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4. INTRODUCTION
• The word ‘Geometry’comes from Greek word
‘geo’meaning the ‘earth’and ‘metrein’meaning
to ‘measure’. Geometry appears to have
originated from the need for measuring land.
• Nearly 5000 years ago geometry originated in
Egypt as an art of earth measurement. Egyptian
geometry was the statements of results.
• The knowledge of geometry passed from
Egyptians to the Greeks and many Greek
mathematicians worked on geometry. The Greeks
developed geometry in a systematic manner.
5. • Euclid was the first Greek Mathematician who
initiated a new way of thinking the study of
geometry.
• He introduced the method of proving a
geometrical result by deductive reasoning based
upon previously proved result and some self
evident specific assumptions called AXIOMS.
• The geometry of plane figure is known as ‘
Euclidean Geometry ’. Euclid is known as the
father of geometry.
• His work is found in Thirteen books called ‘
The Elements ’.
6. EUCLID’S DEFINITIONS
Some of the definitions made by Euclid in volume I of ‘The Elements’
that we take for granted today are as follows :-
A point is that which has no part
A line is breadth less length
The ends of a line are points
A straight line is that which has length only
7. Continued…...
The edges of a surface are lines
A plane surface is a surface which lies
evenly with the straight lines on itself
o Axioms or postulates are the
assumptions which are obvious universal
truths. They are not proved.
8. EUCLID’S AXIOMs
SOME OF EUCLID’S AXIOMS WERE :-
Things which are equal to the same thing are
equal to one another.
i.e. if a=c and b=c then a=b.
Here a, b and c are same kind of things.
If equals are added to equals, the wholes are
equal.
i.e. if a=b and c=d, then a+c = b+d
Also a=b then this implies that a+c = b+c .
9. Continued…..
If equals are subtracted, the remainders are
equal.
Things which coincide with one another are
equal to one another.
Things which are double of the same things
are equal to one another
10. Continued…..
The whole is greater than the part. That is if
a > b then there exists c such that a =b + c.
Here, b is a part of a and therefore, a is
greater than b.
Things which are halves of the same things
are equal to one another.