.
International Classification:-H 02 f.
COM O PLETE S'PECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Electrical
Plug Terminals We, AMP INCORPORATED, formerly known, as
Aircraft-Mlarine Products Inc, a corporation organised and existing
under the laws of the State of New Jersey, United States of America,
of Eisenhower Boulevard, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States of
America, formerly of 2100 'Paxton Street, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania,
United States of America, do hereby declare the invention,, for which
we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it

is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the
following statement: -
This invention relates to electrical plug terminais of the snap-in
lock type.
In the conventional type of snap-in lock plug terminals, a metallic
pin coantact element, usually formed by machining or casting is
secured to the end of a lead conductor and inserted and retained in a
plug receiving receptacle by means of a wire spring detent and
cooperating recess arrangement 'Commonly, the recess takes the form of
an annular groove on the pin element with the detent being a wire
spring mounted in the sidewalls of the receptacle, although the
reverse arrangement wherein the spring detent consists of a wire
insert within the contact pin is also utilized.
In either case the inclusion of a wire spring in the plug contact
assembly has several disadvantages, among these being that the wire
detent is particularly subject to distortion through accidental
mishandling or abuse, or through acquisition of a permanent set due
ito cont inued use Obviously, setting of the spring from its original
character would impair or perhaps destroy its effectiveness to hold
the plug terminal in place.
Plug terminals in the conventional form are generally restricted to
uninsulated metallic construction which obvlously requires that the
plug receptacle be of electrical insulating material even though a
metallic structure may be preferred as where strength as a design
factor In addition, the conventional plug terminal has the further
disadvantage of not being wholly insertable in the receptacle, the l},
exposed portion including the point at which the lead conductor is
affixed to the terminal.
In order to protect the plug terminal from short-circuiting and from
breakage at the point of connection, it has been the practice in many
instances to provide for the assembly some form of separate covering,
usually being eithei a separate covering element placed over the
assembly after connection, or a molded insulation surrounding the
exposed portion of the plug terminal, which adds to the difliculty and
expense of manufacture.
According to the invention there is provided an electrical plug
terminal for insertion in a plug-receiving receptacle having detent
means therein, said terminal comprising a conact member, a long thin
generally cylindrical annular surrounding sleeve of tough flexible
insulating material slipped over and longitudinally locked upon said
member, an annuiar groove on said sleeve adjacent one end for
co-operating with the detent means to retain he terminal in the
receptacle, said sleeve in ithe region adjacent said groove being
spatially disposed relative to said contact member across a small

annular gap whereby said groove can be squeezed into and out of
cooperation with the detent means for removably securing the terminal
in the receptacle.
In a preferred embodiment the forward end of the resilient sleeve is
inclined to provide a ramp adapted to be engaged by the detent upon
insertion of the terminal into the receptacle, the ramp being arranged
yieldably to obstruct movement of the recess into co-operaitive
relationship with the detent.
In order that the invention may be more clearly understood reference
will now be made to the accompanying drawings which show one specific
embodiment thereof by way of example 'and in which:
Figure 1 is a fragmentary view in cross section 'of a typical form of
plug receptacle for the purpose of illustrating the manner in' which
the plug terminal may be mounted tierein;' Figure 2 is a fragmentary
plan view of the 4,9 12 plug receptacle; and Figure 3 is a view in
cross section of the plug terminal.
In order to illustrate the objectives of the present invention it will
be described in connection with one particular form the cooperating
plug and receptacle may take It is to be understood, however, that the
invention may be adapted cto other forms of plugs and receptacles
according to the applications and purposes for which the plug assembly
is designed Referring to Figure 1, generally designated at 1 is a plug
receptacle in which a plug terminal, generally designated at 3, is
inserted and thereby retained in electrical conoact with a cooperating
contact element, not shown, that may be an integral part of receptacle
1 or external thereto, the form of such contact element being
immaterial from the point of view of the present invention While the
contact portion of plug terminal 3 may take any convenient formn, for
purposes of illustration, however, plug 3 ' includes a pin contact
nose 5 extending beyond the rear side of receptacle 1 whereby to
engage with an external contact element Receptacle 1 may be of any
suitable material, either electrical conducting or non-conducting, and
typically is provided with a plug receiving aperture 2 into which
projects a keeper or detent 4 that serves to retain plug terminal 3 in
the receptacle in a manner to be described Detent 4, in the embodiment
disclosed, is simply formed by providing a lip on the rear face of the
receptacle which extends over a small segment of aperture 2 as shown
in Figure 2.
In the preferred embodiment of ithe invendion plug 3 generally
includes a pin contact body 6 of any suitable conducting material,
which is mounted in a sleeve 8 of insulating material, such as nylon
or eother suitable plastic material having sufficient resilience and
flexibility It is contemplated that insulating sleeve 8 should
substantially enclose pin contact body; 6 whereby upon insertion into

