These essays are written by my students o first year Bachillerato.

1. 2018/19
TOPICS FOR EBAU
STUDENTS FIRST BACHILLERATO
-

2. Hobbies and free time activities. (By
Irene)
Concepts/ Ideas:
 Typesof hobbies(outside,athome…).
 Strange hobbies.
 Commonhobbies(read,sports…).
 How hobbiesaffectpeople’s lives?
 Individual andcollective hobbies.
 Thingsthat we needif we will practice ahobby.
 Hobbiesinthe history.
 Definition.
 Personal opinion.
 Hobbiesindifferentcountries.
Vocabulary related:
Relax,satisfaction,beneficial,healthy,outside,gym, home,socialization,sports,cook,read,
watch seriesandfilms,ride ahorse,dance,listentomusic,yoga,write,playaninstrument,
photography,gardening,paint,playvideogames,sing.
Essay:
There are as manyhobbiesaspeople,from sports,reading,cooking,watchingseriesandfilms
to the most weirdones,suchas,collectinginsectsormooing (makingthe soundof acow)
whichisa bizarre hobbies in Wisconsin USA.Mostof these typesof activitiesare beneficial
for mental andphysical heath.
There are hobbiescanbe done at home suchas reading,cooking,listeningtomusic…;
however, there are otherswhichcanbe practicedoutside,inagym, etc. forexample sports,
ridinga horse, dancing…Furthermore,hobbies canbe individualorcollective.Collective
hobbies improveourabilitiesof socializationandwe canmeetnew people.
In addition,hobbieshelpustoforgetour problemsorbreakour routine.Moreover,we will get
inshape if we practice a hobbythat requiresaphysical activity. Hobbieshelpustofindout
newtalentsaswell astheyhelpusto relax.
In conclusion,hobbiesare averygoodoptionto take whenwe have got free time because
they make us feel differentemotions.Apartfromthat,people whopractice hobbies are more
relaxed thanpeople whodon’tpractice them.

3. CARS AND DRIVING (By PAULA)
Essay.
Nowadays,carshave changed a lot. Some years ago most of them were gasoline, some years
laterthe diesel appeared,andnow there are hybridandelectriccars.The worldof the engines
and cars not onlyhas improvedthisbutalsothe security,the comfortinside the car,decreases
accident risks, the facilities when you are driving, and a lot of more things that I am going to
mention here.
On the one hand,if you have a car youhave a lot of independence,forexample,if you have to
go somewhere, to school, at the university… you could go in your own car. Or if you have an
emergency, the most comfortable is going in your own car. Other positive points are the
privacy compared to using public transport, the absolute freedom on deciding the schedule
and roadsto reach your destination, apersondoesn’thave toworryabout the dust, noise and
fumes present in the roads, and a lot of more things.
On the otherhand,cars are poisonoustothe environmentbecause theyexpeltoxicsubstances
intothe air, whichcause a lot of pollutionandthis isn’tbeneficious to the world health. Other
negative point is the money that you have to spend in oil for the car, and to keep in good
conditionthe car withfrequentvisitstothe garage. Anotherdrawbackis the riskthat you have
when you are a long time driving because staying a lot of time in the road is dangerous, the
city travellers have to spend longer hours on traffic jams.
In myview,Ipreferhaving a car because everythingis easierandmore comfortable, and even
cheaper than other possible options… but always with a lot of care!
BRAINSTORM:
Introduction:
-Types of car as their oil.
-Evolution.
For:
-Why you should have a car.
-The independence, the freedom and the comfort of the car.

4. Against:
-Pollution.
-The cost of the car.
-The risks in the roads.
-Traffic jams.
Conclusion:
-Convenience.
-Facility.
-Cheap.
VOCABULARY:
-Gasoline
-Diesel
-Hybrid
-Electric
-Engines
-Comfort
-Risk
-Independence
-Own
-Privacy
-Freedom
-Schedule
-Road
-Destination
-Poisonous
-Environment
-Toxic
-Substances
-Pollution
-Health
-Condition
-Garage
-Travellers
-Traffic jams
-Care

5. SOCIAL NETWORK (By Luis)
FAQ( Frequently Asked Questions):
What issocial network?
How doyou use social network?
Is itpositive touse social network?
What range of agesuse social networksthe most?
What are the applications?
What are the dangersof usingsocial network?
VOCABULARY
Social Network:adedicatedwebsite orotherapplicationwhichenablesuserstocommunicate
witheachotherby postinginformation,comments,messages,images,etc
Profile:aside view,outline,orrepresentationof anobject,esp.of a humanface or head
Sign up:meanstoregisterinan account or profile
Instagram:It is a social networkandapplication....Itsuserscanalsoapplyphotographiceffects
such as filters,frames,thermal similarities,underlyingareasinthe concave bases,retrocolors,
and thenshare the photographsinthe same social networkorin otherslike Facebook
App: isa programthat can be installedonmobile devicesandcomputersforthe userto
performdifferenttypesof tasks
Website:A website,therefore,isavirtual space on the Internet.Itisa set of webpagesthat
are accessible fromthe same domainorsubdomainof the World
Password: The passwordservesasa protectionandas a security mechanism:those whodo
not knowthe passwordcannotaccess the resource inquestion
User:That he has the rightto use an alienthingwithcertainlimitations
URL: is the abbreviationsinEnglishof UniformResource Locator,thatinSpanishmeans
UniformLocator of Resources.Assuch,the URL is the specificaddressthatisassignedtoeach
of the available resourcesinthe networkinorderthatthese canbe locatedoridentified
Username:A username isthe unique name youuse toidentifyyourself
SPAM: Unsolicitedemail thatissenttoa large numberof recipientsforadvertisingor
commercial purposes

