1. Submitted by:-
Isha Ranjan
12EARIT026
Information Technology

2. Authentication depends on :-
• What we have :- Smart cards
• What we know :- Passwords
• What we are :- Biometrics

3. Lets Define !
“A biometric is a physiological
or behavioral characteristic of a
human being that can distinguish
one person from another and that
theoretically can be used for
identification or verification of
identity.”

4. Why Biometrics?
Identity thefts
Something we know can be
stolen
Predicted or hacked
Reliability on manual
verification

5. Biometric Authentication Process :-
Two step process:-
• Acquisition
• Creation of Master characteristics
• Storage of Master characteristics
Comparison of data
•Acquisition(s)
•Comparison
•Decision
Storing of Data

6. Application Categories :-
Biometric applications available today
are categorized into 2 sectors :-
Psychological :- Iris, Fingerprints,
Hand, Retinal and Face recognition
Behavioral :- Voice, Typing pattern,
Signature

7. Fingerprint techniques :-
Optical
Capacitive
Ultrasonic

8. Fingerprint recognition :-
 Divides print into
loops, whorls and
arch
 Calculates minutiae
points (ridge endings)
 Comparisons
 Authentication

9. Storage of Master Characteristics :-

10. Retinal Scanning :-
 User looks straight into retinal reader
 Scan using low intensity infrared light
 Beam of light traces a standardized path
on the retina
 retinal blood vessels absorb light more
readily than the surrounding tissue
 The pattern is digitized and stored in
a database

11. Iris Scanner :-
 Iris recognition uses camera technology
with subtle infrared illumination
 It acquire images of the detail rich
structures of the iris
 Digital templates encoded from these
patterns by mathematical and statistical
algorithms allow unambiguous positive
identification of an individual

12. Face recognition :-
 Facial recognition algorithms identify facial
features by extracting landmarks, or features,
from an image of the subject's face.
 These features are then used to search for other
images with matching features.
 A probe image is then compared with the face
data.
 Recognition algorithms can be divided into two
main approaches :-
• geometric :- looks at distinguishing features
• photometric :- statistical approach that distils
an image into values and compares the values
with templates to eliminate variances.

13. Geometric :-

14. Photometric :-
Statistical approach
that distils an image
into values and
compares the values
with templates to
eliminate variances.

15. Behavioral :-
Voice
Signature
Typing pattern

16. Voice Recognition :-
 It is identification of a person
from characteristics of voice.
 Characteristics like voice pitch,
speaking style, pauses etc.
 Each voice recognition system
has two phases:
• Enrolment
• Verification

17. Enrolment :-
 The speaker's voice is recorded.
 A number of features are extracted
to form a voice print.
Verification :-
 A speech sample or "utterance" is
compared against a previously
created voice print

18. Signature Recognition :-
 Signature verification analyzes
the way a user signs her name.
 Signature measures (dynamic)
 Speed
 Pressure
Handwriting Style

19. Two types of digital handwritten
signature authentication :-
 Static :- Comparison between one scanned
signature and another scanned signature, or
a scanned signature against an ink signature
using advance algorithms.
 Dynamic :- Data is captured along with the
X,Y,T and P Coordinates of the signor from
the signing device. To create a biometric
template from which dynamic signatures can
be authenticated

20. Current applications :-
 Banks
 Mobile Phones
 Attendance System
 Forensic Science Department
 Immigration facilities across
countries

21. Conclusion :-
While biometrics technology provides a strong user
authentication solution, there are other variables to be
considered in the authentication protocol. When a
high level of security is needed, it is recommended
that you combine other authentication factors with
biometrics. When you combine what you know, what
you have, and what you are, you will have achieved
the highest level of security across multiple
applications and systems. According to information
made available by the International Biometrics
Group, “there is no one right biometrics technology
for every application.”