Brackets

What is a bracket???
www.indiandentalacademy.com

What is a bracket???
 Bracket- an attachment that serves to deliver the
necessary tooth moving forces.
 Bracket may be defined as an orthodontic attachment
secured to a tooth for the purpose of engaging an arch
wire - Thurow

Ancient orthodontics
splint of ivory

E.H ANGLE
 Father of orthodontics
 Valuable contributions
 Latest – edgewise app
 Angle’s line of occlusion

E.H ANGLE
 All you can do is push, pull or turn a tooth.
 Edgewise appliance - ‘‘Latest and the best’’
 Evolution of edgewise appliance….

Evolution of edgewise appliance
 Angle graduated in 1878
 1888 – angle system
 Standard Orthodontic appliance should have 5
properties

 Simplicity
 Stability
 Efficiency
 Delicacy
 Inconspicuousness

Angle patented the jackscrew – he gave the
credit for the regulating screw to dwinelle
1849- did not give credit to farrar who had
described a similar appliance in 1876 – his
rival. www.indiandentalacademy.com

 1907 – angle discontinued the use of jack screws
E Arch

 Heavy archwires supplied in 4 designs
Basic E arch
Ribbed E arch
E arch without threaded ends
E arch with hooks

Basic E arch

Ribbed E arch

E arch without threaded ends

E arch with hooks

 Problems with Angle’s E arch appliance
1. Removal of retention app – malocclusion.
2. Axial relationship of teeth can not be accomplished
3. Unstable results
Teeth should be moved bodily

Pin and tube-1910

Pin and tube-1910
Adv - root movement
Disadv – technique sensitive and time consuming
- rotational adjustments difficult to achieve

The Ribbon Arch-1915
Brackets

 Advantages
1. Rotations readily
accomplished
2. Incisogingival
3. Labiolingual
 Disadvantages
1. Enmasse movement of
teeth
2. Mesial and distal
tipping bends

contrast to ribbon arch???
0.022×0.028
0.050 Inch wide
Gold bracket
Gold band
Ligature tie

Gold alloy archwires
First order bends
Second order bends
Third order bends

Cornerstones of modern edgewise
orthodontics
 Tooth movement in all 3 planes
 Philosophy of treating to ideal arch form
 Use of rectangular arch wires

Single width bracket

Siamese twin bracket
swain
Interbracket span 050’’

Posterior brackets
 Twice the width of
single width bracket
010’’

Curved base twin bracket
Positive control
Mechanism of action

Twin bracket – important points
 Rotational control : mainly by deflection of arch wire
 Positive control
1. 10% play of arch wire
2. Inter bracket span is reduced  Resiliency
3. Closing loop arch wires
4. Second order bends
Disadvantages

Lewis bracket
Soldered auxiliary rotation arms
Single width feature- retained

Lewis bracket
 Types:

Lewis bracket
 Advantages:
Does not interfere with resiliency ,closing
loops &second order bends
100% correction & over corrections
Wings though rigid can be bent

Curved base lewis bracket
Increase contact with band .
Reduces trapping of the food.

Vertical slot Lewis bracket
020 x020 vertical slot

Steiner bracket
 Flexible rotation arms - did not rely entirely on the
resiliency of archwire for tooth rotation.
 Single width edgewise bracket

Broussard bracket
Grayford broussard
Modified edgewise bracket
in which there is addition of
0.0185 x 0.046 slot –to
accept doubled 0.018
auxiliary wire

Tweed-Merrifield appliance
 Double width bracket on 6
anteriors
 Intermediate Single width
brackets on Premolar
bands
 Twin brackets on molars
 0.022 tubes on second
molars

Andrews straight wire appliance
 BRACKETS stand in between tooth and the
orthodontist
 1960 – concept of fully programmed appliance
 Advantage of FPA
ELIMINATES WIRE BENDING

Andrews
 Driving force for FPA
1. Analysis of orthodontically treated final occlusion
2. Analysis of naturally occurring optimal occlusion
3. Six keys to normal occlusion

Andrews
Andrews plane

Andrews
FACC
FA point
Angulation

Andrews
Inclination

Interarch relationship

Crown angulation

Crown inclination

Crown inclination of posteriors

Absence of rotations
Tight contacts Curve of spee

Andrews classification
1. Non programmed appliance-a set of brackets
designed the same for all tooth types ,relying totally
on wire bending.
2. Partly programmed appliance- a set of brackets
designed with some in built features ,but always
require some wire bending
3. Fully programmed appliance- a set of brackets
designed to guide teeth directly to their goal
positions with unbent wires.

Features of Edgewise Bracket

Non programmed bracket
 Angle’s edgewise app
FA point on FACC
All crowns will have equal facial prominences
Extensive Wire bending

 Design shortcomings
1. Bracket base perpendicular to bracket stem.
2. Bracket bases are not contoured.
3. Slots are not angulated
4. Bracket stem are of equal faciolingual thickness.
5. Maxillary molar offset is not built in.
6. Bracket siting techniques are unsatisfactory.

1. Bracket base perpendicular to bracket stem.

 Bracket bases are not contoured occlusogingivally.

Greater than 2°
Greater than 0.5 mm

Mesio-distal base contour

 Slots not angulated

 Bracket stem are of equal faciolingual thickness

Maxillary molar offset is not built in.

Bracket siting techniques are unsatisfactory.
Angulation
-Long axis-crown
-Long axis-tooth
-Incisal edges- curved ,worn
-Marginal ridges
-Contact points

 Holdaway advocates that the bracket siting should
be altered according to the malocclusion.
 Tweed recommends siting brackets in specified
number of millimeters from the incisal edge.
 According to Jarabak bracket sites for inclination
should be determined by the shape of the crown.

 Saltzman recommends except for the maxillary lateral
incisor ,brackets should be located in the middle third
of the crown.
 Lindquist brackets according to the ht of marginal
ridges on posteriors.

Accuracy-
1. 2 degrees
2. .5 mm of the FA point.
Bracket base along FACC
At FA point

Wire bending
 Primary wire bends (1st
, 2nd
, 3rd
order )
 Secondary wire bends
 tertiary wire bends

Wire bending
angulationwww.indiandentalacademy.com

Wire bending
Occlusogingival slot positioning

Wire bending
Inclination

Wire bending
Prominence differenceswww.indiandentalacademy.com

Wire bending
Prominence differences

Wire bending
Total 76 bends
Fully programmed appliance

Brackets

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Viewers also liked

Viewers also liked (20)

Similar to Brackets

Similar to Brackets (20)

More from Indian dental academy

More from Indian dental academy (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Brackets