6. Lol:(laughingoutloud) Itisusedtoindicate thatsomethingisfunny
OMG:(Oh myGod!) It isan expressionusedtoexpresssurprise
BTW: (bythe way) Thisexpressionwantsto"onpurpose".
Lmk:(letme know) Thismeans"youalreadytell me something"
Brb: (Be rightback) It means"I'll be right back"
G2G: Got to go) It translatesas:"I leave you","Ihave to go"
IMHO:(Inmy humble opinion).Thisisanabbreviationthatisusedtoliterallysay"inmyhonest
(humble) opinion"
ESSAY:
Many people are social mediafanatics.Theyare alwayslookingattheirmobile phonesor
tabletsandupdatingtheirTwitterorFacebookaccounts.Theytake picturesof whatthey eat
or of themselves,whichiscalled"selfies".Whenpeople are notoversharing,theyare
constantlylookingatwhatfriendsandfamilymembersare posting.Social mediamaybecome
addicting.
Researchshowsthatmost people spendonaverage almost4hoursa day on social networking
sites.That'salmost30 hours a week.While some people needanduse social mediaforwork
or to stay intouch withfriends,otherpeople findthatusingsocial mediasomuchcauses
anxietyandstress.
Some decidedtoconnect withfriendsbyactuallysittingdownandhavingface-to-face
conversations.If friendsorlovedoneswere faraway,theywouldcall themonthe telephone
instead.Some evenwrote handwrittenpostcardsorletters.
To sum up,the resultswere mixed.Somepeople feltthatnotusingsocial mediamade them
more anxious. Othersthinkthatsocial mediacanhelpusto keepincontact withthe world
surroundedusandwe can eventake advantagesof social networkstolookforjobsor to find
informationorpeople´sopinions.
Links:
https://nerdymates.com/blog/social-media-essay

7. EDUCATION(By Cesar)
VOCABULARY
Backpack,
Book,
Bookcase,
Break,
Cafeteria,
Calculator,
Calendar,
Chalk,
Chalkboard,
Choir,
Class,
Clamase,
Classroom,
Computer,
Counselor,
Course,
Crayon,
Degree,
Desk,
Diploma,
Dorm,
Elementaryschool
Encyclopedia,
Eraser,
Exam,

8. Links:
https://ingles.celeberrima.com/lista-76-ejemplos-vocabulario-escuela-school-en-ingles-y-
espanol/
https://es.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_educativo_de_España
http://noticias.universia.es/educacion/noticia/2018/01/12/1157360/6-lecciones-aprender-
sistema-educativo-finlandes.html
Video:
https://youtu.be/2HGu5zyq5yI
Essay.
Educationisone of the most importantissues inthe world,becauseitmakesourideasgrow
and improve the world.Althoughanyone givestheiropinionaboutthe educationalsystem,not
everyone knowshowitworks.
The educational systeminSpainisdividedintofivelevelsof education:
Pre-primary (0-6),primary(6-12) and secondary(12-16) are compulsoryandthenyoucan
choose bachillerato,vocational traininganduniversity.
There are manypeople whocriticize the model of educationinSpain
For me the bestmodel of educationisthe one theyuse inFinland.
TraininginFinlandstartsearlierthaninmostcountries.Evenbefore havinghomeworkand
startingto meetschedules,childrensimplylearntobe children.
An importantfeature isthattheyneverhave anyhomework,sotheywill have more timeto
learnothervalues withtheirfamilies.Also,The Finnishlaw establishes15minutesof restfor
every45 minutesof teaching.
Finally,eventhoughthe Spanisheducationalsystemistryingtomake aneffortto improve the
children´scompetence,we are still farawayfromthe innovative teachingtechniqueswhich
othercountrieslike Finlandare using.If all countriesencouragednew andinnovativeteaching
techniques,educationwouldsurelybe verydifferenttoday.

9. CINEMA (By Teresa)
Essay.
Cinema it´s considerate the seventh art , seen that all of us have gone to watch a film at
least once in our lives. And if you didn´t go to cinema in your whole life, I mean, may be
you are an alien!
Cinema was born the 28th December of 1895 with the creation of the cinematograph,
that was invented by Lumiere brothers. These brothers showed off their invention in
Paris with a quick screening of a train arriving to a station. Although this video was
actually short, that night went down in history.
Furthermore, Hollywood has given us the most important classic films of cinema´s
history, which you must watch: Singing in the Rain, The Godfather or The Sting.
The film director Godard said one time that the photography was the truth but the
cinema was a truth twenty-four times per second. As far as I concerned, the cinema as
the novels are some of the best things in the world, because you can learn at the same
time you feel and entertain yourself.
USEFULVOCABULARY
action film
documentary film
cartoon
detective film
comedy
cameraman
musical
short-lengthfilm
science-long film
commercial
western
cinema review
cast
role
producer
screenwriter
supportingactor
titles
extras