the aperture 2 the engagement areas of receptacle 1 and plug 3 will be
between sleeve 8 and the side walls of aperture 2, the conductive
contact body 6 being fully insulated from receptacle 1 Contact body 6,
however, may be of sufficient length, as at pin 5, to project from the
insetion, end of sleeve 8 a sufficient distance to provide an external
contact surface for the plug.
While sleeve:8 may be directly molded over contact body 6, it is
preferred that the elements be separately formed to facilitate
automatic manufacture, sleeve 8 being separately molded and contact
body 16 being stamped from sheet metal stock and rolled into tubular
form;as shown in Figure 3 To maintain the elements assembled a shank
section 10 of contact body 6 is enlarged in diameter to provide a
shoulder 11 which cooperates vwith an annular stop shoulder 12 within
sleeve 8 and serve to limit the insertion of contact body 6 within the
sleeve Enlarged shank section 10 is provided with 'a flared end 14
which, by virtue of having a larger diameter than an internal annular
bead 15 in the end of sleeve 8, snaps 70 into a cooperating groove 16,
after distending the end of sleeve 8 at bead 15, concomitant with
shoulder 11 abutting shoulder 12 Bead 15, after contractioif behind
flared end 14, serves to retain contact body 6 within sleeve S 75 A
stop shoulder 17 formed by enlarging the end section 18 of sleeve 8
defines the limnit of insertion of the plug into aperture 2 by
engaging the face of receptacle 1 The plug is retained in the
receptacle by means of an annu 80 lar groove 20 in the insertion end
of the sleeve 8, groove 20 providing a recess for seating detent 4
coincident with shoulder 17 engaging the face of receptacle 1 It is
contemplated, of course, that detent 4 shall extend 85 sufficiently
far into aperture 2 so as to prevent free passage of ithe plug
therethrough.
Hence, to permit groove 20 to be moved into cooperative relationship
with detent 4, 'the forward end of sleeve 8 is relieved from contact
90 body 6, as by enlarging at 21 the inner diameter 'thereof, whereby
as the plug is inserted into the receptacle, sleeve 8 may yield under
pressure from detent 4 After detent 4 seats in groove 20, 'the forward
end of sleeve 8 95 maps back into its original shape thereby to
maintain the plug in position.
The forward edge of sleeve 8 S may be inclined to form a ramp or
camming surface 22 to guide more efficiently detent 4 to groove 100
20.
As best shown in Figure 3, the plug 3 constitutes the terminal of an
electrical lead 23 which may be secured to contact body 6 by any
suitable means It is preferred, however, 105 that the diameters of the
insula ted portion 24 and the stripped portion 25 of lead 23 be
substantially the same as the diameters of enlarged shank 10 and nose

5, respectively, of contact body 6 which may thus be suitably 110
crimped or swaged to lead 23, as by indentations 26, within that
portion of plug 3 which is received in receptacle 1 As thus connected,
when the plug is mounted in the receptacle the points at which contact
body 6 are secured 115 to lead 23 are within the body of the
receptacle, and hence, are fully protected from external shock.
It will be evident that improved means are provided whereby the
failure of a plug of the 120 snap-in type due to setting or distortion
of the snap member is minimized Moreover, it is to be noted that even
should the yieldable forward end of sleeve 8 become slightly
distorted, no impairment of the locking function 125 thereof results
since the forward end of sleeve 8, including ramp 22, is forced to
conform to the desired shape in order to reenter aperture 2 during
withdrawal of he plug from the receptacle 130 784,9,12 and
longitudinally locked upon said member, 65 an annular groove on said
sleeve adjacent one end for co-operating with the detent means o
retain the terminal in,,the receptacle, said sleeve in the region
adjacent said groove being spatially disposed relative to said contact
mem 70 ber across a small annular gap whereby said groove can be
squeezed into and out of cooperation with the detent means for
removably securing the 'terminal in the receptacle.
* Sitemap
* Accessibility
* Legal notice
* Terms of use
* 5.8.23.4; 93p

4501 4505.output

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (10)

Viewers also liked

Viewers also liked (15)

Similar to 4501 4505.output

Similar to 4501 4505.output (20)

More from j1075017

More from j1075017 (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

4501 4505.output