Foundation of Ethics What does Mill say is the ultimate sanction of the greatest happiness morality (or utilitarianism)? What is its basis; how did it develop? Also say a bit about how it works. (Approximately 100 words total) from John Stuart Mill\'s Utilitarianism Please do not provide answers from others since its consider a plagiarism. Thanks Solution Mill was Bentham\'s godson. He believed that happiness,not pleasure should be the standard of utility. Mill agreed with the utility principle but had an issue with the quantitative element.He wanted to reformulate the theory and to present that pleasures are not all of equal value. Mill argues that moral theories are divided between two distinct approaches: a) The intuitive and b) The Inductive schools. He adds that the principle of utility should be seen as a tool for generating secondary moral principles,ehich promote general happiness. Development of Utilitarianism: The theory developed through differentt phases.Some of the important phases are given by phillosphers with tehir views are: 1. Classical Approach by Bentham: His theory can be divide into three parts: Hedonistic Utilitarianism , the principle of utility and th eutility or Hedonic Calculus. 2. Henry Sidgwick\'s: It is one of the most well known works in utilitarian moral philosophy, and deservedly so. It offers a defense of utilitarianism, though some writers (Schneewind 1977) have argued that it should not primarily be read as a defense of utilitarianism. In The MethodsSidgwick is concerned with developing an account of “…the different methods of Ethics that I find implicit in our common moral reasoning…” These methods are egoism, intuition based morality, and utilitarianism. 3.Ideal Utilitarianism byG. E. Moore: He strongly disagreed with the hedonistic value theory adopted by the Classical Utilitarians. Moore agreed that we ought to promote the good, but believed that the good included far more than what could be reduced to pleasure. He was a pluralist, rather than a monist, regarding intrinsic value. For example, he believed that ‘beauty’ was an intrinsic good. A beautiful object had value independent of any pleasure it might generate in a viewer. Thus, Moore differed from Sidgwick who regarded the good as consisting in some consciousness. Working of Mill\'s theory: Mill developed a system of higher and lower pleasures. to pursue pleasures of the intellect were \'higher\' tha,say, the pursuits of pleasures of the body.Mill wanted to reformulate the utilitarian theory to reflect tthe fact that pleasures are not all of equal valuue. He also wanted to take human naure into account. Mill argues that the principle of utility should be seen as a tool for generating secondary moral principles which promote general happiness. Thus most of our actions will be judged according to these secondary principles. Mill argues that everything we desire becomes part of happiness.Thus happiness becomes a complex phenomenon composed of many par.

1. Foundation of Ethics
What does Mill say is the ultimate sanction of the greatest happiness morality (or utilitarianism)?
What is its basis; how did it develop? Also say a bit about how it works. (Approximately 100
words total) from John Stuart Mill's Utilitarianism
Please do not provide answers from others since its consider a plagiarism.
Thanks
Solution
Mill was Bentham's godson. He believed that happiness,not pleasure should be the standard of
utility. Mill agreed with the utility principle but had an issue with the quantitative element.He
wanted to reformulate the theory and to present that pleasures are not all of equal value. Mill
argues that moral theories are divided between two distinct approaches:
a) The intuitive and
b) The Inductive schools.
He adds that the principle of utility should be seen as a tool for generating secondary moral
principles,ehich promote general happiness.
Development of Utilitarianism: The theory developed through differentt phases.Some of the
important phases are given by phillosphers with tehir views are:
1. Classical Approach by Bentham: His theory can be divide into three parts: Hedonistic
Utilitarianism , the principle of utility and th eutility or Hedonic Calculus.
2. Henry Sidgwick's: It is one of the most well known works in utilitarian moral philosophy, and
deservedly so. It offers a defense of utilitarianism, though some writers (Schneewind 1977) have
argued that it should not primarily be read as a defense of utilitarianism. In The
MethodsSidgwick is concerned with developing an account of “…the different methods of Ethics
that I find implicit in our common moral reasoning…” These methods are egoism, intuition
based morality, and utilitarianism.
3.Ideal Utilitarianism byG. E. Moore: He strongly disagreed with the hedonistic value theory
adopted by the Classical Utilitarians. Moore agreed that we ought to promote the good, but
believed that the good included far more than what could be reduced to pleasure. He was a
pluralist, rather than a monist, regarding intrinsic value. For example, he believed that ‘beauty’
was an intrinsic good. A beautiful object had value independent of any pleasure it might generate
in a viewer. Thus, Moore differed from Sidgwick who regarded the good as consisting in some
consciousness.
Working of Mill's theory:

2. Mill developed a system of higher and lower pleasures. to pursue pleasures of the intellect were
'higher' tha,say, the pursuits of pleasures of the body.Mill wanted to reformulate the utilitarian
theory to reflect tthe fact that pleasures are not all of equal valuue. He also wanted to take human
naure into account.
Mill argues that the principle of utility should be seen as a tool for generating secondary moral
principles which promote general happiness. Thus most of our actions will be judged according
to these secondary principles.
Mill argues that everything we desire becomes part of happiness.Thus happiness becomes a
complex phenomenon composed of many parts such as:
1. Virtue
2. Love of money
3. Power
4. Fame