10. BRAINSTORMING
History of cinema
Evolution of cinema
The best movies
Cinema in Spain
My favourite movies
The best Spanish movies
LINKS
https://www.imdb.com/list/ls055592025/ For the best movies
https://www.infoplease.com/arts-entertainment/movies-and-videos/top-100-movie-
quotes For the best movie quotes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1dgLEDdFddk To watch the first video ever

11. MOBILE PHONES (By Antonio)
Essay.
Mobile Phonesare becomingextremelypopularelectronicdevicesforpeopletopurchase and
insome instances,theyare evenreplacinghousephone.Mobile phonescanalsobe usedto
lookup weatheroranswer to questionsonsearchengines.
On the one hand,mobile phonesallow accesstothe internetwhichcanhelpa childto get
answerstoquestionsveryquicklyandeasily.Moreover,mobile phonecanbe importantin
emergencysituations,forinstance whenanoldmanneedstoquicklygetintouch.
On the otherhand,cheatingwithmobile phonehasbecome ahuge issue inmanyschools,
studentscantextanswersundertheirdesksduringthe test,if the childis caughtcheating,
theycan face seriousconsequences.Furthermore,mobile phonescanbe verydistractingfor
more importanteventsinachild´slife suchas studyinganddoinghomework,alsoyoung
people can getintotrouble if theysend sexual messagesorpicturestoanotherperson.

12. To sum up,althoughmobile phonesare technological objects,theyare verydangerous,mainly
amongyoungpeople,because theycanbe usedtoattack otherchildrensothisis
cyberbullying.
BRAINSTORM
 INTRO:
 Importance tomobile phone.
 Substitution.
 Search.
 For:
 Accessto internetanywhere,anytime.
 Emergencysituations.
 Get intouch aroundthe word.
 Against:
 Cheatinganexam.
 A distractioninthe classor anothersituation.
 Sendunproperlythings.
VOCABULARY
 Electronicdevices
 Searchengines
 Access
 Emergencysituations
 Get intouch
 Cheating
 Issue
 Distracting
 Technological
 Cyberbullying
 Weather

13. Relationship or Friendship (Cecilia)
WHAT IS A RELATIONSHIP?
A relationship is a close friendship between two people, especially one
involving romantic or sexual feelings.
WHAT IS A FRIENDSHIP?
A friendship is a situation in which two or more people know well abouteachother and
theytrust and like eachother,buttheyaren´tmembersof their familyora couple.
RELATIONSHIP
Beenina HEALTHY relationshiphave alotof advantages,forexample:
 You wina lotof experience
 You learnto trust
 You have an unconditional support
 You learnto tolerate
 You can be yourself
 You can make planstogether
 You have sex (itdependsonthe age)
 Andespeciallyyoulearn tolove andto be loved
But havinga relationshipissomethingthatnoteveryone isable tohave orkeep.Beingina
relationshiprequiresacommitmentwiththe otherperson.
Thiscommitmentrequires:
 Be loyal
 Have time to spendwiththe otherperson
 Helpthe otherpersonwhenhe/she needsit
 Be patient
 Acceptthe defectsof the otherpersonand helptoimprove his/herdefects
 Learn to leave space whenthe otherpersonneedsit
 You have to trust inthe otherone and be honestwithhim/her
FRIENDSHIP
The advantagesof having a true friendshipare:
 Fortifyyourself-steem
 Have a loyal personwithyou
 A true friendhelpsyoutosetgoalsinyour life
 A true friendhelpsyoutotake decisions
 He/She isalwayshonestwithyou
 He/She makesyouhave a funnytime

14.  You have helpalwaysyouneedit
 The most importantisthat if youhave a true friend,he/shewon´tleave younever
CONCLUSION
If we see the twosides, we can see that a friendshipiseasiergoingthata relationshipandyou
don´t have a bigcommitment,obviouslyyouhave tobe loyal but itisn’tthe same type of
loyaltythatone relationshiphas,anditis easiertokeep.
If the guidelinesof have a healthyrelationshiparen´taproblemforyouisa goodoptionif you
wantsomethingmore passionate thatafriendshipinyourlife.
VOCABULARY
 Relationship:relaciónamorosa
 Friendship:relaciónamistosa
 Sexual feelings:sentimientossexuales
 Couple:pareja
 Unconditional support:apoyo incondicional
 Tolerate:tolerar
 Be yourself:sertú mismo
 To be loved:seramado
 Commitment:compromiso
 Be loyal:ser leal/fiel
 Fortify:fortalecer
 Self-steem:autoestima
 Goals:objetivos
 Selfish:interesado
 Dishonest:falso
 Guidelines:pautas
 Passionate:pasional
ESSAY
Sometimes in our life we had or we will have to choose between a friend or a
boyfriend/girlfriendorwe hadaskedus or we will askuswhat isthe saferoptiontohave inour
life.Mostof the timesyoucan have both,but…Whatis better,arelationshipora friendship?It
depends on what are you looking for.
On one hand, we have the relationship, which is a close friendship between two people,
especiallyone involving romanticorsexual feelings. It will be a good option if you are looking
for somethingmore passionate oryou feel something different that a simple friendship with
someone. Falling in love is a very nice experience that makes you mature so much, but also
youhave to knowthat you have to be loyal and have a commitment with the person that you
are with.

15. On the other hand, there is the friendship, which is a situation in which two or more
people know well about each other and they trust and like each other, but they aren´t
membersof their familyora couple.Thisis a good option if you want something long-lasting
withoutanysexual feeling.Thisisessential in your life, a good friend makes your life happier
and better and if your friend is a true friend, he won’t never leave you alone and he will be
loyal forever with you.
In short, if you want something passionate you are looking for a relationship, but if you only
want to have someone to trust on without any sexual feelings, you are looking for a
friendship.

16. DRUGS, ALCOHOL AND SMOKING (By
Marina)
Brainstorming:
1. DRUGS: Illegal.
2. ALCOHOL:Legal forpeople over18 yearsof age.
3. SMOKING:Legal for people over18 yearsof age.
4. CAUSES
-People it’sjustcurious.
-Friends.
-People don’tknow the consequences.
-People have problems.
-etc.
5. CONSEQUENCES.
-Social andfamiliarproblems.
-Adiction.
-Alterationof the mood.
-Diseaseslike cancer.
-etc.
VOCABULARY
Tobacco.
Teenager.
Vice.
Addition.
Alteration.
Mood.
Brain.
Diseases.
Banned.
WEB LINKS
https://psicologiaymente.com/drogas/consecuencias-consumo-drogas.
ESSAY.
Some of the most common concerns for parents of adolescents are tobacco, alcohol, and
drugs. The pressure to experiment with these substances can come from friends and peers
Alcohol, tobacco and drugs are very common among young people nowadays.
People starttakingdrugs,alcohol andsmokingbecause theysee other people doing it and it’s
just a curiosity or they think it’s not bad for them and it’s just for having fun. Other people
start taking them because they have problems and see drugs as a solution.

17. The truth is thatsubstances have badconsequenceslike social or familiar problems, addition,
alteration of mood, they hurt your brain, etc. It can produce many diseases.
There are many people that consume them although drugs are prohibited, even if there are
people who sell them illegally. The Government has banned smoking in public places but it
doesn’treduce the number of people buying tobacco (legal for people over 18 years of age).
To sum up, experimentation with alcohol and drugs during adolescence is common.
Unfortunately, teenagers often don't see the link between their actions today and the
consequences tomorrow.

18. Sports are physical and competitive activities which have a lot of rules
and can be performed by a person or a group of people.
Sports. (By Lucía G.)
BRAINSTORM
 What are sports?
 Where were the olympicgamesborn?
 What are the advantagesanddisadvantagesof doingsports?
 What are the mostfamoussports?
 Can youhurt easily?
 Is feedingimportantbeforedoingsports?
 Can youabuse the time doing sports?

19. Boots
Racket
Bat
Stick
Skates
Net
Trunks
Court
Pool
Win
Lose
To cheer
Referee
Heating
Physical form
Athletes
VOCABULARY
Sports
Olympic games
Extreme sports
Watersports
Land sports
Racket sports
Collective sports
Individual sports
Football
Basketball
Swimming
Tennis
Health
Injuries
Diseases
Training

20. WRITING
Sports were born with the Olympics (Greece, 1896) and have evolved a lot, nowadays sports
are verypracticedall over the world. There are many types of sports depending on how they
are performed (extreme sports, aquatics, land sports, individual, collective ...) The most
performed sports in the world are football, basketball, tennis and swimming.
On the one hand, sports are very good for health because they make you have a healthier
lifestyle, a good physical condition and also prevent you from having any disease such as
obesity.
On the otherhand,if you abuse in sports, you can injure yourself because you exercise more
than your body can. In addition, professional sport is very hard, you have to train a lot and it
removesyoufrombeingable todoother activities. There isalsothe case of athletes who very
often take substances that are prohibited and are very unhealthy and if they take them
regularly they can cause your death.
In conclusion,sportsare goodforhealthand fitness, but they are also bad if you do not warm
up or in case of abuse of substance in order to be better than others.

21. FESTIVAL.(By Zaira)
-Brainstorm.
 When are the festivals? In summer, in spring…
 Where are the festivals? In stage beach, big cities…
 Are there buses to go? Yes.
 Is there food and drink? Yes, but it is very expensive.
 What’s the minimun age to enter? It are 18 years old.
 How many days do festivals last? 3 days more and less.
 Are there areas inside enclousure? Yes.
 Can you leave and go into again festival? Yes, but you have to pay more.
 Are there bathrooms at enclousure? Yes.
 Where can I buy the tickets for festival? On the Internet, business partners…
 If a person is under 18 years old, can he enter in enclousure? No.
 What types of music they put at festival? Rock, pop rap, trap, electronic music...
-VOCABULARY.
Festival.
Staff.
Merchandising.
Manager.
Tent.
Stage.
Enclousure.
Backstage.
Tune.
In tune.
Out of tune.
Meet and greet.
Tour
.
-BIOGRAPHY.
https://www.easypromosapp.com
www.saberingles.com
https://www.spain.info .
https://www.fundeu.es
https://concepto.de/deporte/
https://conceptodefinicion.de/deporte/
http://eldeportej.blogspot.com/2012/11/ventajas-y-desventajas-del-
deporte.html
https://federadosconeldeporte.com/deportes-mas-practicados-mundo/

22. -ESSAY.
Nowadays, in spring and summer season there are many music festival around the
world. The most famous are Tomorrowland, Lollapalooza, Ultra Miami, Medusa, Viña
Rock,Coachella… Would you like to go to a festival?
On the one hand, you can see your favourite DJs and you can listen to the music you
like. Moreover, you can meet new people from different places and if you go with your
friends, you will have a great time. Furthermore, if the festival is in a foreign country,
you will be able to know other cultures.
On the other hand, the disadvantages about festivals are that you can get lost. In
addition, you don’t have your own bathroom and you can’t clean yourself well and
comfortably. You also have to be careful with your drinks because other people can
drug you without noticing.
In short, I would like to go to a festival with my friends but I would be careful, because it
has to be a good experience and I love all kinds of music. But if I went to a festival I
would like to listen to Wade, Carl Cox, Rosalia, Ozuna, SFDK

23. Boys and Girls are equal. (By Lucía F)
Brainstorminng:
 Nature has created boys and girls equal
 Equal status for men and women
 To be treated as a second hand citizen
 Society expects women to stay at home
 Same rights
 Gender roles and relations
 Equal opportunities for men and women
 Gender equality
 Qualifications
 Labour dispute, promotion
 Different salary
VOCABULARY RELATED:
 Sexism
 Housework
 To alow
 Opportunities
 Roles
 Stereotype
 Society
 Females
 Equal
 Differences
 Battle
 Leadership
 Gender
ESSAY:
Boys and Girls should be equal and they should have the same rights, but even nowadays there
are situations in which we can observe that we can find differences. We are going to analyze if
they have the same opportunities, if they have to make the same effort to reach a same goal and
if they have the same rights. Girls and boys present differences and similarities, but as we live in
society it is important for all of us to get the same opportunities and the same rights.
Society has stereotyped women into traditional roles. There are people
who expects women to stay at home doing housework and looking after their children. On the
other hand, many other people want women to have the same opportunities as men. We should
think about how much women have contributed in our society.

24. Women have been fighting for equality. As a result of this battle, some transformations have taken
place amongst the female gender. Women have become educated and they have started to take
active roles in society. Since we have allowed females in leadership roles, we have seen that they
fulfill these functions just as men do, or even better.
Sometimes women have to make an extra effort to reach the same goal than a men. Although
women have improve their working opportunities, in some cases women have to fight for
promotion or for earning the same salary that men, because there are jobs in which women earn
less money for doing just the same than men.
In conclusion, it is necessary to take action to promote the concept of equality in our society. Men
and women should be allowed to have the same opportunities in equal circumstances and it is also
necessary to consider that gender equality needs men to get involved in order to reach a real
equality.

25. Beauty and fashion (By Itziar)
Brainstorming:
What isthe purpose whywe use fashionandbeauty?
whoare the biggestfashionandbeautyinfluencersininstagram?
How to be infashion?
Whichis haute couture?
Vocabulary :
To be ontrend
Casual clothes
Dressedtokill
Fashionhouse
Fashionicon
Fashionshow
Timeless
Well-dressed
Vintage clothes
To have an eye forfashion
The heightof fashion
Oldfashioned
Off the peg

26. Essay :
Fashion andbeautyindustrydictate the waywe dress.Youngpeople inparticularare easily
influencedbythe lastfashiontrends.Now fashionshowsare beingorganizedeveninsmaller
citiesandchildrenasyoungas three yearsoldwantto wear the latest clothes. These are all
signsof growingininfluence of the fashionindustry.Unfortunately, trendshave bothpositive
and negative aspects.
Onthe one hand,we formopinionsaboutpeople basedon theirstyleof dress. If youdress ina
formal way, youare more likely tobe takenina job. We are judgedbyourclothingand
appearance onaneverydaybasis.
On the otherhand, some people donotcare aboutfashion,andwhile thisisfine,doesnot
necessarilyservethe personwell.People are oftenjudgedbytheirlackof fashionsense.
In short,whetherwe like itornot,we have our ownimage and itis importantwhenyoutryto
finda job,whenyoumeetpeople andsoon.Firstimpressionare veryimportantin
relationshipsandbeautyandfashionare connectedtothem.

27. Social Problems: racism. (By Sara)
Brainstorming
 What isracism?
 Doesracism still existinthe present?
 Doesit have consequences?
 Is racisman importantproblem?
 Whichcountriesare the most racist?
 How isextendedall overthe world?
 Is there anysolution?
Essay.
In our world,there’ssomuchgoingalongthe day.Endlessandheartlesswars,manycasesof
social and economicinequality,poverty...etc. Butmymain topicisracism.
Racismis definedasthe belief of superiorityof one race overanother,whichoftenresultsin
discrimination andprejudicetowardspeople basedontheir race orethnicity.It’sextendedall
overthe world,overall inIndia(64.3%) andLebanon(64.4%),as South Africa’spercentrises
dangerouslyeachyear(current:61.9%).
The Universal Declarationof HumanRights (UDHR),whichwasadoptedbythe UnitedNations
General Assemblyin1948, recognizesthatpeoplerequire economicrights, social rights
includingeducation,andthe rightsto cultural and political participationand civil liberty.
However,racismisstill presentinour lives.
In conclusion,racismisunacceptable nowadaysandwe needto eradicate itcompletelyfrom
everymindbecause nobodydeservestobe hatedfor where theyare.

28. Vocabulary
Murder
Genocide
Hate crimes
Discrimination
Xenophobia
Segregation
Declarationof HumanRights
Religion
Hate
Racial identity
Origin
Personof color
Traits
Webgraphy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_issue
Newsrelatedto the topic
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/it-s-not-ok-first-nations-hockey-team-fights-
racism-with-unity-1.5140794
Blackface showshowdeeplyrootedanti-blackracismisinAmerica
https://www.vox.com/identities/2019/1/5/18168865/jazmine-barnes-shooting-manhunt-
texas-race

29. PETS AND ANIMALS (By Marta)
BRAINSTORM:
-What isa domesticpet?
- What animalscanbe pets?
-Canall animalsbe pets?
- What is the difference betweenadomesticanimal andawildanimal?
VOCABULARY:
Dog Duck Toys Turtles
Cat Wolf Lionsand Tigers
Hamster Rats Spiders Serpents Leash Birds
LINKS:
https://www.fundacion-affinity.org/perros...mascota/los-beneficios-del-vinculo-entre-.
ESSAY:
Many people have petsintheirhouses,petshave become amemberinthe family.
Everyday theyare more valued,because beyondprovidingfunandcompanionship,their
presence hasa positive impactonthe physical andmental healthof people.The mostcommon
petsare dogs.. Theirprotective instinctandthe companytheyoffermake dogsbecome a
memberof manyfamilies.Dogsare unconditional friendsof theirmastersand,therefore,
manypeople cannotlive withoutthem.
For thisreason, more and more familieswhentheygoonholidays take theirpetsbecausethey
do notleave themalone,orwithstrangersor forthe simple factthat theyare goingto be
missedalot. So, more and more hotelsallow youtokeepyoupetsinyourroom.
It has beenshownthathavinga petat home in thiscase dogshelpto reduce depression,and
above all helpchildrentoassume the responsibilitiesof havingananimal incharge.

30. CITIES AND VILLAGES (By Lucas)
Brainstorming:
-What’s the population to be considerate a city?
It varies by the country: 10000, in Spain; 30000, in Japan; 200 in Nordic countries
-Which are the most populated urban agglomerations in the world?
Tokyo, New Delhi, Shanghai, Sao Paulo, Bombay, Mexico D.F., Beijing, Osaka, Cairo and New
York.
TOKYO
-Which are the most polluted cities in the world?
Delhi,Dhaka,Kabul,Manama,UlanBator, Kuwait,Kathmandu,Beijing,Abu Dhabi and Jakarta.
DELHI
-Which are the most expensive cities in the world?
Paris, Singapore,HongKong,Zurich,Geneva(Ginebra,inSpanish),Osaka, Copenhagen, Seoul,
New York and Los Angeles.
PARIS
-Which are the most beautiful Spanish villages in 2019?
Níjar,Setenil de las Bodegas, Roda de Isábena, Tazones, Carmona, Potes, Bonilla de la Sierra,
Bagergue, San Martín de Trevejo, Viniegra de Arriba and Viniegra de Abajo.

31. SETENIL DE LAS BODEGAS
-Which are the most and less populated municipalities in Spain?
Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Seville and Zaragoza.
Villarroya, Illán de Vacas, Estepa de San Juan.
MADRID ILLÁN DE VACAS
VOCABULARY:
 City
 Town
 Village
 Municipality
 Population
 Traffic
 Traffic jam
 Pollution
 Services
 Urban transport
 Neighborhood
 District
 Noise
 Mall/Shopping Centre
 Urban agglomeration
 Metropolis
 Rural
 House
 Old town
 Skyline
 Capital city
 Avenue
 Street
 Square
 Town hall
 Mayor
FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY:
Oftenpeople wonder whether they should live in a city or in a village. Both have advantages
and disadvantages:
In a village, there´s more tranquility than in a city, and it is cozier. Villages are less
contaminated. However, there´s no urban transport, no malls. Another drawback is that
everybody knows you, and you know everybody.
In a city,there are recyclingcentersandyouhave more efficientaccesstoeducation,healthor
cultural services. But in the cities there are more crimes. Public services can suffer collapses,
like in the traffic jams.
Balancingthe advantagesanddisadvantagesof livingincitiesandvillages,I,personally, prefer
living in a village as they are more peaceful, quiet and healthier places..

32. LINKS:
-FAQ:
http://ficus.pntic.mec.es/ibus0001/ciudad/definicion.html
https://www.viajablog.com/las-ciudades-mas-pobladas-del-mundo/
https://www.tiempo.com/ram/paises-ciudades-mas-contaminadas-del-mundo.html
https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2019/03/19/las-ciudades-mas-caras-del-mundo-para-vivir-en-
2019/
https://www.enterat.com/placeres/los-pueblos-mas-bonitos-de-espana.php
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Municipios_de_Espa%C3%B1a_por_poblaci%C3%B3n
-ESSAY:
https://weloversize.com/lifestyle/ventajas-y-desventajas-de-vivir-en-un-pueblo/
https://www.lifeder.com/ventajas-desventajas-vivir-ciudad/

33. THE NATURAL DISASTERS: (By JOSE)
Brainstorming:
What are natural disasters?
How are they produced?
What types of natural disasters are
there?
What consequences do they have?
What are natural disasters?
A natural disaster is an unhappy or tragic event. A natural disaster is a catastrophe
produced by natural phenomena.
How are they produced?
The idea of natural disaster, therefore, refers to an unfortunate or fatal event which
is produced by the action of the forces of the nature, without the men having done
anything.
What types of natural disasters are there?
An earthquake, a lightning strike, a tsunami, a flood a hurricane, tornadoes, tropical
storms, earthquakes, fires and floods.
What consequences do they have?
Natural disasters not only cause devastating effects at the time they occur, but also
affect the human-economic development of the region, generating poverty,
destruction of infrastructure, reduction in agricultural production and, affecting
food security, health and education, generating technological and social stagnation
Vocabulary:
- Disaster
- earthquake
- Lightning strike
- Tsunami
- Hurricane
- Evacuated
- Torrential rains
- Disaster prone
- Storms
- Evacuation

34. - Containment
- Cyclone
- Whirlwind
- Volcanoes
OPINION ESSAY
Natural disasters are unpredictable phenomena that the human cannot avoid or
control when they occur. There are countries where there is more probability that
they occur. For example, Japan which is a natural disaster-prone country where
earthquakes, tsunami, typhoons, among others often occur.
The main problem with natural disasters are the consequences: the risk of disease
from dirty water, the difficulty of reaching the sick or injured and the economic
impact of the reconstruction, in addition to the number of deaths.
A factor to consider in the future is the variability of rainfall, since in the coming
decades it will affect not only the supply of fresh water, but also it will threaten
hygiene and increase the risk of diseases such as diarrhea that in our days they
already provoke 760,000 annual deaths in children under 5 years of age.
To sum up, natural disasters are devastating when they occur and only lead to
destruction. As far as I am concerned, there is much more to do in order to prevent
their overwhelming consequences
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desastre_natura
https://okdiario.com/curiosidades/conoces-todos-tipos-desastres-
naturales-548493
https://actualidad.rt.com/themes/view/91970-desastres-naturales

35. FOOD (By Victoria)
ESSAY
Food is very important for our health as well as water. There are many types of food for the
different tastes of each person. On the one hand: vegetarians, vegans, celiac…And there are
also many types of food such as: Chinese food, Indian food, fast food…
Firstof all food,isvery importantforour healthandto survive.Foodhasmanynutrients and it
is necessary if you are working hard or if you practice any sport and even if you are studying.
The diet has to be balanced and you have to take care of the diet. You have to eat all kind of
food to be healthy. For example: meat, fish, fruit, vegetables.
Howeverif youdon’ttake a balancedandhealthydiet,you might have serious problems such
as heartdisease orobesity.In addition if you only take a type of food, you could be addictive
to it. For instance, if you eat junk food every day you won’t probably have any other type of
food because you won’t like it.
In conclusion, the best option is to have a balanced and healthy diet so that we have good
health.Youhave to eatall kind of food,meat,fish and vegetables. To eat junk food from time
to time is not bad but don’t take advantage of it since we might suffer its negative
consequences.
BRAINSTORM
-INTRODUCTION:
The importance of food.
Types of food.
The food according to likes or preference of people.
The food according to illnesses.
-FOR:
The healthy diet.
The importance of food in order to work and play sports.
The variety of a diet.
-AGAINST:
The disadvantages of fast food.
Health problems.
Addictive problems caused by junk food.

36. -CONCLUSION.
The importance of eating well.
VOCABULARY
Diet
Fast food
Ingredients
Nutritious
Obesity
Tasty
Delicious
Healthy diet
Health problems
Addictive
WEBS PAGES
www.typesoffood.com
oxford diccionary

37. RACISM (By Vera)
BRAINSTORMING:
 What is racism? ideology that defends the superiority of one race over the others
and the need to keep it isolated or separated from the rest
 Racism in history: Unfortunately, racism has always existed
 Racism today: Although it doesn´t seem like it, it still exists
 Types of racism
 Fight against racism
RACISM IN HISTORY
Some of the most famous historical events are:
 Nazi holocaust: From 1939 to 1945 the Jews were persecuted, imprisoned and
sometimes murdered, simply because of their race. Approximately 6,000,000 Jews died.
 Slavery: Africanslave trade began in the fifteenth century, more specifically in the
year 1441 with the traffic of the first African slaves carried out by the Portuguese.
 Apartheid: It was the system of racial segregation in South Africa and Namibia in
force until 1992.
RACISM TODAY
TYPES OF RACISM
 Institutional racism: Laws or institutions that discriminate against people by their
roots.
 Cultural racism: emphasizesasupposed cultural superiority of one ethnic group over
another.
 Biological racism: emphasizes the influence of genetics on the capacities
VOCABULARY:
skin
race
colour
discriminate
genocide
slavery
traits
culture
religion
rejection
pull apart
take advantage
isolate
prejudice
humiliate
marginalize
equality
humans

38. ESSAY:
Racismis an ideologythatdefendsthe superiorityof one race over the others and the need to
keep it isolated or separated from the rest. Many people throughout history have believed
themselves superiortoothersbecause of theirrace and have been entitled to belittle people
they consider inferior.
Previously it was common, people were used to these deals. Great signs of racism were the
Nazi holocaust,Apartheidandothergreatinjustices. Fortunately, this ideology is now almost
extinct,althoughthere are still people whothink like centuries ago, mainly in North America,
Austria. Many types of racism have been detected: biological, cultural, institutional ...
(depending on the color of the skin, culture…)
Slaveryisprohibitedinthe UnitedStatesin1865 and racial segregationendsin1948, butthere
are still remnantsof these thoughtsdespite what has been fought to eradicate them, there is
still a long way to go.
LINKS:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGDvt4yKTiM
https://youtu.be/WvD--RLOPH4

39. LANGUAGES (By Andrea)
THE MOST SPOKEN LANGUAGES IN THE WORLD.
·BRAINSTORM
· What are the most spoken languages?
· How many people speak them?
· Where do these languages come from?
· Where are these languages spoken?
· What are the easiest to learn? And the most difficult?
·ESSAY
Throughouthistoryhumanityhasdeveloped a lot of ways to communicate one to each other.
The most sophisticated is the language. At the present time there are a lot of different
languages around the world. Do you know all of them?
The first most spoken language is Chinese. Chinese is a typographic language, because its
writing is by drawing. It is spoken in five countries and 955 million of people speak it. It is
spoken in Taiwan, Singapore, China, Hong Kong and Vietnam.
The second most spoken language as a mother tongue is Spanish. Spanish is a Romance
language.Romance languagescome fromLatin.Spanishisspokenintwenty-one countriesand
577 millionof people speakit.It is spoken in Spain, Mexico, Argentina, Colombia or Cuba, for
example.
The third mostspokenlanguage asa native tongue is English. It is not a Romance language , it
is Germanic. English is spoken in seven countries and 508 million of people speak it. It is
spoken in United Kingdom, USA, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Canada and Barbados
From mypointof view,Chinese isthe mostdifficultlanguage tolearntowrite andspeak if you
compare it to Spanish and English.
·VOCABULARY
Mother tongue
Native tongue
Romance language
Typographic
Sophisticated

40. BIBLIOGRAPHY
·https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_chino
·https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_espa%C3%B1ol
·https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_ingl%C3%A9s
·https://es.babbel.com/es/magazine/los-10-idiomas-mas-hablados-del-mundo/

41. Health (By Sheila)
BRAINSTORM
What is health?
-Is fast food good for health ?
-Which is understood by health conditions?
-What are the five nutrients your body needs to stay healthy?
Vocabulary
Health
Illness
Disease
Asthma
Flu
Chickenpox
Heart attack
Blood
To sneeze
To cough
To faint
To fell sick
Band aid
Prescription
Injury
To have a rash
Essay :
Healthisa state of complete physical, mental andsocial wellbeing, itdoesnotonlymean to be
free frominfectionsordiseases.Some remediesforgoodphysical healthisto do exercise and
have a balanced diet, for mental health you have to think positive and for social you have to
relate to people who are not toxic.
On the one hand , these are some of the benefits to being healthy: we can reduce the stress,
preventcardiovasculardisease, lifeexpectancy increases,free tension , promote digestion …
On the otherhand , if you eat junk food and do not exercise you will not be healthy and you
do not feel good with yourself . Fast food is not good for our body because it does not bring
nutritional value and carries calories , preservatives and sweeteners that can lead you to
suffer cardiovascular diseases so you must do a good sport
In short,healthis the mostimportantvalue because when I feel well and do sports, my metal
health improves and I feel more confident, so I recommend everyone to do their best to be
healthy.
Bibliography
www.saberingles.com.ar (vocabulary)
wordreference
https://radiofelicidad.mx>beneficios-una –persona-saludable/

42. CRIME AND VIOLENCE. (Daniel)
Brainstorming:
-Whydo youmake a crime?
-Typesof crime.
-Punishment
-Are there legal crimes?
-Differentcrimesinsome countries.
-Isviolence justifiedinanysituations?
-How do crimesandviolence affect acountry?
-Common crimesaroundthe world.
Vocabulay:
Dead
Murder
Robber
Prision
Gun
Knife
Blood
Handcuffs
Carnage
Prisioner
Patrol car
Electricchair
Execution
Punishment
Venom
Police
Car chase
Psychopathic
Innocent
Drugs
Smoke
Deadpenalty
Essay
It isquite obviousthatthe rate of crimesare increasingdayby dayin all societiesin the world,
but I personallydobelieve thatthere are alot whichcan be done by boththe governments
and the individualstoreduce the crimesincommunities.
A lotof importantmeasures,onthe one hand,canbe takenbythe governmentsinorderto
reduce or eveneradicate differenttypesof crimes.First,governmentscanintroduce more

43. police forceseverywhere tomonitorpeoplesactivitiesandstopthemfromcommitting
crimes.Second,the state can applynew technologiessuchassurveillancecamerasinthe
streets,shoppingcenters,restaurantsandall publicplacestocease criminals.Third,strict
punishmentsoncriminalscanhave reallypreventive anddeterrenteffectsonall age groupsin
society,so by usingharshpenaltieslike imprisonment,physical orfinancial punishmentsthe
rate of crimescan be decreased.
On the otherhand,individualsinsocietiescanbe of greathelpto cut downon the numberof
crimesbeingcommitted.Tomymind,the overwhelmingmajorityof peopletendtoparticipate
inactivitiesassistingthe governmenttokeepthe societyasafe place fortheirownfamilies
and the othersand forall age groups.Take as an example,mostpeople byreportingthe
problemstopolice canplayan indispensablerole incrime-preventionactivities.Inaddition,
whenpeople themselvescare aboutdecreasingheinouscrimesincities,itcanbe sort of a
preventiveactiontoharnesswell the situationinsocietybygovernmentaswell.
To conclude,inorderfora societytobe a safe place tolive in,all societymembersincluding
the governmentsandpeople musttake necessarymeasurementstokeepitacrime-free place.
Webgraphy:
 https://www.bbc.com/news/world-45835584
 https://www.wordreference.com/
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8dnVZibrV6g